North Carolina Newspapers

" - ' ' -".-If " f ' ' ,'s - " " - . i ; - - .- - " - , ' -"..' - - ' . - - - v - - J -, r i -:-..- : - a - . ' - -. v . f S " - j . . ! . r -. . ,- - . v . . t . . , . , . " i , - ', ' : - : ; ; -r ' -: : : : ; : ; : " ' -f VDl'"Mtl , Dollars per-annum in advance. . i 'rtise mentis' friserte J at 8 per square for the first; , o-tvnta for kch subeequcnt insertion- Court Or 5c Saed 25 ent biSher, . - - ; a Jellttction of 'S3 J per cent, will be made V6 those .dfrtiae byyear. ' I it 4 T jGIVENESS. flow beautifully falls From human hps that blessed word.lbrgive esaj-L'ilis the attribute of God ' ITi sound hich openeth Heaven renews agairil. Art earth lost pQen fl laded bloom, and flings 5 s halcya halo o'er the waste of life j Thrice happj In the meek 'les whose heart has been bo schooled essons of humanity. That nc caij i4'fi " , imparts Cclfstiahgraptleur to the soul, -i.il. AoJ waketh matt an angel." loF SUCII I3 J HE KINGDOM OF HEAVEN." if A Blind old Mgger, with bis hat in hand, -I f Neglected By the busy passers by, " 1 : I noticed Bhyly at "corner stand, ' I V : With mokijurej falling from his sightless eye. A child carnal byj--a laughing little creature Wl joy and:' innocence in every feature, $ - . Supping PfyM gaily to an apple stand.- ghe tawthe leggar-nd, became less gay ; ' ,Then flungj the bit of silver in her hand , IoU the old mais hati and ran away ! ' ,r- - "II- - -FttOM" SOCIETY -ISLANDS;- A Uttor id published fn the Hartford s - -1 ... .ii . times! dated j jNIjarch 1 5th, which says that I fight .took j place between the French and the Natilrel, in which the fornter lost "four bandredllmjen, and the latter eighty. The same -letter, adds. the following intel- ' "There is fan array, of; Nativesi 8,000 strong in'sigh. They are waking- for wmernovemt nts of the English arid Amer icans, when tley wi il attack , th ej town, now"in V possession of AherFrench It is thought thaiftne Freoch, who are? much to blame fdrjidmihg here and starvine the .peaceaDie taeir towns. iWlll cet theVvvorst it. I was on shoi-q iyjesterday, hncj"vv jx great French soldiers "whoT were many 91 th6 ununded in the last. battle.- w Qtjeen rimire has left the isle and one to anoi jijrj j She Restrains the na tives of. the ikies for the. sake of peace, but th yi :wil jsdri rebel against, her or ders;, hey; arc- strong, arid will assit their brcthrisn td f ill jfie jslantjs of the; French "nsarned authority. . I .u The Brandy wine, and two English fri gates ire Mi illy, expected. "The- French: have a frign tp . and a steamer here, and the Eagjish liavje one steariier ; Jbut the Frerictnicri vv ill riot let her depart, because thejillnot Mute their flag. They have threatened tc iir into herif she did not." Some masicis expected between the Eng lish and Frenc h when an additional force arrivei." ;:.'jv, .u- , .. A rlorresp )nUeiit:of the Boston j'Atlas'r Vriting; from tI6hQlulu,and speaking of Oueeri romare, savs that recently the Trench Goyerapr Bruat sent the steamer Phaet6iv toEaiatea, : where she Vas,-'to. endeavor to Jnd lice her to return tolTahi- ti. But, as 'se had tjone on her first vis it ot t te"''stj ihor, she- retired into the mount tins, and would receive no message vUte 'erjrointhe Governor. iThb only terms i ipon v ijich she will ; consent? to re turn are, that Bfuat shall re-hoist her per sonal; flag, a hicli'fhe; had hauleU-fdawh, and reltbre t ) iter - the v jtroperty which he had cqnfisc4i e : Her; flag not being the nationii oh. ; i'vA. containing simply the emblem of h 2c sovereignty, she makes. jt i tine uua hon point of honor that it shall again ivave. She is a woman of strong sioAs;; So great is her abhorrence of aFrerichmari, IhaVif a soldier of that na- slightes' t confiulqnce in the faith of theXJo 1 Shl iecms determined to hp.vc Yernbr. m hqr cnt jre; sovereignty, or to lose it icr. AFFAIRS OF THE RIVEll PLATTE, A correspondent of the Journal of Com- jperce thus cirfimunicates the latest intel ligence anla fefier dated at Buenos Ayres oajuly:.; : . . J Thei Eniwliiii nml Frnnr.h Trinisf1frft- (signified ltd the Argentine Govern ment thy thkri : will be landed from the uadroM of kjjeir, respective countries off yVlfe:Hshi'and,'PrenchHroops, owijlobliy Gen. Oribe to retire from ye city J rind nt Argentines will noUwith rav 1 1 qrces. The two ministers Jsve alfepositvely declined allowing the kade'jpf jtho port of Montevideo by yeArgnSc-uadron. The Argentine wernmenp Myc requested the mediation f thelpb?trid d'Affkires of the United wateifMivUl Brent, Jr.) -who Accepted the English and French .Ministers flechned if, on the ground of his not being W eatin I nnlJ Mnnrl tliorj caorrtc in K Knf 1 I , T ""1 Redoubt bfiAheir'receivincr their nass- PrtJimmediatelv. ' . "The Argentine Governmentyill not allow E uropeali nations to regulate their Political affai anu, ir anven 10 me ne- tjhey ddlare that theyl will issue Jnyakers cdmmission against English rrench f hrimrnftrr'p ' wnnsn nre.sfint intention is to take! nossession of T" tanxrvit TUarfm fnirin nnrl KirtLrnrfA Portjor udhds Avres. which will nro- uenr.", tUnW4t killed! on Sunday night lastly grs about jthree miles Southf Hen w ist supposed that the negro was W03" ?"a44nad lain down across1 the gorieji to sleep, when the Cars feSWpnffi n the night, and he beirirr to f jcrtedtlie? apparatus attached there-' :wMfmWad;kiIle tew ' AnotHer sad warning to the in- Weigh Register. ; , v. 1 lion passes sh buries "z her; face on her feneesjj krid vll riot even look upon him. persuasion can induce her to vreTd the BRUNER; JAMES, -1 'Editors, Proprietors. it COST or and its INHUMANITY. i! v The Jine-onattle-ship Korth Carolina, which lies at Anchor in the harbor of New York, doubtlepas cost more money than all the donatjorls made to Yale College, and the entire; finds invested in its erec tion since the itf stitution'was founded.- What a. fruitful topic of reflection is AVar itsjam6r'aljziig influences, its flagrant waste of humanjlifevand its enormous ex penditure of ljiojiey, a direct: tax upon the toil of -the people ! j i :. LX: ; What has 1 ae College accomplished ? It has . filled ihfc Jand with educated men and scholars ji spread over every portion of thislt :lfnjon' learned Idivines law yers, physiciais scholars; statesmen It has given to the rising generation its in structors j to cbmmercc and the arts; men ;6f;inteHigencl;riid"l themost enlightened minds; to literature the purest andtl5fliest devotion ; arid -dif--fused over our jhole country an influence so extensive" njits ramifications; and so stupendous, in tfeir moral, social, political arid religious -elults, thatlhey are beyond the reach. of hitman computation. - " What hdtlie North Parol inaw battle-ship achieejdand what is it proposed she - shall accomplish r 'A-proud monu ment of-hurnai skillhe lies upon the bosom of the vVaters a useless engine of modern warfar. Garrisoned by nearly eight hundrepymen and officers, the cost for her suppoiJ.;in addition to the original outlay of' naljfj li'millloii, . is enormous. Well, when put d her legitimate usesTdoes she spread knrledg;e instead of diffusing ignorance r e ultjvate peace instead of dis cord carry of r the bosom of the ocean the blessings etffcivilization : oris her path stained Avith bldod ? These arenfiererbrief suggestions; pjich if amplified would fill volumes ; but ihey maj afford copious re flection for intelligent readers, who choose toj-un out theSilarallel. v : U ; Some rrionths since a Paixhan shell ex ploded accidentally in one of the streets of New3Tork I It instantly killed two or three iridividnlsi dreadfully " mutilated others, and ...sprfad horror and consterna tion over a pojilous neighborhood: The newspapers we're full of lamentations, and the pulpit deprepated theacwfiilconsequen ces of such a rrific explosion. But this destructive enmneof war only accomplish ed the purposefor which it was designed, and slaughterlLonly a fractional part of the numbejr itlwas intended to kill h Shins of war, Paixhan guns, and explosive shells are designed tomurder men by wholesale, but . when one s ;accideutally slaughtered by these terrificf implements, how long and loud are public lamentations. War is the device of corrupt and "perfidious, men -Peace the attribute of God. X rpr New Haven Paper. lie Never Speaks Kind to Me. Conver sing the other pay with -anJnteresting lit tle girrbctweeb the age of six and seven, I took occasiorl to impress upon her mind the debt of gratitude that was-due from her to her ownlfparent whom every body loves. ' I was perfectly thunderstruck with her answer. ; :Lopking,me full in the face with ner soft bu& eyes she replied, " He never speaks kind' to nie." Perhaps the Christian fathef, harrnssed with the cares oflife, wasuncdnscious that he had rough ly checked thefondattehtion of his child; pstrich Hurling in VI frica.'Yhc male ostrich generajly associates with from three to sevenl females, which air lay in Ihp same nest. !; He sits as wellas the fe males, arid generally at night, that he may defend the eggs from the attacks ofr the hyenas or dthei animals. y 'ou do hot mean to say that he can fight these ahirnals V "i And kill thfem also. The ostrich has two powerlul weapons; its wing, with which it has bepn often known to break aThunterV leg, jhe blow from it is so vio lent ; and whatlis more fatal, its foot with the1 toe of whictt it strikes and kills both animals and meh. I once myself, in Nam aqua Land, sawf a Bushman w ho had been struck on the cest by the foot of the ost rich; and it had! torn open his chest and stomach; so that his entrails were lying pn the ground; jj hardly need say that the poor wretch wa,s dead. it T Milrl n9irtlif lioira Anu"ifaH it " nr . served Alexander. , The Bushmfen skin the ostrich arid spread the skin! upon a" frame of wicker Kvork ; the, head i and neckare supported (by a stick thrustjthrough them. The skin they fix oa one:!of their sides, and carry the head and nejckjri one of their hands, while the other holds the bows and arrows. In this disguise, of course with the feather ed s'lde'of him presented to the bird or beast he would get near to he walks a long, pecking with the head at the bushes, and imitating. tlfe motions of , theostrich. By this stratagetjij lie very' often is enabled to get within sh(ot of the otherostriches. or theiquaggas IbrJ gnoosi which consort with" these birds.?' - .-4-.; I should like! to see that very much," said the Major. J : -7- " ,tt You would be surprised, at the close imitation as I have been.' I ought to have said a marr kllleuVby the male ostrich ; arid the natives say mat jt is rjyno means uncorn mori for them to! Irecei ve verv serious in- inryfMaiTuaA Scenes in Africa: - - - - - - MM - ! ' . . - VYAit that the Bushman whitens his ears wun ciay. it is, nowever, a .seryicei dahfirer. for Lhftf e asI- toldVoukriovvn - - : ' ".v a l ' muit vrwi iu iota, -, -jrw o.t - ,siw , xllleju. A CHECK TTFOS ;1U ,TOUX . IS, SAFE. -xrom ine i ationai intelligencer. CAPTAIN FREMONT'S ' SECOND EXPLORING EXPEDITION. V V. ,COSTISCED. kAugtUiYe find the iollowihg first nntiori :of the most degraded tribt of In dians yet discovered on our continent "the root-diggers : , . " ' ; ; We had now entered a country inhabited by these people ; and as 4n the courses of our voyage we shall frequently meet with thorn in various stages of existence, it will be well to inform you that scattered over the grea ; region west of the' Rocky Mountains and south of the Great Snake river, are numerous Indians whoso subsistence is almost solely derived from roots and seeds, and such ' small animals as ! chance and great good fortune sometimes brin within their reach. Thev arc miserablv Doori armed only with bows and arrows, or clubs; land as the country they inhabit is almost destitute of game; they have no means of obtaining better arms. la the northern part of the region just mentioned, they live generally in solitary fami lies ; and farther to the south; they are gather ed in villages. Those who live together in vil lages, strengthened by association, are! in ex elusive possession of the more genial ajid rich er parts of the country ; while the others are driven to the ruder mountains, and to the more hospitable parts of the country. But bjf simply observing, in accompanying us along oer road 3ou will become better acquainted with these people than we could make you in any other than a.vcry long description, and you t ill find them worthy of your interest. j that affords any nourishment, and every living animal thing, insect or worm, they eat. j Near ly approaching to the lower animal creation, their sole employment is to obtain foot! ; and they are constantly 'occupied in a struggle to support existence." - The rapid and wasteful destruction of the buffalo in these western wilderhesses has been often alluded to and lamented by travellers, yet the subject is of sojmuch importance that we cannot omit Captain Fremont's very sensible observation upon it. On August 30, in latitude 42 deg. 14 min. 22 sec. and longitude (about) ill2 A number of Indians came to visit us, and several men were sent to the village with goodi, tobacco, knives, cloth, vermilion, and the usual trinkets, to exchange for provisions. But they had no game of any kind ; and it was difficult to obtain any roots from .thenvas theyl were, miserably poor, and; had but llitle to spatlc from their winter stock of provisions. Several of the Indians drew aside their blankets, showing me their lean anl bony figures; and 1 1 would not any longe'r tempt them with a display, of our merchandise to part with their wretched subsis tence, when they gave as a reason that itj would expose. them to temporary starvation. 4 great pojlion of the region inhabited by this jnation formerly abounded in game ; the buffalo rang ing about in herds, as we had found themidn the eastern waters, and the plains dotted with scat tered bands of antelope ; but so rapidly j have they disappeared within a tew years, thajjnow, as we journeyed along, an occasional bMfFalo skull and a few wild antelope were all that re mained of the abuudance which had covetjqd the country with animal -lite.' i "The extraordinary Tapidily with which the buffalo is disappearing from our territories will not, appear surprising when we remember the great scale on which their destruction is Vcarly carried on. With inconsiderable exceptions, the business of the American trading posts is carried on in their skins ; every year the Indian villages make new lodges, Cot which the kin of the buffalo furnishes the material ; and ihi that portion of the country where they are stilljfpund, the Indians derive their entire support jfrom them, and slaughter them with a thoughtless and abominable extravagance. Like thq Indi ans themselves, they have been a characteristic of the Great West ; and as, likejhem, thby are visibly diminishingt.it will bo interestihg to throw a gtanceJbackward through the last'twcn- ty years, and give some account of their former distribution through the country, and the! limit of their western range. ; "The information is derived principally from Mr. Fitzpatrick, supported by my own personal knowledge and acquaintance with the cobntry. Our knowledge does not go farther back than the spring of 1824, ,at which time the liuffalo were spread in immense numbers over the Green river and Bear river valleys, and through all the country lying between the Colorado, or Green xiver of the Gulf of California, and Le w is's fork of the Columbia river ; the meHdian of Fort Hall then forming the western limit of their range. The buffalo then remained tor manv vears in that country, and frequentlyibov ed down -the. valley of the Columbia, onpboth sides of. the river, as far as the Fishing Falls. Below this point they never descended in! any numbers. About the year 1834 or 1835they began to diminish very rapidly, and continued to decrease until 1838 or 1840, when, witfi; the country we have just described they, enjixely abandoned all the waters of the Pacific north of Lewis's fork of the Columbia. At that Jime, the Flathead Indians were in the habit of&nd ing their buffalo on the heads of Salmon river, and other streams of the Columbia ; but Jnow they never meet with them farther, west jthan the three forks of the; Missouri or the plains of the Yellowstone river. " t " In the course of our journey it will oe re marked that the, buffalo have not so entirety a bandoned the waters of the Pacific, in the Rocky-mountain region south of the S weetJW a teras in the country north '6f the Great ass. This partial distribution can only ; beaccpi4ted lor in the great pastoral beauty of ; that country which bears marks of having been one of ffieir favorite haunts: arid bv the fact that the ivrjut hunters. have mnrk frenueritd the riSrthemlhah the southern fegiori if being riorthoTtheSfuthi ' Pass thalJthe hunteritrappersano; uers, pleasure, uuoui-.i .ouc.s w. have had their rendezvous for many years iistfi boffelt more enthusiasm when, from the heights continued to deepen as !eg; tv i??n Indians, and thev ' L. " : THIS; AKD LlBERTT 1 Geri Do N C., SEPTEMBER 27, 1845 the beaver and rich furs were taken; although the most, dangerous as well as the most profita ble hunting groUnd." -, : . -f ; i 1 f In that region lying between the. Green or Colorado river and the head waters of the Rio del Norte, over ')neYwjwhi KooyahWhilc atjid Grand rivers all of which are the waters 4)i the Coloradotho buffalo never extended so furto the westward as they did on the waters of the Columbia ;, and only in one or two in stances have they been known to descend as far wiest as the mouth of the White river. In tra velling through the country west of the Rocky Mouutains, observation readily led me to the inhpression that the buffalo had, for the first time, crossed that Tange to the waters of the Pacific orjly a few years prior to the period we are con sidering : and in this opinion I aim sustained by Mr. Fitzpatrick, and the older trappers in that j country. In the region west i of the Rocky i Mountains, we never meet with any of the an- j cient vestiges which, throughout all the country ) lying upon their i eastern waters, are found in 1 the great highways, continuous for hundreds of j miles, always seiieral inches and sometimes sev ejil feet in depth, which the buffalo have made in crossing from one river to another, or in tra versing the mountain ranges. The Snake In dians, more particularly those low down upon liewis's fork, have always been very grateful to tne American trappers, for the great kindness (as they frequently expressed it) which they did to Ihem, in driving the buffalo so low down the Columbia river. " "A ine extraoramary aounaance oi me ouua- U on the east side of the Rocky "Mountains, and their extraordinary diminution, will be made clearly evident frpm the following statement. I . ..tiy' At any time between the years 1824 and 183G, aj traveller mmht start from any given point south or north iri the Kocky mountain range, journeying by the most direct route to the Mis souri river; and,duringthe whole distance, his road , would be always among large bands of Buffalo, which would never be out of hid view Until he arrived almost within sight of the a ! bodes of civilization. 1 "At this time, the buffalo ocenpy but a veTy limited space, principally along the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains, somestimes ex tending at their southern extremity to a consid erable distance i;nto the plains between the Platte and Arkansas rivers, and along the eas tern base of the Rocky Mountains, sometimes extending at theirjsoutbern extremity to a con siderable distance! into the plains between the Platte and Arkansas rivers, and along the eas tern frontier of New Mexico as far south as Tex as. .I'"""" ! ".The following statement, which I owe to the kindness of Mr. Sanford, partner in the American Fur Company, will further illustrate tjhis subject, by extensive knowledge acquired during several years of travel through the regi ion inhabited bv the buffalo : ' " The total amount of robes annually traded- by our selves and others will not be found to differ much from the followiijg statement Robes. .70,000 .10,000 . 10,000 . 90,000 American Fur Company. . . . Hudson's Bay Company. . . . All other companies, probably. Making a total of.i as an average annual return for the last 8 or ten years. "1 '"In the northwest the Hudson's Bay Company, pur chase from the Indians but a very small number their duly market being Canada, to which the cost of trans J - i .1 7.. c .i r. . j : . : only wkhin a very recent period that they have received buffalo robes in trade!, and, out of the great number of buffalo annually killed throughout the extensive regions ikhabtied by the Camanchea and other kindred tribcs.no rbbes whatever are furnished for trade. During only four liionths of the year (from November until March) the skins are good for dressing ; those obtained in the remain ing eight months being valueless to traders, and the hides of Bulls are never taken off or dressed as robes at any stason. f Probably not more than one-third of the skins are taken from the animals killed, even when they are in gjood season, the labor of preparing and dressing the robes being very great, and it is seldom that a lodge tfades Jnore than twenty skins in a year. It is during the s jmnter months, and ;in the early part of autumn, that t;ie greatestnumber of buffalo are killed, and yet at this time a skin is never taken for the purpose of trade.' " From these data, which are certainly limi ted, and decidedly within bounds, the reader is left to draw his own inference of the immense number annuallyjjiilled. In 1842 I fotind the Sioux Indians of the t Doer Platte demontes. as their French traders expressed it, witli the failure of the buffalo, and in the following jear large villages from the Upper Missouri came over to the rnountains at th;e heads of the Platte in search of them. The rapidly progressive failure of their principal and almost their onlyirneans of subsistence has cre ated great alarm among them, and at this lime there are-only two modes presented to them by w hich they see a'r good prospect for escaping ; starvation; one of these is to rob the settle- j ments along the frontier ot the states ; and the j ration a very curious trail, and a very disagree otier is to form a league between the various j ble smell in stirring up the mud, as we sank a tribes of the Sioiix nation, the Cheyennes, and j bove the knee at every step. The water here Aj-apaboes, and m$ake war against the Crow na- j was still fresh, with only an insipid anddisagree- tidn, in order to take from them their country, which is now the Ibest buffalo country in tho YVjest. This plan, they have now in considera tion, and it would probably be a war of exter mination, as the Crows have long been advised of this state of affairs, and say that thejTare pe rfectly prepared. These are the best war riors in the Rocky Mountains, and are now al lied with the Snake Indians ; and it is probable that their combination would extend itself to the sUt ihs, who have long been engaged in war a gainst the Sioux. It is in this -ection of coun try that my observation formerly led me to re commend the establishment of a military post. "The further cpurso of our narrative will giVe fuller and more detailed information of the prrisent disposition! of the buffalo .in the country we visited." . . 'y ,.:j)a September 6, the party obtained the first vie w of tha object of their anxious search, the Great Salt Lake : t, LTbe waters of the Inland Sea, stretching in still and solitary grandeur far .beyond the limit of for Vision: " It was one of the great points of the exploration "j and, asve looked: eagerly over the lake in tho first .emotions "ot excited pleasure; I am doubtful-if the followers of BaU NEW; -SERIES, . virifT NUMBER" 22,:.OF, -VOLUME', n. great Western cceanT 1 Itjwas certainly a magi niceht object, and a' noble tcrmitwslo this part of our expedition ;"aiidlo, travellers so long shot up among riiountain ranges, a sudden f yie w ovef tne expanse ot silent waters had livit sometmng sublime. Several i large h Islands raised ' their high rocky heads out of the wares j- butwheth er or not they were timbered was still left to pur. imagination, as the distance: was too great to determine Jf.the darkTbucs upon theiri were woodland or naked rock. . During the jfaythe clouds had been gathering black over the moun tains to the. westward, and, while we were look ing, a storm burst down with sudden fury upon the lake, and entirely Hid the islands from our view." So far as we could see, along the shores there was not a solitary tree, and but little ap pearance of grass; and on Weber's fork, a few miles below our last jencampmetit, the timber was gathered into groves, and then disappeared ed entirely." . ' ' ' ' - The voyage ori the lake and thei preli minary anticipations are thus graphically described: . -;. '', - . A " With MK Preuss and myself, Carsn, Ber nicr, and Basil Lajeunesse, had been selected for the boat expedition the first ever attempt ed on this interior sea ; and Badeau, wijth Der osier, and Jacob (the colored man) were to be left in charge of the camp. Wo were favored with most (iolinrhtfiil 'al!i-r. rPn.nIfrl4l thpr was a brilliant sunset of golden orange and irreen. utih loft iKpvn.m el-v rfr anA i beautifully pure ; but clouds in the east made j tne lose an occutatiott. The summej- frogs j were singing aroUnd us, and the eveniftg was t very pleasant, with a temperature of GOder'. ' " " ' J I a ni?ht of a more southprn autiimn.- For our p s.mnrr we haA .,mml, t orrvootJv fl vored ot the roots, seasoned by a small fat duck, which had come in the way ot Jacob s rine. Around our fire to-night were many speeula tions on what to-morrow would bring forth, and in our busy conjectures we fancied that , we should find every one of the large islands a tan gled wilderness of trees and shrubbery!- teem ing with game of every description tpat the neighboring region afforded, and which the foot of a white man or Indian had never viola ted. Frequently during the day clouds had rested on the summits of their lctty mountains, and we believed that we should find clear streams and springs of fresh water; and we indulged in. anticipations ot the luxurious re pasts with which we were to indemnify our selves for past privations. Neither, in pur dis cussions, were the whirlpool and other myste rious dangers forgotten, which Indian and hun ter's stories attributed to this unexplored lake. mnn ..... . " hatot the preceding year, antly rode the canons of which had so triumphantly the Upper Great Platte,) our present boat was only pasted together in a very iusecore manner, the maker having been allowed so little lime-in the construction, that he was obliged to! crowd the labor of two months into several dys. The insecurity of the boat was. sensibly jfeh by us; and, mingled with the enthusiasm arid ex citement that we all felt at the prospect of an undertaking which had never before been ac complished, was a certain impression f dan ger, sufficient to give a serious character toour conversation. The momentary view which had been had of the lake the day before, its great extent and rugged islands, dimly seen amidst the dark waters in the obscurity of the sudden storm, were well calculated to heighten the idea ot unuchned danger with which tho lake was! generally associated. " September 8. A calm, clear day, vvith a sunrise temperature of 41. In view of our pre sent enterprise, a paff of the equipment of the boat had been made to consist in three air-tight bags, about three feet long, and capable each of containing five gallons. These had been filled with water the night before, and were now placed in the boat, with our blankets and instru ments, consisting of a sextant, telescope, spy glass, thermometer, and barometer. vnaeptcmoerv me oay was ciear anu ca.m; the thermometer at sunrise at 49. As is usual with the trappers on the eve of any enterprise, our people had made dreams, and theirs happen ed to be a bad one one which always preceded evil- and consequently they looked very gloomy this morning; but we hurried through our break--fast in order to make an early start, and have all day before us' for our adventure. The chan nel in a short distance became so shallow that our navigation was at an end, being merely a sheet of soft mud, with a few inches of water, and sometimes none at all, forming the low-water shore of the lake. All this place was absolute ly covered with flocks of screaming plover. We took oft our clothes, and getting overboard, com- menced dragging the boat -makingby this ope able taste, probably derived from the bed of fetid j mud. After proceeding in this way about a ; mile we came to a small black ridge on the bot j torn, beyond which the water became suddenly Psalt, beginning gradually to deepen, and the bottom was sandv and firm. It was a remark able division, separating the fresh water of the rivers from the briny water of the lake, which was entirely saturated with common salt.. Pushing our little vessel across the narrow boundary, we sprang on board, and at -length were afloat on the waters of the unknown sea: ! ' We did not steer for the mountainous is-, lands, but directed our course towards a lower inn rliti If ttorf lionn Acrtoi tra cKnttll first visit, the summit of which was formed like the crater at the upper end of Bear river valley. So long as we could touch the bottom with our paddles we were very gay but gradually, : as the water deepened, we became 'more; still in our frail; batteau of gurri" cloth distended with air and . with pasted seams. ' Although! the day was very calm there was a Considerable p11 on the lake i, arid there were white patches" of foam on tWsujface, wm'ch weire slowly moving to the southward, iridicating thpsetof curr rent in that direction; and recalling 'thei recol- Jectlonl of thftcwKirlnor-.l't tbries Thef' ;ater trcmcly beauiiful bright -green color; and the spray, which was .thrown into the boat and over our cloihts, was directly converted into a crust of 'common salt, which covered al-j cur hands and arms." Captain said Carson, who for some lime had been looking suspiciously at some whitening appearances' outside the near est islands, twhat arc those yonder? won't yo i just take a look with tho glass V We ceased paddling tor a'riioment, and tytind. them tobo the capsjof the waves that were -beginning to break under the force of a strong breeze uhat rwas coming up the lake. The frni of the boat seemeu to up an aamiraoie unv, umi iuuy mi the waves like a water-bird? but at the. samo time it. was cxtreraely s!ow in its progress.-- -When we , were - a little more than half way across the reach two of the divisions ; between , the .cylinders gave way, and it required tl istant use of tho bellows jo keep in a . sul - 1 i r ie con- jf fficicnt quantity of air. '. For a long time ' we scarcely seemed to approach our island, but gradually we Avorked across the rougher sea of the open t -channel into the smoother water under the ico of the island ; and began iordiscoycr that what we took for a longrow of pelicans ranged on y the beach were only low jcliflV whitened with -salt by the spray of the waves "ju&rid about nooa . we reached the shore; the transparency of tho -r water enabling us to see the bottom at a con siderable depth. J". - - ; "It was a handsome broad beach where we landed, Jbehirid which the jLill, into which the island was gathered, rose Isome what abruptly; and a point of rock at one end enclosed it in aT sheltering way ; and, as there was an; abund- ance of drift wood along the shore, it offered us ' a pleasant encampment, f ,W did not suffer our ingile boat to touch the sharp rocks ; :but, y getting overboard, discharged the4aggage;and v. lifting it gently out of thepvatercarried it to , the upper part of the beach; which is compos ed of very small fragments of rock'r-. - 1 . "Carrying with us the 'barometer arid other - V : instruments, in the afternoon we ascended tb J the highest point ofthe ,island--al,bare j-ocky l y peak, eight hundred feet above the lake- Stand.. vr - jng on tho summit; we enjoyed an extended cw f tho4ake, mountains, whicl enclosed in-a basin of rugged ' - f h sometimes left' rnarshy flats' . f J .... I and extensive bottoms between them "and lhe shore, and in other places came directly down into the water with bold and precipitous bluffs!. Following with our glasses thelrregular shores, A 5 - we searched for some; Jndicationsf a cotrimu- nication with other bodies "of water, or Uie i en-: trance of other rivers but lhc distance was 'sov ' great that we could make, out nothing with'cer- " " tainty. To the southward,' several j)eninsular - mountains, three or fourthousandjeet high, en- . A-" - ' tered tho lake, appearingso far a the distance -and our position enabled lis to determine, toI)e . connected by flats and owl ridges "with , the 1 mountains in the rear, i Although, these a ri ; ' probably the islands usually indicated on maps . of this region as entirely detached froni .the. shore, we have preferred to represent them, in the small map on the preceding page, precsc . ly as we were enabled to sketchthem on the ground, leaving their more complete delineation for a future survey. The; sketcpf which Hhe scale is nearly sixteen miles to'.an inch, Is jn- froduced only to show clearly the extent of ouir " Y operations, which, it will be remembered, were" made when the waters were at their lowest V stage. At theseason of hiab waters in th l spring, it is probable that all thcHria'rshes,andi-"' " i 1 1 h 117 rriAinnd n a wnrflA I T b ' lbe kf .considerably g reater. In several pla- ces (which wiU be indicated to you in the sketch t uy mo aosence oi me ooroermg mountains; int? view was of unlimited extent here and .thcre a rocky islet appearing above thepwater ata great distance ; and beyond, cyerj-things was' vague and undefined. As we looked over the vast expanse of water spread out beneath us, and strained our eyes along the silent ;$bore; over which hung so'much doubt and oncerta in ty, and which were so full of interest1 to us,"X could hardly repress the almpff imJ.slsjibld dc sire to continue our exploration ; but the length. ening snow on the mountains was a' plain iridic'-' cation of the advancing jseason,'and our fiail r ! linen boat appeared so insecure that I was un willing to trust our lives to theTihcertainties-or the lake. I the'refore uh willingly -resolved to termuiate our survey here, and remain satisfied f for the present' with whajj we had been able to add to the unknown geography of theregiori.- , We felt pleasure also in remembering 'that vo ; were the first who, in the 'traditionary annals of the country, had visited the islands, and broken; , with the cheerful sound f human voices; the; long solitude of the 'place. T 'Frorir the ; point V where we were standing the "ground fell off"ouf every side to the water, giving us a perfect vicjv,;j of the island, which is twelve or thirteen miles! v J in circumference, being etmply'a rocky hill, on 7 A l thprn . ...... i10P:tWq.ftr nnv Li iiM." j shores, lay down tor the irst- lime in a long - journey in perfect security), no one thinking a- : V I boutjiis arms. Tho veniriwas extremely j bright and pleasant; but the wind rose during'? j the night, and the waves began to break hea "y ! vily on the shoier making iMir-island tremble, r r r I had not expected in our island journey to hear' ' the roar of an ocean surf;!and the strangeness of our situationand the excitement, we felt in K the associated interest of the place, made' 'this J one of the rnosti interesting Bights I remember during our long expedition." x : : -The following brief but significant ob- : servatioris occur on the 13th and 14th of ' September, when the t expedition was in - latitude"41 deg42 rnin. 42 sec:,' and. Ion- gitude 112 deg." 05 miii. '12 .sec.": 7. hunger making them very quiet and peaceable; arid the re was rareiyan oam 10 xjonearu mine, r knrriWl arid tho rrnn W9 fired at ' evening, to. ....... J . ;. . ... . . .. - ' . " At sunset, the temperature was 70. .Wo i? " bad arrived just in time .to obtain a' meridian , ' ' altitude of the 6un, and-, other observations . were jobtained' this evening, , which pjace .our camp1 in ' latitude 41 iw 42'amlJonglhudo " 112 21"03, from Greeriwichlrom t a dis- , cussion of the barometrlcar obsenatioris mado during our stay on the shores of the lake wo have adopted 4,200 feet fojf its elevation abovew the Gulf of j Mexico. InY ;lhoTfirsf ;disappoint. ''-v ment' we felt from the dissipation of our arearh i, of the fertile-islands, I calSed this Disappoint ment Island. . "'' - . - r y t " Out of the drift woodgve . made ourselyjj -j -pleasant little lodges, open to the -water, and,, j" after having kindled f largefires toeicite the wonder of , a;ny straggling jsavage-on tbe , fake A camp not even a 6oTittLry,enfaM degracg. It .j. Was tinie for the raeri; with an expected , supply i of nrovisioris frbrii'Titipatrick lo be ini the neigh-'" . give thetn notice of our.localitvTbut with no re. ' f , tsppnse- v . V V.:. " -i v, . . - . y September 14. "l ho peopio juis- ciiiu- . -f-jj-j -1- v. T -rr-vn fifm nermlssion 'fr " luunru u mjiiuju uwt t i,1 ........ r- . r horse w hich I bad purchased - .is.. 4 - -a arid from that section also' the great porUon of "of ihc Andes, they aw-for tne first, time tHOpccommg almost transparent Vty, r J " , ? 1 j. .... 1. V- ." m