Whole No. 383.
TarhorougJi, Edgecombe County, JV. C.J Tuesday, December 27, 183 1.
Vol VIIIXo. 19.
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HV CCO KGB HOWARD,
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MESSAGE
From the President of the U. Slates,
to the two Houses of Congress, at
the commencement of the first ses
sion of the 22l Congress.
(continued from our Inst.)
To China and the East In
dies our commerce continues in
its usual extent and with increa
sed facilities, which the credit
and capital of our merchants
afford, by substituting bills for
payments in specie. A daring
outrage having been committed
in those seas by the plunder of
one of our merchantmen enga
ged in the pepper trade at a port
in Sumatra, and the piratical
perpetrators belonging to tribes
in such a state of society that
the usual course of proceed
ings between civilized nations
could not be pursued, I forth
with despatched a frigate with .
orders to rcquireimmediate sa-
tisfaction for the injury, and in-1
demnity to the sufferers.
Few changes have taken
place in our connexions with
the independent States of Amo-jandto take care that our fe!fev
ricu since my last communica-' citizens shall enjoy all the pmi
tion to Congress. The ratifi-1 leges stipulated in their favor,
cation of a commercial treaty by the treaty lately made be
with the United Republics of tween the two powers, all which,
Mexico, ha9 been for some time the good intelligence that pie
under deliberation in their Con-1 vails between our Minister at
gress, but was still undecided at Kio Janeiro and the Regency,
the date of our last despatches. . gives us the beat reason to ex
The unhappy civil commotions ' pcet.
that have prevailed there were! I should have placed Buenos
undoubtedly the cause of the j A res in the list of South A me
delay; but as the government is rican powers in respect to which
!now said to be tranquilized, we nothing of importance affecting
may hope soon to receive the
ratification of the treaty, and an
arrangement for the demarca
tion of the boundaries betweeu
us. In the mean time an im
portant trade has been opened,
with mutual benefit, from St.
Louis, in the State of Missouri,
by the caravans, to the interior
provinces of Mexico. This
commerce is protected in its
progress through the Indian
countries by the troops of the
United States, which have been
permitted to ( ncort the caravans
beyond our boundaries to the
settled part of the Mexican ter
ritory. From Central America, I
have received Assurances of the
most friendly kind, and a gratir
fying application fur our good
offices to remove a supposed in
disposition towards that gov
ernment in a neighboring State:
this application was immediate
ly and successfully complied
with. They g.'ive us also the
pleasing intelligence that differ
ences which had , prevailed in
their internal affairs, had been
peaceably adjusted. Our trea
ty with this Republic continues
to be faithfully observed, and
promises a great and beneficial
commerce between the two
countries: a commerce of the
greatest importance, if the mag
nificent project of a ship canal
through the dominions of that
State, from the Atlantic to the
Pacific ocean, now in serious
contemplation, shall be exe
cutcd.
1 have great satisfaction in
uoumiunicaung me success
which has attended the exer
tions of our Minister in Colom
bia, to procure a very consider
able reduction in the duties on
our flour in that Republic. In
demnity also has been stipula
ted for injuries received by ou
merchants from illegal seizure:
and renewed assurances ate
given that the treaty between
the two countries shall be faith
fully observed.
Chili and Peru seem to be
still threatened with civil com
motions; and until ihev shall be
settled disorders may naturally
be apprehended, requiring the
constant presence of a naval
force in the Pacific ocean, to
protect our fisheries and guard
our commerce.
The disturbances that took
place in the empire of Brazil,
previously to, and immediately
consequent upon, the abdication
of the lute Emperor, necessarily
suspended any effectual appli
cation for the redress of some
past injuries suffered by our ci
tizens from that government,
while they have been the cause
of others, in which all foteign
!ers seem to have participated,
Instructions have been given to
our Minister there, to pies. for
indemnity due for losses occa
sioned by these irregularities:
us was to be communicated;
but for occurrences which have
lately taken place at the Falk
land Islands, in which the name
of that Republic has been used
to cover with a show of autho
rity, acts injurious to our com
merce, and to the property and
liberty of our fellow citizens.
In the course of the present
year, one of our vessels engaged
in the pursuit of a trade - which
we have always enjoyed without
molestation, has been captured
by a baud acting, as they pre
tend, under the authority of the
government of Buenos Ayres.
I have therefore given orders
for the despatch of an armed
vessel, to join our squadron in
those seas, and aid in affording
all lawful protection to our
trade which shall be necessary;
and shall without delay send a
Minister to inquire into the na
ture of the circumstances, and
also of the claim, if any, that is
set up by that government to
those islands. In the mean
time I submit the case to tlu
consideration of Congress, to
the end that they may clothe
the Executive with such autho
rity . and means as ihey may
deem necessary for providing a
force adequate to the complete
protection of our fellow citizens
fishing and trading in those
seas.
This rapid sketch of our fo
reign relations it is hoped, fel
low citizens, may be of some
use in so much of your legisla
tion as may bear on that impor
tant subject; while it affords to
the country at large a source of
high gratification in the contem
plation of our political and com
incrrial connexion wi:h the ret
of the world. At peace with
dl having subjects of future
difference with few, und those
twepiihle of e.-y adjustment
extruding our commerce gra
dually on all sides, and on none
by any but the most liberal and
muunily beneficial menus, we
may, by the blessing of Provi
dence, hope for all tiiat nation
al prosperity which can be de
rived from an intercourse with
foreign nations, guided by those
eternal principles of justice and
reciprocal good u:!l, which arc;
binding as we!i :ipon States, as
the iudiidu'iN of whom they
are coin posed.
I have great twuisfaction in;
making this statement of our!
affairs, becnue the course of:
our national policy enables me
to do it without any indiscreet
exposure of what in other gov
ernments is usuallv concealed
from the people. Having none
but a straight forward open
course to pursue guided by a
single principle that will bear
the strongest light we have
happily no political combina
tions to fnem, no alliances to
entangle us, no complicated in-ti-;esis
to consult; and in sub
jecting all we have done to the
onide atinu of our citizens,
un i to the inspection of the
world, we give no advantage to
other nations, and lay ourselves
open to no injury.
It may not be improper to
add, that to preserve this state
of things, and give confidence
to the world in the integrity of
our designs, all our consular
and diplomatic agents are strict
ly enjoined to examine well ev
ery cause of complaint preferred
by our citizens; and, while they
ure with proper earnestness
those that are well founded, to
countenance none that are un
reasonable or unjust, and to en
join on Nour merchants and na
vigators the strictest obedience
to the laws of tin; countries to
which they resort, and a course
of conduct in their dealings that
mav support the character of
our nation, and render us re
spected abroad.
Connected with this subject,
I must recommend a revisal of
our consular laws. ueiecis
and omissions have been disco
vered in their operation that
ought to be remedied and sup
plied. For your further infor
mation on this .subject, I have
directed a report to be made by
the Secretary of State, which I
shail hereafter submit to your
consideration.
The internal peace and secu
rity of our confederated States
is the next principal object of
the General Government. 1 ime
ind experience have proved that
the abode of the native Indian
within their limits is dangerous
to their peace, and injurious to
himself. In accordance with
my recommendation at a former
session of Congress, an appro
priation ot halt a million of dol
lars was made to aid the volun
tary removal of the various
tribes beyond the limits of the
States. At the last session, I
had the happiness to announce
that the Chickasaws and Choc
taws had accepted the generous
offer of the government, and
agreed to remove beyond the
Mississippi river, by which the
whole of the State of Mississip
pi and the western part of Ala
bama will be freed from Indian
occupancy, and opened to a
civilized population. The trea
ties with these tribes are in a
course of execution, and their
removal, it is hoped, will be
completed in the course of
1832.
At the request of the autho
rities of Georgia, the registra
tion of Cherokee Indians for
emigration has been resumed,
and it is confidently expected
that one-half, if not two-thirds
of that tribe, will follow the
wise example of their more
westerly brethren. Those who
prefer remaining at their pre
sent homes will hereafter be
governed by the laws of Geor
gia as all her citizens are, and
cease to be the objects of pe
culiar care on the part of the
General Government.
During the present year, the
attention of the Government
has been particularly directed to
those tribes in the powerful and
growing State of Ohio, where
considerable tracts of the finest
lands were still occupied by the
original proprietors. Treaties,
either absolute or conditional,
have been made, extinguishing
the whole Indian title to the re
servations in that State; and
the time is not distant, it is ho
ped, when Ohio will be no lon
ger embarrassed with the In
dian population. The same
measure will be extended to In
diana, as soon as there is rea
son to anticipate success.
It is confidently believed that
perseverance for a few years in
the present policy of the Gov
ernment, will extinguish the In
dian title to all lands lying with
in the Stales composing our
F ederal 'Union and remove be
yond their limits every Indian
who is not willing to submit to
their laws. Thus will all con
flicting claims to jurisdiction
between the States and the In
dian tribes be put to rest. It is
pleasing to reflect that results
so beneficial, not only to the
States immediately concerned,
but to the harmony of the Uni
on, will have been accomplished
by measures equally advanta
geous to the Indians. What
the native savages become when
surrounded by a dense popula
tion, and by mixing with the
whites, may be seen in the mi
serable remnants of a few east
ern tribes, deprived of political
and civil rights, forbidden to
make contracts and subjected
to guardians, dragging out a
wretched existence, without ex
citement, without hope, and al
most without thought.
But the removal of the In
dians beyond the limits and ju
risdiction of the States does not
place them beyond the reach of
philanthropic aid and Christian
instruction. On the contrary,
those whom philanthropy, or
religion may induce to live
among them in their new abode,
will be more free in the exer
cise of their benevolent func
tions, than if they had remained
within the limits of the States,
embarrassed by their internal
regulations. Now, subject to
no control but the superintend
ing agency of the General Go
vernment, exercised with the
sole view of preserving peace,
they may 'proceed unmolested
in the interesting experiment of
gradually advancing a commu
nity of American Indians from
barbarism to the habits and en
joyments of civilized life.
Among the happiest effects
of the improved relations of our
Republic, has been an increase
of trade, producing a corres
ponding increase of revenue,
beyond the most sanguine anti
cipations of the Treasury De
partment. The state of the public finan
ces will be fully shown by the
Secretary of the Treasury, iu
the report which he will pre
sently lay before you. I will
here however congratulate you
upon their prosperous condition.
The revenue received in the
present year will not fall short
of twenty-seven millions seven
hundred thousand dollars; and
the expenditures for all objects
other than the public debt, will
not exceed fourteen millions
seven hundred thousand, The
payment on account of the prin
cipal and interest of the debt,
during the year, will exceed
sixteen and a half millions of
dollars; a greater sum than has
been applied to that object, out
of the revenue, in any year
since the enlargement of the
sinking fund, except the two
years following immediately
thereafter. The amount which
will have been applied to the
public debt from the 4th of
March, 1829, to the first of Jan
uary next, which is less than
three years since the adminis
tration h is been placed in my
hands, will exceed forty mil
lions of dollars.
From the large importations
of the present year, it may be
safely estimated that the reve
nue which will be received into
ihe Treasury from that source
thiring the next year, with the
aid of that received from the
public lands, will considerably
exceed the amount of the re
ceipts of the present year; and
it is believed that with the
means which the Government
will have at its disposal, from
various sources, which will be
fully staled by the proper De
partment, the whole of the pub
lic debt may be extinguished,
either by redemption or pur
chase, within the four years of
my administration. We shall
then exhibit the rare example
of a great nation, abounding in
all the means of happiness and
security, altogether free from
debt.
The confidence with which
the extinguishment of the pub
lic debt may be anticipated,
presents an opportunity for car
rying into effect more fully the
policy in relation to import du
ties, which has been recommen
ded iu my former messages.
A modification of the tariff,
which shall produce reduction
of our revenue to the wants of
the Government, and an adjust
ment of the duties on imports