North Carolina Newspapers

! control. Tbl failure is much to be regretted, I bo agricultural Und bould, however, b as it has prerented the Secretary of the lnten surveyed und bruughi into market with lit. lie delay at ftouible, that the titles may I- come settled, and taqj iubaWtanli stimulated to make permanent improvement , and enter on the ordinary pursuit of lib. To effect these objects it is Uetiraute that the necessary proti. ion be made by law for the establthnent of Und offices in California aud Oregon, and for the efficient prosecution of the surveys at an early day. Some difTicuiiif hae occurred ?n organizing tbe Territorial governments of New Mexico and Utah ; and, when more accurate inform, lion shall be olluined of the causes, a fqrher communication will he made on that subject. In my Jut annu.il communication to Con gress 1 recommended the establishment ol an Agricultural Bureau, and I lake ibis occasion again to invoke yoar favorable consideration of tho subject. Agriculture may justly ha rr2arM as the great interest of our people. pour-fid b of our active population are employed in ihe cullira tion of the soil, and the rapid expansion of our settlements over new teriitory is (Jajly adding lo the number ol those engaged in tht voca tion. Justice and soipid policy, therefore, alike require that the Government should use all the roeanj authorized by th,e Conititutiou lo pro mote, the interests a.n.0 welfare of that impor. tant class of fur fellqw.citizenj.. And yet it is a lingular (At that. whiUt the manufacturing and commercial Jnjereits hare engaged the at tention of Congress during t large portion ol eery session, an4 our statutesabound in pro. visions for iheir protection and encouragement litlre has. yet been done directly for the ad vancement of agriculture. It is time that this reproach lo our legislation should ba removed ; find 1 sincerely hope thai the present Congiess will notrduse their labors without adopting ef ficient means to supply the omiiions of those who bae preceded tbem. An Agricultural (oreau. charged with the duty of cuIJectiiig and disseminaiing correct in formation as to the beit modes of cultivation. and of the most eftjcluaj mcns of preserving or from making the decennial apportionment of representatives among (he Slates, as required by the act approved May 2$, 1850. ItJ hop ed, however, that the return will toon b re ceived, and no ijme will then be lost in making the necessary apportionment and in transmit, ling the certificate required by law. The Superintendent of the Seventh Census is diligently employed, under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior, in classifying and arranging, in tabular form, all the statistical in. formation derived from the returns of the mar shals, and it is believed that when the work shalj be completed it wjll exhibit a, rnore per fect vjew of the population, wealth, occupation?, and social condition of a great country, than has ever been presenter to he work. The value of such a work, as the basis of enlight ened legislation, can hardly be over estimated; and I earnestly hope that Congress will lose no lime n making the appropriations necessary to complete the classifications, and to publish the defence. It cannot be increased, however, without an increase of Ihe. army; and 1 again recommend that measure as indispensable to the protection ol the frontier. U I invite your, attention to the suggestions on thfs subject, and on others connected with his Department, it) the report o( the Secretary of War. The appropriations for the support of the ar my during the current fiscal year ending 30th June next, were reduced far below the estimate submitted by the Department. The conse. quetice of this reduction is a considerable defi ciency, to which I invite your early attention. The expenditures of that Department, for the year ending 80th, June last, were 89,000263 53. The estimates for the year commencing 1st July next and ending June 30, 1853, are 87.898,715 83 ; showing a reduction of $1,101, 492 75. The Board of Commissioners, to whom the management of the affairs of the Militarry Asy lum created by the act of 3d March last was entrusted, have selected a site lor the establish- pentouMhat .here .houIJ U, ,n enlir. .-p-1 of "'"imc.nl C?T"i"f .tile. the naval service proper from those' for uerma Rent improvements at navy yards and stations. and from ocean steam. mail. service, and other lUMt r . rnm i as and adopt ihe advantages 01 several. The reat object to be accomplished was 10 rwi.i vA-....AnnA a.s.- r make such an addition as would afford ample t".ss wojta ssaeiuw w v 4J tuuci itU Mf " " . . - our national character. The want of a uniform lee bill, prescribing tbe compensation to be allowed district attor neys, clerk?, marshals, and commissioners in civil and criminal cases, is the cause of much vexation,, injustice, and complaint. I would recommend a thorough revision of the laws on the whole subject, and the adoption of a tariff of fees which, asfar as practicable,-should be uniform, and prescribe a specific compensation for every service which the officer may be re quired to perform. This subject will be fp'.'.y presented in the report of the Secretary of the Interior. In my last annual message Igave briefly my reasons for believing thai youpossessed jhe constitutional power to improve the harbors 'of ourreal lakes and seacoast, and the naviga tion ol our principal rivers, and recommended that appropriations should be made for complet-ing-such .orlis as had already been commenc ed, an'i for commencing such others as might sem to the wisdom of Congress to be of pub lie and tei.eral imnnrlanrp. YViihmit ronpat. and restoring the fertility of the soil, ant offing the reasons then prged, I deem it my duty procuring and distributing seed and plants and again to call your attention to this important other vegetable productions, with nstiuclions subject. The works on many of the harbors in regard to the soil, climate, and treatment were left in an unfinished state, and conse best adapted, to their growth, could not fail lo qoenily exposed lo the action of the elements. in iuo language o.i vashtngtoi, in his last j wh;ch is last destroying iherri. Great numbers u vui'uress. a " verv rhean 01 lives ana vast amounts nl nmnoriv ara an. results ina style worihy of the subject and of! rnent of an Asylum in the vicinity of this city, annual me.-ie instrumonl of immense national bonefif." . Regarding the act ol Congress approved 28th September, 1350. granting bounty lands to persons who had been engaged in thrmilitary soryiee of Ihe country, as a great measure ol national justice and munjlicence, an anx ious desire has been felt, by the officers en trusted with its immediate execution, lo give prompt eirecl lo its provisions. All ihe means within Iheir control were, therefore, brought into requisition to expedite ihe adjudication of claims, and I am gratified to be able to state that near' one hundred "thousand applications have been considered, and about seventy ihou and warrants issued within ihe short space of nine months. II adequate provision be made by law lo carry into eirect the recommenda tions of the Department, it is confidently expect cd that, before the close of the next fiscal year, all who are entitid lo the benefits of the act will have received iheir warrants. The Secretary of the Interior has suested in his repoit yxious amendment of the laws relating to pensions and bounty lands, for ihe purpose of more effectually guarding against abuses and frauds on tho Government, loall of which I inrite your particular attention. The large accession lo our Indian population consequent upon the acquisition of New Mexi co and California, and the extension of our set ilements into Utah and Oregon, have given in creased interest and importance to our rela lions with tiie aboriginal race. ' No mateiiat change has taken place, within the Ust year, in ihe condition and prospects of the Indian liibes who reside in the Northwest. rn Territory and west of ihe Mississippi river. We are at peace with all of them; and it will bo a source of pleasure layou to learn that they are gradually advancing in civilisation, and the pursuits of social life, Along tho Mexican frontier, and in Califor. ma. and Oregon, they have been occasional manifestations of unlriendly feeling, and some depredations committed. I am satisfied, how ever, lhat they resulted more Irom the destitute and starving condition of the Indians than from uny sealed hostility toward the whiles. As the settlements of our citizens nriurna iar.t- them, the game 11p4.11 which ihey mainly rely ir ail.-.:i. ....... J rr f J . .... is uriven ort or-destroyed, and the only alternative led to ihetn is starvation or pluuder. It becomes us to consider, in view l this condition of things, whether justice and hurnanuy, as well as an enlightened economy do not require thai, insteaoVof seeking to pui.Uh tbem for olfences which are ihe result of our own policy toward them, we should not pro. tide for their immediate wants and encourage ihem to engage in agriculture, and lo rely on u eir latior, instead ol the chase, for the means ol support. Various Important treaties have been nero-- iiaieu wiin diuYreui tribes du - .. . I. ! . I . 1 . -"MMnnniii ioure and va uab s nxnr country has been extinguished, all oT which will, at jhe proper time, be submitted lo the benatu for ratification- t, 'li0'"1 commiiion under the treaty ol Ouadalupe Hidalgo "haa been actively en-a.'ed In running and marking the boundary line be-twe-n lh United Slates and Mexico. It was slated, Ir, the last annual report of the Secre. lary of (he Interior, lhat the initial point on the Jaciflc and the poinf ol junction of the Gila with Ihe Colorado river had been determined, and the intervening line, about one hundred and filly miles in length, run and marked by temporary mouuments. Since lhat lime a nvn ument of marble has been erected arthe initial point, and permanent landmarks of iron have been placed at suitable distances along the line. J he initul p.,jnl on lne Kio rjranda ba, a(go ooT" by ,be COfrmissioners at latitude 20 22 and at the date of the last communication tbe survey f ihH line had been made ihence westward about one hundred and fifty miles to the neighborhood of the copper mines. The commission on our part was at first or-ganix-d ona scalo which experience proved lb , be unwieldly and attended with unnecessary eipense. Orders have, iberefore, been issued for ihe reduction of ihe number of persons em ployed within the smallest limits, consistent wilh the safeiyif those engaged in ihe service, and the prompt and efBcieut execution of their important duties. Returns have been received from all the of. ficers engaged in taking ihe census in the States j and Territories, except Calibirnia. I he su perinlendenl employed lo make ihe enumera tion in that State has not yet made his full re. port, from causes, as he alleges, beyond his nually lost for want of safe and convenient har bors on ihe lakes, rohe but those who have been exposed to that dangerous navigation can fully appreciate tbe importance of this subject. The whole North West appeals lo you for re lief, and I trust their appeal will receive due consideration at your hands. The same is in a njeasure true in regard to some of the harbors and inlets on the seacoast. The unobstructed navigation of our large rivers is of equal importance. Our settlements are now extending lo ihe sources of the great rivers which empty into, and forma part of the Mississippi, and the value of the public lands in those regions would be greatly enhanced by freeing the navigation of those waters from ob structions. In view, therefore, of this great interest, I deem it my duty again to urge upon Congress to make suh appropriations for these improvements as they may deem necessary. The survey of the DelTa of the Mississippi, wilh a view to the prevention of ihe overflows lhat have proved so disastrous to that region of country, have been nearly completed, and the reports thereof are now in course of prepara lion, and will shortly be laid before you. The protection of our southwestern Irontier, and of the adjacent Mexican States, against the Indian tribes within our border, has claimed my earnest and constant attention Congress having failed, at the last session, to adopt my recommendation that an additional regiment of mounted men specially adapted to lhat service should be raised, all that remained to be done was to make ihe best use of the means at my disposal. Accordingly, all the troops adapted 10 lhat service lhat -could propeTly be spared from other quarters have been concentrated on that frontier, and officers of high reputation se lected to command them, A new arrangement of the military pots has also been made where by the troops) tre brought nearer to the Mexican frontier and to the tribes they are intended to overawe. Sufficient time.has hot yet elapsed to realize all the benefits lhat are expected to result from these arrangements, but I have every reason lo hope that they will effectually check their Marauding expeditions. The nature ol the country, which furnishes little for the support of an army and abounds in places of refuge and concealment, is rfemarkably well adapted to (his predatory warfare ; and we can scatce ly 1iope that any military force, combined with the greatest vigilance'j can entirely suppress it. By the treaty of Gaudalupe Hidalgo we are bound to protect the territory of Mexico against the incursions of the savage tribes wiihFn our border "with equal diligence and energy" as iflhe same were made within our territory or against our citizens. I have endeavored to comply, as far as possible, with this provision of ihe treaty. Orders have been .Mvn to ih ring the year, by j officers commanding op lhat frontier to consider tbe Mexican territory and j:s Inhabitants as equally with our own; entitled lo their protec tion ; and to make all their plans and arrange, ments wilh a veiw to the attainment of this oh ject. Instructions have also been given to the Indian commissioners and agents among these tribes, in all treaties, to make tbe clauses de signed for the protection of our own citizens apply also lo those of Mexico. I have no rea son lo donbt that these instructions have been fully carried into effect. Nevertheless, it is probable lhat, in spite of all our efforts, some ofj me neighboring Statsof Mexico may have suflered, as our own have, from oepredations by Ihe Indians. To the difficulties of defending our own ter rilory, as above mentioned, are snperadded, in defending that of Mexico, those that arise from its remoteness, from the fact lhat we have nd right to station our troops wilhin her limits, and that there is no efficient military force on tbe Mexican side to co-operate with our own. , So long as this shall continue to be the case, the number and activity of our troops will rather increase than diminish tbe evil, as the Indians will naturally turn towards that country where they encounter the least resistance. Yet these troops are necessary to subdue tbem, and to compel them to make aud observe treaties. Untii this shall have been done, neither coun ry will enjoy any security from their attacks. The Indians in California, who bad previous ly appeared of a peaceable character, and dis posed to cultivate the friendship of tbe whites, have recently committed several acts of hostili ly. , As a large portion of the reinforcements sent to the Mexican frontier were drawn from toe Pacific, ihe military force now stationed there is considered entirely inadequate lo its which has been approved by me. subject to ihe production of a satisfactory title. The report of the Secretary of the Navy will exhibit the condition of the public service under the supervision of that Department. Our naval force afloat during the present year has been actively and usefully employed in giving pro. leciion to our widely-extended and increasing commerce ar.d interests in the various quarters of tho globe, and our flag has everywhere a fiord ed the security and received the respect in spired by the justice and liberality of our inter course, and the dignity and power of the nation. The expedition commanded by Lieutenant I)e Haven, despatched in search of the British commander, Sir John Franklin, and his com panions in the Arctic Seas, returned to New York in the month of October, after having un dergone great peril and suffering from an un known and dangerous navigation and the rig- sa o ors of a nothern climate, without any satisfac tory information ol the objects of their search, but with new contributions to science and navi gation from the unfrequented polar regions. The officers and men of the expedition, having been all volunteers for this service, and having so conducted it as to meet the entire approba tion of the Government, it is suggested, as an act of grace and generosity, that the same al lowance of extra pay and emoluments be ex tended lo them that were made to the officers j and men of like rating in the late exploring ex pedition to the South Seas. I earnestly recommend to your attention the 1 necessity of reorganizing the Naval Establish, merit, apportioning and fixing the number of officers in each grade, providing some mode of promotion to ihe. higher grades of the navy, having reference to merit and capacity, rather than seniorty or date of entry into Ihe service, and for retiiing from the effective list upon re. duced pay those who may be incompetent to the p3rformance of active duty. As a mea sure of economy as well as of efficiency in this arm of the service, the provision last mentioned is eminently worihy of your consideration. The determination of the questions of rela live rank between the sea officers and civil of ficers of the navy, and between officers of ihe army and navy, in the various grades of each, will also merit your attention. The failure to provide any substitute, when corporal punish, ment was abolished for offences in the navy, has occasioned the convening of numerous courts-martial upon the arrival of vessels in port, and is believed lo have had an injurious effect upon the discipline and efficiency of the service. To moderate punishment from one grade to another is among the humane reforms of the age ; but to abolish one of severity, which applied so generally to offences on ship, board, and provide nothing in its stead, is to suppose a progress of improvement in every iudivjj'.'al among seamen which is not assumed by the Legislature in respect to any other class of men. It is hopeJ Jhat Congress, in the am pie opportunity afforded by the present session, will thoroughly investigate this important sub ject, and establish such modes of delermi'ng guilt, and such gradations of punishment as are consistent with humanity and the- personal rights of individuals, and at the same lime shall ensure the most energetic and efficient perfor mance of duty and of the suppression of crime in our ships of war. The stone dock in the navy yard at New York, which was ten years in process of con struction. has been so far finished as to be sur. rendered up to tho authorities of ihe yard. The dry dock at Philadelphia is reported as comple. teoSand is expected soon to be tested and de. livered over to the agents of the Government. That at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, is also nearly ready for delivery; and a contract has been concluded, agreeably to the act of Con gress at its last session, for a floating sectional dock on the Bay of San Francisco. I invite your attention la the recommendation of the Department touching the establishment of a navy yard in conjunction with this dock on the Pacific. Such a station is highly necessary to the convenience and effectiveness of our fleet in that ocean, which must be expected to in. crease with the growth of commerce, and the rapid extension of our whale fisheries over its waters. The Naval Academy at nnapolis, under a revised and improved system of regulations, now affords opportunities of education and in. struction lo the pupils quite equal, it is believed, for professional improvement, to those enjoyed by the cadets in the Military Academy. A large class of acting midshipmen was received at the commencement of the last academic term, and a practice ship has been attached to the institution, to afford the amplest means for reg ular instruction in seamanship, as well as for cruises during the vacations of three or four months in each year. Ihe advantages of science in nautical affairs have rarely been more strikingly illustrated than in ihe fact stated in the report of the Navy Department, lhat, by means of the wind-and current charts, projected and prepared by Lieu tenant Maury, Ihe Superintendent of (lie Naval Observatory, the passage from the Atlantic lo the Pacific ports of our country has been sbor tened by about forty days. The estimates for the support of the Navy and Marine Corps the ensuing fiscal year will be found lo be $5,856,472 10, the estimates for the current year being $5,900,621. Tbe estimates for special objects under the control of this Department amount to 82,684, 220 89, against 82,210,980 for the present year, the increase being occasioned by the ad ditional mail service on the Pacific coast and ibe construction of the dock in California, au thorized al the last session of Congress, and this Department. The report of the Postmaster General, here, with communicated, presents an interesting view of ihe progress, operations, and condition of his Department. Ai the close of ihe last fiscal year, the length of mail roots within the United States was 19G.290 miles ; the annua) transportation there, on 53,272,252 miles ; and ihe annual cost of such transportation 83,421,754. The length of ihe foreign mail routes is esti. mated at 18,349 miles; and the annual trans portation thereon at 615,206 miles. Tbe an nual cost of this service is 81.472. 187, of which 8448,937 is paid by ihe Post Ofljce Depart, menl, and 81,023,250 is paid through the Na vy Department. The annual transportation icithin ihe Ui.iled States (excluding the service in Calilornia and Oregon, which is now, for the first time, repcr . am a I . ' ft j and convenient balls lor Ibe ueiioeranons ui I ihe two Houses of Congress, with sufficient i accommodation, lor spectators, and suitable ! apaitments for tbe committees and officers of iKfl twn hranches of the Legislature. It was ANOTHER LETTEu' - I DOW.NXo The Downinstille Pu ; Gales Sc Seato . t- V i O. 1, to you two or thret; w "other long talk with C lM the rickety consam nf ' Hi) a J 1 I m 1 also desirable not lo mar the narmony ana : me country, and about ct , kutv of the present structure, which, as a platform to stand tv ? 'riti . f - : r.,IU rl ul.l r .l ' -"'CI specimen oi arconeciure, i j -milted. Keeping these objects in view. I con cluded lo make the addition by wings, detach ed from ihe present building, yet connected with it by corridors. This mode or enlarge, ment will leave the present Capiiol uninjured. ' and afford great advantages for ventilation and ! Ihe admission of light, and will enable the j work to progress without interrupting ibe de- ihia nian 1 into effect I have aonointed an experienced and of tbe ship, and trim th 1 competent architect. Tbe corner stone was j thought best, and man the U! laid on the 4th day of July Ial, with suitable work has hold fifth. tnw; I-. 1 Ke n. i . S liberty. Ue,yioK or we are a gone goose nJM ' never get along i lLia i twenty parties. ftnt 1 all the rest. When VlV hut 1 U'n r.n;. l. 'r,tL -- f-.,...o, nf, 3a ted and embraced in the tabular tiiPmpnN rS ceremonies, since which lime (he the Department) exceeds lhat of the preceding advanced with commendable rapidity, and the year 6,162,855 miles, and an increased cost of 8547,1X0. The whole number of post offices in the Uni ted Slates, on the 30th day o! Juue last, was 19,796. There were 1,693 post offices estab lished, and 256 discontinued, during tbe year. The gross revenues of the Department for the fical year, including the appropriations for the franked matter ol Congress, of the Depart, ments, and officers of Government, and exclu ding the foreign postages, collected for and pay. able to, the British post office, amounted to 86,727,866 78. The expenditures of the same period, (in. eluding 820,599 49, paid under an award of the Auditor, in pursuance of a resolution of the last Congress, for mail service on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers iff 1832 and 1833, and the amount paid lo ihe British post office for lor eign postages collected for and payable to that office) amounted to 6,024,566 79 ; leaving a balance of revenue over the proper expendi. tures of ihe year of 8703,299 99. The receipt for postages during the year (excluding ihe foreign postages collected for and payable to the British post office) amount ed to 86,345,748 21, being an increase of 8997,610 79, or 18.65 100 per cenl. over the like receipts for the preceding year. The reduction of postage, under the act of March last, did nol take eflect until the com mencement of the present fiscal year. The accounts for the first quarter, under the opera tion ol the reduced rates, will not be settled belore January next ; and no reliable estimate of the receipts for the present year can yet be made. Ii is believed, however, that they will fall far short of those of the last year. The surplus of the revenues now on hand is, how ever, so large lhat no further appropriation Irom the treasury, in aid of the revenue of the De partment, is required for the current fiscal year; but an additional appropriation for the year ending June 30, 1853, will probably be found necessary when the receipts of the first two quarters of the fiscal year are fully ascertained. In. his last annual report the Postmaster Ge neral recommended a reduction of postage to rales which he deemed as low as could be pru dently adopted, unless Congress was prepared lo appropriate from the treasury, for the sup. port of the Department, a sum more than eqoiv. alent to ihe mail services performed by ii for the Government. The recommendations of the Postmaster General, in respect lo letter post age, except on letters from and to California and Oregon, were substantially adopted by the last Congrers. He now lecommends adher ence to the present letter rates, and advises against a further reduction until justified by the revenue of Department He also recommends that the rates of post age on printed matter be so revised as to ren der them more simple, aud more uniform in their operation upon all classes of printed mat. ter. I submit the recommendations of ibe re port to your favorable consideration. The public statutes of the United States have now been accumulating for more than sixty years, and, interspersed with private acts, are scattered through numerous volumes, and, from the cost ol the whole, have become almost in accessible to the great mass of the community. They also exhibit much of the incongruity and imperfection of hasty legislation. As it seems to be generally conceded lhat there is no com mon law" of the United States to supply the delects of iheir legislation, it is most important lhat that legislation should be as perfect as pos sible, defining every power intended to be con. ferred, every crime intended to be made pun ishable, and prescribing ihe punishment lo be inflicted. In addition to some particular cases spoken of more at length, the whole criminal code is now lamentably delective. Some of fences are impeifectly described, and others are entirely omitted ; so lhat flagrant crimes may be committed with impunity. The scale of punishment is not in all cases graduated ac cording to the degree and nature of the offence, and is often rendered more unequal by the dif ferent modes of imprisonment, or peniteniary confinement, in the different Stales. Many laws of a permanent character have been introduced into appropriation bills, and it is often difficult lo determine whether the par ticular clause expires with the temporary act of which it is a part, or continues in force. It has also frequently happened lhat enactments and provisions of law have been introduced into bills, with ihe title or general subject of which they have little or no connexion or relation. In this mode of legislation so many enact ments have been heaped upon each other, and often with but little consideration, lhat, in many instances, it is difficult to search out and deter mine what is the Jaw. The Government of the United Slates is em phatically a government of written laws. Tbe statutes should, therefore, as far as practicable, not only be made accessible lo all, but be ex pressed in language so plain and simple as to be-understood by all, and arranged in such method as lo give perspicuity lo every subject. Many of ihe States have revised their public acts with great and manifest benefit ; and I re commend that provision be made by law for tbe appointment of a commission to revise the public statutes of ihe United States, arranging them in order, supplying deficiencies, cor'ect. iog incongruities, simplifying their language and reporting ihem lo Congress for i'.s action. An act of Congress approved 30th Sepiem. uer, nou, contained a pro,sjoq for the exlen. foundations of both wings are now ueurly com plete. I ajjain commend to your favorable regard the inter ests of the District of Columbia, and deem it only ne. cessary to remind you, lhat although its inhabitant have no voice in the choice of representatives in Con gress, they are not the less entitled to a jaet and liberal consideration in your legislation. My opinions on this subject were more fully expressed in my last annual communication. Other subjects were brought to the attention of Con gress in my last annual message, to which I would res pectfully refer. But there was one of more than ordi nary interest to which I again invite yonr special atten tion. I allude to the recommendation for the appoint ment of a commission to settle private claims against the United States. Justice to individuals as well as to the Government imperatively deminds that some more con venient and expeditiout) mode than an appeal to Con gress should be adopted. It is deeply to be regretted that in several instances officers of the Government, in attempting to execute the law most nlwnys stood a cW.Ce' t they that wasn't beat coalj . , H , " t rr mnvinrr -n thn . ' one agin nineteen everVuC" the country, and if ihe guoj'' get ashore in the squabble'" n rocks somewhere, it miut i that'll gave her. 1 Ye spe. Major." says l r,c, we must ml 0.-...... lllvt flDfl intn W miiu 1'iriies nin L other. 1 can 1 exactly see vet i. it; but the Ihtnir mnt i. J . , Uir. . its gone goose with us. oegin anew. Jt can t 1(' hr.i r . n L- 1 'f'' cro nater of the thing. All out 11 you Keep m too Jong ja field; and when you find te bear hardly not bin but wav f n Mm nan tkQ ' so with the first two old 1! 1 .11 for the return of the fugitive from labor, have beeu : JeralistS and Republicans' h ( :" ily resisted, and efforts frustrated and defeated by I i,inrr r i.ht . 1 i' ess and violent mobs; that in one case such resist- "IIn& l "Shl ftb"1 a,,d k'fp 'J lur some yrnrs. jne. deral Government open lawless ance resulted in the death of an estimable citizen, and in others serious injury ensued to lhoe officers and to individuals who wre using their endeavors to sustain the laws. Prosecutions have been instituted against tho alleged offenders, so far as they could be identified, and are still pending. I have regarded it as my duty, in these cases, to give all aid legally in my power to the enforcement of the laws, and I shall continue to do so wherever and whenever their execution may be resisted. The act of Congress for the return of fugitives from labor is one required and demanded by the express words of the Constitution. The Constitution declares, " That no person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due." This cour stitutional provision is equally obligatory upon the Legis lative, the Executive, and Judicial Departments of the Government, and upon every citizen of the U. Slates. Congress, however, muct, from necessity, first act upon the subject, by prescribing the proceedings neces sary to ascertain that the person is a fugitive, and the means to be used for his restoration to the claimant. This was done by an act passed during the first term of President Washington, which was amended by that en acted by the last Congress, and it now remains for the Executive and Judicial Departments to take care lhat these laws be faithfully executed. This injunction of the Constitution is as peremptory and as binding as any other ; it stands exactly on the same foundation as that clause which provides for the return of fugitives from justice, or that which declarts that no bill of attainder or ex pott facto law shall be passed, or that which pro vides for an equality of taxation, according to the cen sus, or the clause declaring that all duties shall be uni form throughout the United States, or the important provision lhat the trial of all crimes shall be by jury. Thew several articles and clauses of the Constitution, all resting on the same authority, must stand or fall to gether. Some objections have been urged against the details of the act for the return of fugitives from labor ; but it is worthy of remark that the main opposition is aimed against the Constitution itself, and proceeds from persons and classes of persons, many of whom declare their wish to see that Constitution overturned. They avow their hostility to any law which shall give full and practical effect to this requirement of the Constitution. Fortunately, the number of these persons is compara tively small, and is believed to be daily diminishing, but the issue which they present is one which involves the supremacy and even the existence of the Constitution. Cases have heretofore arisen in which individuals have denied the binding authority of acts of Congress, and even States have proposed to nullify such acts, npon the ground that the Constitution was the supreme law of the land, and that those acts of Congress were repug nant to that instrument ; but nullification is now aimed not so much against particular laws as being inconsist- HTter a while both parties fottf.d ( ent with the Constitution, as against the Constitution could do as well without a "reat itself; and is not to be disguised that a spirit exists and i.i. .1 11 ' has been actively at work to rend assunder this Union, ,ftnk aS UiP' C0U,(j which is our cherished inheritance from our revolution- dropped that quarrel. Then orr .! lamciB. , infil wanted a verv hiifh taritl t au my ijm annual message i stated mat l considered the series of measures, which had been adopted at the previous session, in reference to the agitation growing out of the Territorial and slavery questions, as a final settlement in principle and substance of the dangerous and exciting subjects which they embraced ; and I re commended adherence to the Adjustment established by those measures, until time and experience should de monstrate the necessity of further legislation to guard against evasion or abuse. I was not induced to make this recommendation because I thought those measures perfect, for no human legislation can be perfect. Wide differences and jarring opinions can only be reconciled by yielding something on all sides, and this result had ' been reached after an angry conflict of many months, ! in which one part of the country was arrayed against an- j other, and violent convulsion seemed to be imminent. j Looking at the interests of the whole country, I f-lt it to be my duty to seize upon this Compromise as the best that could be obtained amid conflicting interests, j and to insist upon it as a final settlement, to be adhe-ed to by all who value the peace and wellfare of the conn- ! try. A year has now elapsed since that recommenda- 1 tion was made. To that recommendation I still ad- ' here, and I congratulate you and the country upon the i general acquiescence in these measaresof peace, which I has been exhibited in all parts of the Republic. And j not only is there this general acquiescence in these ",r"ur, oui me spru ol conciliation which has been manifested in regard to them in all parts of the county, has removed doubts and uncertainties in the minds of I thousands of good men concerning the durability of our popular institutions, and riven renewed awm our Liberty and our Union may subsist together for the benefit of this and all succeeding generation. j - . MILLARD FILLMORE. Wabimjton, December 2, 1851. , to get along well, and t'other s. it was too strong. And .0 :hM battle out year after year, till got used to tbe workinir ol ii. :H ment, and found it didn't wanu! in either way. And so iheyV in, except a little once in n " fun of it; and tbe two partieiV' be sociable like, and to tali ;J across from one rank tot'othfr. Afraid In rnm r' nun as v ; chaw of tobacco across to one .' the nint of ihe haennnt if u... - in ia. kind of mixed up like, and somes" side and some t'other, and lor:,: vtrln I ti KaL. nnA.l t 1 o.,.. iuij uciuujru in. nioi.H Monroe come in and looked how the ranks stood, hfs tirM Why. fact, what Jt treron ouv ore all Federalists ; uc an all A'.u l. r, . Ii . una tunic to pass. nu Mere tLe L- old parlies died out, and new o ted up and took their places.' Here Uncle Jo.hun tot up anJ me tire and knocked Ihe asbtsoiJ pipe and put in a little mure toU sot down airin. Well, now, Major,' ,iys hr, ; jest so with the last two preat rr. Whigs and Democrats. AsWf had any think to fight aLoc: ih keep their ranks straight k; , was who, and they did do it lor 1 many years. One wanted a ur tariff, and t'other iJi'.fnt; one ui a . . I . i I' I 1 vrr iow larm ; one wanfeU IoGr;u like all posstWd. wilh making ru . ...... 1 1 .1 11. 1 . . .1 .! canals auu trie like, anu oiur want to go a step that way. Ar..r drew the lines and lit it out l and how hard they lit I needn't ' Major, for you and (Jineral J.vi a hand in it and know all abci very think they had pitched il raih'r and were willing to take one co ble lower. And some ol ihcmtii ted a very low tarill' begun to ii.' to feci too, lhat they had picti low, and begged for one cor. higher. So the jig was up more party fightin on that -corf as for roads and canal. W found otfl at last that tbem so:: would go ahead any how. part '" ty, and it was no sort of um- to -'em. Sotere was the end old parties have bad iheir da : you, Major, they are both atir"--" rins ; they've died a nat raldr - , 4 Why. Uncle Joshua.' sas 1 to me you are gelling wild. Ih the old parties are dead ' l Whigs and Democrats in eu'-, mouth from mornin till nicht ' L we got Whig papers and Df-rr.f-" from one pnd nf th roimtrv tJI ' Don't we every day hear ol U: ings and Democrat meeting : States? Haven't Mr. Donald5 got things all cut and dried for Baltimore Convention to noni '1' sident ? And ain't the Whir time talking about a naionl cS to nominate a President on t .... ik. - fan nil ii ion of Ihe Capjtol, according Q iucrj pJ might be approved by ibe President, ar an at ... l-J I . t ,. . . " v uc ucuucu uuuer ... direction, by 5uch architect uVuuu,u ,,Po,n ,0 execute ibe ame. Q, exam-mug the TarOUf Ung M aubmmcd by different architect,, j pur ft f t M n. 0.le?.., v.... Uo .nv. . r., rM mousana do an to 1 men 9 arj(j repairs in nary yaras, ouuuings auu machinery. I deem jt of more importance to a just econ omy, and a correct understanding of natal ex ANOTHER AWFUL T II AG ED Y. An awful trairedv Was enacted near A I. ii . . . i oany on 1 nursdav nirrht. It annears iht 1 Thn h. John Moore and his wife Elizabeth, resi- Democratic parlies are dead r nuuui uc mites irom me city, whilst ' in a state ol Intoxication, got to quarrel- I ing when the husband, who had a double- j barreled gnn in hand, fired at his wife, ' Wowing ofTthe right side of her head. ' He then fired the contents of the other ' barrel into his right side, pulling tbe trig. ' ger with bis foot, tbe ball entering hi hJieart. Two little girls, their children, were lound weeping over the bodies. It is a matter of speculation that not, one single prominent candidate of the De mocracy for the Presidency, voted for the Fugitive Slave Bill. How this is. we leave Here Uncle Joshua laid !. and I see he wa. in am-'; f ' "' iah laid her nittin work doW he was in arnest too. And I - c turned round to me. and s 1 tell you lte old UVu'- al X ties are as dead as tuo .; names may be alive yet. r' may think fur a good while to are fightin agin the W hi? f sr. 1 If. the Democrat pariv. je' ft- inougni ne was ugniin M Aral mi.1,1 f . - V. a n t W'f fi'T . fit i.w 11 ir Kiiflirr I nan V I .w. " . , .L. J. ill J I 1 T icr inev was an oeau. to the wiseacres of that narfv In rlrir1 1 fips tbe nma uhn the U'e ' no doubt their ingenuity will enable them j The two parties can't nevrr to reconcile their inconsistent conduct ened out into a line again with the "exclusive patronage which this other as ihey used to. VV party bas manifested in speech towards ! mumblinir tbe names over. f,u j peculiar institution" N. Beacon, j and Democrat party arc -caJ the