. ji i 1 1 . : i i. - i; : i-' - i . ' i :.' ; f . v. . V . ' ; ; ; ! -:'.' . 1 -- -, ;: , -. , 1 . i . . p;r ! . . ; - i - . ; '. j ; '
i'- -';)! i" . i i ' '. "' k" , . i ;' i: 'i.'i . i' . . ; . " 4 i : ' - ' ; v I ' ' ' "'!' . : s -) ! 'I ; . : - 1 '5 i- -. ! " -. ,' ; : " : !
T. f
ost be ppat
Lis the editor in ?
qii tre4 qiMeppidj for
HI1UI fc ,. - ; . . t I f ; 1 - to V
bafe arf
irerii'-i ,n L here; (or
tapn"f P ;r. f L i -
fnfctori Gujling s cncu
. .nd the agent ac
inf advise me tb have
bur advertisement
in a
H3 infill j.Tr-Kft'nfiM.! We lad
' : M V I I I I E.
1
' ; L..ncM.'!v. in almost every
e::iTiil StatesUNow what
V. -,rP P1H.UV!'"1JI ! T : 1
t .Mit, me iur wiic v v mub
i ie ... . jut hp.
.Ill charge you qu a year
pe short npuv f-rr; o T -jT r
r il xUnriTa Ini1 fhn full nriPA
Pi
Sil nnssihle 1 I Whv sir. We
ibH I'ot loose tjraies. we
f'r. .rJnnlv asked twenty We could
t. if w! werft to nav such
munis v T i ir- r T:
ypucasK, jxou lorgeijio we
ivikisfl verv extensivelv : vou
It v ' hi- i.. til": J .l i i
a some allowance ior toau
tbal is as macb as you
drgei
your
ircbants a
nd others who advertise with
-r - Hi! .
a.:
Eik-Yes, that, is the
tfoie 1 aim
l--,;th vnii if Vou ftdviertise in this
1Thlonsidr4uonsp which you
u .1 utfin into Hie W. should have no
jJetiiEiie'ftt a!). I cannot; see the
4:ety of advertising for jjou at half
iisjol less than hall, that , alidl all
ir editors in tms piaie, cnarge neign-
Haad fnVhda abotit home. j .J- ;.;
Wflger yell,thoughtluIly.J we can-
Jtpay sach ptices.-rWhy do lycfu ask so
:ch fortbe short notice only one square
ch 1 want kept just before the, mar-
yi; 14 jwoufd not be in proponion
$i4ournn. -Letrnej -see-Uthat
dd beat the rate; of 8 140 'per cc
3- 1- I
umn.
Edn'or--I al'ow no discount
on
the
i
con-
who
:sei occupation of the mpst
i:5oos puce in me papen , a
1 -l i ' . ' .: J- : ' k II
fcrtise fin this; paW,' jbavei an equal:
:Itto ctaim;tbat place. Bat all cannot
:e lana u one is aeierminea ao nave
j: or none,
it is but
right that he should
1? weir or It
$!ancr Ab ! you: are a hard man. j 1
- . .. ' j ; ... i
there is -no' chance for us to trade
Isihers lip bis papers and boti .ob his
Vu nai win you cnargBi roe
for a
i'AcoJiimnr without the notice ?!
I i. .-' l 7 ' . n " ,i iTi : !
Ptorbirtv-live dollars a Iviear.
nftr-rWbai for a quarter
of
inn;? r. j ''".
Mi i ' i -i
t i
feTwehty dollars.
Bjer AYell, I'm sorry-
would
gMtd advertise my
:I.caniM)(pay such fates'1
medicines,
TVby; yes sir; I also
regret that
'Qsiss wiU not admit of a
compli-
glad to
sol con-
yimf Srmsi Should bet
moote:yM.iCil coiild do'
flh principles of equalitv
and jus
VK?1 suited Voulio ad veilise
..r:.; -r.-f.i:- Tel. H
if.111)'
fjottirouJ(Jbe
without i Opposition.
6o:
Medicine notice in
s.
0Abiis
.. 1.
that so ?44Why that
r'aPb tbey never sen to you?
M L : t 1
sir, mere is 1 scarcely a
Wan'appiica!tJoii c f tbe
never beat lan v thine more of
statement oflhe terms.
llflKni. ";
must h: tht
ch
keeps
lies twUfc -.tirzi . -i
ti-MUK a moment
ft
e
ngent
Wgslrnelicines took;
leave ;
tfe?,?ft In the
If. a A a Am a
course! of
Lf .oweVe he return
r.-. ' . . it-. : t a i i
and
Pgahi irnS'i? ill..
cordial
li .V U ankeei know hhv in ik !
Pk U..ii
4 pilyoM tweniyi dpljara nnd
Mw'tr8 lth 4 4ptii ; arid
WMic attentictn !td them
ceivei i special
i5i
'Nil
0De vou will mmh
1
;her editor tW
ou
more than to
II ' I
. .i 'r
North Cafo
ma. I only
-S is.-. .
i ear ioi tae, same
tjiilPtbesrjet
and makes
ere is to !be four
notice will
afee in rov
T - Will - I - t M ' t
miore, and
KLfW'
xjj'fif.to rnrin. lea
th will
dlo this
cannot!
.;3 .ar ) - r J " :nvT :) : o-'. VOLUME VIll-XUMBER 45. "
;i:li;i4.;iy:l r'.lj.
,work for, twenty doljairs. It is&verkouai-
'cr; wl; f r0,umf, irfM I W MlarU find in
creases witb every change bntil it exceed
a,halffdlumn, 'j Iff -;.j -.
rangerWeil, WellWe
can t
trade 1
Good Evening, sir. 4 I
4 il'i l 5 ' "f 'P
.ii
ATi U i 8 18 De way it happens that
there ire no Quac Medicines adVertisecI
in the Watchman.? W
, From te; Wepy 'Mae. :
Mb.Editor : j yery much hs been writ
ten and spoken job tb subject of temper
ance, and particularly; of ilate da$, on
that of total abstinence. Doubtless much
good has been accomplished and Imoch
more Jwill bej effected, i Science has
S! : - l . I i A
brought to light: many important and in
terestirig facts in the economy of nature
wbcb bujetht to induce every one wfao de
sire to consult the lays of his being to ex
amine well and practfee faithfully upon
those results at which he may; arrive!
Vwal struck with a Slew remaks the
close ot the fifth' lecture of Prof. Silliman,
of Yale College, lately delivered at tbe
Smithsoniain Instituis; and with your per
mission will copy them for tbd benefit of
yojuir readers, lie had been lecturing on
Geologic and j j-efjorter represents ihe
dole of his lecture in this manner : With
an apolbsv. a brief digression was made
..... " . 7 j. r
to water as the only fluid which the Cre
ator originally formedjand the only one
entirely fitted to support life. Vater
constitutes nine tenths 1 of milk, the first
aliment of young animals of the class
mammalia, which includes man : water
forms almost the whole of the gastric
fluid, eight-tenths of blood, three-quarters
of the weight of living muscle, and gener
ally of the soft parts of the animal body.
It is not merely a diluent of food ; it) pas
ses into the body largely a$ iioaer, and is
therefore alimentous ; and all fluids used
by man are composed chiefly of water;
it is essential to digestion and muscular
motion, and even to thought; for a! dry
stomach could not dissolve food, dry mus
cles could not move, nor ari arid brain
think. The lecturer then expressed him
self as. follows : ' V. "
Young men, if, therefore, you wish
for a clear mind, strong muscles, and qui
et nerves, for long life and power prolon
ged into old age permit me i to say,1 al
though I am not giving a temperance lec
ture, avoid all drinks but water, and mild
infusions of that fluid t shun tobacco and
opium, and everything; else that disturbs
the normal state of the system ; rely upon
nutritious food and mild diludent drinks,
of which water is the basis, and you" will
need nothing beyond these things except
rest, and the duej mori regulations of all
your powers, to give you long, and hap
py, usefbl lives, and a $erene evening at
the close." - ; ' ; ' j ; .- H
What a forcible temperance lecture is
this! How powerful the argument which
a simple statement of the facts developed
by science draws for the benefit and im
provement of the human "speces. i Noth
ing that; we can say wijl add to its force
or impress it more lully upon the minds of
your! readers; ll;
A FRIEND OF TEMPERANCE.
1 f From ihef Ralejgb'Rf gistert
THEBANK OP Tat STATE OF li. CAROLINA
- i'r 1? ' -! ; : : i-: -
- . H' THE BANK OF CAPE FEAR. ,- r
The ftttoiDing opinion' too delivered by Ruffin, C. J.
This is Assumpsit on a Bank Note, for
$100 dated October lst( 1844 (and paya
ble to P, Rand or bearer on demand i at
the branch bank of Cape Fear a Ral
eigh: pleas, non assumpsit and set off;
and a case agreed was.; submitted ' to the
Court to the following effect:1 The note
belonged to the , principal bank at , Ral
eigh, and the; Cashier,; through a notary
public, presented, it at the branch bank of
Cape Fear, at Raleigh on the 21st of
March ! 185Ii and idmanded jpayment,
and tbe Cashier of the said branch j bank
then offered in payment two bank ; notes
for 850 ch, Issued bjfj tbalpiaintiff and
payable On demand; the one to the ! bear
er at the plaintiff's branch bank at Mil
ton, and tbe other to; the bearer at the
pi aiiitifffs branch1 bank at Wilmington,
and be ref used to make payment in any
other way. The plaintiffs Agent refused
to accept payment in; that rnade and his
suit Wasfaen instituted. The Superior
Court gave judgement 'pro forma for the
defendant and the plaintiff appealed.
The defence wpuld not be available at
common law under either issue. By pre
seniing the note for payment; j an action
'arose to the plaintiff as the bolder ; and
it is fully setuea, jtnat a promissory uic,
made pabiejihthebodyof it job demand
at !a certain place, becomes due only upon
presentment at that1 place; Hence, the
offer! of the two notes (or $50 in; payment
did not amount to payment, nor do they
bar hy way oi setoE Thero was at one
t! . T l - i " ;i-i. t L. it. i. . s: m . i t r ? ; .... , . . . . , sgsgggg . . i
period a conHict of judical opinion in En
gland, in respect to an acceptance of a
bill of exchange, whether if given paya
ble at a particular placell it was to jbe
considered a general .acceptance or a spe
cial one, Requiring a! presentment at f the
pace named ; and the point wasnot ;set
Mpd ontUjhe opinions of the Lord Chan
cellor and all the Judges were taken on
It in the case of Row vs. Young, 2 Biigh,
381, and 2 Brod.' & Bing.: 180. lit
was
there held, that a, declaration on sur.K kn
acceptance was bad,! because it did not
aver presentment at the designated place.
No one of the Judges expresseid a douht,
that, not witstanding, some i previous ntsi
prius cases, the law was, that if one pro
mise by hjs note to pay at a j particular
day and place, there must be a demand
thpre. Lord Eldon lexplicjtlyj laid that
de wn as the established law, rend j he sta
ted the reason to be, that the place stands
in the body of the! instrument as ja. jialrt
of it, which must be declared on as it' is,
ind proved as described in ;tbe declara
tion deed, jit is apparent, that it is an im
portant part of the contract. For, whin
One engages to pay money generally with
out mentioning a place for it he i payment,
the law, is that the debtor must seek the
creditor, whether the payee; or hisj assign
eel and at bis peril find him in order o
saye himself from the payment of interest
and an action. By specifying the place
both parties are saved the trouble, but
especially the maker, as be knows when
to take the money ; to meet his note at ma
turity. The law cannot be said to be
settled in the United States exactly in the
same way ; as in some, and perhaps most
of ihe Courts a distinction hasi been ta
ken, that the declaration need not aver
the presentment at the placed , but the
want of it may be alleged as matter of
defence, if a loss arose therefrom, and the
dehtor will be discharged pro rata ; as If
the note be payable at the bank and the
debtor deposit the money there and the
bank fail. Without j going through the
cases in this country in detail it suffices to
refer to that of Wallace vsAMcConnell 13
Peters, af6i in which most of them weiie
cited, and, considered by the Supreme
Court as establishing that rule and it was
then adopted. It bas:indeed been ques
tioned both by Chancellor Kent and Mr.
Justice Story, who hold the fule laid down
in England to be the true one, according
to the plain sense of the contract. ; But iit
is not material which; position is right in
respect to notes payable at a certain day
as i well! as place ; since no cme, - either in
England or here, has supposed, that pre-
sentment of a promissory note was not
indispensible when, in the body, jt is pay
able on demand at a particular; place i
which is our case. Even the court' of
Kings Bench., whose judgment in Rowe
vs.' Young as to the special acceptance of
a bill, was reversed in ihe House of Lords;
held thus on demurrer; to a declaration by
the. bearer of a note payable on demand;
against the maker, in Which! presentment
at the designated place was not aver re di
Sanderson vs. Bowes 14 East 500. The
judgment was founded oh this ;ithat the
maker did not appear to have been in de
fault before suit brought; and that has
not ; subsequently been questioned any
where. The case in this country, in which
it was held, thatj the deicUraiion need jnotj
aver the presentment of a note payable at
a certain day and place, distinctly admit
it is otherwise as tp a note payable on de
mand at a certain place. It! is expressly
laid down in Wallace vs. McConriell, that
upon a note of tbe latter kind tbe declara
tion must aver a demand at the. ; place ;
and Mr. Justice Thompson in delivering
tbe opinion of tbe Court gives the ; reason, I
that until a demand the debtor is not in
default, and so there is no cause of action.
There is, therefore, now no doubt, as to
the common law in respect to notes : of
this kind made by a natural person ; that
the maker is not bound to pay them until
presented at the place, I where " they are :
expressed to be payable. And there is no
ground for a distinction upon this point
between notes made by a natural person
and those made by a corporation. The
reason is not less applicable to bills of ah
incorporated bank, payable on demand at
different branches ; which for the! purpo
ses of local accommodation the law gen
erally requires to be established upon
shares of the capital adequate to meet
tbe notes issued at the respective branch
es, in respect to which punctuality is of
the utmost consequence to the public and
is usually enforced under heavy penalties.
Every one knows that no individual or
bankjean at all times and f everywhere
discbarge all outstanding liabilities, due
and dot due ; which would make! credit
useless. Then, each point: of a banking
institution having branches, bas Its own
liabilities, andjooost bave its own resourc
es ; and it can only fulfill its engagements
to the public, when left to manage its own
funds without imnedent from the law. i If
the funds appropriated to tbe business, at
one place, instead of being left for that
purpose, may be daily diverted therefrom
at the! pleasure of the holders of the notes
of every part of the institution, it I would
be manifestly impossible for the bapk and
its branches to meet their notes for any
length of time. It is therefore apparent,
that the provision in the notes that thev
are payable on demahd iat llwi Several
Drancnes, u oi meir essence ; ana; conse
. J- I i
ity on such a nlote bot for not paying it
when denSandejd icjcrding to its tenor,
j The ;defenc4 bjoWever, 1st not founded
on the common lafi, tut! iipon an act pass
ed ajt the jast session of the Assembly, en
titled aij Act in Elation to 'exchanges' of
notes between thfe several banks of this
State." Vet, tjbe Blspussion of the rule at
Common law'was hcjt the less needful, in
order toaproper uderstandpng of the na
turelof the contract constituted by notes
in thjis form, and lof the operation of the
statute, Is it be effectual. Its principal
provision jsthat wpera bank or its jbranch
presents fof payrtfinl; a note of another
bank, the latter rrjay pay its note with a
notel or nptesj of ibej former, without re
gard to the place wfiire the same may be
payable, jit ik clerir,that the case! before
the court s withini the act, and that the
question i, as to its validity.; y
? With all respect! tojf he Legislature and
every disposition to carry out is will, if
reconcilable jwith j:the fundamental law,
the jsourt (is jnevetiless, constrained to
declare 'tbjs enactift to be! plainly con
trary to thp oonstiiution of the UT States,
and therefore inoperative. It is so both
uponj the ground, hat the act violates a
provision pf the charter to tbe plaintiff,
and upon the principle, that it interferes
with: and violates substantive provisions
of the notes of the t wo jparties which can
no more be? done m itb respect to the con
tract of a corporal ion . than that of a na
tural person!. For the court supposes it
to bei clear law, th lt. a corporation is like
an individual bou id by and may' take
benefit of the general laws where it is
within the treason of them, unless there
be particular modifications in the charter.
It is not doubted, for example,! that a bank
is within the statute avoiding usurous con
tracts, though no restraint, as to the rate
of interest it may take, be expressed in
the charter. For jwhile there are strin
gent prohibitions gainst oppression on
tbe needy by individuals with their limi
ted means, much njore must it be suppos
ed tobe contrary to theJLegislative inten
tion, that banks wi'.h their large associa
ted wealth and the power of making the
demand fop money easy or tight, should
be without 'restraint upon their exactions
on borrowers. Thacharters, indeed, usu
ally prescribe a rate of interest or discount.
But such clauses have their operation in
Dreventine Ithe effect on the bank of a
change of the rate Minterest by a subse
quent! general law; In and making the
corporation I amenable to the State for a
violation of! its charter.' They do not af
fect contracts with ;the banks because
there is no pTOvisionJl them for the avoid
ing those on whiebja greater; rate is re
served but that is lfk entirely to the gen
eral law. Anotherliristance may be sta
ted. It seeps certMn, that the general
statute prohibiting Ihe passing of notes
under'a particular denomination applies
as well to Corporate as natural persons,
unless there be a provision in the charter
express or plainly o be implied, to the
contrary. For tbe prohibition is founded
on a legislative policy to encourage the
circulation of metaliu coins by preventing
tbe issuing! and passing of small notes
here land therefore the reason of the law
exten()squfte as muctto banks as to other
persons ; nay, more, ja nee they can most
effectually defeat the public policy. In
such a casejjihereforelstbe general law ap-
lies, unless it be mop tied by a plain pro-
visforikjHbeLcharterl! Its silence cannot
bave that effect; since that allows full
scope to the; general law, and therefore
the exemption fromtjpe general law must
distinctly appear in ibe charter. Since,
then, the restraints of general la ws apply
to corporations, when they are within the
reason! of th!se laWMn,ess excepted, so
they are entitled to af the benefits of those
laws, like other persos4 unless excluded
therefrom by5 the charter. It has been al
readylishowni that a bjatural person is not
bound to pay a note,iade payahle on de
mand at a p4rticular lace, unless or un
til it be presented theie ; and that he is
not bound to; pay at another place, for the
fcood reason, that, except at, that designa-
tion, be may not De preparea wnu ujc
means for paying, and may not be able
to raise them' there without loss.
Hence, that part of the note is an esaential
ingredient inUhe contra it, and a statute, re.
quiring a creditor in hip natural capacity to
take from bis debtor, 44aymenl of a sum due
to bim at one !ace, tb note of tbe creditor
payable on defnand at another place, which
bad ne,ver been there demanded, would be
plainly! incbmpMible witb those two projsions
in me consnuMfoit wuicuycsiiem
mtking anything but gold and silrer coin a ten
der in payment of debts, and IVom pawing any
law impairing the obligatoo of conira.cts. Art.
1. s. 10. Tbe statute uitider considerarion is
likewise witbiQ that claiiajB of the constitution.
For allhougb ibat instrurnentdoes not mention
corporations b name, yef tbey are within it as
apart of tbe general lawJfor ibe reason alrea
dr given ; and it bas accdrdingly been repeat
edly held tbroighout thelUnioo. for example,
that a tegulatjfe charter! jo a corporation is a
contract oli inViolate obligation wiibio that in-;
sirument, and that a corporation created by a
State mar su4 io the Couirif of tbe U. States
or of another Stai. Tb rights and jcontracts
of corporalioof, lherea bate tbe foil iar
aaty oC the copstiiuiion ; : and consequently tbit
.nnm:hA valid insomuch as it essen-
h a. wn IB if mb m- , - - . r
quetltly there i$ at common law no liabil
tially cbangesnbe obligation of tbe notes issuea
by the ; plaiatitX by reqtiibg ibeni to be broken
' rmiA mt a.ftiffVrnt time and olace
nniwiD: PurEit uaiu sat as mmav w - m
from those at which; tbey are payable according
to their terms and tiheir legal fiect, when ibey
were issued; which fnay be, and in most in
stances roust be, to the prejudice of' the plaintifl:
Such modes ol payment might, doubtless, be
required in the charter, and it would then be af
the election of the citizens to accept it or not.
It is remembered that ibe fate congressional
charter ol the bank of tbe United States pro
tided that all the fire dollar notes, no matter
where. made payable, should be paid upon pre.
sentment at the bank or any branch. But with,
out a clause of 1 hat kind io the charter; the
legislature cannot gire to the notes of a bank
a different effect from Ibat legally amine from
their terms when made, so as to work a preju-
pice to joe bank. 1 be plaintiff, therefore, was
not bound to take the notes of its branches in
payment of the note held by it, because these
notes wete not then and there due, and because
if they bad been fhey were not a constitutional
tender. If they ;had then, or at any lime be
fore this aciion b rough I been presented at the
places at which tbey were payable and payment
could not be got, hey would have been availa
ble as a set off. But that was not done, and
the case turns merely on tbe tender of the nqtes
under the act of 1850, at the defendant's bank
ing bouse, without their having been presented
at Milton or Wilmington. Tbe act thus vio-,
laies the contracts, constituted between these
parties by their, respective notes, both in ibeir
letter and spirit, and is therefore unconstitution
al. Under the same clause of the constitution
the act is avoided for another reason. It bap
pens, that in ihe plaintiff's charter it is express
ly provided, that hills or notes issued by or
der of tbe corporation; promising the payment
of money to any one or his order, or to the
bearer, shall be binding and obligatory on the
same in like manner and with the like force
and effect as upfn any private person, if issued
by him in his natural capacity, and shall be
assignable and as if they were issued by such
private person.'1' 2. Rev. st. p. 63,8. 25.
Now, the contract constituted by tbe charter
between the State and tbe bank, though invio
lable accordiug to the constitution, is in fact
violated by the act of 1850, since under the
circumstances mentioned in it a force and ef
fect is given to the notes of the bank which
differ from that which, as the notes of persons
in their natural capacity, they would legally
have, which cannot be done.
Therefore, the judgment must be reversed,
and judgment entered for the plaintiff, on the
case agreed, for thje principal money and in
terest from the day of thp demand. ;
From the Richmond Enquirer.
cMessrs. Edtiors The following paper has
been placed in my hands, and I know not better
fhow to use it than to give it to you (or publica
tion in your valuable Journal, I bis mode of
computing interest is' extremely simple, and
mathematically accurate. . It is, likewise, as
I have been informed, coming into general use
in Petersburgb. j B.
An abreviated process, of computing interest
at 6 per cent, bas been handed me within a
few days, with the request that I would give an
exposition of-fee-principle on which it is found
ed, and furnish a Ride, applicable to all ihe
cases which can be conveniently solved by it.
After some examination, I am convinced that
it may be of much practical utility, as it is ca
pable of general application, and is shorter than
any other method which has come to my know!
edge. Indeed, a little expertness, which expe
rience will give will enable' one, in most in
stances, to obtain the interest on any sum, in
less time than would be required to find it in
the common interest tables.
Tbe following example will exhibit, the pro
cess Required, the interest of 8448 for 3
years 8 months 27 daysi
.449
M 224
J100,576
Here, as the result of a mental operation, I
have written first, the sum oi the months in the
given years and months. 44. Having made ibis
a decimal fraction by placing a point at tbe left,
I annex one third of the number of days, 9
and multiply the whole by half tbe given sum;
the product shows the interest sought.
The rationale of this process may be thus ex
plained. It is obvious that tte interest on any
sum as $100 lor a given lime, at six per
cent, is equal io the interest of half that sum;
$50 for the same lime, at 12, per cent.;
Our method, therefore, proceeds on the suppo
eition that the rate of interest is 12 per cent per
annum, and aWaTigeTTie rate for ihe whole tvne
accordingly. The ratels alterwardsXreduced
to thai ot 6 per cent by computing it on half the
principal only, as above explained.
Now 12 per cent per annum, being 12per
cent for twelve months, is, of course, equal to
one per cent a month. (Hence, the interest on
'any sum, for any time, ijjusl as many per cent
on Ihe principal, as tnefe are mont ns in inai
time. Thus, tbe interest lor one moma is x
per cent ; for five months, five per cent ; and !
for three years and eight months, it is 44 per
cent, as in tbe-above example. But if the lime
for which the interest is to be computed, is
equal to, or exceeds a hundred months, the
rate will, of course, be equal to, or greater than
100 per cent, which equals or exceed a unit.
Consequently, wheri ibe number of entire
months equals, or exceeds a hundred the two
right hand figures only are to be poyrted off as
decimals, leaving tae otners on ue icu, iu rep
resent whole numbers.
The rate for the days is conformed to this
scheme as follows : We bave seen that the rate
per month is one per cent, or 1-100 of the prtn
cipal. Now. ooediybeing 1 30 r 30 days
or monib, tbe rate of interest per day must be
1.30 as much ; which is 1-30 of 100. or 1
SOOO, of the principal. For three days, it will
f course. be three times aa much, or 3 3000
which is equal to l-1000, or decimally, .001.
1796
898
898
Hence, we tee that for every three cl tj r, ,
la to be'added lo the rate already clu;
the given number' of mont bt ; or, in of h t r
One third of the number of clays n t!.: :
auro, represents o many .OOlths ofths p..
which are to be added to the Ollbs, tv Li:
the rate for the months. Thuj ile rito
terest for the three days, is ,001t! 3f lis -pie
; for six days it is .002tbs ; sixteen '.'
is .00533t hs ; and for 27 day a-it it XZ: '
in the Ulusirative example, h ,
The rate! being thus arranged for, lis v
time at 12 per cent per annum, il retail-.-to
multiply ibis rate by half tbe princi- :f,
explained at the begining) and we sUll c
t be latere st of te given surn fort b e g i r e :j i "
at 6 per, cent peannunv'4-U'jl;;i-.;.:j !
Having ibus jexplained'tbe principVls c f :
method, we may now deduce from the foil,
brief"- , , - r:, . 4$r4 M
.1.v;.;ROLBi;t;:,;:'f. ,;;
Reduce the years and months to mcr. "
Point ofl two figures on the right fo dec I
leaving the others (if there are others) ai I
gers. If there are not two! figures re:presj:
months, supply the deficiency with cyr!.:r
Annex one third of the days to this numl r
multiply it, thus increased, by half iba pri
the product will be-lhe interest required.
Sch6ucic. v. ''
This simple and cdmpendiort metiod r
equally well adapted to apjf oiW rate cfi
est whatever, by taking, as ItJ multiplier,
a proportion ot tbe principal, as Ihe pn ;
rate per annum is of 12 perjeent. ; ' jFor ti
pie j For 4 per cent per annum mult iply ly.
third of the principal ; for $ per; cept. bt
thirds ; and for 0 per cent by three.fcurth .-
Petersburg., Jan- 15, 1852. 1 J
W. J.
EFFECTS OF i USING TOBACC
H is frequently askedilwbether t
of tobacco is injurious to the teeth ;
the health. In answerjiojwhicth .llo i
qtiirer may be respectfully invited to i:
to his Cyclopaedia, arid when he rer. J
the powerful principles U contajns, r. -;
ly, empyrneumatic bit and hicotihe, t
action of both of wbicq, is ! highly pel:
ousw ( drop of the former placed cn t
tongue excites convulsions and cjama, 1 :
argic drowsiness, and may! prove fatal ;
a lew minutes; and a qoarter of a c!r
of the latter will kill a rabbit, and a c.
a dog.) will he not - rather, inqoijre b ov
can be otherwise than most injtrion ;
only to the teeth and gums, but jindircc:
if hot obviously, to every part ot he fra:
Beyond an unsightly discoloration f t!
teeth, and an empymeunatical infectl
the breath, of those accustomed to tL : i
of this narcotic acid poison, its delete r I
effects may not for a considerable peri
bef detected; but after; al long habit:
use, the whole system becomes (m pre:;
ted; and although habit may reconcile '.
action when used moderately, nothir ' c
se c U re th e body f rom irr l tative pre p : ;
and ultimate absorbtion whenlempb;
in excess or incautiously. Its jacticn
the heart, or probably ihe nerves cf i'
heart, manifest itself by lowerj posit k.
and an indulgence in an intemperate c
excessive use of tobaccoj by smokir -number
of pipes and cigars, hks can
death. Under tbVactionbfthj herv;
system, the motions of tbe! hearty and t '
sequently tbe general quickness of i'
course of the blood, are quickened cr r
tarded. All irritants and stimulants ur
and force to a more vehement and,cc:.
quently, a more rapid bully of the strent
or capacity for exertion ; and ii is an i:
variable law of organization,; that out! r
is succeeded by depression, and jwhatev
unduly depresses, whether resulting crimi
nally from a stimulant, a narcotic, a i
dative, or any other 'powerfiil jprincif!
has the effect of lessening improperly ii
actiori ol) the heart hdiiarterif ;
and it is on this account; ' thajt heltl.
intoxicating drinks, nor tobacco, nor r.r -thing
jelse producing an effect jwhic'i i
sues in depression, can fcej jrecqmrnenJ
for the promotion of health and jongevi: .
I would therefore strongly recornm end r. -stinence
from the use of tobacco in nil c
any of its forms; not only on the grour
of its rendering the teeth junsijghtly j::
tbe breath disagreeable, .but because it i
clear, to a demonstration, that lit finr.Ir
depresses' tbe natural powers.) Its t
even in the forms of snuffs and errhin: : i
very-ebjectionable ; j the membrane cf t!
nose becomes thickened, its sensibility i:
paired, and the power of discrjminati.
odors greatly lessened.-Mi les on Tc el'..
NATURAL CURIOSITIES.
"The CumberlaJidiBaiieM?
In th Fayette ville Hall fori Tours; v
evening last, Monsieur JjVa!entine, gr.
quite a j novel exhibition, to Jafvjery jlar.
audience, consisting lof a family of thrc
children, who, for size arid weight, accord
ing to age, exceeds! any thingj
saw in this section, at least ; and;
we; ev,
perhr.;
as the show-bills: say 1 Barnum ii
Barnum d now sure enougD. luere tr
two girls and a boy, and their respectiv
ages, weights and sizes are as; follows :
Frances, aged 9 years; weigh! 327 It :
height, 4 feet 10 inches; clrcutnfercr.:
53 inches. ,;'; v, MyM:hj-
Agnes, aged 0 years; weighs 327 11 : .;
height 4 feet 3 inches ; circuoiferVn: ,
47 inches, ; ' B-:.rjMiHf i-i '
Charks, aged-5 years weighs 115 II ;
beigbtj 3 feet 8 inches ; circumference, : I
inches. I . r - :f iH-j-4:i-il ' '
It is vjery seldom thatt a Jamxly cr r
lare children as these are found;. Ttcr
are dwarfs and giahtsbut never a family
of them.f There were rignallylffif iL'c
children one died. 8 or 9 years o$. prcl
bly weighing 350 or 400 pounds)
; Monsieur Valentine expectsi to mah :
tour through the United atesj and v
hope bisjexbibition will be patronized nr
encoornged, aktbe poceedCarej intend:
for the future support of tej children
for certainly they wildeverlbe abb t
work for a living TheywiU b exbil;:
ed in Wilmington on, Tuesday ,ori Vcd r. :
day evening nezU Fsijij. Caralmianl
1
The wjfo of Mr. JamekRoe, atroolcl
III., sbotj a man named Davidsoti dez!
that place, on the 23d ;uit. for msul'.i:
Iber. ;. H'
i- 'Pji - ?!
ij'f 'f
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if
I ' '4
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