Whole No. 92.
Tavbovough
(Edgecombe County, N. C.) Sttlunlnj, Urcemhrr 10 18 H.
VOL XtX No. 00.
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From the Madisonian.
PRESIDENT'S MESGE.
To the. Senile and
. of Representatives of the U S.
If any People ever had cause lo rentier
up thanks to the Supreme Being for pan
tal care and protection extended to hem in
all the trials and difficulties lo which the
have been from time to time exposed, we
certanly are that p -op'e. From the fust
settlement of our forefathers on this conti
nent through the dangers attendant upon
the occupation of a savage wildt mess
through a long period of t olonial depen
dence through the war of the Revolution
in the wisdom which led to the adoptioi.
of the existing Republican forms of tlov
etnment in the hazards incident to a war
subsequently waged with one of the most
powerful nations of the earth in the
spread of the arts and sciences, and
in the strength and durability conferred on
political institutions emanating from the
People, and sustained by their will the
superintendence of an overruling Provi
dence has been plainly isible. As
preparatory, therefore, to entering once
more upon the high duties of legislation, it
becomes us humbly to acknowledge our de
pendence upon Him as our guide and pro
lector, and to implore a continuance of His
parental watchfulness over onr beloved !
country. We have new cause for the ex
pression of our gratitude in the preserva
tion of the health of our fellowcitizens, with 1
some partial and local exceptions, during 1
the past seoson for the abundance with
which the earth has yielded up its fruits to
the labors of the husbandman for the re-
ncwed activity which has been impai ted to ,
commerce lor the revival ot trade in j ment.
all its departments for the increa- Two other subjects of comparatively
sed rewards attendant on the exer- minor importance, but never'heless of too
cise of the meehanic arts for the con j much consequence to be neglected, remain
tinued growth of our population and i still to be adjusted bet ween the two coun
the rapidly reviving prosperity of thejtries. By the Treaty between the United
whole country. I shall be permitted to ex States and Great Britain, of July, is 15, it
change congratulations with you, gentle
men of the two Houses of Congress, on
these auspicious circumstances, and to as-! ported from the other, than on the
sure you, in advance, of my ready disposi-1 same ar'icles imported from any other
tion to concur with you in the adoption of! place. In 1S36, rough rice, by act of Par
all such measures as shall be calculated toiliamenl, was admitted from the coast of
increase the happiness of our constituents Africa into Great Britain on the payment
and to advance the glory of our common
country.
Since the last adj turument of Congress,
ihe Executive has relaxed no effort to ren
der indestructible the relations of amitv
which so happily exist between the United
States and other countiies. The treaty
lately concluded with Great Brit un h is ten
ded greatly to increase the good understan
ding which a reciprocity of inter- st is cal
eulate'd to encourage, and it is most ardent
ly to be hoped that nothing may transpire
to interrupt the relations of amity which it
is so obviously the policy of both nations to
cultivate.
A question of much importance still re
mains to be ailjus'ed between them. The
territorial limits of the two countries in re
lation to what is commonly known as the
Oregon territory, still remains in dispute.
The United Sutes would be at all times in
disposed to aggrandize themselves at the
expense of any other nation; but while
they would be restrained by prinri
pies of honor, which should govern the
conduct of nations as weil as that ol
individuals, from setting up a demand for
territory which does not welong to them,
they would as unwillingly consent to a sur
render of their rights. After the most rigid,
and as far as practicable, unbiassed examin
ation of the subject, the United States have
always contended that thoir rights apper
tain to the entire region of country lying
on the Pacific and embraced within the
42d and 54ti, 40' of North latitude. This
Claim being controverted by Great Britain,
those who have preceded the present Exe
utive actuated, no doubt, by an earnest de-
site lo adjust the matter upon terms mutti-
ally s.tslaclory to both countries have
-a,.se.l to be submitted to the British Gov-
ernment, proportions for settlement and
final adjustment, whih, however, have
not proved h-retofore acceptable to it
Our Minister at London has nn ler iniruc-
lions a"'1 brought the subject to the con-j
sidernion of th tt Government: and while
nothing will be done to ompromit the
rights, or honor of the United States, eve-
ry proper expedient will be resorted to in
u,urr ,u "ri ir ir.e negotiation now in the
progress of resumption, to a speedy and
happy termination. In the m-antime it. is
nrfmpr tn r,.i, , u, c
,),OJ)er, ' r?'mrk- lhat many of our citizens
oto Pitnai .iLft.t.l.. Ul. .1... u
"' c'".v r.MioiiMieu in iue leniio-;
iy,ur.ireon in or way thither lor the pur-
poe o! forming perm ment settlements.
while others are preparing to follow and
in viw of these facts I must repeat the
recotn mmW ttion containel in prev ious mes
sages, for the establishment of military
posts, at such p'accs, on the line of travel,
as will furnish security & protection to our j well known and appreciated. On this sub
hardy ad venturers against hostile tribes ofiject I invite the attention of Congress to
Indi ins inhabiting those extensive regions j the report of the Secretary of State, from
Oir hws should also follow th-'tn, s modi-! which it will be seen thai while our cotton
fied as tlv circumstances of the ease may
seem to require. Under the infl lenceofour
Iree system of government, new republics ;
ate destined to sorinirno. at no distant dav
on the shores of the Pacific, similar in poji
cv and in feeling to those existing on this
side of the Roky Mountains, and giving
wider and mere extensive spreid to the
principles of civil and religious liberty.
I am hippy to inform you that the cases
which have arisen, from ti t e to time of the
detention of American vessels by British
cruisers on the coast of Africa, tinder pre
tence of being engaged in the slave trade,
hive been placed in a fair train of adjust
ment. In the case of the William & Fran
cis, full satisfaction will be allowed In the
cases of the Tygris& S -amew, the British
Government admits that siiisfaction is tint.
In the case of the Jones, the sum accruing
from the sale of that vessel &.cugo will be
paid to the owners I cannot but flatter my
self that full indemnification will be allowed
for all d images sustained by the detention
of the vessel and in the case of the Doug
lass, her Majesty's Government has expres
sed its determination to make indemnifica
lion. Strong hopes are therefore enter
tained, that most, if not all of these cases
will be speedily adjusted. No new cases
have arisen since the ratification of the
Treaty of Washington; &, it is confidently
anticipated, that the slave trade, under the
operation of the eighth article of that treaty,
wil be altogether suppressed.
The occasional interruption experienced
by our fellow citizens engaged in t he fishe-
ries on the neighboring coast of Nova Sco
ia. has not failed to claim the attention of
the Executive R Mrcenta'ions upon this
suhic t have been made, but as vet no d li
nitive answer to those representations h is
beeuk received from the British Govern
is provided that no higher duties shall be
levied in either country on articles im
of a duty of one penny a quarter, while the
same article from all other countiies, in
cluding the United States, was subjected
to the payment of a duty of twenty shil
lings a quarter. Our Minister al London
his from lime lo time brought this subject
to the consideration of the British Govern
ment. but so far without success. He is
instructed to renew his representations up
on it.
Some years since a claim was preferred
against the British Government on the part
of certain American merchants, for the re
ttirn of export duties paid by them on ship
ments of woo'len goods to the United
States, after the duty on similar articles ex
ported toother countries had been repeal
ed, & consequently in contravention of the
commercial convention between the two
nations securing to us equality in such ca
ses. The principle on which the dawn
rests has long since been virtually ad
mitted by Great Britain, but obstacles to a
.settlement have from time to time been in
terposed, so that a large portion of the
amount claimed has not yet been refunded.
Our Minister is now engaged in Ihe prose
cution of the claim, and I cannot but per
suade myself that the British Government
will no longer delay its adjustment.
1 am happy to be able to say that noth
ing has occurred to disturb in any degree
the relations of amity which exists between
the United Slates and France, Austria and
Russia, as well as with the other Powers
of Europe, since the adjournment of Con
gress. Spain has been agitated with inter
nal convulsions for many years, from the
effects of which it is to be hoped she is des-
lined speedily to recover when, under a
more liberal system of commercial policv
on her part, our trade with her may again
till its old and so far as her continental pos
sessians are concerned, its almost forsaken
channels thereby adding to the mutual
prosperity of the two countries,
Ti.e Germanic Association of Customs
and Commerce, which, since its establish
mem in 1833, has been steadily growing
in power and importance, and consis's a
this time of mors thin twentv fiprmn
Mates and embraces a population of 27.
000.000 of people united for all the pur
pos-s of commercial intercourse with each
.u i m r . ,
other and with fore.gn states, offers to tb
I .... . i , it
ianer ine most valuable exchanges on
j principles more liberal than are offered in
! the fiscal system of any other European
power. From its origin, the important
i of ibe German Union has never been lost
'sight of by the United States. I he indus
try, morality and other valuable qualitie-
of the (Jerman nation, have always beet.
is admitted free of duty, and the duty on
rice has been much reduced, which has al
ready led to a greatly increased consump
tion, a strong disposition has been recently
evinced by th it great body to reduce, upo-.
certain conditions, their present duty upoi.
tobacco. This being the first intimation ol
a concession on this interesting subject ev
er made by any European power, 1 canno'
but reganl it as well calculated to remov
the only impediment which has so far exis
ted to the most liberal commercial inter
course between us and them. In this view,
our Minister at Berlin, who has heretofore
industriously pursued the subject, has been
instructed to enter upon the negotiation of
a commercial treaty, which, while it will
open new advantages to the agricultural
interests of the United Slates, and a more
free and expanded field for commercial op
eralions, will affect injuriously no existing
interests of the Union. Should the nego
tiation be crowned with success, its results
will be communicated lo both Houses of
Congress.
1 communicate herewith certain des
patches received from our Minister at
Mexico, and also a correspondence which
has recently occurred between the Envoy
from that Republic and the Secretary of
State. It must be regarded as not a little
extraordinary that the Government of
Mexico, in anticipation of a public discus
sion, which it has been pleased to infer
from newspaper publications, as likely to
take place in Congress, relating to the an
nexation of Texas to the United States,
hoolrl h;ive so lr anticiniteil the result nl
such di-cussion as to have announced its de -
termination to visit any such anticipated de
cision oy a tormai declaration oi war against
i the United States. If. designed to prevent
t.'ongr ess from introducing that question,
as a fu subject for its calm deliberation and
final judgment, the Executive has no rca
son to doubt that it will entirely fail of its
obj-'ct. The Representatives of a brave
and patriotic people will suffer no appre
hension uf future consequences to embar
rass them in the course of their proposed
deliberations. Nor will the Executive
Department of the Government fail, for
any such cause, to discharge its whole duty
to the country.
The war which has existed for so long a
time between Mexico and Texas has, since
the battle of San Jacinto, consisted for the
most part of predatory incursions, which,
while they have been attended with much
of suffering to individuals, and have keptmit that Government to control its policy.
the borders ol the two countiies in a state
of constant alarm, have failed to approach
to any definite result. Mexico has fitted
out no formidable armament by laud or by
sea for the subjugation of Texas. Eight independent of Mexico. I he high obliga
years have now elapsed since Texas decla-; lions of public duty may enforce from the
red her independence of Mexico. & durimr i constituted authority s of the Unitid States
that lime she has been recognised as a sov
ereign power by several of the principal
civilized states. .Mexico, nevertheless,
perseveres in her plans of reconquest, and
refuses to recognise her independence.
The predatory incursions to which 1 have
alluded, have been attended, in one in
stance, with the breaking up of the courts
of justice by the seizing upon the persons
of the judges, jury and officers of the court,
and dragging them along with unarmed,
anil therelore non-combatant citizens, into
a cruel and oppressive bondage, thus leav
ing crime to go unpunished and immorali
ty to pass unreproved. A border warfare
is evermore to be, deprecated, and over
such a vvar as has existed for so many
years between these two Slates, humanity
has had great cause to lament. Nor is
such a condition of things to be deplored
only because of the individual suffering at
tendant upon it. The effects are far more
extensive. The Creator of the Univers
has given man the Earth for his resting
place, and its fruits for his subsistence
Whatever, iherefore, shall make the first
or any part of it a scene of desolation, af
fects injuriously his heritage, and may - be
regarded as a general calamity. Wars
may sometimes be nec s'ary; but all na
tions have a common imetest in bringing
hem speedily t a close. Tne United
Slates h ive an immediate interest in seeing
an end put to the state of hostilities xi
ting between Mexico and Texas. Thry
are our neighbors, of the same continent,
with whom we ate not only desirous of
cultivating the relations of amity, but ol
the most extended commercial intercourse,
and to practise all the rights of a neighb r
hood hospii.ilit v. Onr own interests are
deeply involve I in th matter, since, how
ever neutral may he our coins f policy,
we cannot hope to escape the effects of a
spiiit of jealousy on the part of the powers.
Nor can this Government be indiffrent lo
the fact that a warfare, such as is waged
letween those two nations, is calculated to
weaken both powers, ami finally to render
hem, and especially the we.ker of the
i wo, the subjects of interference on the
part ol stronger and mote powerful nations,
who, intent only on advancing their own
peculiar views, may sooner or later attempt
to bring about a compliance with terms, as
the condition of their interposition, alike
derogatory to the nation -.granting them and
letrimental 10 the interests of the Unite.l
Slates. We could not be expected quietly
to permit any such interference to our dis
advantage. Considering that lexas is
sepirated from the U nited States by a mere
geographical line, that her territory, in the
opinion of many, formed a portion of -the
territory of the United States, that it is
Homogeneous in its population and pursuits
with the adjoining "states, makes contribu
tions to the commerce of the world in the
ame articles with them, and that most of
her inhabitants have been citizens of the
United States, speak the s me language and
live under similar political institutions
with oursehes. this Government is bound
by every consideration of interest as well
as of sympathy, to see that she shall be left
free to act, especially in regard to her do
mestic nffiirs tinawed by force, and unres
trained by the policy or views of other
countries. In full view of all these con
siderations, the Executive has not hesitated
to express to the Government of Mexico
how deeply it deprecated a continuance of
the war, and how anxiously it desired to
witness its termination. I cannot but
think that it becomes the United States, as
the oldest of the American Republics, to
hold a language to Mexico upon this sub
ject of an unambiguous character. It is
time that this war had ceased. There
must be a limit to all wars; and if the pa
rent State, after an eight years struggle,
has failed to reduce to submission a portion
of its subjects standing out in revolt against
it, and who have not only proclaimed Ihem-
selves to hp independent, but have been re
! cognised as such by other Powers, she
j ought not to expect that other nations will
quietly look on, to ineir ouviuus injury,
! upon a protraction of hostilities These
United States threw ofl" their colonial de-
' pendence, and established independent
Governments; and Great Bi iliau, alter hav
ing wasted her energies in the attempt to
subdue theiii for a less period than Mexico
has attempted to subjugate Texas, had the
wisdom and justice to acknowledge their
independence, thereby recognising the ob
ligation which rested on her as one of the
family of nations. An example thus set
by one of the proudetas well as most pow
erful nations of the earth, it could in no
way disparage Mexico to imitate While,
therefore, the Excutive would deplore
any colliMon w ith Mexico, or any dismr
bance of the friendly relations which exist
j between ihe two countries, it cannot per-
whatever it may be, towards lexas; but
will Heather ashy the recognition of her
independence the United Stales have long
since declared they would do, as entirely
a policy which the course perseveied in by
Mexico will have mainly contributed lo
produce; and the Executive, in such a con
tingency, will with confidence throw itself
upon the patriotism of the People to sus
tain the Government in its course of ac
tion. Measures of an unusual character have
recently been adopted by the Mexican
Government calculated in no small degree
to affect the trade of other nations with
Mexico, and to operate injuriously lo the
United States AH foreigners by a decree
of the 23d day of September, and after six
months from the day of its promulgation,
are forbidden to cairy on the business of
selling by retail an goods within the con
lines of Mexico. Against this decre
our Minister has not failed to remonsiate
The hade heietofore carried on by nui
itizeus with Sanle Fe, in which much cap
ual was already invested, ad which was be
coming ofdaily increasing importance, has
suddenly been arrested by a decree of vir
lual prohibition on the part of the Mexicai
Government. Whatever may be the rigli
of Mexico to prohibit qny particular cours
of trade, to the citizens or iiibjects of for
leign powers, this late procedure, to say the
least of it, wens a harsh and unfriendly
peel
The instilments on Ihe claims recently
st i -d by the Convention with Mexico have
b-en punc utlly paid as they have fallen
due. an I nor Minister is engaged in tug
i.igthe establishment of a new commission
in pti-siiance of the Convention for the set
th'Oient of nnad jns'ed claims.
W'nh iheoth r American State our re
lations of amtt v ami go id will have re
mained uninterrupted Our Minister near
lh Republic of NVvv tr-nada, has suc
ceeded in effecting an adjustment of he
claim upon tht Government for the
schooner "By Ohnno," whih had been
pending lor many yeais. The claim for
the brig Morris," which had is nr g'n du
ring the existence of the Republic of Col
umbia, and indemnification for which, since
the dissolution of that Rt pubi c, h s devol
ved on its sewnl memiics. will be urged
with renewed zeal.
I have much pleasure in saying ibat the
Government of Br zil has adjuster,1 the claim
upon that Government in the case of tjie
schooner .lohn S. Bryan," and that san
guine hopes aie entertained that the same
spirit of justice will influence its' .councils
in arriving at an earlv decision upon the re
maining Maun; thereby removing all
cans ol dissension between I wo -Power,
whose interests are to some extent intcrwd
ven with en-h othr. ' :-'
Our Minister at Chili has s icceedecl in
inducing a r-cognition by that Govern
eroment, of the adjustment, ctT-rted by bis
predecessor of th fis claims in the cae
of the 'Macedonian." The first instal
ment has been received- by ihe claimants
iu the United States.
Notire of the exchange of ratifications of
the 'reaty with Pent, which will take place
at Lima, has not yet reached this country,
but is shortly expected to be received,
when the claims upon thai Republic will
doutlessbe liquidated and paid. -
In consequence of a misunderstanding
between this Government ami that of Bue
nos Ayres, occurring several years ago,
this Government has remained unrepreseri
ted at that court, while a minister fom it
has been constantly resident here. The
causes of irritation have in a great measure
passed away, and it is in contemp'sdi u .-u
view of important interests which have
grown up in that country, at some eaily
period during the present sessions of Con
gress, with the conctinrence of the Senate,
to restore diplomatic relations between the
two countries.
Under the provisions of an act of Con
gress of ihe last session, a Minister was
despatched from the United States to Chi
na, in August of ihe present y''", who,
from the latest accounts we have from him,
was at Suez, in Eg pi, on the 25th of Sep
tember last, on his route lo China.
In regard to the Indian uibes residing
within our jurisdictional limits', the great
est vigilance of the Government has been
exerted to preserve them al peace among
themselves, and to inspire them with"7 feel
ings of confidence in the justice of this
Government, and to cultivate friendship
with the border inhabitants. This has
happily succeeded loa great extent; but it
is a subject of regret that ihey suffer Ihem-
' selves in ome instances to be imposed up
on by artlui and designing men anu mis
notwithstanding all the efforts of ihtGovern
ment to prevent it.
The receipts into the Treasury for the
calendar year 1S43, exclusive of loans, wtre
j little more than eighteen millions of dol
lars; and the expenditures, exclusive of
payments on the public debt, will have
been about twenty-three millions of, dol;
lars. By the Act of 1S42. a new arrange
ment of the fiscal ear, will show that .the
loans and Treasury not-s made and issued
before the close of ihe last Congress, to
meet ihe anticipated deficiency, have not
been entirely adequate. Although on. the
1st of October last, there w;s a balance
in ihe Treasury in ronsqnence of the. pro
vision thus made of 3,914,0S2 77, yet Ihe
appropriations aheady made hv Congresf
will absorb that balance, and leave a proba
ble deficiency of two millioi.s of dollars at
the close of the present fiscal ear. There
are outstanding Treasury noles to about the
amount of four millions six hundred Ihou
sand dollars: and should they be returned
upon the Treasury duiing ihe fiscal year,
they will require provision for their re
demption. I do not however regard this
as probable, since they hve obviously en
tered inlo the currency f Ihe country, and
will continue to foim a portion of it, if tht
sys'em now adopted be continued. The
loan of 1841, amounting to 5 672.976 8,
falls due on lb 1st of January. 1S45, and
must be provided for or postponed by
new loan And unbss ihe r sources of
revenue should be materially increased by
vou, there' will he a probable deficiency for
e service of the fiscal tear ending Julio
iOth. 1S45, of upwaids of four millions of
dollars.
(Remainder in our next.) -(JJHear
instruction, and be wise.