Tarioro,-,, (ZJJcomBe Poiiiilif, wY. C) Saturday, November 88, 183.5. Foi. AT JV0. i8. ii'fiirb trough Pre," 7tt , r . . r For v pemxl !! ini" :,i(ii:"i ... " licp I hereof Hud . ! 1 pni . ... ' In .llv; .XI. t lllllf ill It'l S " - '""T mii- iiivarinlilv Vy ' H.lvR.ir, .i J I, inerlP. at f n8 the tir.t mcr " t -,ceaJacli continuance. LMg " ';: at that ri fr v.-,y G ?r 0 . ,p minUct U.e mini nirnons rquiml. r .1,,, -,U , ,;,,.ied uiiiil otherwise or.hinl, and , sr,.,l accor.lmclv. oiters -Tl!r. se,J to the Kilitor must !. . . ; j or ihev niHV not be attended to. j5 $y JL. 4 3 COVEKXOH'S MESSAGE, fa As General. hscmbty of North Carolina: The duty of addressing the re presentatives of the people, con vened to consult lor the common .ifihpir constituents, has on o previous occasion been to nie the source of so great anxiety and perplexity as the present. This embarrassment arises no less from il,e peculiar situation of our af fairs, than from the measures in progress to amend the Constitu tion of the State. It will be some days before it can 1)3 ascertained whether the new Constitution has been adopt ed or rejected. If it has been ..JnniPfl: !i material change in lite 1 basis of representation, constitutes one of its most prominent provi mi ,..... ..r dm sious. i ills expiciwti ui me public will, made in the most iiu jwsinpr form known to our insti tutions, will probabjy have a de cided influence upon your pro ceedings. You will not, without hesitation, venture upon any rad ical change in the system of poli ty hitherto pursued, if it shall be; ascertained that the people have transferred the legislative power of the State to a Department which will be constituted upon principles differing essentially from those which enter into the formation of your body. Whatever may be the conclusion at which you may arrive on this subject, there seems ,t be no reason which should res itrain the Executive Department iuomihe customary expression of opinion upon the most important jmpics which engage public atten tion. I To much the larger portion of jtliis State, the past year has been a jseason of nmre than ordinary prosperity. The production of rtic!es necessary to the susten ance cl !i it man life, has been abun jUi.it and our great agricultural iftap!e ha commanded a higher price than has been known for ma f)' years. Our citizens, always distinguished, for prudence and sconuniv iii t! J -- ..V. IKIIIIIgtUlllll jl!'eir domestic affairs, aided by ljl'e fortunate circumstances refer red to. are at present probably Jess involved in pecuniary didicuf 1:C5, ihan at any previous period Jfonr history. Notwithstanding jtnese clear evidences of the com paratively prosperous condition fl the community, the tide of em ration continues to flow in a co ) laus and steady current to the States and Territories of the Pest, and we are thus constantly png many of our most wealthy, fjierprizing and intelligent citi-I7?l,s- It is not, surprizing that the universal ami laudable disposition .stpikmgiy characteristic of the A- prican people to acquire a oer- j'nent interest in the soil, should pompt removals from an old and (.MJu . I I 'J ppuiaieu country, to leiy SetJeil rPglons wJlcre D l,y tia.Is nity be acquired ai !hv Pries. Ti,;it these causes j'eiu many instances produced 'Uratim, fr0in this State, is ad .!ut,I; but we deceive ourselves. .j'f suppose that the evil is to be I, j "vyiem alone, in gen ai'Jbnty, variety of climate and consetpient variety of produc tions, average fertility of soil, and wide extent of ,sea coast, North Carolina is scarcely exceeded by any of her sister Stales. Other causes, therefore, than natural disadvantages, have in a greater or Jess degree affected the growth and prosperity of the State. A very slight acquaintance with the facts, will sullit e to show that a large proportion of the citizens who removed from our borders within thje last ten years, have contributed to augment the popu lation and .resources of States more .densely peopled than our own. . With regard then to the latter class, and to those, who are liable to be influenced by similar (Moderations hereafter, it be comes important to inquire, what causes have produced the evil, in order that you may ascertain whether a remedy can be devised 1 1 within the lecitimate ranire cf ; w u i your powers. When we consider that we have but a single collegiate institution in the State, but. few respectable academies, and that no adequate provision has been made to difluse even the elementary principles of education among the poor; that there is not a single w ork of Inter nal Improvement in progress, and no fund that deserves the name provided for the future develope ment of our resources; it ceases to be matter of surprize that even our younger sisters munificently provided for in all these respects by the boitirty of the General Gov ernuient, should outstrip us in the generous contest .for physical and j semb! v to rrpresent to the Uen intelleciual improvement. It' is Ural Government the defenceless but nadirs! thai under ?eh cir-1 condition of our maritime frontier: cumstances lite young, the ardent j In reply, we were urged fo pre and the enterprizing among our J pare vigorously for the contest, own citizens, 'should sever the tie$ j and to rely exclusively upon our that bind ihem to their native own resources, as it w as not then homes, and seek for affluence and ; convenient to aid us. The legis distinclioirunder better YiuspicesJ lature immediately resorted to It affords me no pleasure to pre- j loans, provided munitions of waf sent this picture of cur condition. ! indispensible to the protection of It would indeed be the source of , the coast, and put theni in the extreme mortification if I regard-j charge of the militia of the State, ed it as proceeding exclusively ( The claim for the expense thus from our own supiuencss ami neg"- j incurred, has been lor years, and led. That we have done, less $ at present, before the War De than we might and ought to have ( parlment, and has been uniformly done for the accomplishment of! resisted, upon the ground that the these great purposes, is, in my ! General Government,, having o estimation, certain; but that our milted to fortify the coast, could exertions have been constantly j "ot properly be. required to pay retarded by the system of Federal ! for munitions of war, suitable cn lecishilion adopted with regard ! Iv for fortifications. Since, the to ns. is not less manifest. This entire subject was so fully ,ias le" e,ecte(1 contiguous to discussed in mv last annual mes- aPe .f r. a,,d anot,;er ,,ear ,M sage, that 1 tl.'all content myself j Top-sail Inlet, but these are the with a mer reference to that pa-,,,' evidences visible upon the per, rather 'than an extended con- face of,,,e country of the exertion sideration of it in this. It was tards us of the benevolent ac then attempted to-be shewn, thnt j ;f ,lie Government, either lor great injustice had been done to lhe purposes ol improvement or this State in the sejllement of our defence. daims for revolutionary service;! that the revenue system adopted . by the Federal Government had ; operatcd oppressively upon us, ! and that the low prices at which ! i government lands were dispos- 1 of in the" ne w Slates and Ter-I ritories, had affected most injuri- j ouslv the value of our real estate. , J . . . . I l'he injustice sustained in the tlement of our revolutionary j claims, emnarrusseu our cudms towards improvement, at the pe riod ol all others the most import ant, the commencement of our political existence; and the tariff and land systems subsequently adopted, farVrom relieving, tend ed but to increase our difficulties. Thus stripped of resources, the history of our State legislation lunnerthe first half century ol our political existence, will exhibit lit tle more to posterity than the an nual imposition of taxes amount ing no Ws than a hundred tnous. and dollars, one half of which constituted the reward ofthe legis lative bodies by which they were levied, while the remainder was applied to sustain the train of offi cers who superintended the ma- chinery of government. The establishment of schools for the convenient instruction of.youth, and the developement and im provement of our internal resour ces by means beyond the reach of individual enterprize, will seem scarcely to have been regarded as proper objects of legislative con cern. Still less cheering and consol atory is the history of our Federal relations. Immediately upon our entrance into the Federal com pact, we conveyed to the .General Government our entire claim to territory west of this State, out of a portion of which was formed the State of Tennessee, as a com mon fund for the use and benefit of the United States of America, North Carolina inclusive, to be applied to the payment of the na tional debt according to their res pective and usual proportions in the fpnrral rtmrno an,! ovnomK. o -,- " " - " ture, and to no. other purpose whatever. Wre have, in the shape of internal duties, contributed more than a million odollars an nually to the national Treasury. In return for these immense con cessions, we have enjoyed that protection which the American name extends to American citizens throughout the wide extent of this confederacy, and we may almost say that none other than this nom inal protection has been a Horded to us. During the late war, when ! our coast was blockaded by the greatest maritime power in the world, a special messenger was : despatched by the General As- ar, a Fort of the second class! If it were possible to procure precise data, uv winch to institute a comparison betweeu the exac- tions and the disbursements of the Federal Government, from and on account of North Carolina, there can be no difficulty in pronounc- iog that a prominent cause of our evils would be rendered most ap- . - ? set-(.parent, lime comparison eie .extended so as to present a rem- ..t, , disbursements on account ol some ofthe more favored States, the contrast would exhibit a claim to redress which could scarcely be overlooked or disregarded. A more fayorable opportunity than the present to urge attention to these claims, cahnot arise nor is the nation likely, at any future period, to be able to do us justice with such perfect convenience. That the revenue ofthe General Government exceeds its legitimate wants, ami that the power and natronage incident to it, are dan gerous to the liberty ofthe coun try, are positions which will scarcely be controverted. In my last annual Message, to which refererfce has already been made in connection with this topic, I suggested as the most appropriate and least objectionable mode of satisfy ing the .demands of North Carolina, and reducing in some degree, the patronage of the Gov ernment, a distribution ofthe pro ceeds of the public domain, upon the principles stipulated by our deed of cession. It is now sub mitted as a subject proper for your consideration, and as requiring, for reasons so obvious to be sta ted, early and efficient action. This State, it will be recollected, was charged with one tenth of the entire expenses incurred in sus taining the war of the revolution and is therefore entitled to the same proportion of all that por tion ofthe public lands ceded to the General Government, anterior to the acquisition of Louisiana. A cession to the new States of such portions of the public'doniain as are situate within their limits, or a further reduction ofthe price at which it is at present disposed of, cannot be otherwise than deep ly injurious to all the old States, and fraught with manifest injustice and the most ruinous consequences to us. With n Treasury barely suffi cient to meet the current expenses of the Government, without re sorting to loans, it would be idle to recommend the adoption of any measures connected with the gen eral improvement of either the physical or intellectual resources of the country. iVly opinions on these subjects, have been repeat edly communicated to the General Assembly, and are too well known to all classes of the community, to justify repetition. To attempt to accomplish any thing with re gard to either, without first hav ing provided a competent fund for the purpose, 'would have no other effect than to disappoint the excited hopes of the public, and postpone further efforts to ' an indefinite period. A just propor tion of the' re'venue, accruing from the sales of public iautls, would enable us to enter upon a sv stem of measures which could not be otherwise than productive of the most auspicious results. Without it, judging from past ex perience, Ii i tie expectation can be entertained that an adequate fund for this purpose will be provided by the 'Government in time to meet the growing exigencies of the country. 1 have, on various occasions, expressed the opinion, that it was not to be expected, in the nature of things, that any system of In ternal Improvements Commensu rate with our necessities and re sources would, at any time, be effected by individual enterprize. The attention of the capitalist will naturally be directed to the sec tions of tountry which will best reward expenditure, rather than to those which most require im provement. Important local im provements may, nevertheless, ue effected by incorporated compa nies; and if the Government neg lects its appropriate duty ol pro viding for the wants of the whole' community, liberal encouragement should, al least', be e-xtended to individuals who propose to com bine their skill ant capital in an attempt to improve any portion of the country. In the accompany ing file of papers, will be found a printed pamphlet, containing the proceedings of a meeting of citizens- held at Cincinnati, Ofuo, on the lOih of August last, on the subject ol allail Road from the banks of the Ohio river, to the tide waters of'the Carolinas and Georgia." The enterprize pro posed by that meeting, is of the most gigantic character, and con lemplates a large expenditure of capital, but promises, if effected, immensely beneficial tesults to nearly half of the Union. It is at present exciting much interest in South Carolina and Georgia, andlsels, and prompt and confidence in its practicability and utility I r seems to be rapidlv increasing. The efi'ect that its ac complishment would have upon this State, depends, in a great de gree, upon the course which may be pursued with respect to a gen eral system of improvements. 11 the plan recommended by the Internal Improvement Convention two years since, should be adopt ed, the Cincinnati project would prove a magnificent extention of our system. If we determine to do nothing ourselves, and permit South Carolina and Georgia to compete alone for the trade of the valley of the Mississippi, the enterprize, nevertheless, promises the most important advantages to the State west of the Alleglvany; and is, under all circumstances, entitled to the most favorable con sideration. In connection with this subject, 1 submit a communi cation Irom the President of de Finances, and suggests the meae Petersburg Rail Road Company,! ures for their in:piove- -exh.b.ting statements of the re-' . rwht a c!earness amjrce ce.ptsand disbursements on that of rpas0!1;n hichly creditable to portion of the road within the limits of this State, and making important suggestions in relation to its further extension within our borders. The spirit of fanaticism, which has recently been manifested in connection with one species of our population, in various sections of the Union, demands and will re ceive your serious consideration. It is no longer possible to conceal it, if we would, and it becomes us, in common with the people of eve ry Southern State, to speak a lan guage upon this subject which will not admit of misapprehension, and exhibit a spirit that shall, .at least, command attention and re spect. The extent of the opera tions ami designs of these misgui ded people, will be best under stood by an examination of the accompanying file of papers, pub lished under the patronage of the Society of Immediate Abolition ists at New York: which has been! transmitted to me by a citizen ofi this State for your use. The sub - ip.'t first ntfrartPfl thf nttPiuinn nf the Legislature in 1S30, when the evil was comparatively in its in fancy; and the publication or cir culation within this Staleof these incendiary newspapers and pam phlets, was made a felony, punish able by fine, whipping, ami the p'dlor.y in the first instance; and death for "the second offence. It is apparent to all who have any accurate knowledge of our condi tion, tlu.t the public safety imperi ously requires the suppression of these wicked and -mischievous publications, injurious alike to the best interest of the master and the slave. This, 1 spprehend, cannot be effected without the co-operation of the Legislatures of the States from which these missiles proceed. Such an interference with our domestic concerns upon the part of the citizens of a foreign State, either encouraged or per mitted by the government, would at once justify a resort to the modes ordinarily adopted for the adjustment of national differences. If- we should exercise greater for bearance'in the present instance, it is not because the wrongs we sufier are Ies injurious or morti fving, when inflicted by the bands of brethren. The obvious "de sign and tendency of these pro ceedings, are to subvert ihe Con stitution and laws of the country; and we have, therefore, an indubi table right to ask of our sister Stales the adoption of such mea sures as may be necessary and re quisite to suppress them totally and .1 . TT .1 v . promptly. upon mis question there is no diversity of interest and can be no difference of opin ion. The entire South will unite with you in the adoption of any measures .which may seem best calculated to insure union of coun enertri tic action, under the perfect con viction that there is no neutral ground which can be occupied either with safety or honor, and that to delay action is to increase dancer, 1 cannot doubt or hesitate as to the course which it brccnics us to pursue. It is there foe re spectfully recommended as worthy of your consideration, whether Resolutions should not be adopt ed, inviting the'States united with us by the lies of common interest and danger, to co-operate with ns in the adoption of such measures as may be necessary to insure our safety; and calling upon the Le gislatures of all the States, to en act such penal laws upon this sub ject, as may be necessary to per petuate the blessings contemplated in the formation of the Federal Constitution and the Union. The Report ofthe Public Trea- curur - v ! 1 1 1 . 1 1 c itin r rvnt ii inn nl mi that officer. Most i f ;he measures recommended to yot.r considera tion, have heretofore occupied the attention of the General Assembly, but have given rise to no efficient legislation. Whether ihe course pursued by your predecessors, upon this subject, was the one de manded by the public interest, it is scarcely necessary to inquire. If the proposed Constitution shall be rejected, it is certain that you have no alternative other than the diminution ofthe public expendi tures, or the increase ofthe public revenue. If it shall be adopted, though the necessity for the con sideration of this subject may be rendered less absolute, it will re main equally prudent and proper. In the accompanying file of pa pers, will be found a communica tion from the Governor of Ken tucky, soliciting an exchange id law reports between that Slate and this: A similar application upon the part ofthe State of .Maryland, communicated to the last Reports . of ! General Asssemoiy. i the decisions of the Supreme Courts of Maryland, Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois and Missouri, have been received at various pe riods from the Executive Depart ments of these States; and have been preserved in the Library be longing to the Executive Office. As this Department has no autho rity over the subject, it become your duty to adopt the measure which seem to be demanded by the courtesy ofthe States referred to. An interchange of tiie Statute Laws of ail the States, has existed perhaps from the foundation of the government, and seems indeed to be essential to enlightened' leg islation. The reported decisions ofthe Courts of the several Statesk would perhaps be equally import ant to the Judicial Department of the Government, and would cer tainly constitute a valuable addi tion to the public Library. 1 have heretofore suggested to the General Assembly, ihe pro priety or revising tiie Lws regu lating the duties of the Public Printer; and beg leave to com mend ihe subject lo your consid eration. The compensation al lowed him for any other than ex tra work, is altogether inadequate ; and as a natural consequence, ihe laws are most inelegantly and inaccurately printed. It is made the duty of no one to prepare in dexes and marginal notes, or re vise the proof-sheets; and numer ous, and in many instances, mate rial errors have found their way into even the best editions ofthe laws. Some more certain and definite principle, by which to de termine the amount of compensa tion to be allowed for extra work, should also be prescribed. The death of the Honorable Henry Seawellj has created a

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