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Tarhorough, (Edgecombe County, ST. C.) Saturday, December 20, 1835.
Vol. XI ,
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"niESIDEN'TS message.
(continued f rum our last.)
The condition of the Public
Punnet's W,ls never nunc umn-i
j.u'thau at tin present period, i
' 's;;,te tn v li'.-i annual communi
(ji'ion. all li-' remains of the Pub- (
jic Uc'bl have been redeemed, or j
,:).inev lns been placed in deposiie
j'.r tiiis purpose, whenever the
ie iitors choose to receive it. All
fie i!i-.T pecuniary engagements
t f liie Government have leen hon
orably ami promptly fulfilled; and
lure will he a balance in lire
Treasury at the close of the pres
tat year, of about nineteen mill
ions of dollars. It is believed,
that after meeting all outstanding!
and unexpended appropriations!
there will remain near eleven j
i- .1 .. I .1 '
r.iillions, to ne appiiuu ui imy uvw
'objects which Congress may de
Vun tle. or to the more rapid exe-
ttiiinu ef the works already in!
progress. In aid of llJee objects,
'mid to satisfy the current expen
ditures of the ensuing years, it is
tslimnted th it there will be rect-iv-eJ,
from various sources, twenty
; millions more in 1
I Sh juM Congress make now
appropriations, in conformity with
tiieestiarjt.es which will be sub-,
Riitted h'oni l!e proper depart
liieiiis, amounting to abont twenty
' four iiiiilions, still the available'
surplus at tiie close of the next.
year, alter deducting all unexpen- ;
tied appropriations, will probably I
te not less than six millions. Tlii?'
SJiii can, in my judgment, be now j
uldlly applied to proposed iin-j
proe:neiits in our navy yards, and ;
ttueiv national works, which are'
liot enumerated in the present esti- j
fnutts, ur to the more rapid com-
of those already begun, j
. '! , r ,v,A,!,t i i
. I Wll.lllUll Wlldl dllU
'clul, and would render uuneces-'
rv any aiternpt, in our present!
peculiar condition, to divide the
tirp!u revenue, or to reduce it any !
fsl than will be etTected by the
MMiiig laws. In any event, as!
eaumiid report from the Secre-j
iry of the Treasury will enter!
Jlllu flails, showing the probabil- j
,tv 'l some decrease in the revenue !
?,Jr'g the next seven years, and!
considerable deduction in'
J;l, it is not recommended that!
V"?ress should undertake to;
fciodrty the present tariir, so as to 1
O'slurb the principles on which'
tiouori some of the articles j
general consumption, which are'
H1 competmon with our own
!,rdnions, may be, no doubt,
l) uni,li3i,tjj as to lessen, to
k'J,ae "tent, the source of this
Jjvp!e, and the same object can
"lM assisted liv' more liberal
pviSM.nsfor the "subjects ofpub
dence, which, in the present
ro! our prosperity and wealth,
u.v be expected to engage your
J?l'on. If, however, after sat-
'all the demands which can
tJ0,u sources, the tn-
.'led balance in the Treasury
-mM iiill coins f.
ni, beller lar with the
w U,m lhe ereal changes con-
.rr i1 ,M Ur t3riir ,aWS ,,aVe
; urre , -and shall enable us to
i j le ystem with that care
,rcu,nsiection which are due
to so delicate and important a
subject.
It is certainly our duty to di
minish, as far as we can, the bur
dens of taxation, and to regard all
the restrictions which are imposed
on ihe liade ami navigation of our
citizens, as evils which we shall
miftgatt whenever we are not pre
vented by the adverse legislation
and policy of foreign nations, or
those primary duties which the
defence and independence of our
country enjoin upon us. Thai we
have accomplished much towards
the relief of our citizens bv the
changes accompanying the pay
ment of the public debt and the
adoption of the present Revenue
laws, is manifest from the fact,
that compared with 1 603, there
is diminution of near 2.' millions
irrthe last two years, and that our
expenditures, independently of
those for the public debt, have
been reduced 9 millions during
the same period. Lei us trust,
i hat by the continued observance
of economy, and by harmonizing
ihe great interests of agriculture,
manufactures and commerce,
much more may be accomp
lished to diminish the burdens
ol Government and to increase
slill further the enterprise and
the patriotic affection of all
( Uses of our citizens, and all
the members (.four happy Con
federacy. As the data which the
Secretary will lay before you, in
regard to our financial resources,
are full and extended, and will
afford a sale guide i:i )nr future
calculations, 1 think it unnecessa
ry lo offer any further observa
tions (ui that subject.
Anton' the evidences of the in-
o
creasing prosperity of the coun
try, not the least gratifying is
that afforded by the receipts from
the sales of the public lands,
which amounts in the present
year, lo the onexpecled sum of
M 1,000,000. This circumstance
attests the rapidity with which
agriculture, the tirst and mosl im
portant occupation of man, ad
vances, and contributes to the
wealth and power of otir exleoded
territory. ISeing still of the opin
ion, that it is our best policy as
far as we can, coiis-isleully with
the obligations under which those
lands were ceded to the United,
States, to promote their speedy
settlement, 1 beg leave to call the
attention ot the present Congress
to the suggestions I have offered
respecting it in my former mess
ages. The extraordinary receipts
fiout the sales of the public lands
invite yon to consider what im
provements the land system, and
particularly the condition of the
General Land Office, may require.
At tlij lime this institution was or
ganized, near a quarter of a cen
tury ago, it would probably have
been thought extravagant lo anti
cipate for this period, such an ad
dition to its business as has been
produced by the vast increase of
those sales during the past and
present years. It may also be
observed; that since the year
1812, the land offices and survey
ing districts have been greatly
mo Itiplied, and that numerous
legislative enactments, from year
to year since that time, nave im
posed a great amount of new and
additional duties upon that office,
while the want of a timely appli
cation of force, commensurate
with the care and labor required,
has caused the increasing embar
rasmenl of accumulated arrears in
the different branches of the estab
lishment. These impediments to the ex
pedition of much duty in the Gen
eral Land Office induce me to
submit to your judgment, whether
some modification of the law, re
lating to its organization of a new
character, be not called for at the
present iuncture. to enable the
office to accomplish all the ends of
its institution with a greater de
gree of facility and promptitude
thauexpeiieuce has proved lobe
practicable, under existing regu
lations. The extinction of the Public
Debt having taken place, there
is no longer any use for the offices
of Commissioners of Loans and
of the Sinking Fund. I recom
mend, therefore, that they be aho
lisdied, and that proper measures
be taken for the transfer, to the
Treasury Department, of any
lunds, books, and papers, con
nected with the operations of those
oflfces; and thai the proper power
be given to that Department for
closing, finally, any portion of
their business which may remain
to be settled.
It is also incumbent on Con
gress, in guarding the pecuniary!
interests of the country, to discon-;
tinue, by such a law as was passed
in I SI 2, lhe receipt of the bills of.
of the Bank of lhe United Statesj
in payment of the public revenue;
and to provide for the designation ;
of an agent, w hose duty it shall j
be to take charge of the books
and stock of the United Slates inj
that institution, and lo close all!
connection with it, alter the 3d ofi
March, 1830, when its charter ex
pires. In making provision in
regard to the dispositon of this
stock, it is essential to deliue,
clearly and strictly, lhe duties and
powers of the officer charged with
that branch of lhe public service.
I need only add to what I have,
on lormer occasious, said on this
subject generally, that in the reg
ultious which Congress may pre
scribe respecting the custody ofj
the public moneys, it is doirable
that as little discretion as maybe
deeu ed consistent with their safe
keeping should b given to the
Executive agents. No one can
be nnre deeply impresed than 1
am w ith the soundness of the doc
trine which restrains and limits,
by sptcific provisions, Lxecuthej
discretion, as far as it can be done
consistently with the preservation
of its constitutional character. In
respect lo the control over the
public money, this doctrine is pe
culiarly applicable, and is in har
mony with the great principle
which 1 fell 1 was sustaining in
the controversy with the Bank ofj
the United Stales; which has re
sulted in severing, to some extent,
a dangerous connection between!
a moneyed and political power.
Tl uty of the legislature lo
define, by clear and positive en
actment, the nature and extent of
the action which it belongs to the
Executive to superintend, springs
out of a policy analogous lo that
which enjoins upon all the
branches of the Federal Govern
ment an abstinence from the exer
cise of powers not clearly granted.
In such a Government, possessing
only limited antl specific powers,
the spirit of its general adminis
tration cannot be wise or just,
when it opposes the reference ofl
all doubtful authority to the great
source of authority, the States and
the people; whose number and di
versified relations, securing them
against the influences and excite
ments which may mislead their
agents, make them the safest de
pository of power. In its appli
cation lo the Executive, with ref
erence to the Legislative branch
of the Government, the same rule
of action should make the Presi
dent ever anxious lo avoid the
exercise of any discretionary au
thority, which can be regulated
by Congress. The biases which
may operate upon him, will not
be so likely to extend to the rep
resentatives of the people in that
body.
In my former messages to Con
gress, I have repeatedly urged
the propriety of lessening the dis
cretionary authority lodged in the
various departments; but it had
produced no effect as yet, except j
the discontinuance of extra allow
ances in the Army and Navy, anil
the substitution of fixed salaries in
the latter. It is believed that the
same principles could be advanta
geously applied, in all cases, and
would promote lhe efficiency and
economy of the public service, at
the same time, that greater satis
faction and more equal justice
would be secured lo lhe public of
ficers generally.
The accompanying report of
the Secretary of War, will put
you in possession of the opera
tion of the department confided to
his care, in all its diversified rela
tions, during the past year.
I am gratified in being abl to
inform you, lhat no occurrence
has required any movement of the
military force, except such as is
common to a stale of peace. The
services of ihe army have been
limited to their usual duties at the
various garrisons upon the Allan
tic and inland frontier, with the
exceptions stated by the Secretary
of War. Our small military es
tablishment appears to be ade
quate to the purposes for which it
is maintained, and it forms a nu
cleus around which any additional
force may be collected, should
the public exigencies unfortunate
ly require any increase of our mi
litary means.
The plan of removing the Abo
riginal people who yet remain
within the settled portions of the
United States, to the country
west of ihe Mississippi river, ap
proaches its consummation. It
was adopted on the most mature
consideration of the condition of
this race, and ought to be per
sisted in till the object is accom
plished, and prosecuted with as
much vigor as a just regard to
their circumstances will permit,
and as fast as their consent can be
obtained. All preceding experi
ments for the improvement of the
Indians have failed. It seems now
to be an established fact, that they
cannot live in cont.'.ct niih a
civilized community ai d prosper.
Ages of fruitless endeavors, have
at length brought us to a knowl
edge of this principle of inter
communication with them. The
past we cannot recall, but the fu
ture we can provide for. Inde
pendently of the treaty stipula
tions, into which we have entered
with ihe various tribes, for the
usufructuary rights they have ced
ed to us, no one can doubt the
moral duly of the Government of
the United States to protect, and,
if possible, to preserve and per
petuate the scattered remnants of
this race, which are left within
our borders. In the discharge of
this duty, an extensive region in
the West has been assigned for
their permanent residence. It has
been divided into districts, and
allotted among them. Many have
already removed, and others are
preparing to go; and with the ex
ception of tw o small bands, living
in Ohio and Indiana, not exceed
ing fifteen hundred persons, and
of the Cherokee all the tribes on
the east side of the Mississippi, and
extending from Lake Michigan lo
Florida, have entered into en
gagements which will lead to
their transplantation.
The Report from the Secretary
of the Navy, showing the condi
tion of that branch of the public
service, is recommended to your
special attention. It appears from
it, that our naval force at present
in commission, with all iftts activi
ty which can be given to it, is in
adequate to the protection of our
rapidly increasing commerce.
This consideration, and the more
general one which regards this
arm of the national defence as our
best security against foreign ag
gressions, strongly urge the con
tinuance of the measures which
promote its gradual enlargement,
a iid a speedy increase of lhe forte
which has been heictofore em
ployed abroad and at home. You
w;j perceive from the estimates
which appear in th report of the
Secretary of th Navy, ihat lhe
expenditures uecessajy io this in
crease of its force, though of con
siderable amount, are small com
pared with the benefits which they
will secure to the country.
By the Report of the Postmas
ter General it appears that the re
venue of that department during
the year ending on the 30Ui day
of June last, exceeded its accruing
responsibilities $'230,206; and
that the surplus of the present fis
cal year is estimated at $ 476,227 ' pondeiice between all the members
It further appears that the debt of of the conftiieracy, from beu:g
the department, on the first day ofl used as an instrument of an oppo
July last, including the amount s,te character. The General Go
due lo contractors for the quarter; veminem, to which the great trusi
then just expired, was about i is confided of preserving iuvio
$ I. ,064,3S exceeding the availa- j late the relations cteatcd rnicng
ble means about $23,700; and the Slates, by the constitution, is
that, on the 1st instant, about j especially bound to avoid in its
S597,077 of this debt had becui0'ii aciion any thiug that may
paid; S409,99l out of postages ' disturb ihetn. i v. cub;, d rt fore,
accruing before July, and $ I S7,-
060 out of postages accruing
since. In these payments are in
cluded G7,000 of lhe old debt
due lo banks. After making
these payments, the department
had $73000 in bank on the 1st
instant. The pleasing assurance
is given, that the department is
entirely free from embarrassment,
and that, by collection of out
standing balances, and using the
current surplus, the remaining
portion of the bank debt, and most
of the other debt, vt ill proably be
paid in April next, leaving there
after a heavy amount to be ap
plied in extending the mail facili
ties of the country. Reserving a
considerable sum for the improve
ment of existing mail n ntcs, it is
stated ihat the department will be
able to sustain will: perfect conve- mediate agency. In my annual
nier.ee an annual charge of 300,- j communications since, 1 have en
000 for the support of new routes, j forced the same views, from a
to commence as soon as they can ; sincere conviction that the best
be established and pul in opera- j interests cf the country would
lion. i be promoted by their adoption.
I If ihe subject were an ordinary
Io connection with these provi-;one, I should have regarded the
sious in relation io i!k Post Office' failure of Congress to act upon it
Department, I rnusi also invite j as an indication of their judgment
your attention io the painful Ex- j that the disadvantages whic'o be
ciiement produced in ihe iouth, ! lour; to the present systcoi vere
by attempts to circulate through j not so greai as those w hica would
the mails inflammatory appeals j leseit from an attainable substi
addressed to the passions of the j lute that had been submitted U
Slaves, in prints, and in various their consideration,
sorts of publications, calculated to Recollecting, however, that
stimulate them to insurrection, ! propositions io introduce a new
and to produce all the horrors ofjfeatuie in our fundamental laws,
a servile war. j cannot he too patiently exa.n::ied,
There is doublless no respecta-! and ought noi to he received with
ble portion of our countrymen favor, until the great body oi the
who can be so far misled, as to: people are 'thoroughly in.,.,essed
feel any other sentiment thanjwim neir necessity and value, as
lhat of indignant regret at con-! a remedy for real evils, I feel ihat
duct so destructive of the bar- ia renewing ihe recommend itioa I
mony and peace of ihe country, . have heretofore made on this sub
and so repugnant to the principle j j-t, 1 am i0i uaueendiui; the
of our national compact and ;cj bound of a jusi d--ereuce v the
the dictates of humanity and reli- j sense of Congress, or io die dis
giou. Our happiness anri pros-! position of i: people. However
perity essentially depend uponlnj.ch we .r.oy difiei b ihe choice
peace within our borders; and ; of the treasure which thoidd
peace depends upon the tnainten-S cuide ih? adi d-iistr.'.Ai !" die
auce, in good faith, of those com
promises of the constitution upon
vuiiu uie vjiiiuxi is louuueo.
It is fortunate for the country
lhat the good sense, the generous
feelings, and the deep-rooted at
tachment of the People of the
tion-slaveholding States to the
Union, audio their fellow-citizens
of the same blood in the South,
have given so strong ami impres
sive a tone to the sentimeiUs en
tertained against the proceedings
of lhe misguided persons who
have engaged in these unconstitu
tional and wicked attempts, and
especially against the emissaries
from foreign parts, who have dar
ed to interfere in this matter, as
to authorize the hops that th.-se
attempts will no longer be persist
ed in. But if these expressions of
the public will shall not be suffi
cient to effect so desirable a re
sult, not a doubt can be entertain
ed lhat the non-slavehdding
States, so far from countenancing
lhe slightest interference w ith ihe
constitutional rights of the South,
will be prompt io exercise their
authority in suppressing, so far
as in theui lis, whatever is cal
culated lo produce this evil.
In leaving tire care of olher
branches of this interesting sub
ject to lhe State authorities:, to
whom they properly belong, il is
nevertheless proper for Congress
to taketjuch measures as will pre
veui the Post Office Department,
which was designed to foster an
amicable intercourse and corres-
call the special atteniion v Con-
1 giess to the subject, and respect
fully suggest the propriety of
passing such a law as will prohib
it, under severe penalties, lhe cir
culation in the Southern States
through the mail, of incendiary
publications intended lo instigate
the staves to insurrection.
I felt it to be my duty, in the
first message which I communica
ted to Congress, to urge upon its
attention the propriety of Amend
ing ihat part of the Constitution
which provides for the election of
the President and the Vice Presi
dent of the United States. The
leading object which I had in view
was the adoption of some new
nrovisions which would secuie to
the People lhe performance of
thi j high duty, wiihout any inter-
Government, there car: ha but lit
tle doubt in the iniud of :hi-s
who are really friendly to the re
publican features of our system,
lhat one of its most important se
curities consists in the separation
of the Legislative and Executive
powers, at the same time that each
is- held responsible to lhe great
scarce of authority which is ac
knowledged to be supreme, in the
will of the people constitutionally
expressed. My reflection and ex
perience satisfy me, that ths fra
tners of the Constitution, although
thev were anxious to mark this
feature as a settled and fixed prin
ciple in the structure cf the Gov
ernment, did not adopt all the
precautions ihaijwere necessaiy to
secure its practical observance,
rjtfid that we cannot be said to