.
f .r.nff ... . . v- i . iv.i
... . ;
lfc?--
OIItIjmSERIES.
1
SALISBYC., JUNE 14, 1855.
miMBERIII
mm
X. t. BB r F.st, EUot w srwwHv
jr r. At J'f iHliltil Eilltwn
' - " 1 ""- 1
j?' lb '!wwbV
-I
WESTERN K. CAUOU.VA RAIL ROAD.
f.'' AVtor f Sim my comrounicatioa'of
ttlfa nlU tii iad'wstivn adverse to th Interest
of th 8uUVlo fliV Road, are becoming more
Leading eituans in- the interests of Ui Wil -
nington w4 CLarlotta Exteniion (via Unepln- m mj mr I A line a hivb maiir of tbe cU-" to the tru emiditioa of any, given road J lb
tor,) to RutberKird, are wing their iaflaeaeea CstaaU county r.W. aw-l'bare beard ! ktrga item o . trjr, in rqwfW-, Wa.;
terUlly, "J l-l'il Pmt djrtimaay j and will eiitrnAfHlWiewbrtl.-tfca ftfrysWo
f,el ''darSbal lb extensive and, tok n,,! jritbJUt that condition of ; to annua divulrnJi, which w sometimes see
beaatlful mnlr Jiortb-weat of th CaUwba jti-
w, embracing tn otwM or irwbil, Alexan- j uril ts,e ,w Cawb V'all. y fanners in mov
der, CuldWI, Wilkas, and Watauga, may iHjt ,f iu4 fru(. their mid,t and pluciiis it 12
coma UibuUry o mat lloaO.
AUeoipt are evea made to bay off the noble
eoantlut of Burke, UtUoweU, iud Vancy, by a
proret! aa extension from Linouluion,
IHrongB tboM eountrie to Jonesooro , Uy a an
ff of tballlu Ridge, wily r AaWrvef
r oy .r ViilMiMMi Hut I sup-.j u, t within aw tu,U of the u.an of cton, u.OOO miles annually, at an extra annual ei
oa Ma), GwynoV, Turner's, or Kuper's level-, Ltuoir or any other town) TV pity that die pense of 10,000 ! S
l inmatrta, would level tU hope, of Wj line scenery of Market lUdi in Cddwell. and j Mr. mu, what aorfwf aervio do yo
aw prvjectora, about - afUahy as tkey did ; Rilg. in f.tawl. on the proximate Kna UU .oulJ u Juj fr ,be Suto ,d
tbca of Mas vUiere, who bad tber boj W,d; North of Ntn and Toint U.,i,n, whi. b line 1 t(M . ,,ow woul)1 kJ lhin
sM"w " " ! tow
,, will do better than tlx dtrttt oar,
difwrgh IrnklL AVxankr and Caldwell
Tbe Editor of the Stmr Cilf and the
0f,rt It bi jeal, fuUiJiet js
now um www w uuKviniua, uwm wuicn i mau
-tUUiWig-et.tra1:ts.r
.L. - - I . )sevtytrri.w nHr,Swd iheir Uro and- , me be . Wl j UxtAy Mountain boys,
of CtBUSil Roadj. tajrruy, i.Wmi -freadyv and &u& tuiulj g.to the work, and
ihiMy,.lioaeem.loIu,e; lie sl.oM rememU U, tual the very fit!, u of yk M, Urge and" iiltfe-Arri7
"Tbprojcctsof
saw eaa iutroUrd ia
give it up 1 Kboald 'Aall tknmyh, our road
wril b the greatest in UW State by. U V Pur -
prising! " Now, I Jo wond r who that poor soul
was, a bo gave p oof Uoad ! He would be
some what of eurioaity u this way ! '
, . 1. . ' , - ,, . i ,
Again, b says, "should the Central Road
r si i mi l. i t a. .- t v
cr W MelJo-etL th- tUmtUrfuJ ,-,l.iJI.. ,UT If.-.! ..... .1.,. ...
Li . i jm ,ii i Li
ay wlsk lo be MIBrt""- 0b, bow f.-liuus
th good thing. I The Saest beef, .Jj Jamb
bwiu, .abM te-rfbay mi Irish potatoes!
mi mum laasb dW
eawdy I atd ia bnUauw from tlie noble au-j uenrer the emtr t fcrntwy, " mv iiA and pop-gr-trel
ewllerted ia buses oisde of the Linden uUtiom," which lie lve, and "North of thai
and Charry 1 Have you any thought, Mr. Ed-1 airvakly embraced by the laurlutl vxlvtiskm ;
HM, that yo and th people along the line of j for be cMuA think that a margin of 14 miles
lb Orwrrwi Hiad, would like lo have any of. .Swtli of Nvntso is e.iusl to 60 mdes un the
the good things that grow in the counties of
McDowell, Yancy and Watauga f If you have,
t iatite yow ia Uie biagwag of this Liocolu wri-
tr,(edftrssi to Wilmington) come up srrtfie of'
j this Maimer and look ; u yor but
I aas unify sorry that f A CsUwhwur" (who I
to Ibiak is a friendlr amaaintauee of
cl.sboUM u so aHatakea la Uie appearances
' .... . .
bout Port Dr&utce, which hk imaijinatioo has
. nimA.limtJii!l)&mZ, (aending hke
" Sobastopol) (urtuidi,' - uiiwiltw," w illi equal
equal
BKilky, " i dioarent directions first at Salis
bswy sad Kwaaoaooah ; the at Watauga, and
'lastly at him and the good people of Catawba!!'
. rors srnaiwe I
my dear air, there
in the Happy Valley ! Why
s is acarovly a spot on esrth, so
peaceful, serene, and lovely. C'basteiied, Uo, by
the quiet shadiw of th Rerolutiouary I'atri'
ot aod Stateaman, so long resident there. Who,
thowgh a reoeiird nought but bonoral4e scars
k itfnm mfhi country ; wore not the frown
-of lhg gssasMi W( In brow, lu whose y
th L ttAJtcrt Uar"' did so often U-or testimony
lo th tufToriugt of the w idow and orphan ; and
immi poa our hearts his kaons on tlie
value of our happy Uuion, and il cheriohed and
ttv lustilutions, as well as the irftrcm due to
othor svetiows and interest.
m
Drwatlung, aa I do, tlie free and hospitable
amosphere of lb " Old Fort,'' how could I mean
lo bait th good peoftla of Watauga, Salisbury,
or Cautwba ; or the friends of the Wilminitm
a1 Chat Utile Hood ; lit whom my feeble voice
has bee rained ; end who think thai a young
. frieadaf. taiaaya ssiaarnstsof ihtfil rortibss
don them aoeae service. I cannot believe there
,rj many ia lial ywirrr, who would break
dow our Road, (a? no higber purpvisoi3ian lo
make thejr " Ikt greatest tyaJ in the Stalf p'.
and the alooalaia Iloya tributary t. iImht intr-:
eu furever ! ,
My friend from Catawba, msy well f. l safe
aow; and surely when lhli'htof sM, ulilk in I
straoMntal examination, ecorilI, (as all knew
it would be,) by an. Act of ihe Legislature kill
ing off. for the present at tlie Watauga
route, and: with it our first and fondest hope ;
doc my friend still think it strange, that I cab
Pet g over t th oilier eitrvroe, and advocate
hi rout I which be ears he knows is out of th
a J IJoe U think taught, tor the sake of I
00 acre of i ,nd. wT.Wi LhuUI at 1'oint
Uaioa," t anile W est of KewW a deiiol point
th South fork and Main Catawba, on
auto ; awl nerbsp lbNum-(in
point f Iot h think for such reasons, I
ought to abandoa, in some degree el least, even
Ws CwUwba Vlley, oa the line as reported by
Maj. Uwyan, and go for the town of Newton,
hici is Brther from , lb Catawba river than
. (a tom of Irooiri, and wliielv "; reported
jtctiouablt in pvW by , Maj. (Jwynn; but
' "hich h said might b examined in connection
with rout Jve miles South of Stateavill. And
doe h pot know that tlie StatcaviiU point,
hieh be doe not am object to, ia about in tlie
line with the survey iu the Catawba ' Val
kyt tept wUv w wish to rwara. It, by
- :l!"lf wW-4 iwiio ei4Hl a
"ggosted by the jp-ntlernha ho made the lm
7 ,uo bxi xiimriif lb river licfowfand
tawt Buffalo BhoaU, bat did sot Uiitik proper
( Wtt lira line kwer-Jowa Don be not know
that lb tin reported, is that lectio, U located
Bounty on (Waiver and on Ute best possible
grade! and by th alight alteration reuomraeu
H will eroM th river but onoe, aad, where
comparatively small I Will pais loo, uut tome
4v mineral W atera, in Cut U, Alexander aud
Caldwell. Ad mora dirtttly through thai re
ally superior district of water power, a be ar
justly says, sufficient lo turn every cotton Mill
. -Kth ( Wlin. .n.1 ... .mi. I
j roM,ig within mUtafMlmUm. WJiat in-1
utile South i tbe town of XewtoU I and what
sort of " tf putriotuuf would it be to sacri
8ee impjrtanl advaiTtnges to- the community,
and aiake a deflection u,tb line, rucrelv loac-
curtniodauV bis iuk-reoU and mine, by running a
jinwLed lin.ri Nato and IW Union;
ut"vtel mereir to tp-l Uie stiiiuuenu ot A 1
Catawbia," all lust uion him. and
" i
dc med a avrrr idtalilf." For
why do our1
o U' tM-nd so murli money abroad for tli
Xuw, wjUj the aid of U Wester North '
un.lina Kail lioad. Uiry omM nne mucU Doer
' l.i.ing uium our own race i: the garden of
: Ede u coimncled with the
lit
ylrpuh tht t'arth and $uUI:r it;
.1,1, h I
! construe, to make mort fruitful and Uauti-!
i Cut. I . , ,
j ., . , , , . , , ., Rut to be more senous in eonclusio, let me
" li. of Iredell, thinks that Mtsapotamia, or1 , ,, . . , ., ', .
1 t. , . ,. . , ;av; that our laboring or industrial population,
i , ,. ,,', , , ,
p,u the Koa.1 to bJ built, nn,l to do btr part
! !Ttb gorJ work ; Jnd I really Ixliere that - A
Ota.bW ffihl d. rrt U, thr StuU,
bv Jvoain2 . line higher .. the codntry d
North. Now, 1 have uot criticil hi s'yfo, for
I suppose souk of the blunders were made, by
the printers " little dev:l," who so ofteu plays
pranlu wiih what .ublul, ; and tf 1
hate Hot
converted " A CaUw biau" yet, I uiut Uike a
htw4lv Uav of him, ith the assurance Uist
the gun of the Old r'ort, loug since dismantled,
I '., . i . - . i . . i :. . t -i ,i
, n ii"i ue poiuicu si mm. iei utiw.., !. ,
tAiai- huwever that what 1 have said of the J
. 1 1.
mMif
i tlio ad;
ics ot 'our stvtivn , aim more er rairv or r
- - ' - - ii - ,,'
vmitages of the h.ntiwt fine ; "ail mm
Idmlily" 1 will now refer him, and alt ofrfrrforr.
Aor'Aand South, to that very jaiiiriout article
on the value of one mile saved in a rail mail
. found in tlx, Raleigh Register of the Wh inl.,
; from the Ciucinali Rail Uoad Journ ,1 : and alo
: to an able letter from the l'reelM,t of the Spar
j tant.urg and Union Kailroad C'omjHii.v, to some
I'enU-rpiieing a -ntlcmcu of Aihevtllr; who ,1,-en,
it their interest to build up a competitor to tlie
Wetcrn N. '. It. Road, through S. Carolina.
. . . . ' , A . I f I
of reaMrtimg, an l,mi .ner.-a.uio amount saveu (
. . a. II r 1 sl. eV. .: l
W me aiiKWHarr., ..... ...B or.. -..-,
tU, by shortening a road I mile, bo'.h in time and
moaey ; closes by saVint of defiectmns from
the shortest line, a follows. - It is a waste of
energy end means, sinful in the extreme and
which will unquestionably open the door, at some
future day to mwwl and tconomictil ronijWi
Uon.m From the b-tter ref-rred to, I make the fol
lowing extracts: While' looking lo the rail
'road connection with the Valley of the Miasis-
wpf, ywi mawewl by.ensidsvwiwn prhaps.
stronger still ; io desire connection, by the
same means with the Atlantic seaboard ; by the
jrcr Mi;fr'rw -
ahundiinlly proved, that a rnil road line should ' ,,,. a Jining and bed-room ; the bed-room
be Uii down, a -wish a view -uooesaioB of j WM l1l0 onc oct.,,,,, ,y travellers,
t-urria and deflections ; to accomodate a Motion fine-evening a stranger aliphted and at led
of country-first on one side of the road, and then , ,jlne ,vas ,K)W lo ,ie rooln ,0 ptm tne j,
upon tho other; not upon the periphery of a 1 j.,.,, nxt sixortiiriff he arose and ordered his
I circle, hut up its ratlins', ma woni upon rr;lofW. aud ns ho had expressed Ins intention of
rirrr tine rhifh r(,intrtt itt tirmim, or at least
at nrar thil at poil ' P
' In entering upon a new enterprise of the
magnitude and importance of thai before us;
we should begin U J-fftt at thr outft by all
pat experk-uee: we should tcouimi$f alike in
io dutamee, in monr y, rrrdit and oeor'; j
and se s io mint u.e wnoie m
invoke, available-; that human society may de-
riva the greatest benefit from the meanest our
coiimivid.".
To deflect
rail road front the right line
which connects its lennini, In mlm-rve particn-:
hw -intBrwts, or in ohrilience toj.val influence;
adds lo the cost of construct inn, incrcavs the
distance: and consequently, the time and c.
penses of fteight and travel, and tutail rath one
one of '.",'.; n iit vMi ihi and as ;.rr-
petuity." -
He then pfiieoed . to show by fact and fig
ure, that a rail road of 109 mile in length, in
crejised.by deflection 20,ini.es, will ' at 16000
fHir niile'-rncrea the origitial cost $300,000!
11 then sinus up the increased anual cv.t at
.44ft.4)B4B. y-.othigTof. ill wfu- aud tear
of passenger and freiglilrCar, hKl exceed the
alilhen itcmt o eipfHM brcanut perpetual
nd tbe periodical aeeeaaity of purcbaaing extra
locomotive, freight and paanenge( cars! In ad
dition to tbia eacb passenger each trip on the
road, going and returning, in tret travel and pay
the expense of 40 additional miles and each
pound and foot of freight roust be taxed for an
additional 20 miles, upon freight, and to is
aarrevponiliug degree, according U quantity, for
down freight ; and be subject at the same time
! to consequent rik, delay and loss of time 1
if il.. .v.. a.,, w, mlift,. . m .ni.lv
(.xhil,itej in annual report will be no longer a
mystery. '
He ettimatca alto that four trains eacb way
' on the 20 miles' daily, would make an amount
of extra and unnecessary travel only ; more than
ual to seven trips around the eartb ! Now
suppose Newton to be five miles out of the wsy,
then by the' above estiniatea, the extra travel,
r!ri Newion and Union poini ; would be about
taxed in the county of Catawba, on your nice
boef and lambs I and all the (rood tbincs of the
w- ... i lit.; .
l .L. il... is,. ..mi l-.. J .... it ....
ihonf I
lut I eay, Mr. EJilor, ynu need uot be alarin-
arid if you wiil think that all the printer's " Utile
r ideviU" in tlie Stale have ben turned loose to
' Tearing up the gravel lib their long spsles
. .iUM.u
W "BU U -w Und' " Am
liroiu their deprwasin" discourairements, so clear-
! , . . r , 7,
ul"M to nt .nul
!T " 'T ""V?
'": tl ll.rbu.g of beHer d.ys ; d rfre-
dempUun from the bondjg of anrequitted I
bor. M'hen they ux,k upon their wive and
daughters; too often, with weary step and pale
face - reluming after fruitless attempt, Jo ob
tain some of tbe ordinary comforts of life in ex
change for the fruiti of thtir labour ; while the
daugh'ora of more favoured sections, wjth bright
er eyes, light hearts, and quicker steps ; go, not
to solicit, but to choose wWt they will have in
eschar, and who they jsill favor with their
kardv work ! Then see them neatly clad, with
book and pejicil in hand ; and receiving that
care"aud culture, which every child ought to
have in a christian land ! And llivu, sir ' when
u lrtebMrvrs tlie. falbv-r and toothers,.
take tbw littfc one orr their knce-,-twlodk into
tluir 4ealing fiiccs, and kiss their innocent
r-gar,'.l,!w of a little dirt on their roy checks,
' as 1 have often done when among them ;' think
in;; a!! the while what they might be, with like
advantage : I ak sir, does any one supose,
that these men, of warm, stout hearts, from the
same vallev and mountains that furnished the
gallant bn4 at Kings Mountain ; will do leas
thair ".eir whole duty ! Ahmv dear sir, come
up lo the 4th of July gathering at bUtosvillc !
The mountain bovs will be there ; and when
in d,
' .
of xU of 20(li May 4Ji
July. WM. A. LKNOIlt
Fort lefiance, May 28th, 1835.
- .
waiTTC roa ti.k WkreHHN.
THE HAUNTED ROOM.
A YER1TA RLE GHOST STOR Y.
HENRY HERBERT.
old dwelling house occupied by a Mr. C, and
family. It as then used for a tavern or board
r- niaininj a few davs, it surprised Mr. C, and
he aUe,l his reason fpr dejartini; so soon.
" Well sir, to tell you the truth, I believe this
bouse flhe haunted."
" Why r"skd the host.
" I was awakened several time last night by
iree distinct raps on the house, outside, which
must RitnmiU' to an invisioio agency,
- Was tho noi" distinct T! queried Mr. C,
thinking that be icsst havo been dreaming.
' Quite, he answered.
1 Was at any tirr. li.e number of raps more
or less f aiked Mr. C,
No. Three was the number repeated each 1
siicccame ttm. '
Unable to unravel the mystery' in any way,
t'te stranger rode, off, and Mr. C. forgot the or.
currenoe. ,-
It hapened that the . room was unoccupied
for few Weeks, 'till some necessary arrangements
were iu ado ; making it convenient that., hoard
er should sleep in the room. In the night ho
win awakened bv a uoIm. Three distinct taps
wero struck close lo him, on Iho SUtside of the
house, llo listened a few niinutes ; hut hwvrJ
gotliing more, and thinking, it must iivo been
iaacifilffikLilBP
1
closed hii ejee, before. Up, tap, Jap was. rjpes
ed seemingly cloaef than ever. II started bolt
upright; but all was sileat as before. It was
myster.i There was nothing about the boute
thai woiili! nike a noua like that for a long
time he listened lo detect, what caused it' lie
jbonnl nothing until tap, tap, tap, was repeated.
Ha was getting superstitions. It waa mysteri
ous number. Strange that it should eacb snc
ceamve time make no mistake. Perhaps it was
ah hour afterwards when it was repeated. Tbe
conviction forced itself upon bit mind that the
houeef jr tbe abode of supernatural visitants. ;.
He appeared pal and nervous at the brrak-fa-it
table, and bis friends were astonished when
be said tbnt 1.3 wuld change bio boarding house.
Why r they all asked at ouc.
" I believe this house to bo haanted," he re
plied, i
A burst of laughter followed this disclosure ;
but Lis countenance remained as grave as ever.
II told bis uights experience and their sallies
of wit, but when his pale coniitensnoe told that
it had not shook , bis belief, an' uneasy feeling
crept over them, Mr. C. related to tbe travellers
his story and it did not lend to enlighten the inys
tery. ' T
A young .man was present of a ' dare-devil '
character, who ssid he would like tosloep in the
room to hae the honor f a visit from his
ghostebip.
At bed time be retired, hoping that tbe noise
would be repeated, that be mig'jt unravel tbe
mystery. Everything was still in die house, un
til tbe clock strijk-k twelve in another room.
J?earelv bad th4' sound diJ away, before tap,
lap, lap, was airui Js distiuctly, just suUiile of tlie j
bout, seemingly close to the eorn-. He arose 1
spvvty-aiwt wenf J Uusjutittow. all was daik wit!.-
t ...;..i, :. .:. ... J - '
""" - c s.oing,aay
' have 4' clover in this man-
4gai tlie mysterious number was repeated. ! -..t.., . , , , ., ,
,, , . "er. V it bout furtlier reference to other s prac-
Ile arose; but nothing was heard without A . . . ,. , .
... . , , , ,. . , ticc, or opinions, or noting differences, I will pro
strange feeling of dread stole ever Km. An hour , , .,
-it . ' . ceed to describe my own present preferred prac-
pcrhnps might have passed when lap, tap, lap, j . .
-: i . - . ....... . . t lice, an lmrtrOTwl rrr tlie eTrwlf-nee nf thw ntan
was repeatoU. An undcnn.i'jre feling of fear
sleep. Each trial was unSvailing, Ajjain was'j64-
the sound repeated. At but day appeared, the j W'beu the clover is nearly or quite in the best
bane of ghosts, and the mystery was more mys-, state for mowing, for ! hay, (that is, when about
terious than ever. Lpe-fourth of th heads are turning brownish,)
Ills' 8plamnce told plainly that there was a that operatiou ia begun, after dinner, or about
mysiery, ann was no uelUMon. 1 w etlect was
contagkvusj and bemrc night the major part of
the boarders had engaged board elsewhere.
Although Mr. C. believed timt the Boise pro
ceeded from a nrtural caase. besought in vain
. . ' ,
one morn.nir Mrs. t . tM in t mi..r .lu i.
tbe hauntedner. whe.. tao.ten, iwnt,
mvstic noise. She turned around, and th. ... I
tery was explained : " A cat climbing up to the un,,ine' ,,ien " ,i,ne U?Sin to fir5t fol
low roof, and from thence to a hole in the gable ' 'or'1- Other hands, (if the mowers are then
end ot !i building where a nest of juvenile cats i employed,) with iron-pron forks, begin with the
y :ijsdT1rt-ssed against threo louse ! oldest mQwj'ii2..aiiJ hrow the swaths into small
eacrboat4. sTHaulhfy--itlMJt n? eam-aug-Jliair.. ahaiMV
t As she descended- the noise was again repeated.
When it was eipUined, many a hearty laugh
" ' i . Mre CApuuM, vi ,11' leilOWB, HU
for many a year, the ghost of the haunted room
enlivened the fireside stories of the town.
i... i .. .1... . .k ..n j
AGRICULTLIiAL
From the Southtn Furmtr.
Essays on Various Subjocls of Praeti
cal Farming.
nv inMi-sp Rt-rriN, or va.
On Clover Culture siuj the. IV- and Value of tile
Tlie mowing of clover for grei'n food should
li-Mm.MM..lwi'M..K U..uil
I,, . .l ...i. i v. .. n.,.,:..:. T
i hi in.ii m j;wu ..mil, in iiii.'t-, ynn . -uuiwi.- i
gnuu Afcaues bihi Beems io approve, ) i.ie mowing ;
. .4 t -. . -i : . .1. .: T T
for hav is begnn before the crop is fullv in flow-'
" . . I
er. In this manner, they obtain two mowings
for feeding or hay, and third growth as well aJ
laud a manure. Hut it i itittcult ami hacirtl-
,
ous to make hav of such immature clover, and .
the product is small in quantity ; and, it is sup-
n,l.mlf.i,;,,,i;,v..t.vi Tiu. w 1
time for mowing for hay is when about one- i
fourth of the blossoms have t.un to turn brown-:
ish. Hut if the crop is too large for the force,,
of course there must be some mowing" both ear-:
lier'and later than the most proper time.
Clover has been generally deemed of very in-j
ferior qualitv. It has even been declared bv
many farmers, and in some publications, (o be
iu1 fr horses, aud admissible ouly among the
inf Rrtit-hiv of (xKxi fur witiVring attiro entile.
If ttiXi) rMiinti-kiu aw-rs fi nuA it. fl.ts-sas lia
made (a, has bet-n most general) by turning '
and exr-. ta. the sun, I should no, care toj
' , , i, ,-. 't
disputo them. Iu that mode, the thin leaves
'
are all crispaj, and crumble to powder before
the large stems hare lost their water and green
no. Tlu) cocks cannot excludo rain. -And
when Lc hay is dry enosigh to be stacked, or
liouaed, it ,-iten has notliing left but tlie atems,
aii J iVcy wWiici Ind tHIflc" as' rij)c: aud deed
I
So great wer he supposed and ordinary dif
fiuculties of making clover hay, and so rarely
was it obtained of good quality, by all the care
that could be used, that tbe late Fielding Lewis,
(then one f the best farmers in Iqprer Virginia,
and especially noted for applying abundant If
not to much) care and tabor to every object,)
after full trial, abandoned all attewipU to make
good clover bay and resorted, instead, to a slo
venly modew entirely different from bis general
careful habits. lie threw 3 or 4 swarths Into a
wind-row " or light high ridijs of partly with
ered grass, and so k-t it lie, mail Jrj enough to
stack if rain did not previously destroy all iU
value. (Farmrr'i. Rtyister, Vol. I, p. 23.)
Tbe mode which I have adopted is upon die
principle of curing the grass in the shade, and
by air instead of suu and of never moving the
dovcr after its leaves are dry or crisp, (if they
become so at all,) vutil il carried to the bouse or
stack. There is less labor, less danger of dam
age from rain, and more value in the product,
than in any other process of which 1 have beard
the manner and results. It is proper to say that
the plan is not original with me. Tbe attempt
to euro hay in cocks (and of course mostly in the
shade,) -b&s often been made and successfully,
when high winds and heavy raius did uot dam
age the cocks. The plan of preserving their up
right position by stakes or skewers was first sug
gested and' used by the late Claiborne W. Gooch,
w ho wrote a communication embracing this eon
trivanoc fbrtte Fanncrs'.Register, voL l,p. 181.)
Tlie plan was improved upon, and the practice
reported to the samcblication, (vol. t., p. 4 1 4,)
at mi mnipil. hv s i.-rc vmim fanner wlm 1 ..
- ' - ' ' "
luce WIt(, nivsolf, tni e4hr atcins our prae-1
two Ovlock r. M Whea cut solale in the dav.
no -ether labors will bo necessary Tbe grass is
left in tbe swath, as cut, until the next forenoon
alien the dew is dried off If clear of d"T w hen
mown-, there will be none except on tbe
mere surface of tho swatlis.
When quite free
fro,n d a also when some few of the ujper
lcavM bave becomc criP unJer ,b eff ot
!nd each merely large enough to supply at
)eat one' good fork, full. These heaps might
be put immediately into cocks, if required, by
approach of night, or threatening of rain, but oth
erwise, they will best be kept until the forks
have gone over all the grass that is partly wilted
by exposure tn the swath. The making of these
heaps is a facility for the subsequent cocking,
and tbcrcfme is no adition to that labor. But
after being throw n into these hen, it is best to
U4 the f4jrsi li4.whilaIfor two nvons. .FirU,
a new surface beirtgthen exposed to tlie gn, motc
wilting of "the greener clover will take place, and
less such error and its injurious effect. In wa
ter (in the sap) will go into the cock, without
.danger of hurl by too wroth drying in Jhe sun.
Secondly, this heaping is a very easy and rapid
operation, and serves quickly to place out of dan
ger the grass beginning to be crisped on the sur
face of the swaths.
After tbe heaping, (or an hour or two after
beginning to heap, if different sets of hands are
empTiyJ
wr usually is then throughout tbe heap more !
W foll..n I Ill ft.ll
. . i l. i i...
j,, CAOrj't l.ic i,-w jeCT crrjn
lore me neaping siaK or se ers snout j nave
.1 . , I l ...111.
been previously prepared and bronglit to the ;
' '
ground. These arc either of rived timber. or;"S" I" ) " :
uUh!rwi cut of any tolerably straijHit sapling lNSt c-Wdcr, or otfr hay.curi-d ia th ordi- j
u ,vl thoti-di ouii,' nins of second erowth. .
I ' I.
wbere st.-iuding thick, furnish much tlie best. i
&
Thev may 1 from five to six feet long, and one
and a half to two inches through at th. large. ;
m.i t- .1 it ...I it.,1.
should be sharpened by jt hatchet, A pin, made
of strong and tough wood, pointed, and rather
larger than th large point of tlie stakes, is driv-
en" into the ground about eight inches .deep, to
make a note to set the stake, and A hieh is so
placed firmly and upright The stakes are so
placed ill rqws, and 'at such distances, as trial
will show is required for the rocks. Tlie cock
builders now bein. bv nlacintr a heap tlie !
.. r.,...ul U hottam of ea.-h stanJimr stake. !
and"ckelv and equallv around. Tl.i,and -.-ugh I
to make the base, should not be more than fif-
teen or seventeen inches from the cmtral stake
, .. - ., . -ii ,i-
.-to the outsides. Other rlorer u placed on this
1
bav, either with the hand, and around the stake,
Or Willi UIO IWa, jHIJJj5 Ul ivsvnjjl
the pointed lop of the stake, and forcing it down
ward to its place. The thickness of the cock
may be a little el.-rrgrU above tlie ground. But
It a beat not to permit any Jo beTrwre-thaTt three
ghij half, or MtmKmf-tru vj tbr-Jnid-
iiilisawiiiBiiitwi )iis.y'in ii.wjii wa',.a;.ia.sjiii l, il,iHijsi,
dJ' The wbjeet of the stake fc trf prevent
the cock falling or being blown over by high
winds. With this -support, the cocks may h
raised at first to off feet aigb. The will af
terwards settle considerably and the nor in
proportion lo the succulence of the clover, and
the lightness with which it was lafJ on in the
eorta.- Moderately pressing down tbe grass when
building the cock is proper, to moid too much
settling. But the cock should not be mad too
compact at firsts so as to exclude the entrance of.
air, and so prevent the proper curing of the grass.
A little) experience will show ihe improper ex
treme to be avoided.
As the cock settle, the grass holds more or
leas to the stake, and especially to the rough
bark of pine. , This causes almost every stem to
droop from the centre to th) circumference- of
the cock and so to shed rain which Would
otherwise penetrate the very open texture of
clover cocks. This manner of settling gives a
pointed top to th cock, even if made broad-topped
at first. The pointed upper end of the
sUe usually permits the top of the clover to
settle below the point But sometimes the' Up
per clover is held up by the stake, like a hood
over Uie lower and main part The outside of
the cock shelters all the interior from tho sun
entirely, and more or leas from tho rain. Of
course the mere outside, is spoilt by overdrying
iu the sun or is like ordinary sunned and turn
ed clewerliay. ' 'Rut all Utu interior ,: usually
cure perfectly,) the leaves remaining on the'
stems, and luorIyjeserving their green color,
and many of tlie flowers their red tints.
'.iT
heavy rains during the curing, will
not prevent this result, or to but Small extent
Very heavy rains drivenXy strong wirid or long
continued spells of rain, certainly w ill be injuri
ous; but to much less extent than even node-
rate and transient rains with any other mode of
curing. . I have Iftd very bad weather in some
of my clover hay harvest'; but though luLor
was thereby increased, and'hay somewhat dam
aged,! hare never lost by bad weather, altogeth
er, a 'ton of hay, in this mode of curing.
According to tbe weather, and condition of fbe
grass, the cocks will usually have to stand from
four to seven days. I have in one case housed
the hay (avoiding close packing) on the second
day ; and onoe, when tho clover was cut too
green, and the cocks built too compactly, and
too large, they stood eight days, and then had
to bo opened, to remove, some internal damp
ness, which had caused mouldineaa in Uie mid
die. This waa the only ease of such error aud
its injurious effect. In ordinary cases, and with on
ly ordinary rain, nothing is required after cock
ing, until the hay is fit to be housed.
When tL6rtcur4 hav i Ct to ba housed, ot
stacked, tlie removal of the cocks oogbl to be
gun early in tlie morning, while the hay is pliant
(or "gives," or is "in case,") from the effort of the
damp night air. A moderate dew still remain
ing on the cocks, is no objection to proceeding.
But any greater degree of wetness, from re
cent rain, I would not risk, if the hay had to be
immediately packed closely, and ia large bulks.
After beginning, tbe carting in of the cured hay,
and storing it, should proceed as fast as possible,
while, thu liav.cuuliuucs pliaiiU.But as soon. a, it
begins to be rigid and crumbly from increased dry
ing by the sun and dry air, tbe hauling should be
suspended, until the next morning.
Preceding the loading of the carta, for barf au
hour or an hour, (according td the weather,)
the loaders pull out the stacks, and then turn
over tbe cocks, nearly upside down, but leaving
the old bottom somewhat fivng (lie sun. This
part wilt usually be a little tlamp, from contact
with the ground (though not always, if cock-,
ed on dry ground.) and this, or ariv other re-
maming dampness, win be speedily reniovea oy
t,U little exposure to sun and air.
Tho cocks I
.l.'.... . w. I L. . ,K i
k. f ... v.: ....i ; .i,...,l.l i- l...-l .
wr-'wwfs wuij vmw.v
ted in, and should W housed or i . , . , - r-v-- i j -
, ,, TmaJe b"ut iSloTbL-r-ooth producta being dried.
as possible a fterwards. liavsoi ' ',- , . . , "
.1... ...I mm ri
", w j-v. - v. -.'
cured will be inviting iu Color aud odor, will be I
... . 1 - I ... I ...
- . . ' .
,,-.1.1- . f.-vl m MkU.v ..f t!i haw:
, , . ,
eoin,. uniler u.v observation, t.reen cover, or
L, .' , ... :. ..i., i' . .. .,. a ......
montLs 0 ,.ferJ. va.j u ase.1 without stint
- ,
For fear of rain, the hay ought not to remain j
in the cocts longer than it i cured eaough for
housing. But on more than one oecaion, part ;
of my bay was still in cocks, and not cured J
enough to bouse, wh.n wheat har.est was I, j
gun, and w hich occupied all tlie force for more .
Uian two weiks. After this long exposure the ,
cocks were haulwl in; and though there waa,
depth of uabnraing and injury than tliere-'
bT u"4 lh il,Urio' U sl'n 1f,,'t !
Xhe hole leather, averaged, was loler.--
N. K-xl y-anU preferaWe to most of ' j
Stacks or nck of clover hay are troubiewom
. - . . .
to liinlJ ami t.v sviire from ram. Ihev should
, , uk bui. ,. for mion.
apd to prevent more than the unavoidable set-
lling ; and should be topped with straw, to k ep '
out rain. Putting clover in house is very, far, she ground by their subsequent death and decay,,
ihe' cheaper and safer plan. . ' . ' j - ' . -" ' ' "
- 'Tli erhVt
wr jaat nd jlrmtip luiturAsSiu4 ay- y?"'"'' ''.."'' ; V '!
If so taken care of, ffiey nStargloimiBj year.
It should have been stated earlier that elovet
ought not to be cut for hay while any dew re
mains on it though a very GUI remaining will
dry off the clover after being cut, and a lying'
ia tbe swath. This nil will delay th mowing
generally to from 9 to 11 o'clock, A. M. All
the clover cut each day before,! about t, P. JL
may be cocked that evening. -All cut after that
liftie' may remain in the swath until next day.-
If the grass ia wetted thoroughly hy rain la tba
swath, and before being wilted, there will h BW
tovxeept of labor, ia opening and stirring the
grass, which will then he required; to - dry tt-
As soon aa this accidental moisture i otr1y
removed, th heaping and socking should fro
cced, a in other eases. f fj
The slight moisture from dew just be for and -to
twilight, need not suspend ither th mowing,
or the putting of graaf before heaped intoeockw .
But I would prefer not to mak heap from th
swath after dew was perceptible a th dover,
' The clover, after being cut, usually be m th."
swath, under from three to fir hours of B
shine, and in th heaps, an boor or two longer..
And all cut after J P. M, asually lie rnth
swath until ae morning, and until th dew ha
dried off. But when there baa been danger tf
a spell of rain, or on the evening preceding a.
Sunday, I have cocked, (and cured safely) all.
the clover cut before 4, P. M, aod wilhia two
(hours after th mowing. Ia such ease, th'
coclu should be sillalk-rthaaBsual, and the fresh- ,
mown clover laid on mor lightly than directed
above for the ordinary jnetSliifCf-t '"jT-
The great value and most imporlaa"of To-'.. ' ,.
veris a a grew- nanure, and . .ajpill7.iaT..v;
wheat For this purpos. lb land oa which tb
clover grew, should be ploughed a deeply' awe!
as well as the soil and its then conditio permits,"
and as -early as mr t after th endrof ivsypur
II uoiie n.ucu earner, m wwm wy v .v-vi.
will not have reached its full valu as maaur v
and also the early ploughing will become Tery vi
foul with grass. If lb ploughing is aiuch ,lal
ter, the crop of wheat, will usually be lessened in t .
proportion to the delay. This, however, as not
always th result ' -t - :ij
It is the general usag of thoe who precede
wheat by clover to plough sudor th ebrar ia ;
iu first year of full growth (that ia, th secoadr
year after sowing the eed.) Such was my owui -entire
practice until recently, induced by tha t
coutinoa belief that clover will generally dm aiVf
ter attaining iU'ftrll growth and that, if left
longer, weeds will b almost th oajy growth af;;
the field ia the aexf year. Tbia is, indeed, lit i
case where the soil unfavorable la th growth,.,
of clover. But I havuhd'laltoly. that part' -.
of my clover llelus left unplotrghed; through th t
second summer fter full growth, (or third wbb;f
mcr after the sowing,) are equally a wU, and
in some case better covered by clover, thaa ia th f
previous summer.- Th second year's growth h j
lower, but a thicker cover than that 4ji-f
I t 1. I" - . 1. . uuj' .n rJ aImu . . .
be-joefore unoccupied spaoci And though clover il
deemed a biennial plant, and a such, should di ,
after its secoud year from th germinating, still -many
plants live longer than thai term. Mor
especially, is this protraction of life induced by
tlie mowing or grazing of clover just be for it
forms its seed. - t
If the couti nuance of the clover crop for two -years
can be relied on, (from previous trial and
observations,) it is surely a great loss to plough
it under a year earlier. If the usual on year's
'prulua J gr two" year , .
product should giv twice ssmueh manure. And
ast he gntat difficulty is to obtain a good " siaad - ,
of plants, it would seem the mor ' required, to
mainuin the continued manuring of good standi .
already existing, rather than to try th risk of ,
obtaining another from th scV, caef, bad ' ,
Beside the manuring value of th clover ..
above the ground, there is another large propor- .
lion in the root. These are large, and peaa
trate tbe soil deeply, and all remain to manure
the, soil. Bousaingalt found, by careful trial of
' i . . . i. e Ai...... ... h. -A.-. mI.u.a mi!a
- . , . ,
Jl iiw. . sow avns, woes, muumumj v...r-
I,"-t,l
i ue quanuiy oi mover ruum .;
tained 20 lbs. of aii swM ; or about ooa-arveollt
4f Uie quantity of aiote iu the ordinary heavy
mjuluH (2 fa.. mtg ..Joed, th
acw.l piVen to the eld from stable and barn-
' - . .
var.l, aim a.ter lenacntaiion, wuicn was icq -
pobnojt 4 azote." Aa average years product at ,
founJ V
.8 U of aaot. Then the roots m the abov
proportion, would have yielded CO lbs. of aot
the whole growth of clover, for va yA
would yield 138 lbs. -or about three-fourth a
much as tie; above named heavy cover of- wall
niitit,-.l barn and stable manure. ' "
u canot grow more thaa ia
p,,, to the sue of the phut above grouad.
. M rt,u . Kwti . . nM i. ,!,!,
fuU fiu UJ BUluring yjue, jf tle crop,
as ta-
k iher bv mowing or craxinit. before h.
ihe fullv crown. Fronuthis. it tnV be inferred.
,u.;f j, t, ,nd jwmUy graatd. to
as never to attain much sixe, the roots will be
muodwarf and can give but llUle manure to
the ground. But if tie crop is allowed to reach
,. : , , , ,.
fi,H .i h iW iiwva ,vil.vj,Mituimli.
h m2x ff ,,. mAi will h. .t e.1
fut growthand competent both tiWnd forth
another goWd crop specdilv, nnj to manure well