North Carolina Newspapers

f- ' ' -j 4 ? !l ; ::W i :K-1 r v v H- f i . . - , : i a a J wr . ... iff If i 14 0 ,tv ft 1 ' 'cIwfiotiin.Ter yeJr, Two Dollars paytble irJ F;:cl Bat if noi tid in advance, Two dollar. ' I fiftr cL will be charged. I itWsfTs inwrted at 8 1 for the first, ani25 eta. Ich ibwquent insertion; Court ordejTcbirged E i' Nher 1ha0 f1"' rtte$' A tibrtI deduci fioJo lh who bX the year. ttatq jjhc Editors must be post paid. . Hi j OUR -GOVERNOR. ye are sorry to observe, from the tone ofthc IWeigh papers, ft determination- to Jby (the irresistible force of prece :4cntJGovj Manly Won the Whig party &s ji candidate for ! re election. We had 'peil that his friends had been taught tftsdd'm the narrow escape he had ciadelfrorn a defeat at the last election. JiUindhas been or a long time per fcCtly notorious, thit his vote in ibe West, b anotfierclecfiori will fall short of his ust Vote by thousands, and we waited 'Jtt,f its ttl intimated frnm hd cuartcrsthfit he would not be again be Lfl a convention, j We were at length c0njpr lied, -to speak but we did it in mild jjppilnsje ahd In sdeh a manner, as notj pffitl?sb' t0 wound his feelings. The last Raltigh Register appeals to the party not lolh rust him aside and thus mortify his prUci,;but4et him be again the candidate ariJ vjlH pvcMhc track," for tlrat dem- carats are. m lavor oi nun. II be is to valk .oVerjthe track, we have nothing to iJ' rUut ho believes such w ill be the man, west pf Rale ghol the-bast we know nothing) (Joubts jutjhat the democrals Will run a ?andkl? te Uho will beat him. We do not dn re to mortify Gov Munly's feelings. If but regard ine micrests oi the Whig H party more, ana it is certainly a singular 'note Qfl h Par ,h,! mends to plead his -i-cjinjj injthe scale against the interests ofliiiip'Vty. ;We jw-oot propose now to discuss the rrason wny uov iunniy cannot get the I kannor. oi ijie hiu3 oi ine west. VYevr .r.i. .. nr.... f .t nr - -t i fre irnmiru iu uu ii miwrvtr hi nv urn T I the i JUJeiglil papers desire it, but we sim-'; ply no;car the attention of the Editor ol the Itezhtc r to allusions nut forth hv (" . bis locum tcicns" in behalf of Gov. Manly L: wnicn BiriKes us as uecioetny ncri. .tie is rccvuicuurn as n girwi irifnu oi m ten Irtl lUil Road.M How has he shown his infndsnip! 'What convention has he at- tMidecf ? ;i What spf ech has he made ? uiuioe lenu ine weigni oi his name lo that great schemje ? We shall be glad tobenlighened,oh these matters. I A correspondent bf the "Hornets' Nest: inJtbfl Kdjtors of i he Carolina Watchman kire liken the rigljt view of this matter. Uisifrlportapt that, we should succeed in the fitf jit carpaign.;ani) our complaisance ntust jiot he .ckrried'so, far as to select a jnanho we know will be defeated. ; We owe (jov. Manly no personal iTI wiil.IjWe know from personal knowledge iKi friends here irf the West, admit tliatjU Cannot be lelected, and we call upon! hf frtehds in Ilaleigh, not to sacri fice die Whig partjl, for fear of wounding the pride of one man. AT. Banner. ; i i-r ! 1 I SIGNIFICANT. , $n far as pur objservation extends, we 'remember no paper in the State out of Ralrjgh, which adocatesthe nomination of.uov. Manly. Ihis i not according to prp;edents." Ii in never been so before. Vtypshl Can tfje Register tjell ? He bs hot ever,4heen tVominHtcd uncondition al ly.( . Kvrn the Burke meeting, which iki been seized upon with such avidity, as indicati ve of public feeling in the West, saysihe will )e supported 'should he be nominated." Evert then, where in the language of one of the speakers, they owe himlM) peculiar1 a debt of gratitude his weakness is felt. lL Banner. i t '-1 It dCobb of Ala ama, in the House ot . a ww -Representatives on Monday the 4th inst; itrdjiJpfceil a resolution proposing the ap., poiptment of a joint committee of six Sen atorjfijlhTe Northern men and three Sou th.errneh-i also twenty-five by-the House divitfej geographically, to take charge of the territorial and slavery questions, with Moverto devisi a plan of compromise Submit it in thb form of a bill, to the tOHstderarton of th i iiwvist-r. i oir. Meade intimated a wish to debate iLNv. . -1 i r i- tte resolution, and it therefore lies over the - rule. Mr, Incc also introduced a resolution daring that th President had commit- Ird a gross and flagrant' violation of duty -rl M '.pf-vthe Constitution by sending Thorn Vi lftitler King to Carifornia and inducing thej 'organization oi a State Government ere before action bv Congress authori- f-. J. ii ' 'crU that the authority of Congress i$ '"ii-uiiiv sirits. l ne ri'Mii ui Kin ;iisn hs Tin resolution aiso 3 ..v8u.nu,e,H uC "ijuseu.in ine irruorics. . The resolutions lie under the rule "Wife beincr eivenibv a memhnr that be ,ii . r- i "-i to debate, t.fiem. 1: ! HIGHLY IMPQRTANTvFROM CAN- - - ADA. IMosfTREAI.. FpI.7. 185iO. .if'. :.' i ' Ttie Annexation Association have nub- Ubfd a protest Hcainvt Earl Grav's late "iicu jio ioru luigin. i'Y'c itufuar: upcu i noi oi menace or tuition. 'TheV doUnot Conceive; lh snti. i.l , i- o: i un u(n.c i,j WMt ol Kar (Jrair to be those of th nrk. we anu. ami minK tnai even the Mllincnt of England connot pronounce, .Wlhej subject "submitted, in regular j- , v i vi vauauo. x ire vossioh is the right of nil men, and the . pb.uaru againsi: uesnoiism and reoell totfu t to decide whether Hldispatch is it acc lc!'Stituttrtn accordance with the '.flti i ki t i ..!'l..i i: i . 'yy iin winj a j. $?n should aflect the right to bring any i i'JCt before the letrislature of th .""uiiuii. uiiu wnr pr rjari urav s n i ;JCt before the legislature of the couu : Will not be diverted from a legal . r anu are thds dcfendrnir tliHrfHt. of the country s liberties, irn-i n-n n a i i t x ns i n rr -a -r-i . : : mm mm m mm .m mm. .mm m rm n ; a i m . i n m : ( i. .; h ar v mmm. w asf a aaaa& . .ww -l. -H. -LL V JLLX Ai. JL l U . iij - - I f ; 1 "!',''' ; ; -j BRUNER & JAMES, j U T ( PW snni? ' P' W 'I I--XUr"110" - D..L.r- i SERIES. or. 4- Propror,. ....) ; Rcleks. T CV( .m.. ( VOLUME VI NUMBER-41. f- From the National Intelligencer. .1! f THE EVIL OF TOE PAY J X Concluded.) Perplexed as we. may have found our selves by some things which have occurH red within the last few months, thii: re vej lation. to our apprehension, of the actual state of things, is so recent, that we are yet stunned and confused by it. ye caii think of nothing that has occurrelsince the Presidential canvass of 1848 to change m any respect the. condition or relations oi me General Government to the? geo Krpnica divisions comDrised within th United Slates; and during that contest, in the heat of which everv ilivprsitv nf4 political sentiment might have been ex- pected to manifest itself', certainly we stiw no signs or portents of the storm which is now growling in the horizon, and threat ening presently to burst over our heads, Nay, from, the very infancy of our Gov. ernmervt, as we have shown abovp, pre cisely the same grounds of discontent up on which it is now threatened to disturb the peace of the Union, excited thp same sensibilities, and provoked the same ex Xitement, with hardly any thing lb dis criminate between the circumstances of that period andjhose of the present day. There is not, therefore, that we know of. any new ground of alarm for the South; 1 lungs in that respect stand now on pre? cisely the same footing as when the helm of Government passed from the hands of president 1'olk into those of President Taylor. During the Administration of the former we heard not a whisper about "a dissolution of the Union." If there was such a whisper, it was in the mid night consultations at the Capitol, and iri so low a tone as never to have reached our ears. What, then, has come oyer the South ? What, especially, has come over I he State of Georgia, the State of North Carolina, the State of Maryland? : What is the secret of all this note of preparation. of all this solemnity, and all this mystery ? Was this country, in all the extent or its latitude and longitude, ever so prosper ous, so tranquil in all its borders, or so entirely in amity with all the foreign world, as it now is ? i Is it this very prosperity the absence' ot pressure either from within or without, the need of excitemeot.the lassitude which follows the termination of a sanguinary though successful war is it this, -or all th ese, that has brought about a state of disaffection, which Heaven forbid that we should speak or think lightly of -for we know it to be of too serious a character to be sported with- but which we are not the less incapable of comprehending ? Ot is it to be accounted for upon the)rinci ple; which some writers maintain: to be a law of nature, that a certain degree of turbulence and restlessness is inseparable from the existence of Liberty in any Peo ple ? 1 "There must," says Montesqueu, for example, " of necessity have been fac- tions in Rome : for how was it possible ' that those vho abroad subdued fall, by ' their undaunted bravery and by the ter- ror of their arms, should live irf peace 4 and moderation at home ? To look for ' a People in a free State who are ihtrepil 4 in war, and, at the same time, timid in 4 peace, is to look for an impossibility ; 4 and we may hold tit as a general rule 4 that in a State which possesses a Re 4 publican form of Government.- if the 4 people are quiet and peaceable, there is 4 no real liberty." Were this the rule by which the present unusual statef of dis quiet in this Republic is to be interpreted. .lit. . . I ... - c ! . , . 1 , H cause lor it, consoling, out lar otherwise u..lon :. ttnilili,lf ,.r, ,uof tua is to have n.o end, or, if ever ending, is to be ever aain beginning. But the fram ers bf the Constitution, who weref among the wisest of men in that wisdom which experience can alone teach, trusted that they -had guarded against the turriultuous character of the ancient Republics by the establishment of frequent elections, in which the most obscure of the people has an equal voice with ihe 'most potential or the most emincnl individual of the com munity. It remains to beseen. ill the is sue of the pending question, whether the framers of the Constitution, in this calcu lation, relield too much upon the: virtue and constancy of ihe people. f It is enough, however, for lheipresent purpose, that the-excitement exists, and to art extent, if it lead to ho worse f cohclu- sion, to produce embarrassment in the le- gislative action of the General Goverh- ment, as well as of several of the (Governments. " ft State i p.. ! Tlsvirinrr W lr o divlinetlv lini1rrifut llvnf tbi P.flifore nf this rmnpr arelnnw i ; thev ever have been, ready to uphold all the constitutional rights of the South that, in their opinion, those rights have i n u nuauru iu evcry iii&iaiicc ui igts- lation". by whatever State Government, wnicn interposes obstacles to the; execu- tion within its limits of the third clause of the second section of Art. IV. of Ihe Con stitutfon of the United States the Edit- j ors uij noi uuuui umi me omies wiiosc I rights have been invaded have a right to ors uo noi uoudi mat the states whose complain of those ads as aggressions, not upon ihe Slates in which they reside, but upon their individual rights ; and that they are further aggrieved when taunts and insult and a denial of justice are re- SALISBURY, N. C, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1850. turned to thoseconriplaihts, in the form of Legislative Resolutions of the States which have thus impeded their Constitu tional rights. They believe, in a word, fhat the several Slates have no more r'ght to pass laws to prevent or obstruct the recovery of fugitives from States in Svhich, according tb the fundamental law pf those States, they are held to service or Jabor, than they have to enter into foreign alliances or treaties tb engage in war, to grant titles of nohilityi or to exercise any other power expressly denied to them by the Constitution. But the Editors believe also, that much of the annoyance which the People of the Southern States suffer, as well by the Legislative action of the States as by the interference of individu als with the slave population, is owing to the passion and vehemence with which they have assailed without discrimina Hon, the whole Northern population for Offences which are those of individuals merely, and for which, in general, that papulation is notal chargeable or respon sibje. And they believe, finally, that, for the punishment of all J offences against their rights or peace ana! tranquility with in their limitsthe States of the 'South are as competent now as they can become by any process of a revolutionary or extra constitutional nature, and that for all of fences within other States against their constitutional rights, the Courts of the United States afford them the same pow er to assert their rights in the States of the North, as the People of the North have, within the States of the South, to compel the execution of contracts and recover dehts due to them.! To complete their profession of faith on this subject, the Editors hold it to be the; perfect right of the People of the North to entertain and express.within their own States, or wher ever else such expression may be made without danger to the; public peace, any sentiment which tiey entertain of the In stitution of Slavery as it? exists amongst us, or of slavery, in the abstract, and also their regret that-it does exist on any part of the soil of the Uijited States. The em bodiment of these sentiments in Legisla tive Resolutions, arid the transmission of them to the Governments of other States, is another affair ; and the communication of such resolutions anl this vexed subject by the Non slaveholding States to the Slaveholding States appears to the Edit ors to be consistent! neither with the com ity which ought to govern the intercourse between the State Governments, nor with that regard to the peace and tranquility of their neighbors which: is due from every portion of the population of this country to every other portion. Our opinion is. therefore, that the pro posed Southern Convention cannot in any manner add to thh secbrity of Southern property and rights, already guarantied by the Constitution of the United States, sustained and enforced, as its provisions a- ... . , k ' undoubtedly will be, both in the first and in the last resort, by the Judiciary of the United States. This resort to the mode prescribed by the Constitution foi1 asserting rights guar antied by that instrument, and for redress ing the wrongs inflicted ;by the action of the General Government or of the State Governments, is, however, disdained by those who are disposed to foment and exasperate rather than to abate the evil of the day. They cannot consent to trust their rights and liberties to any establish ed tribunal : they unist have one which is more sure to answer their purposes. is in our powr to point them to a case, in the history ol this Republic, in which inalienable.rights of the entire pop a ... ulation of a number of the original States ol this Union were j not Only endangered, but indefinitely suspended bv the Ieeisla- lion of the General Government: and, as . . i i i n cf it is a case which to perhaps four-fifths of our readers will bq almost entirely new, andannot be without interest tn anv of j them, we will briefly relate its principal points, it was on the day ot Decern- j ber, 1807, that the whole country was as- tounded by the publication of an Act of j Congress, passed in secret session, laying an unlimited Embargo, ih effect a writ of ne exeat, upon all vessels of all sorts in the ports and harbors of the United States, .whether engaged in commerce or in theki fisheries, whether ljaden or unladen, and J whether in the Northern: ports in which ' they were owned, or in the Southern ports to which they had gone for cargoes. A more withering blast upon all the occu pations connected jwith Commerce, in the first instance, but necessarily upon all other branches ol industry upon proper ty, the right of access to the sea, and the means of subsistence -is not on record, nnlGG in ro nf Ipvnctntinn hu h'rp nd ! cvi'nrH nr hv nrthnnU. r.pvt iln. nr famine, through which whole generations ! of the sons of men have j measure vvaspreceded by perisheu. This no notice or pre- imraiiou ; ii'i wnr was ui dependinu ta re quire or justify it : it was not an embargo, in the lust sense ot the term, which lm- plies a stoppage of trade for a limited time only. No; it was, on the contrary, a system deliberately intended to with t iiraw an our irauing vessels irom ine oceanon the plea of keeping them safe draw all our tradini? vessels from the ffom the cross fire of the British and French denunciations of neutrality in the war between them but in the delusive .calculation, also, that bv withholding our agrictilturaj products from those belJiger ents, we could force them to respect the outraged neutral rights of this country. The influence of President Jefferson over the two Houses of Congress was then so ' iicaiiuuie inai me oiu passed both Hous- j es almost instanler although no reasons wnri nu'on in. r : r o - vj vwiiKiras. WnllI K; VinSfl 1 V- u i WOUIa De a Olfninpil rt irpmpnl unhin I O ws'v a v. tit llllill ourselves a withdrawal of our commerce r .i ...ii . . . Muiii iuc ocean, wnien presented a held , on which no harvest could be reaped but I iuai oi uanger, spoiiauon, ana disgrace ! the best thing that could be done under! the circumstances j and. finally, that 44 it ! had been recommended bu the President. j who had the best means of knowing the i policy of foreign nations." This last ar- gument was a clincher : there was. in ' those days, no resisting it, unless in the case of some sturdy impracticable, new at Court, like Wm. H. Crawford, of Ga., who had but just come into the Senate, who was not content with arguments foundupon mere blind confidence, and re fused to vote for the bill, because no rea sons had been given to Congress for it but the President's will. He, in the Senate, and three of the four Representatives of Georgia in the other House, voted there fore against the bill : but, with these ex rpnt nnc na..l., j! nor in the Official paper at the seat of go-! rently on their wai towards the territories vernrrient. ptrpnt. hw iKic I net lkn .tin r .V ; V-n fi i t " volPU!"go Laws to be unconstitutional, and they Jor the bill : all six of the Representatives stood s(iit upon their bonds niven under ihe re. irorn ooum Carolina voted tor it, and all. but three out of the seventeen from Vfr4 ginia. This act had hardly been made public before it became necessary to pass supplementsrand amendments to' it, o(l- uing penalty io penalty, and exacting bonds upon bonds, until this measure, patriotic unquestionably in its origin, but based upon false theories and unphiloso phical inductions, became in its operation one of the most oppressive and tyrannical J: i. - . ever devised by the wit of man. It had been in existence nearly a year, without the least apparent prospect of its termi nation,. when the .Legislature of Massa chusetts passed resolutions, which were presented to Congress On the 25th of No vember, 1808, instructing the Senators and requesting the Representatives from that State to endeavor to procure its re peal; We are able readily to quote from thatdocument (as published in the Amer ican: State Papers) the description of the effects of the Embargo as felt in Massa chusetts (then including what is now the State of 'Maine) and her sister States of New England not more for the purpose of giving the reader some idea of the cruelty and oppression of that measure, than to show how a State like Massachu setts then a great State in the Confed eracy instead of resorting to her 44 re served rights," could, though crippled and heart-stricken by it, subdue her feelings, come before Congress with composure, and in language at once touching and respectful, thus present the common griev ance of herself and ber sister States to its consideration : 44 The produce of our agriculture, of our 4 forests, and of our fisheries, fsavs the 4 Preamble tO the Resolutions," is excluded 'altOO-ether frnm iVrV fnrio-n marlof , O - - ' J .v, ...it. .,v V , 4 our merchants and mechanics are de 4 prived of employment ; our coasting 4 trade interrupted and harassed by griev ous. embarrassments ; and our foreign 4 trade is becoming diverted into channels 4 which there is no prospect of its return. 4The sources of our revenue are dried up, 4 and Government must soon resort to di- 4 rect taxation. Our sailors are forced to j 4 expatriate themselves. In fact, the evils which are menaced by the continuance 4 of this policy are so enormous and de- 4 plorable the suspension of commerce is j 4 so contrary to the habits of our people, I and so repugnant to their feelinirs and ' interests that they must soon become ' i i ii j i i j intolerable, and endanger our domestic ' peace and the Union of these States. As ! 4 tHe Embargo laws have hen thp ransR j 4 of; the public distress, your committee I are ot opinion that no equal, permanent, ; 4 or' effectual relief can be afforded to the ' citizens of this Commonwealth but by the repeal of these laws." ; Did this earnest and moving appeal from a suffering people have the effect upon the ruling power in Congress, which it cannot but have, even at this distant day, upon the minds of the generality of readers? Not at all. The only answer that they got from Congress was the pas- i sage, a few weeks afterwards, (January 9, 1809.) of an act further to enforce the EmbargO Laws, a few of , the provisions of which it is worth while to cite to give to the present generation some idea of the character of the system, now happily ex- ploded, which was, forty years and more 1 !(. prpnpritllv designated bv the term 4 KStriCt i e. ! , i hus.Un this supplement, aaueu io pre- j ceding Supplements to the bmtargo Law, j passed after the Embargo had been more than a year in Operation, among a Volume lutions, nroveesuch mncertof action between the States Of enactments, each more Stringent than ; be a means of redress hoth nectary and proper , i c ii Id tins connexion, he s'ivs : the Other, Were the following : ! " 4 And if there be no impropriety in dedari ng the un- M That if any person shall put, place, OT ' constitutionality of proceedings in the Federal Govern -Inad on hoard nnv shin, vessel, boat, or rnent, where can be the impropriety of communicating water ciraft, or into any cart, wagon, sled, or other carriage or vehicle, any specie, goods, wares, or merchandise, with intent to export, transport, or convey the same without the United States, &c, he shall be adjudged guilty of a misdemeanor, and fined in a sum equal to four times the va . lue of such specie, goods, wares, or mer cbandise." Collectors of all the districts of the United States were further author domestic growth, prod ized to seize upon specie or ami artirlr nf . j uce. or manufacture found on board of any ship or vessel boat or other craft, &c, or 44 when in carls,va- ons.sleitrh A-rv r n or,,. i c iw,icii(M. or in anv m:mnpr nunt r . ' . l"C nr tmriinl u ...i : l i --w.. are intended to be exported, and not to o inauc nerein sum nrii c t permit such articles to be removed until permit such articles to be removed until bond, with sufficient securitu, shall have oeen given." 3cc. And to enforce such stringent and oppressive prohibitions and injunctions as these, it was made lawful for the President of the United State nr such oJher person as he should have empow ercd for that pur jwse, 4 to employ such part of the land and naval fn rrr.t nf the JTmfrt States, or of the militia, asmau be iud-red necessary. Well : slung to the quick by this double turn ol the uJ.lC:iWi, Upn ,hr.m' ?'d ,heS,C Y",kesS I'6' ' .a iun.invi io aissoinng me L nion, be- cause things in the General Government did not work altogether to their liking! Did ihey even determine to secede" from the naitner. ship to tear off their names from the bond to which they were join signers with Maryland, Virginia, the Carolinas, and Georgia? Not at all. No : they took their case up lo the Su- nremi fnirt 'l'tioir firml I . L r " ""; uthc.su me cm- quiremenls of those laws, in order lo bring the case before the Court. The Coi-rt decided ihe case against them; and they paid the bonds, as many of ihem as could the rest of ,ern were sold out of house knd home, and not a few of them, who by lives of steady industry had acquired competencies, when ihe iron grip of iho Restrictive System overtook them, were left, at the close of it, dependant upon their Children or the Poor-house for their daily dread. But, argue those who are foremost in urging the Southern Slates onward to a precipice from which, once reached, there can be no retreat, nor any advance unless it be to topple. headlong over it, 44 A great wrong the admisonof Cal- 4 ifornia with her Stale Government is ihreat. 4 ened, and great wrongs demand violent reme. 4 dies. The decision of the great questions 4 now presented to ihe country will influence 4 forever her future destiny." Such is the lan guage held by the Richmond Enquirer not more than a week ago. Constitutional reme dies are not what these gentlemen seek. They do not even condescend to specify or de fine the 44 great wrongs" which require the '4 vi. olent remedies" they speak of. A civil, or le. gal, resistance of their indefinite wrongs, is beneath their dignity. Of the exlreme medi. cine of the Constitution, they would make its daily bread. They will have nothing to do with the Supreme Court ; it is nothing to them. They will have Revolution, and nothing else. Such is the tenor and spirit of ihe whole of the deliberate and carefully. wrought article in the Richmond Enquirer, from which we quote the following further passage : " In the issue between the North and South are in ' volved the great principles of the equality or inenuali- ' ty, the sovereignty or vasHalage, of fifteen States of ' the American Uuion- If these fifteen States wish not to become dependencies, or mere appendage of a 4 combination (no longer a Union) of States hrttie to I 'these Institutions rf they would escape this doom, to which rSorthern fanaticism would consign them, they !' mU8t arouse their energies prepar.-, consult, com- ' ' "INE, L'N'ITE, FOR PROMPT AND DECISIVE ACTION." This is the programme of those who are ready for Revolution rather Irian resort lo Law, and who are, as we shall show, garbling and misrepresenting the opinions of .Mr. Madison, in order to avail themselves of his great name not to sustain anv lauhable purpose, but to favor purposes aroiccd to' he violent and extra- i constitutional. Deprive ihemoflhe support of they come to the ground : they ! his name, and have nothing; left to stand upon. We evoke horn the Shades the Spirit of that great man to confront them in their wicked designs. I o do j no injustice to the Enquirer, we quote at large ' so m,,ch r,he article in that paper as we pro- pose lo refuie : " In this care for the present and preparation for the V?1"' u oeco'ne8 v ir"."a lo ac am.OIi me because she is the largest slavehnlder amonsj the states, but because fn-eat constitutional qui-ms are involved in the issue. Heretofore, it has ixn her pro- vince to ,ead i aild she win vl Rhril,k from the hiBh revhen!in 1798, the imtitv of the Constitution was violated by the madness of party, mid ' th IiIxti . of speech and of the press were invaded,' thr voice of Vir ginia called her sister States to the h-mmi' ; and the hand of usurpation and power was stayed.. She did not then stop to count thr cost ; she did not then hesitate to follow the line of duty tu herself and-the Constitu tion. "Upon that occasion, when her immortal Resolu tions interpreting the Constitution and defminfr the p.. w.-rs.-f the Federal Government, were given to the world, her course was condemned as ' unwarrantable ami d.inger oiir. Her action we.s declared to be ' a very unjustifia ble interference with the General (Jovernment and con stituted authorities of the. United States." In the Re solutions of '9"?, Virginia ' solemnly apj"aled to the like disposition in the other States and asked f.r their co operation. This appeal for united action in that emer- , gency encountered the strenuous opposition ti the Fed eral advocates ot the odious Alien and edana laws. Kentucky had united with her Republican sister, and their concurrent action was declared an unlawful coin- t bin a lion against the Federal Government. " The charge has,.cjme down to the present diy- The Southern States propijse to unite, to co-operate, to prevent a palpable &. ruinousinfraction of the ("on Mi tut ion a South-rn Convention is proposed for that parprs-, and the objections and the argument urgtd n'aint the course of the patriot of 'Jt-'J are used to drjeut the measure. Mr. Madison, in his reoort upon the Virginia rso- the declaration toother States and inviting their concur rence in a like declaration ? What is allowable fr on muet be allowable for all ; and a free e .mnmuicatiun among the States, wrier the Constitution imjxws no restraint, if as allotrable among the State fi ,rernmenit a among other public bodies or prtta'e eitzen. 44 He further adds, (and the p.--pIe of the South may be forced, in the effort to escape- oppression, to rely ex clusively Upon the; nie:ms here suggested:') 44 4 It caunt be forgotten, that, among the arguments - ! addj.sd to thoe who ipPr. headed dinger to hbem- ! fronrthe establishment of the General Gore rn men I brer o great a coon try, ibe appeal waa eraphalicalljr, made to the intermediate existence pf the State GoterrnmenU hetieren the people and that Government, to the rip lance with which they would descry the first symptoms of usurpation, and to the promptitude with which they would eoand the alarm to the pabiw. Thia argument waa probably not without its effect ; and, if it was 'a pro per one then to recommend the establishment of the Constitution, it must be a proper one now f atsrit im it interpretation.' n It is a mistake that Mr. Maditon approved any 44 united action" among particular Slafei, by means of a Convention. Southern or any oiher, or any combination between ihem, for the purpose of admin'uterinjj 44 violent reme dies," or of resisting'actt ol Congress by any olber means (besides th Judiciary) than those of argument, persuaii.n, and the ballot box. It is a libel upon the fame of .Mr. Madison, from ubich we'lVel it to bs outxlutj to rescue it, io attempt to fasten upon his character such ?,lUi con,i,uli"!ial rul disorganizing doctrines. , nW c.ouV a imn or a patriot, ,Klve !,fn,' hwnspl! in such a manner. .lo.t foriunateiy for his reputation jnost for innately, as ihe things have turned out, for. the) country he has !-!. upon record his own in. - . " ici j.i r nil ti His ivepon upon me Virginia Resolutions of I7js. i which he scatters to the . : ... . c v. i . winds the whole fabric of la! se construction which uVi;;ning men have erected upon it. As a sufficient vindication of his common sen-e as well as of his unwavering devotion to the Union as it is, we turn to a letter addressed by him to the Editor of the North American. Review, daled at Montpelier, August, 1830, in reply to a Letter written to him, referring to -the proceedings of the Virginia Legislature of 179S- U9, as appealed to in behalfoflhe Nulli fying doctrine which ha l then jusl bloomed in to existence. Without a word ol comment (be cause it Wfiitlri !. I kft K nr ei i mrt iiaii P') er from the Letter the follow! inn passages touching the rvomti pmhrtrcH in inL, ,n!irhin(T r.. the Enquirer's argument : 44 Between these different Constitutional Go 4 vernments, the one operating in all the Stales, 4 the others operating separately in each, with 'the aggregate powers of Government diri. 'ded between them.it coutd not escape atten ' tion that controversies would arise concerning Mhe boundaries nf jurisdiction, and that some 4 provision oujiht to be made for such occurren 4 ces. .4 jmJUical system that does not provide 4 for a peaceable and authoritative termination 'of occurring conl rover ties, wuld not be more than the shadow of a Government, ihe object 4 and end of a real Government being the iub. 4 stitotiou of law and order for uncertainty, con--4 fusion, and violence." 44 The Constitution has expressly declared 4 1, 4 That the Constitution, and the laws made 4 in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made un I 'der ihe authority of the Uuited Slates, shall be 4 the supreme law of the land; 2, that the ! 4 Judges of every Stale shall be bound thereby, 'any thing in the constitution and laws of any i 4 Slate lo ihe contrary notwithstanding; 3, that ' 4 the Judicial power of the United Slates shall i 4 extend to all cases in law and equity arising 'under the Constitution, the laws of ihe United i 'Slates, and treaties made under their authori- My.'ccc." "Should the provisions of the Consitution be 4 found not to secure ihe government and rrgbis 4 of the States against usurpations and abuses 4 on the part of the United Slate, the final re. 4 sort wUhin the purvietc of the Constitution lies - 4 IX AN AMENDMENT OF THE CoXSTITUTION, 4 according to a process applicable by the Slates. 44 And in the event ol" the failure of every 4 constitutiqnal resort, and an accumulation of 4 usurpations and abuses rendering passive obe 4 dience and non-resistance and revolution, there can remain but one resort, ihe last of all an 4 appeal from the cancelled obligations of 4 the compact to original rights and ihe law" j 4 of self-preservation. This is the ultima ratio 4 under all Governments, whether consolidated 4 confederated, or a compound of both ; and it I 4 cannot be doubted that a single member of the 4 Union, not a Confederacy of States. KdU ' 4 tors in the extremity supposed, blt in that 'only, would have a riht, as an extra and ul ! 4 tra constitutional right, lo make the appeal.' I 44 The Constitution is a compact ; its text Is I 4 to he expounded according to the provisions for I ' expounding if making a part of the romjtact ; j 4 and mine of the parties can rightfully renounce ' the exjtounding provision more than any other 'part." I "That the Legislature of Virginia could I 4 not have intended to sanction such a doctrine, ' is to be inferred from the debates in the House 4 of Delegates, and from ihe addres of ihe two 4 houses lo their constituents-on the subject of 4lho resolutions. The tenor of the debates, j 4 which were ably conducted, and are under 4 stood to have been revised lor Ihe press by " i 'most, if nl all of the speakers, discloses no reference, vhatevrr to a constitutional right of ' an itidiriduul Slate to arrest bq force the opt. ration of the lair of the. United Slates." Gun. ' cert among ihe .Stales for redresi against ihe ' alien and sedition laws, the acts of usurped 4 power, was a leading sentiment ; and ihe at ' luinment ol a concert the immediate object of the course adopted by ibe LciUture, which ' was tliHl of inviiing tbe other Slates lo con cur in declaring the ru ts to be uuconatitution 4 al, and lo co operate, by the necessary and 4 proper measure, in maintaining unimpaired 4 the authorities, right?, and liberties reserved lo the Slates respectively and lo the People. ' That, by the nec-sarv and proper meaure, 4 to be concurrent! if ami C(nMTatirely taken, ' icere. meant measures knows: to tiik Co'aTI- TiTKiN, particularly ibe ordinary control of ' the People and Leoi;.itiirp9 of the Sialet over 4 the t Government of the L nited States, can. not UK Dot UTKtJ." " It U worthy of remirk, and explanatory of 4 ihe intentions of the Legislature, that ihe 4 words 4 not law, but utterly null. void, and of 4 no force or effect, ' which had followed, in one 4 of the resolution, the word 4 unconstitutional.' 1 were st ru':k out by common consent. Though 4 the word were, iu fact, but synnvmoui with ' unconstitutional,' vet, to rjiird against a mi 'understanding of tliit phrase as more than 4 declaratory of opinion. th word ' unronstitu ' lionl' alone was retained, as not liable to that 'danger. 44 The p ib!i-bed Adlress r.f tlie Legislature 4 lo the people, their const i' of nu. affords nnolh. ' er conclusive evidence "f its view. 'Hie -ad- dress wa rn? them against the encroaching pir. it ol ihe (lenerai (Government ; argues the un. ' con-iiiutionaliiy of the-alien and sedition act ; 'poin's lo othr in-lanc's iu which the oonti. 4 tutional limit hail been overleaped ; dweU nr 4 on the dangerous niojo ot deriving tower by 4 implication ; and. i.i gen -ral. presses itte no 4 cesit y of watching over 'he consolidating lon 4 dency of the Federal po'icy. B'd nothing is 4 sairl tft if ran be tindcrxt 1 In look to means 4 of mam'tiini'i'j ihe rights of the S'a'e-t b'unad 'the regular ones, within Tin: form- of the 4 C'oTITl TION. t . "1 - ? t a 4 V s i , I i c t ' i i 1 :i i 4 iU-1 f : i if.-; .!' ;