' I : i '
ii--. .-.! rf ,
1
i
i
i
ii
4
i
J
hi
,im?Lr yeUr.Two Dollars payable in
fx f niUiJ' i dvance . Two dollar,
1
of flic Watchman.
riDENT'S MESSAGE.
CuNCIXDED.
i 1
r;Uite the early attention of Congress
V" present condition of our citizens in
H i Under our treaty with that Pow
V'JLtieaii citizens are withdrawn from
'idriiction, whether civil or criminal.
T.U Chinese Government, and! placed
U that of oar public
functionaries in
. ..... II i tViocc ftlnn nnn niir cit-
nsVVifd and1 punished for the com-
J .. - .
4 . - , : ;
! ' I' ' i .' ' - . . , "r- I-';;..'' A V. ; :
j : . 1 i K, ; ;
BRUffER & JAMES. f ssr r ,
EdLrs 4- Proprietor. " K"? A 7 ALL Tor N'T
Do THIS, AJTD LrBEXTT IS SAFK.'
Gen'l. Harriton.
MW SERIES,
NUMBER 34, OF VOLUME IV.
SALISBURY, N. C:, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 23, 1847.
ring the five months under the.1 act of 1842,
this amount Received from customs was
seven million eight hundred and fortv-two
riby,these alone1 can contracts jbe en- ard ninety dents, and during th
Led into whiclriliey may have entered months under the act of 1840 the
5 the citizens of subjects of foreign 1 received wasfifteen million nine
fnfil Congress; shall establish competent
Jnbo4p'"o try. an punish crimes and to
fjfrcivt jtjnsucrionm civil cases in uni
(mrican citizens there are subject lo
it. s ii : ,
Wlavy iNvhaiever. I urirnes may be com
.Afanv'; crime :
" K Anr idpil between tuetn in
i he lights of person and property; ; thousand three hundred and six dollars
uu iniici ucuis, nun mui 111 me seven
amount
hundred
?oCli. - Tho? merchant vessels of the ; a"d five thousand five hundred arid fifty.
rJit-ffetatcs hing in the waters of the seven dollarsjand sevenfy-six cents.
?vc nt)r' of Chinaj bpen to foreign com- The nett revenue from customs during
rck?e un ler the exclusive jurisdic- the year endihg op the 1st of December,
fcHcers of their own Government, i 1846. being the last year under the ope
ration of the tanli act of 1842, was twen
two million nine hundred and seventy-one
thousand fou hundred and three dollars
and ten cents; and the nett revenue from
customs during the year ending on the
jijtifd vitii iirjpunjjty, and debts maybe first of December, 1847, being the first
(onUaC'fd wihouta;ny means to enforce 'ear under the operation of the tariff act
.pljrnenti Inconveniences have ab of 1840, was bout thirty-one million five
t3;r!e,sultcd "rorrirjhe omission of Con-I hundred thousand dollars; being an in-'
Orfi'jf); legislate $pon the subject, and j crease of revehue for the first year under
Wr nr apprehended. The lirit- the tariff act of 184G of more than eight
ialhf)ritie ih China have already com-' tnijlian five hundred thousand dollars over
pnfiTfhatjthls Government has nbt pro- j that of the yeir'under the tariffof 1842.
MH 100 punishment of crimes or the j The expenditures during the fiscal year
HTofcemerit'oflconiracts against Ameri-; ending on the 30th of June last werefifty-
Citizens in jiiiatj country, Whilst nieirj1" ;mmuu iyur nuuureu anu imy-one
jovcrnmerit has established tribunals by ' thousand one hundred and seventy-seven
heh'an-Amehcart citizen can recover sixiy-uve cents ; 01 wnicu
mree mmion uye nunureu anu tvventy-iwo
dollars and thirty-seven cents was on ac
count of payment of principal and inter
est of the debit) including Treasury notes
redeemed andjriot founded. The expen
ditures, exclusive of payment of public
debt, were fifllive million nine hundred
and twenty-nine thousand and ninety-five
ran American: citizen would be rig- i sonars and twenty-eight cents.
rtaly exacted. Indeed, the cons.kjuen- j " s esumaiea mai tne receipts into tne
rsmiglir be fafal bl American citizens in ! Treasury for the fiscalfyear ending onjthc
anashould a llafjriant crime be commit- j Jth ot June, 1840, including the balance
i by any; one of hjfm upon a. Chinese,
alihould trial and punishment not fol
T,.accordij)g to ti( requisitions of the
-.tif. iThis niiglit'djsfurb, if not destroy
;rfripntlly rel'ationsfwith that empire,
LiJciUfin an iijterrlmtion of our valuable
r. i.--,. 1 u i
Accustomed as thejChinese arc to sum
rary justice they could not be made to
jmrr jfic why cHpinals tbo are citi
fnsof llie : United jSjates shonld r!so,pe
viihlnijjunil', In violation of treafl obli-
tliofls. vvliilst ;the punishment ol a Chi-
a1 a;i 1 '
rt. who had committeu any crime a
onmerCe
in the Treasufyl on the 1st of July last,
will amount to torty-twomilhon eight hun
dred and eighty-six thousand five hundred
and forty-fivei dollars and eighty cents;
of which !hirty-bne million, it is estimated
will be derived from customs ; three mill
ion five hundred thousand from the sale
of the public lands; four hundred thou
sand from incidental sources, including
Our treaties with hciublime Porte,
'w)lh Tunis'. Afordcco. and Muscat, also
Vethelegislatidnbf Congress to carry maue yjinf ooucuor 01 tne 1 reas-
m into e xecthion; tliough the necessity
1 immediate inctibrt. may not be so ur-
Ist as in regard to Qhina.
iW Secretary of State has subrpitted
jfst imtto . ojefraV the expense of ppen-
; diplomatic rebuions with the J'apal
I'fiy The interesting political events'
1 In progress n these States, a.s well
fi just' regard toiour commercial inter-
slave,n my. opinion, rendered Such a
iure Mghly expedient. i
Estimatesj have also been submitted for
outlets and salaries of charges d'af-
Wto-the Itepublics of Bolivia, Guata
ia.and Ecundor!. The manifest irn-
ahtfe;of cultivaling the most friendly
4;ionsjvnn an me muepenuent states
tHi continentlhas induced me to re-
"mmtn(j apprppriiiti6ns necessary for the
L . . . 1 . i ' O .I" 1
amipnance oi tnesq
1 i-iX. r.
missions.
I
J fcflmmenci to (C nsress! that an an-
ppj4aMbn be madelto be,, paid to the
pnjish Government) for the purpose of
slrif)U!jjpn nnion the claimants in the
WsiHdjcaser 1 entertain the conviction
AUhis is duo to iSpkin -under the treaty
he Hvent let hl-of October, 1795 ; and
rorfover that, from the earnest manner
: iiich the claim continues to be ureed.
1 long its it si
source' of
all remain unsettled it w'ill
irritation and discord be-
tyntlic two countries, which mav nrove
;'y prejudicial tojthc interests of the
Mf (I plates.' Gpoil policy, no less than
'wirul comhiiancci with our treaty ob- 1
HionS, requires ith it the inconsiderable
ir.. A ' I'fii lilt 1
h'pnaiion iJeman I snoumeu oc maue.
Adrthijed iitatem 'ht of the condition
fitiancei wi)l e. presented in the
wnunlfVport bf the .Secretary of the Trea-
r.; ibc jmportt for the lastgfiscal year.
pi Jun1, to , were qi
ury ; ana six million two hundred and
eighty five thousand two hundred and
ninety four dollars and fifty five cents from
loans already authorized by law, which,
together with the balance in the Treasu
ry on the first -of July last, make the sum
estimated. I
The expenditures for the same period,
if peace with Mexico shall not be conclu
ded, and the army shall be increased as
is proposed, ill amount, including the
necessary payrnents on account of princi
pal and interest of the public debt and
Treasury note!, to fifty eight million six
hundred and fifteen thousand six hundred
and sixty dollars and seven cents.
On the first )f the present month, the
amount of the, public debt actually incur
red, includmgji reasury notes, was forty
five millions sux hundred and fifty nine
thousand six Hundred and fifty nine dol
lars and forty cents. The public debt "due
on te 4th ot March, 1845, including Trea
sury notes, was seventeen millions seven
hundred and eighty eight thousand s?ven
hundred and ninety nine dollars and sixty
two cents; and cbnsequently the addition
made to the public debt since that time is
twenty seven millions eighty hundred and
sevpnty thousand eight hundred arid fifty
nine dollars and seventy eight cents.
Of the loari of twenty three millions,
authorized by the act of the twenty eighth
of January, 1$47; the sum of five millions
was paid outltolthe public creditors, or
exchanged atf paf for specie ; the remain
estimated that a further loan of twenty
millions five hundred th
will be required for the fiscal year ending
on that day, in case no duty be imposed
on tea and coffee, and the public lands be
not reduced and graduated in price, and
no military contributions shall be collected
in Mexico. If the duty on tea and coffee
be imposed, and the lands be reduced and
graduated in price; as proposed, the loan
may be reduced to seventeen millions of
dollars, and will be subject to be still fur
ther reduced by the amount of the mili
tary contributions which may be collected
in Mexico. It is not proposed, however,
at present, to ask Congress for authority
to negotiate this loan for the next fiscal
year, as it is hoped that the loan asked for
the remainder of the present fiscal year,
aided by military contributions which may
be collected in Mexico, may be sufficient.
If. contrary to my expectation, there should
be a necessity for it, the fact will be com j
municated to Congress in time for their j
action during the present session. In no
event will a sum exceeding six millions
of dollars of this amount be needed before j
the meeting of the session of Congress in
December, 1848.
The act of the 30th of July, 1846, " re
ducing the duties on imports," has been in
force since the first of December last ; and
I am gratified to state that all the benefi
cial effects which were anticipated from
its operation have been fully realized. The
public revenue derived from customs du
ring the year ending on the first of Decem
ber 1847, exceeds by more than eight mil
lions of dollars the amount received in the
preceding year under the operation of the
act of 1842, which was superseded and
repealed by it. Its effects are visible in
the great and almost unexampled prospe
rity which prevails in every branch of bu
siness. While the repeal of the prohibitory and
restrictive duties otthe act of 1842. and
the substitution in their place of reasona
ble revenue rates levied on articles ini
ported according to their actual value,
has increased the revenue and augmented
our foreign trade, all the great interests of
the country have been advanced and pro
moted. The great and important interests of
agriculture which had not only too much
neglected, but actually taxed under the
protective policy for the benefit of other
interests, have been relieved of the bur
dens which that policy imposed on them;
and our farmers and planters, under a
more just and liberal commercial policy,
are finding new and profitable markets
abroad for their augmented products.
Our commerce is rapioly increasing,
and is extending more widely the circle
of international exchanges. Great as has
been the increase of our imports during
the past year, our exports of domestic pro
ducts sold in foreign markets have been
still greater.
Our navigating interest is eminently
prosperous. The number of vessels built
m the United States has been greater than
gain be subject to be injuriously disturbed,
as they have heretofore been, by frequent
and some times sudden changes.
For the purpose of incresing the reven
aher the Indian title shall lare I::
If the right of pre-emption Le thus cr
it will embrace a large ami meritori
of our ciiizent. It will increase th? t
mall freeholders upon our border?,
be enabled, thereby to educate their c
and otherwise improre their ronJ!:I
ihey will be found at all timei, as 11
erer prored themselres lo be, in thrt
danger to their country, amon our '
and best volunteer soldier, ever rer.i
der their services in cases of emerp '
among the last to leare the field as J
enemjr remains lo be encounlercj. ;
Hjcy will alo impres these patriotic j
Tmiranis with deeper feelings of prati
the parental care of their Gore rnrn : '
ihey find their dearest interests srcurr l 1
by the permanent laws of the land, an 1 1
are no longer in danger of losing the
ir
does, all dues to the Government to be
paid in gold and silver, Ms effect is to re
strain excessive issues of ibank paper by
the banks disnronortioned to the specie in
ue, and without changing or modifying ! their vaults, for the reason that they are
U n n , : II - r t c 1 rt I'll :n .. . 0
1 un rtirs I in in if-"ii 1 1 v I r l mim ni nan nn ill nil l l niMV .in 0 in ru a a in rt Tha 1 - wl ho - .1 - .
the dutiable articles embraced by its pro- j holders of their notes for their redemption, I into competition with a more ueahhv c
visions, I again recommend to your favor- ; in order to obtain specie for the pavment purchasers at ihe land sales. 5
j able consideration the expediency of levy- of duties and other public dues. The I The attention of Congress was i n
ing a revenue duty on tea and cottee. 1 he i oanks, tneretore, must keep their business : ine,r ,a" ana ,D preceding session, t
policy which exempted these articles from within prudent limits, and be always in a ! Portace of establishing a Territorial ('
duty during peace, and when the revenue j condition to meet such calls, or run the i me.nl OVPr our Pesions in Oregon ; .
to be derived from thorn w nnf hppiI I hazard of heint? mfnrwiul cnvn.n,! oe rrgreuea inai mere was my c-i
V -" tii IIWV II VVJ V i O wIMVIIVU w WU.7M VB Jv
ceases to exist vvhpn the rnnnti-v in(r. cie navments. and b iKl-oKr ArAtA ! ,ne 8Urci. uur ciuzens wnoinhat,,!
" ----- MfWMISVI V I J 1. U V Ul JV I I l II V U i ' . m
ged in war, and requires the use of all its The amount of specie imported into the ! L" j "l?' 7 Cour are ,lul ,cU
available resources. It is a tax which would r United States during the last fiscal year ! ue io:?,
oe so generally amused among the people i was twenty lour million one hundred and and boundaries of the Territory of Ore
that it would be felt oppressively by none, ; twenty one thousand tvyo hundred and . definitively settled, from the necessity'
and be complained of by none. It is be
lieved that there are not, in the list of im
ported articles, any which are more pro
perly the subject of war duties than tea
and coffee.
It is estimated that three millions of
dollars would be derived annually by a
eighty nine dollars ; of which there was condition, the inhabitant had IhI.'U!
retained in the country twenty twomillion : porary government of their own. Bo-
...... I i i t . i ' . .
i u nunureu and seventy six thousand one
hundred and seventy dollars. Had the
former financial system prevailed, and the
public moneys been placed on deposite in
banks, nearly the whole of this amount
moderate duty imposed on these .articles, j would have gone into their vaults, not to
want of legal authority for continuing s;
' vernment, it is wholly inadequate to
them in their rights of person and prr ;
j to secure to ibem the enjoyment of the ph
I f other citizens, to which ihey are rut i!
; der the Constitution of ihe United State?.
Should Congress avail itself of this ad
ditional source of revenue, not only would
the amount of the public loan rendered
necessary by the war with Mexico be di
minished to that extent, but the public
credit, and the public confidence in the
ability and determination of the Govern-
be thrown into circulation by them, but to
be withheld from the hands of the people
as a currency, and made the basis of new
nrwl f "I I.
i . , . : . ' . ' :i i errnories oi ine united oiates uavc icr
proportion oi meispecie imported
has been paid into the Tre.-isury for pub
lic dues ; and after having been, to a great
should have the right of suffrage, Ik roj m
in a Territorial Legitlature, and by a t!
in Congress; and possess all the ri-1 i
privileges which citizens of other porti
ment to meet all its engagements prompt- extent, recoined at the mint, has been paid
ly, would be more firmly established, and outu ihe pU,jjc credilors, arid gone into
the reduced amount of the loan which it circulation as a currency among the peo
may be necessary to negotiate could pro- i p'e- The amount of gold and silver coin
bably be obtained at cheaper rates. j noNV 'n circulation in thelcountry is larger
Congress is, thercoce, called upon to de- ; lhan a any former period. t
termine whether it is wiser to impose the
war duties recommended, or, by omitting
to do so, increase the public debt annual
ly three millions of dollars, so long as loans
shall be required to prosecute the war,
and afterwards provide, in some other
form, to pay the semi-annual interest Up
on it, and ultimately to extinguish the prin
cipals If, in addition to these duties, Con
gress should graduate and 'reduce the
price of such of the public lands as expe
rience has proved will not command the
price placed upon them by the Govern
ment, an additional annuakincome to the
Treasury of between half a million and a
million of dollars, it is estimated, would
be derived frorn this source. Should both
measures receive the sanction of Congress,
the annual amount of public debt neces
sary to be contracted during the continu
ance of the war would be reduced near
four millions of dollars. The duties re
commended to be levied on tea and coffee,
it is proposed shall be limited in their du
ration to the end of the war, and until the
public debt rendered necessary to be con
tracted by it shall be discharged. The
amount of the public debt to be contrac
ted should be limited to the lowest prac
ticable sum, and should be extinguished
as early after the conclusion of the war
as the means of the Treasury will permit.
With this view, it is recommended that
as soon as the war shall be over, all the
surplus in the Treasury, not needed for
... . . .
during any preceding period of equal -other indispensable objects, shall consti
a a. . ..a. a
length. L.arge profit have been derived
by those who have constructed as well as
by those who have navigatedJhem. Should
the ratio of increase in the number of our
merchant vessels be progressive, and be
as great for the future as during the past
year, the time is not distant when our
tute a sinking fund, and be applied to the
purchase of the funded debt, and that au
thority be conferred by law for that pur
pose. The act of the Gth of August, 1840, " to
estahlish a warehousing system," has been
in oneration more than a year, and has
tonnage and commercial marine will be j proved to be an important auxiliary to the
larger than that ot any other nation in the ; tariff act of 1840, in augmenting the rev
world.
Whilst the interests of agriculture, of
commerce, and of navigation, have been
enlarged and invigorated, it is highly grat
ing eighteen tnillions was offered for spe- ll ifving to observe that our manufactures
: u i .i . l t i . i i r : i-- at
k.nz mi i tin i not
cie to the highest bidder not below par.
by an advertisement issued by the Secre
tary of the Treasury, and published from
the ninth of February until the tenth of
April, 1817, vhen it was awarded to the
several highest bidders, at premiums va
rying from ohe eighth of one per Cent, to
two per cent! above par. The premium
I. i . Hi I.I ' -
has been paid Into the treasury, and the Rapidly increasing, affording gratifyinq: arv bowers in carrying this measure
a K t a. - .... a a . 1 .1 Mll
sums awaroeu qeposueo in specie in me
I
it
lBe"VaIue' of one hundred and fdrtv-six
million fiyc bund ed and forty-five thou
JH Hundred anil thirty eight dollars;
"hici ihe jnraouut exported was eight
elcvert thousand one hundred and
fighi dollars;, leaving one hundred treasury as fast as it was required by the
ilhirtvieiirTil 'millions five hundred im wants of thelGovernment. j
;y-four; thousand four hundred and To meet the expenditures for the re-
;WVaoHat m Jhejcountry lor domestic mainder of the present and for the next
The' value; of; the exports for the fiscal year, ending on the thirtieth of June,
a u:i;?u pr'p uuiulred and filty- , 1819, a turther Ipan, in aid of the ordinary
jjut million $ix hurtdred and forty-eight revenues of theGovernment, will be ne
r !r !lulHr uml tvcn-tWf dol- ; cessary. Iletairiing a sufficient surplus in
Pi Wlllth tme. tuindrpil nntl fiftv initl- lhf trtfcir-1 tlio nun ronirrA ik
Sixihuudfed niUUrty.Sevcn thousand mainder of the present fiscal year, will be
g indred, and stjty.four dollars consis- about eighteen millions five hundred
' of, domestici Productions, and eight ; thousand dollars. If the duty on tea
on ewven tUpiand one hundred aud and coffee be imposed and the graduation
of the price bf the public lands shall be
are also in a prosperous condition. None
of the ruinous effects upon this interest,
which were apprehended by some as the
result of the operation of the revenue sys
tem established by the act of 1846, have
been experienced. On the contrary, the
number of manufactories, and the amount
f capital invested in them, is steadily and
enue and extending the commerce of the
country. Whilst it has tended to enlarge J
commerce, it has been beneficial to our
manufactures, by diminishing forced sales
at auction of foreign goods at low prices
to raise the duties to be advanced on them,
and by checking fluctuations in the mar
ket. ; The system. although sanctioned by
the experience of other countries, was en
tirely new in the United States,' and is sus
ceptible of improvement in Some of Us pro
visions. The Secretary of, the! Treasury,
upon whom was devolved large discretion-
. ' ... ; .rrvinff this measure into
i 1 ?. I ' a i.. ' k j
t 1 - 'lEUt dollars ol loreicn artirl.
I lThe recipts into jbe Treasury for the
J I Pf nod amounted to twenty-six mill-
urH hundred ?tnd lorty-six thousand
,Veo (lundjed arid riinety dollars and thir
rv?t cenjs, of wjiich there was derived
Jcustorris twenty-three million seven
v ,Hirl ahu' loftv.keven thousand eiwht
r( and srktv.
proofsbat American enterprise and skill j effect has collected and is now collating
employe in this branch of domestic in- i the practical results of the system in oth
dustry, with no other advantages than er countries, where it has long been es-
1 he financial system established by the Con.
stitutional Treasury has been, thus far, eminent,
ly successful in its operations; and I recom
mend an adherence to all ills essential provi.
sions, and especially to that ' vital provision
which separates the Government from all con
nexion with banks, and excludes bank paper
from all revenue receipts. i
In some of its details not involving its
general principles, the system is defective, and
will require modification, j These defects, and
such amendments as are deemed important,
were set forth in the last annual report of the
Secretary of the Treasury. jTbese amendments
are again recommended tolbe early and favora
ble consideration of Congress.
During the past year the coinage of the mint
and its branches has exceeded twenty millions
of dollars. This has consisted chiefly in con.
verting the coins of foreign countries into Amer
ican coin. ; "1 j;
The largest amount of foreign coin imported
has been received at New York ; and if a branch
mint was established at that city, all the foreign
coin received at that port coyld at once be con
verted into our coin, without the expense, risk,
and delay of transporting it to the mint for that
purpose, and the amount recoined would be much
i i t I r.. .
larger. v i ' i -- .
Experience has proved that foreign coin, and
especially foreign gold coin, will not circulate
extensively as a currency among the people.
The important measure of extending our specie
circulation, both of gold and silver, and ofdiUu
sing it among the people, can only be effected
by converting such foreign coin, into American
coin. I repeat the recommendation contained
in my last annual message i'for the! establish-
f ya a 'l-a STY. I OS .
men to! a branch ol the mint ot tbcuniieaaiaics
at the city of New York, j j? . ;
All the public lands which had been survey
ed and were ready for market "have ' been pro.
claimed for sale during lha past year. The
quantity offered and to be offered for sale, under
proclamations issued since the' first of January
last, amounts to nine million one 'hundred and
thirty-eight .thousand" five jhundred tbirty-one
acres. The prosperity of fhe Western bjates
I and Territories in which these lands lie will be
I advanced by their speedy sale. By withhold
' ing them fioirr market, thejr growth and in
crease of population would jbe retarded, while
thousands of our enterprising and meritorious
frontier population' w6uld;be deprived of the op
j port unity of securing freeholds for themselves
and their families. But, In addition to the gen-
erai cons me rat ions wmco i rro"
sale of these lands proper, U was a leading oh
ject.at this time foderiveis large a sum as pos
stbleTfrom 'his source, and; thus diminish, hy
that amount, the public loan rendered necessa
ry by the existence of a foreign war.
It is estimated that not less than ten millions
of acres of the puVlic lands will he surveyed
and be in a condition to b proclaimed fur sale
ii.
rt
1
it
i
'V
M
ill'
Vli fomif fs l Publ,c ,ads two ; tat ion of thbe fcontributions bay
VitaJUl'llWeid' und nety-e'ght directed, and a Very considerable
W,.. : U ,,urcu anu miny-nve , expecieu irom (hat source. Its
k. :?nui ,iwcnty cents; and from nci-
iei u P?l!cil,aPPOUS sources one hun
h ,."fousahd five hundred and KfvYn.
til l) "e ccnis. ine last
.l;.Yni I .1.. '? .....
M ,ir "1 "uVnS wmcl1 lms amount
ttW?"F embraced five .months
H And ' I perf tiQn of .the tariff act of
i jl f w" in force. Du.
made at an fearly period of your session,
as recommended, the loan for the present
liscal year may j be reduced to seventeen
millions of flollars. The loan may be
further reduced !; by whatever amount of ;
expenditure can be saved by military
contributions collected in Mexico. The
most vigorous measures for the augmen-
e been
sum is
amount
cannot, howjevej-, be calculated with any
certainty. t is recommended that the
loan to be rhade be authorized upon the
same terms, ana! for the same time, as that
which was authorised under the provi-
sions of the act of the 28th of
1847. .i
i ShbufrJ ttiei war with Mexico
anuary,
be
-r-
con-
tinned : until the 30th of June, 1849, it is
those fairly ivnd incidentally accruing from
i . - . j , i
a jusi system oi revenue auties, are auun
dantly able to meet successfully ! all com
petition from abroad,'and still derive fair
and remunerating profits. j
While capital invested in manufactures
is yielding adequate and fair profits un
der the new system, the wages! of labor,
whether employed in manufactures, ag
riculture, commerce, or navigation, have
been augmented. The toiling millions,
whose daily labor furnishes the supply of
food and raiment, and all the necessaries
and comforts of life, are receiving higher
wages, and more steady and permanent
employment than in any other country or,
at any previous period of our oVn history.
So successful have been all ; branches
of our industry, that a foreign yar, which
generally diminishes the resources of a
nation, has in no essential degree retard
ed our onward progress, or checked our
general prosperity.
With such gratifying evidences of pros
perity, and of the successful operation of
the revenue act ot 1840. every considera
tion of public policy recommends that it
shall remain unchanged. It is hoped that
the system of impost duties which it es
tablished may be regarded as the perma
nent policy of the country, and that the
great interests affected by it may not a-
tablished, and will report at an early pe
riod of your session such further regula
tions suggested by the investigation as
may fender it still more effctive and ben
eficial. n.. u. ot tn nrnvide fori the better
organization of the Treasury, and for the
collection, safe keeping, and disbursement
of the public revenue; all banks were dis
continued as fiscal agents of the Govern
ment, and the paper currency issued by
them was no longer permitted to be receiv
ed in payment of public dues.
The Constitutional Treasury created by
this act went into operation on the first
of January last. Under the system es
tablished by it, the public moneys have
been collected, safely kept, and disbursed
by the direct agency ot otticers oi me
Government in gold and silver, and trans
fers of large amounts have been made
from points of collection to points ot dis
bursement, without loss to the Treasury,
or injury or inconvenience to the trade of
the country.
While the fiscal operations of the Gov
ernment have been conducted with reg
enjoyed, or may now enjoy. I ! '
Our judicial system, revenue laws, lav
ulating trade and intercourse wi;h th J
tribe, and the protection of our laws c:
should be extended orer them. 1 S
In addition to the inhabitants In that i
tory who had previously emigrated t i-,
numbers of our citizens have followed t! :
ring the present year, and il is noit.u!.:c
during the next and subsequent yean
numbers will be greatly increased.
Congress, at its last session. eMabli?!.
routes leading to Oregon, and between
points within that Territory, and author!
establishment of post offices at MA S
uch oiher places on the coasts of the 1
winYin the territory of the United State?,
public interests may require. ' I'usi t
hare accoidtngly been established, dej . .' v
masters appointed, and provision ma J.' !
transportation of the mails.
Vie pre serration of peace with tic I
tribes residing west of the Itocky in
will render it proper that authority !
giren by law for the appointment of : ;
quate number of Indian agents to reside ,
them.
I recommend that a surveyor genera!
be established in that Territory, and t!
public lands be surveyed and brought i:.
ket at an early period.
I recommend also that g'rants, upon '
terms, of limited quantities of the pub!' i
be made to all citizens of the United h':at
have emigrated, or may hereafter," with is :
scribed period, emigrate, to Oregon ai 1
upon them. These hardy'and adventur
zens who have encountered tbe dan
privations of a long and toilsome jourf"
have at length found an abiding-place f .
selves and their families upon !he'utm
of our western limits, should be secure 1
homes which they have improved by their
1 refer you to the accompanying rep'rj
Secretary of War for a detailed accou;.:
operations of the various branches of i.
lie service connected with the Departr.
aer dis cnarge. ine outies aevoiif j
Department have been unusually oner
responsible during the past year, and ha
discharged with ability and succeVs.
Pacific relations continue to exUt v
various Indian tribes, and most of iher i
fest a strong friendship for the 'United
Some depredations were committed d.jtj
past year upon our trains transporting t
lor the army, on tne roau between it'O m
lorder of Missouri and Santa Fc. .The'
dations, which are supposed to have her
mitted by hands from the region of Nci
co, have been arrested by the preset.:
military fierce, ordered out for that fur
Some outrages have been perpetrated b j
iirn of the northwestern bands upon t!.
er and comparatively defenceless nei
tribes. Prompt measures were taken
vent such occurrences in future.
Between one and two thousand It.i'i
i longing to several triocs, nave been
j during the year from the east of lh M!
; pi lo ihe country allotted ta tlem w -t
i river,ss their permanent home, nti 1 ?.
ments have been made for others, to f l
j Since the treaty of 1846 with the CI.'
j ihe feuds among them appear to lave t
and they have become more united
during the year 1943.
In mv last annual message I presented the , tented lhan ihf-v have been for many V
reasons which, in my judgment, rendered it 'phe
commissioners, appointed in purs; r
proper to graduate and reduce the price of such the acl cr june twenty.seventh. 110, .
of the public lands as have, remained unsold for , claims arising under the treaty of !-'.;." I
long periods afier they had been offered for sale j tnal tribe, have executed their dutir ;
at public auction. j . I ter a patient investigation and a ( 'A .
Many millions of acres of public lanls lying ! examinationnfall the cases broupbt b-?
within the Itmils of several of the Western 1 closed thefr lalors in the month of J ,
. ' . i i. 'r t .i r . t i i -. .: ...
States have been ouereu in ine marnei, anu ( I his is ine lounn ooaru oi commit iiou-
been sutyect to sule at private entry for more has been organized under this treaty.
lhan twenty years, and large quantities for more opportunity has leen aflorded to all lb
than thirty years, at the lowest price prescribed rested to bring forward their claim. .
hv the existing laws, and it has been found that is entertained that impartial justice I
ihcv will not command that price. They must ' done, by the lale board, and that ah Vi'
remain unsold and uncultivated for an indefinite embraced by the treaty have been "
t . i rr . .1 ' i i i... ' i ...i. .,,t il, ft.-
pfrun. unless trie pnc ue niauucu ior iucm -j miu anuncu. uu irtunnu .
iKp riHVPrnmpnt shall be reduced. No -atis- : rnent to le made with this tribe, unJ r t
factory reason is perceived why they should be ty of 1646, which will be completed
longer held at rates above tticir reai vuiut-. a oeiore you curing your cmiu, mi.i -thepresent
period an additional reason exi.ts questions of couirovrrsy letween ;thei:.
I . . .1 . . .a.mnmnndi'l . hn 1 I in l.il Viia nnfl DfOClUCe 3. HIT I i
the country is engaged ina foreign war, and i with them simple, well defined, and r
,.st necessarily resort to loans, il would . "Under the discretionary authoiiry
v. ...I m m m I .
seem to be the dictate of wisdom that we should by the act ol the ol Marcn la', .
avail ourselv-es of all our resources, and thu lies due to the various tribes Lave !
the heads c
limit me amount oi ihc pviwuv. luunnum a, v j uoim r - - j
the lowest possible sum. i instead of iheir cbiefs,pr such persor
: . . . . mlffht designate, as reauired by the
I recommend that the existing laws on ihe r . rfn. . -r
mibiect of ore-emDtion rights be amended and , . r . . . -
ularitv and ease under this system, it has j mirjed so as to operate prospectively, and to b h .
had a salutary effect in checking and pie- , embrace all who may settle upon the PJtc i M o he Gov.rr rr
lation oi tne paper , land, ana maKe improvemems upon mem A fcw c'biefj and in!er.led pcrson, r
n.tno inflal ion
currency issued by tbe banks which exist j they are surveyed, as well as afterwards, In all
under State charters. Requiring, as it ' cases where such stlementtnay be made
interested pei
Set frt j
1 . ':
iik