-1
4- Til
4
trtnm Ilunfs Merchants Aiagaziue.j
SIEli'clAIfTIlX niOGBAPHl'.
. , 1 i I! I JpSEPII HeWES.,
nil Mrents of Joseph Hewes were
A
trie Society: of Friends, and
at the time"' of their marriage . resided
?L U Uiknv of Connecticut; in one of the
Settlements! the farthest removed from the
coast of the Atlantic. In. this situation
they were obliged to' bear the double per
secutioalarising from the often excited
hostility of the Indians, who roved through
the forests in their vicinity, and the pre
judice stii remaining among the puritans
of New iB igland, againsf all that .wore
the quaker habiliments or professed-the
. quaker doctrines, j ; - - Sy.:-
4 " tForj peons of this persuasion, and in
deed for all that were ambitious of a qui
et and secure life, a residence either in
Gonneticu?br Ma$sachusej ts, was at that
period faWrom desirable. J ! - r
I TUXrnmont W Massachusetts had.
tin order to H promote enterprise and en
courage fbranteersr" raised the premium
Ion Indian sdalps and prisoners to one hun
idredpouidal for eacli;' and in the temper
of mind which is sufficiently indicated by
such an enactment,! a bitter arid murder
ous warfarcj was waged ; against the. na
tives of tne forest, attended with ci rcum
stance oflen discreditable to the human
ity of the! wpite man. and with instances
of reprisals and retaliation on the part of
the Indian, involving the most shocking
barbarities.'
1 ! TU
to unite in any measures of war that
ere riot defensive ; but the Indians were
not always careful to observe the bound-
. . ;. : i . !... j -
line between the colonies, or to dis-
crimiriatc: between j people, so closely re
sembling ach other in I manner and ap-
!tearahcel
ibus farmers I of Connecticut were, 'there-
' fore, exposed to suffer the vengeance in
tended to- be dealt upon the scalping par
ties of Massachusetts, and manv of them
moved off frdmtlie lands they had pre-
v it !'. ill.-. - -.1
pared lof, cultivation, . to; seek a more se
cure asylum in a southern colony.
n- Aynonof S these emi'rrn.ntsi I wam Aaron
add Provide ace Ilewes,, iwho made their
j escape! from the scene of savage warfare
not without difficulty and j imminent per-
sonai fslM ? nearj lnaeea, were tney to
the scene! pf danger, that, 'in crossing the
Housatlonjii fiver, t$eyvere almost over
taken W Inej Indian's,and were within the
actual jrangej of their bullets, one of which
jwoun Jed providence in the neck.. They
took up their abode Pear Kingston, in New
jJerseyJ, where they found h peaceful and
secure uwei
inc-nlace. and where! thev re
i t J V. '. J .-It '
mained tj e end of their lives. tJ
The) r son Josephvas lornr in the year
1730 ; j and after enjoy ing; the ad vantages
of education1 common at that period, in the
Imme'aWej neighborhood of Princeton col-
lege,
, he went to Philadelphia to acquire
a knowleiugo ot commercial business, lie
entered, as1 soon as his term of anDrentice
iship in a counting iouse was closed, into
the bustle and activity! of j trade ; and, a-
l vailing himself of the fortunate situation
i of the .colonies in respect to commerce,
r'arid thnrhAtr onnortunities then offered
py theiBpitih flagparticularywhen us
H to protect American shipshe yassoon
I one ot the large number ot thriving coio
inial merchants, whose very prosperity be-
j, came a lure to Great Britain, and induced
hec tojlopk to this country for a revenue.
Mr. Heyt4s did not remove to North
Carolina until he was nearly thirty years
oi aire, previous to wnici uum uv uuu
V - rL i v i A ,
been residmir at New, York and Philadel-
4 u Tt? L V -a i ' i r
)j)hia:altern4ely,ith occasional and-frc;
fluent hilts to his faend., Xcw Jersey.
Having made choice of Edeptonj for his
future home! he soon became distinguish-
i, ed in the! community of that city for his
' successful career asolnerchantj jiis hber
' al hospimlities," grclat probity" and honor.
and his jagrceablej social equalities. Al-
Tirtti nrhrlv. n. strn.nrpr Hn'thft j?tntp. hi
1
was verV shortly invited to take a seat in
the colonialrlegislature of North Carolina
to which he wasrepeatedly
A i. t.- i. r.u-A ...uu
an
chosch, and
iothb people of that colony,
editl'tcJ himself, i' ...
advantage
and with p
i T f U J t x - ; T
Wherl th British ministry: had procec-
ded so far'as ioiclpse theort of Boston,
ceed in the rl plan tof taxing the colonies,)
1 t 1 - '
SSKS
.11 Na,!1 n2'
Inhere, had proposola; meeting: of.depn
l!f ?f.rf W VSress to be he u at
t uaae pniai ir. leweswasone oi mrC?
vuizensjseiecieu uy iiiurui aruiiuifc y t
Present iheiJ in thai assembly. On the 4th
. , J !' " T 7 : :',- ... ,
ot September, in the year 1774, this lirst
Concrefcs hirart their session i and on the
14th Lf ithe! same month, Mr.: Hewes ar-;
rived ahd took hisi seat, v r
1 i Immediately after the, assembling o
Congress, two important committees had
r j been appointed, to whom, in fact, uearly
j , all the business of the Congress was en
: ' - trustedi ; Tile on0 yps to," state the rights
i of th colonies inlgencral, the several in
; stances in; which those rights arc Violated
BRUNER ; & " JAME S, ,:
.A
or infringed, and the rneans most proper
to be pursued for obtaining a restoration.
of them.v JThe other was to examine
and report the several , statutes which af-
feet the trade and manufacture oi theco-y
lonies. ; To the first of these committees
Mr Hcwes was added very soon after he
t. a '
took hi.$ eat, and contributed his assist
ance to the: preparation ! of their report,
which was adopted on the !4th of Octo
ber. ,1 : . . '. ''' ' t. : i" i . I i - V' ;
TKfl tinn-imnnrtfttion ftorp.mpnt- rernm.
mended bv this report and determined to
be adopted, was a very remarkable event
in the annals of the revolution. It could
only have -been thought of by men having J
the moit perfect conjidence in the integ
rity and patriotism of the people, without
whose universal and strict resolution to
maintain it, such a measure would be pal
pably ijnaVailing. A system of privation
not enforced by any law, nor guarded with
lany peftal gahctions, but resting entirely
on the deep .and general sense of wrongs
inflicted, ahd of the necessit' of a united
effort to obtain redress it evinced a stea
dy resolutjon, a sober patriotism, and a
ceneroUs sacntice ot selusn views to the
commojli gcjod, unequalled in the history
of the world.
If any class of people more than5 the rest
were entitled to particular praise for the
patriotic ardor Which induced them to
join in jthlj combination, it was unqaes
tionabl the mercantile part of the com
munity! who sacrificed not onlj many of
the comforts and enjoyments of life, .but
gave up also the, very means of theifsub
sistence, ipKrelinquishing the importing
trade- to Wiich they had been accustomed
to devote their capital and labor. Mr.
Ilewes was a merchant, and a successful
one. He nad been lor more than twenty
years engaged in the sale of merchandise
imported chieflyv from England and the
British dependencies ; but he did not hes
itate on this occasion to aist in the pre
paration oflthe plan, to vote for it, and to
j-r ! . .1 . mi
ainx nis own name to me compact. i ne
association i recited, in the first place, the
injuries- iiiiiicifu un tuc cmuuies uy me
various acts of the.British government, a-
gainst which the report otthe committee
I 1.1 ! I' J Jil J 1 ' A. A.
nau Deen airecteu, ana inenueciares mar.,
to obtain 'redress for these grievances.
non-importation- non-consumption, and
non exportation agreement, faithfully ad
hered to, would prove the most speedy, ef
fectual, and peaceable measure.
Such an agreement was then concluded,
to the observance of which, the associates
were bound by the sacred ties of virtue,
honor, and flove of country. It was re
commended to th6 provincial conventions,
and to the committees in the respective
colonies, " to establish such farther regu
lationsjas they may think proper, for car
rying Into execution this association."
Congress, after adopting an address to the
people! of Great Britain, an address to the
king, and One to the p'eople of Canada, all
distinguished by uncommon elegance and
force of diction, and having resolved that
v-,. iA . . . e
it was expedient to meet again in May of
. 1 ' j- A u
the succeeding year, adjourned on the
.i.u AT . JnnA vTl. - p
-tS ,i home North Carolina.
returned to his home ia North Carolina
In the ensuing spring, a convention-of
that colony was. held at Ncwbern, when
MrMIewes was elected a member of the
Continental Congress about to assemble ;
the glnehil assembly approved of this
choice an4 at the same time resolved to
adhere strict h' to the non-importation a-
greement, and to use what influence they
PPef e1 ,nduce th? serTa"c
m every province. Mr. Hewes attended
aceorchngly at PhUadelpbia whenthe new
Confess apmbed in May, and contwued
with them until thftirnrlintirnmpnt. the last
,v kkAt Thft uuHUlnn had
mJLa J wo0 ;f
A w V II VVA4 UViUl u iuu my VIIU
and the ' first business that
"1 ir I PT-t 11T I -T 1 lir.llL ua A I j W . M t I I I I If II II II 1 mj m
t, nc w;fnM Uwi, t
tharPriol or at leasts thai occasion,
A supplied tHe place of military Reports,
- ufedAoundedand musing, as w
of
ell
as of thc movements of the hostile forced
The first resolution
of the Congress was,
howeyer,twithstandingiheexcitement
laturally caused by the actual commence
ment of war. to present another Ioval and
dutiful address to the king ; 'at the f same
time, now first glancing at the possibility
Ot a SCparailUtlf uii a ittuimucmiauuu iu
the rProvi n cial Congress oi -NewjYork to
prepare vigorously ibr fenc ijf is
very uncerrain -wuevuci i
deavors ofjthe Congress accommodate
t h f . n nh a np v . d i fferenccs ''. between G reat
Britain and . the colonies by conciliatory
measures will be successful, i j
Keep a'chxci .ppox alltoux
- IS SAFE." - .
,The battle of Bunker's Hill, and the ap
pointment of a commander-iritchief of the
army with a. long list , o jnjor-genls.
and brigadiers, in the succeeding month,
placed . the true nature of the contest more
distinctly in the view of the people of A
merica, and of the world. TJie Society of
Friends, of which Mr. Hewes parents thad
been members, as well as hjmselfai his
youth, were how straining eyery nerve in
an effort to prevent the revolutionary, re
publican, and warlike doctrines of the
times, from gaining a recebtion among
the quakers. The society was'numefous,
wealthy, ano! respectable, and their oppo
sition wras poyerful and active. In the
beginning of the year 1775, they had held
a generahConvention of the people call
ed quakers residing in Pennsylvania jand
New Jersey, and had put forth a " testi-
mony, denouncing the Congress and all
its proceedings. This, however, did( not
have any eflect on Mr. Hewes, or if any,
not the effect intended. He broke entire
ly from communion with the quakers, and
became not only a promoter of war, but
a man of gaiety and worldly! habits even
to the extent of being a frequent visiter of
the ladies, and partaking, even with glee
and animation, of the pleasures of the
. - S j
dance, in which he is said at all times of
his life, after escaping from the restraints
of his quaker education, to have taken
muchlelight.
In the recess of Congress,) between, July
and September, he did not return to North
Carolina, but made a visit io his friends
in New Jersey, and was at hand when the
next session was begun. He was placed on
the Committee of claims, and that charged
with the fitting out of the armed vessels
ordered to be built or equipped for j Con
gress the germ of the United States' na
vy ; and thus he became, in effect, and in
the nature of his duties and responsibili
ties, the first secretary of her navy. In
the commencemenVof the next year, Mr.
Hewes, having attained great respect in
Congress by his excellent equalities and
habits of close attention to business, was
chosen a member of J'he secret committee,
a post of extreme difficulty,; and great re
sponsibility, and requiring the j closest ap-
' - "L IL.vC ! . 4ss,-k
plication. - - ; i I o j
It was within the recollection of some
of the long surviving patriots of this peri
od, that Hewes was remarkable for ade
votedness to the business of this commit
tee, as complete as ever the industrious
merchant was known to give his counting
house. After this time he was generally
appointed on the most lmpdrtanfcdmmit
tees, such as that to concert! with General
Washington a plan of operations for the
ensuing campaign ; the one 0ntrustefl with
the difficult task of digesting a plan of
confederation ; another charged with the
superintendence of the treasury ; one rais
ed for the purpose of inquiring into the
causes of the miscarriages in Canada, and
several others of less moment. Mr. Hewes
was, during this period, a most active man
of business ; the disbursements of the na
val committee were under his especial
charge, and eight armed vessels were fit
ted out with the funds placed at his dis
posal. He was attentive also to the con
dition of North Carolina, then djrefully
distracted with civil wars, and menaced
also by the common enemy ; gunpowder
and other munitions of war w'ere pent by
him at his own expense, but re-imbursed
afterwards by Congress, to supply the ex
igencies of the republican troops in that
nart cf the country. He had the satisfac-1
. m n
tion of being present during all the debate
on the question deciafingjlndependence,
and of voting in favor of the instant adop
tion of that imperishable manifesto which
has made the 4th of July a jubilee lor this
nation. In voting on this side he acted
in accordance with a resolution passed by
the North Carolina convention, ort the 22d
of April preceding, empowering the dele
gates from that COlOny j vuuuur
those- of the other colonies in declaring in
dependency." : ' j -!--? -North
Carolina had thus the merit of
being the first one of the, colonies which
Openly declared in favor ol throwing off
all connection with G reat SrUaik a spi
rited and manietermina
titles the leading men of that state to dis
tinfrnished praise. Mr. Hewes, by ms in-
defatible exertions in the; equipment of
u- i-i-?nrmnmentas welhak by :lhei
. - t" ' ". - '"1 ? Vl nli!V li"; VOfl lrt
fearless constancy wuu: vmv Mj
voaindependence, hadauiredf to: a1
very ' great f degree, - the esteem) ; and, re
spect of the people whom; he represen-
ted. Infthe beginning ot me ycari,
therefore, he was again chosen a delegate,
. . . KOEISv,. Do- THIS, AJTO LiBEKTT
Gcn'l. Harrison. . .
. V- r -a i
with; such powers "as to makb whatever
he and his colleagues might do m on
cress oblisatorv on every inhabitant of
the state.. .
Mr. Hewes, however, "did not accept
this appointment. He left to his colleague
the tour of duty in Congress, and devoted
himself to his private affairs, and, to the
benefit of his state at home, during the
greater part of that year and j the whole
of the next, nor did he resume his seat un
til the month of July, 1779. He was at
this time in very ill health, his constitution
had been totally broken down, and he
was able to give little more assistance to
the public councils of the nation. His end
was rapidly approaching; the last vote
given by him in Congress was on 29th of
October, after which he was wholly con
fined to his chamber until the 10th of No
vember, when he expired, in , the fiftieth
year of his age. ?
On the day of his death, Congress be
ing informed of the event, and of the in
tention; oi his friends to inter his remains
on the following day, resolved that they
would attend the funeral with a crape
round the left arm, and continue in mourn
ing for the space of one month, that a
committee should be appointed to super
intend the ceremony, the Rev. Mr. White,
their chaplain, should officiate on the oc
casion, and that invitations should be sent
to the general assembly, and the-president
and supreme executive council of Penn
sylvania, the minister plenipotentiary of
France, and other persons of distinction.
The funeral ceremonies were accord
ingly conducted with all the pomp and
display which the simple, manners and so
briety bf temper then prevalent in Phila
delphia would admit. A large concourse
of people, including all the distinguished
personages, civil and military, witnessed
the interment of his remains in the burial
ground of Christ Church, and the outward
show of respect to his memory was not in
this instance forced or insincere.
Mr. Hewes possessed a prepossessing
figure and countenance, with great ame
nity of manners, and an unblemished re
putation for probity and honor. He left
a considerable fortune, but no children to
inherit it
His death maybe called untimely, when
we reflect on the brighter prOspectsthat
soon! after opened oft the country to whose
happiness he devoted himself with so much
zeal, prospects in which he would have
found a cause of infinite gratitude and
joy but in other respects his end was
more seasonable than that of some of his
compatriots who lived to endure old age,
infirmity and want ; he was taken in the
meridian of his usefulness, but not before
he had performed enough of service to this
nation1 to entitle him to her enduring and
grateful recollection.
Emigrants to Oregon. The St. Louis
New Era says that two companies were to
leave Independence or the Uregon on me
20th of this month. . They numbered one
thousand. Another point on the river,
there were 35 wagons ready to start, and
at St. Joseph's 220 wagons. Lieut. Ere
mont was about to start on another ex
plormg expedition beyond the mountains,
and' one hundred and fifty young men were
at Independence engaged to go with him.
They were furnished with mules and e
quipped for their journey. The Era says
that the rush of emigrants beyond the
Rbeky Mountains will be very great, those
who expect to join the company should !
repair to the lrontier immeuiateiy. 1 ne
companies are very particular to preserve
the character of the expedition. , No per
son is permitted to join an emigrating un
til he has undergone an examination, and
if he be a criminal, a refugee from justice,
or a man of infamous character, he is ex
cluded. i
A enmnanv of Oresron emigrants left
Sangamon Cp., 111., on the 1st of April.
They numbered forty-seven persons, old
and young had sixteen wagons with ox
teams, and quite a number of young cat
tle, aiid were said to be substantial far
mers.
iflihle burnimr in this City. About two
I weeks ago an apprentice in the family of
t l .ii- 1 1 . t
a Uerman uatnouc oassei. iuanci, m w
lancyi street, a lew doors from Ludlow str.
was deprived of three Bibles, one after
another, which tvere cast into tlie fire.-
The last one was rescued from destruction
by a stranger who happened to witness
This is a fact Americans,
are you prepared to give up your liibles
to the names 1 percuaiico
Bibles? -.-Shall these things be tamely tol
erated for the interest of politicians? .
, I . - - . . New, York Paper.. -;
' When a man despises. ahd dete'sts his
(ellow creatures, he necessarily assumes
that he is much better than the rest oi, me
- 1 world-
,NEW.: SERIES,
; X-TTArRPl?
- '&VMDbili
.... .. . .
3, OP VOLUME II.
From! the If ew York Exprea.
THE NAVY OF THE. U. STATES &
'i-;EXGI'ND,.T..h-vu-,
England is turning lier attention to" hef
marine and other improvement of Tier ves--
sels by all the appliances of .skill and
science, and to the promotion and encour
agemcnt of-her sailors, by recounting and
adorning all the glories of her naval tri-
umphs. The Lords ot the Admiralty are
making experiments in the construction
and management of vessels, and for the
improvement of the docks and arsenals.
In short, England with a jealousy of eve
ry powerful nation, and an especial jeal
ousy of the United States and Francc,r
but not so much against the UniteufStates
on account of the pumber of our vessels,
as their beautiful models is turning her
attention thoroughly to the improvement
of her marine.
There are no bills passed with so much
reluctance in an American Congress as
those whichj make provision for the de
fences of thecountry. Just the reverse
is true in England, France, and every
in Europe. It is nut in the spirit of our
institutions to keep up showy establish
ments upon ocean or land, but we ought
to remember,, or at least they who are
more belligerent than we are, that.xvdr is
not to be carried on without the necessary
means to prosecute it. Money may be
sinews of war, but with appropriating it
to the means of defence, it is of but little
value. We say this with particular refer
ence to-the Congress not long since ad
journed. We saw there a body of men,
the majority of whom, from the tenor of
theif high sounding speeches, one might
suppose to be descended from Mars or
Jove, or some oiher great deity. Not Ca
sar, Alexander, Hannibal, Buonaparte, or
all the great gods of war since the world
began, were so full of war as the domi
nant nartv in Comrress.and vet these blus-
i. 1 1 .u 1 i
terers iailed to make even the usual ap-
propnations lor the detence ot the couni
try. Loco Focoism is equally brave now j
-brave enough, indeed, to breakfast upon
Tlfo-jil HinA nnnn Jnhn Knil. snn unon
JLIIUbll) V A v mliwii J 1
Mexico, and sleep UDon victory. And
what are the means left by the Loco Foco
wisdom of Congress to accomplish these
agreeable pastimes ? Two years since,
Congress, we believe by a solemn enact
ment, authorised the sale of the rubbish
in our Navy Yards, to aid in the equip
ment of some of pur public vessels. Since
T I B "
then, as before then, in no one instance
have' the recommendation of the head of i
the Navy Department been acquiesced in
by Congress. Great Britain has fifty-j our
steam vessels in commission, and the Uni
ted States have four, and but one or two
of these lire in good condition. Great
Britain has forty-six vessels builditTg and
in ordinary, and we have about one-fourth
as many. Thirty thousand horse power
is the steam force of Great Britain, and
ours combined is not much above that of
the tea-kettles in the kitchens of N. York.
The naval force of Great Britain has gone
up, since 1835 3C, from 26,500 to 30,000
men, and 4,000 in addition have just been
asked and granted by Parliament. Our
Secretary of the Navy, (Mr. Mason,) en
treated Congress for nine millions and
nearly a half, and got six millions three
hundred and fifty thousand dollars, while
the organ of the naval service in Jthe
House of Commons asks that 36,000 may
be made 40,000, and his request is grant
ed in a single session. Now, then, com
pare the navy list of Great Britain with
our own. We have, all told, about seven
ty vessels, and some of them as worthless
as a bottomless tub. England has 20 three
deck ships, 58 of two decks, of from 74 to
00 guns, 74 frigates, 8 corvettes, C5 sloops,
48 brigi, 14 surveying vessels and three
yachts. - -' - - ; , ' - . .
This is the actual force, but in addition
most of the merchant steamers employed
in Great Britain, are so' constructed that
they could easily be made available to the
Government for. harbor or other-defence,
in case of actual invasion. The wages of
seamen in England is less than is paid in
the United States, and yet for wages alone
more is expended than y upon every part
and parcel of our Navy, v An equal a-
tnr Ymnrf than : a. million and a
ouarter sterling,) has just been appropri
ated focihe construction lor, ana repair 01
the shins of the British Navy. In seven
years Great Britain has expended forty:
five millions of pounds - upon the Navy,
and since the peace, two hundred millions!
The appropriations for the British Navy,
h nrPSPnt vear.will be 6,900,000 1 more
sovereigns upon.tue iiiwu umu ?
upon our own.
-; - -v.".
4 ;
... If we should make a comparison with
Francc,though"not so unfavorablc.it would ;
be altogether against us. - There are about
one hundred steam vessels, which may at
any moment, be armed. -There are four
frigates andonepr
five smaller steam vessels of C guns ea ch,
and more than this number of from 4 to 0 ,
guns. ; Of seventeen trans-Atlantic steam-!
ships, thiriteeh may be used as cor vetted
r While wetakeAriopIeasure a making T
these comparisons', we do not regret that
the facts are as we state them. We should
be veiy sorry to see jxii American Navy of .
forty thousand men put on board of two -hundred
and fifty sail .bf vessels, and all
equipped at 1 ah ahn Irom
thirty to-fbrty" millions V of dollars. We
have no ambition for an' such folly, no
more than we have" to go to war or to
prate about war, or to use threatening
language where mild words , and pacific .
negotiations WHlLaccbmpftsh a great deal
more. But if there is a war party in pow
er, determined to (ddT, as well as to say, it
becomes them to bluster less and act more.,
Those who are determined upon the last
resort, should count thcloss of liite ahdof:
property, and remember that with - two
great nations it is the same in war as in
peace, iou may negouaic Dciorc goiut
to war, for the settlement of any princi
pie at issue between nations, and you must
do it afterwards. No principle is settled
by war alone. . , ; "O
. ' mm i. mi i " ""! T . u i - V"
A GLANCE AT OUR " HOME " DE
PARTMENT. If we consider the indtridual wise-and pruB ,
dent who every where now and then pauses in
his career to examine his social, worldly, aud
moral condition, ahd, to'use a mercanlile phrase,
lake a "stock account" stf his business capital,
his social propensities, aud his moral habits, it
must De equally proper in ajiauumu jauo w.)
casional views of its position, in order that it
may improve hitherto ifeglccted. advantages,'
remedy errors and deficiencies, eradicate f)he;
wrong which may urmoticedbave crept infojtS
policy, and lend a helping hand to the spontan.
eous good which may be struggling into exis
tence. A fe w words, it hen, as to our national
pasition in these respects.'-,rv. !JV 'i
One peculiar advantage in our position as a
nation is the vast extent of our hitherto unculti
vated soil, and the generous return which a very
large portion of our land, when cultivated, makes
to the jndustrjf and the skill of the cultivator.:
With respect fo Dread Stuffs, it is evident that
the amount of their produce will be bounded by
the demand for home consumption and for such
! additional quantity as jcanlbo disposed of ad.;
vantageously to other, countries. 7- e, on j aa
average, raise at least an adequate amount for
these purposes. SSo more lano, mereiore, 1:
waUe(J fr thelr grohat present. Of Co
these purposes. - JNo more lanoy inereiore, is
ion, Rice, and Tobacco wo probably raise as
much as'we need for home consumption and
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for cattle, of pasture land forcattlo, and ot land
for gardens, orchards ana nurseries .. t -The
demand both at home and abroad for our
Sugar is increasing, and probably will increase;
but the land adapted to the growth of the Su .
gar cane is fouud only withhTa limited portion
of the Union. Wo have imported annually of'
Hemp, upoaan average of five years, 3,400 tons;
at a cost of $483,000 and-ive have, daring the
same period, imported -an annual amount ot
$1,350,000 ofartic lcs manufactured from hemp,
much of which we might nroduce at hone, and v
'bus bri ,)
hie tracts of unimproved land by the growth of
the raw. material. The sameto a consiaera
ble extent, may be said of Flax, and SiJr, and
Wool, attention the manufacture of which would
increase the demand Tor the raw materials and
cause the employment of morejand in the pro
duction of them. , - jL " M
There are a- great numbej of valuable pro
ducts which we have hitterto not attended to,
for which we pay largo amounts annually, whichi
we might raise trora our own sou, noi oniy lor
homij. consumption but lor exportation, and thus
encourage domestic industry and skill,' and de
velop the resources of our country. ' ' " '
Dyer's Madder is one of, these article.
Our printed documents giveJis no informatbn.
respecting the amount ot madder which is imJ
ported. Mr. Kllswortii estimates ine amount
" at 5,000 tons, which, at the low price, of ten
cents per pound, makes the sum of one million
of dollars paid annually to foreign countries for
an article that can be produced. as gixnl and:
cheap at horac.,V (See pago 311 of the last:
Patent Office Report,) An-acre of land will
produce from 2,000 to 3,000 pounds weight of
madder ; thus employment might be given for
four thousand acres of our uncultivated territo.
ry and forli large amount of our labor and cap.
ital, even to supplyour home consumption. ;
Indigo is another article which might be ad.
vantagsously cultivated. Our annual importa.
lions are about 530 tons, costing nearly 8 l,000r
000. Air. Ellsworth says indigo was for-,
merlyan article of export from the U. States,?
ii,at it m a croo to which the atten
tion of portions of lhes Southe rn country, may i,i
yet be profitably directed, as . it formerly was,
e U. .... nrJiictinn f nftftn.' 'There is ; i
1 rut 11 iuc vsi'c,w,uv" " ,
no doubt that Wood, Sumach, and other plants
used as rooraanis anu uj, miguio -uw.sss-r.,lU
n,l nrnfit.ihlv cultivated in various parts
it f..J Oo.'.r At. ..An U tfrl
or toe unuea oiaies.1- uo. ,
that the ripe seed of Vie Okra plant burnt and :
k rlTt rannol be' dUtinguished there
romVand that many personrof the most faslidi
ous tastes nave noi wen wc w.vuuou'
from the best Javav" 1 Now, if there be, even "
any approximation to this assertion, we bave
an abundant source ol employment for much of
our uncultivated land, for -our annual importa
tion of coffee is more, than one hundred and ten
millions-of pounds weight, costing us from eight.
millions to4en millions 1 qouars. A iie jh.ra - ,
plant ia .very easily1 cultivated, and "is adapted ! k
to me boii anucJimaic mn tji; jwjuuu v m
Union;-: r -v jV !. JC'v '.
fWe will mention 'bnllr one other subject in
connexion with this branch of our inquiry, and
that is the introduction of the Alpaca, or i'jrtt
vian Sheep into the mountains and highlands of .
v ircinia, itunu anu oumu --
gia.! r,This iubject has been ireaj u.m...
in the American Farmer and .alluded to. in Mr.
Eixs worth's report, and appears to be very
deserving of our attention.; The wool of thf
Alpaca enters largely into isnusa manuiaciurcs;
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