SJ1 ITABEIEdDIECID9 MEDEm, '
11 holcAo 980' Tarhovough, Eilgccombc County, .V. C. Saturtlay, December 11, 1 8 14.
lol. XX. .Vo.
j
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From the Globe.
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.
To the Senate and House of
ftejyrest ntulives of the U. States:
We have continoed cause for expressing
onr gratitude to the Supreme Hnler of the
Universe for the benefits and blessings
which our country, under his kind Provi
dence, ha enjoyed during the past year,
ftotwithslan.ling the exciting scenes
threugh which we have parsed, nothing
has occurred to disturb the general peace, or
to derange the harmony of oar political sys
tern. The great moral spectacle has been
exhibited of a nation., approximating in
number to 20,000.000 of people, having
performed the high and important function
of electing their Chief Magistrate for the
term of four years, without the commis
sion of any ads of violence, or the manifes
tation of a spirit of insubordination to the
laws. The great and inestimable right of
suffrage, has been exercised by all who
were invested with it, under the laws of
the different Slates, in a spirit dictated
alone by a desire, in the selection of the
agent, to advance the interests of the coun
try, and to place beyond jeopardy the in
stitutions under which it is our happiness
to live. That the deepest interest has
been manifested by all our countrymen in
the result of the election, is not less true,
than highly creditable to them. Vast mul
titudes have assembled, from time to time,
at rarious places, for the purpose of can
vassing the merits and pretensions of those
who were presented for their suffrages; but
no armed soldiery has been necessary to
restrain, within proper limits, the popular
zeal, or to prevent violent outbreaks. A
principle much more controlling was found
in the love of order and obedience to the
laws, which, with mere individual excep-
tions, every where possesses the American '
mind, and controls with an influence far:
more powerful than hosts of armed men. i
Wecannot dwell upon thi picture without j
recognising in it that deepand devoted at-:
tachment on the part of the People, to the(
institutions under which we live, which pro- J
claims their perpetuity. The great objection !
which has always prevailed against the,1
election, by the People, of their Chief Exe- i
cutive olticerjias ben the apprehension of
tumults and disorders, which might in
volve in ruin the eniire Government. A
fecurity against this, is found not only in
ineiact belore alluded to, but in the addi-1
tional fact that, we live under a confedera-1
cy embracing already twenty-six States; noj
one of which has power to control the elec-'
tion. The popular vote in each Slate is
taken at the time appointed by the laws,
and such vote is announced by the Electoral
College, without reference to the decision
the other States The right of suffrage,
ad the mode of conducting the election, is
related by the laws of each State; and the
election is distinctly fedeiative in all its
prominent features. Thus it is that, un
like what might be the results under a con
solidated system, riotous proceedings,
should they prevail, could only effect the
elections in single States, without disturb
,ng. to any dangerous extent, the tranquili
ty of others. The great experiment of a
political confederacy each member of
whch is supreme as to all matters apper
taining to its local inleiests, and its inter
nal peace and happiness, - while by a vol
untary compact with o'hers, it confides to
.e un,,ed pawtr of all, the protection of its
citizens, in matters not domestic -has been
so far crowned with complele success.
ne world has witnessed its rapid growth
lr wealth and population; and, under the
RutJe and direction of a superintending
rovJdencei the developments of the past
foYk eegardefl 1)Ut as the shadowing
win of the mighty future. In the bright
P jpectaofihat future, we shall find, as
Pa nots and philanthropists, the highest
'cements to cultivate and cherish a love
u' Union Sr r . .
f-ffix.. . - irovvn down everymeasure or
s'ates,
thp
or the Pprtr.la r.u
t . " VVK"' me oiuits, in sen-
fluid T, ft' f,om eacn otntr- A
OUrnnl-5 . eadherenpe to lhe ler,ns Of
cred nh !t,Ca,comPact5 and, above all, a sa
observance of the guarantiee of the
U V:" pPeServe ""ion on a
foundation which cannot be shaken; while
personal .berty .s placed beyond Ward
or jeopardy. The euzram r i::.
freedom of the press? 0f the liberty of
speech, of the , rial by jury, of the "habeas
corpus and of the domestic institutions of
eacn oi the ales-Leaving the private cit
izen m the full exercise of th? high and
ennobling attributes of his nature, and to
each Stale the privilege which, can only be
judiciously exerted bv itself, of compiling
the means bet calculated to advance it
own hippines; thee are the great and im
portant guarantees of the Constitution,
which the lovers of liberty must cherish
and the advocates of union must ever culti
vate. Preserving the-e, and avoiding all
interpolations by forced construction, under
the guise of an imagined expediency, upon
the Constitution, the influence of our politi
cal sy.-icm is destined to be as actively and
as beneficially felt on the distant shores of
the Pacific as it is now on thoe of the At
lantic Ocean. The only formidable imped
iments in the way of its successful expin
sion (time and space) are so far in lhe prog
ress of modification, by the improvement?
of the age, as to render no longer specula !
ti-e the ability of Representatives from
i ha remote region to come up to the Capi
tol, so that their constituents shall partici
pate in all the benefits of Federil legisla
tion. Thus it is, that in the progress of
lime, the inestimable principles of liberty
will be enjoyed by millions yet unborn,
and the great benefits of our system of
(Jovernmer.t be extended to now distant
and uninhabited regions. In view of the
vast wilderness yet to be reclaimed, we
miy well invitothe lover of freedom, of
every hnd, to take up his abode among us.
and "jt us in the great work of advan
cing thVkstandard of civilization, and giving
i wider spread to the arts and refinements
of cultivated life. Our prayers should
evermore be offered up to the Father of
the Universe for his wisdom to direct us in
the path of our duty, so as lo enable us to
consummate these high purposes.
One of the strongest objections which has
been urged against confederacies, by wri
ters on government, is, the liability'of the
members to be tampered with by foreign
States, cither in their local affairs, or in
such as affected the peace of others, or en
dangered the safety of the whole Confeder
acy. We cannot hope to be entirely ex
empt from such attempts on our peace and
safety. The United States arc becoming
too important in population and resources
not to attract the observation of other na
tions. It, therefore, may, in lhe progress
of time, occur that opinions entirely ab
stract in the States in which they may pre
vail, and in no degree affecting their do
mestic institutions, may be artfully, but se
cretly, encouraged with a view to under
mine the Union. Such opinions may be
come the foundation of political parties,
until at last, the conflict of opinion, produ
cing an alienation of friendly feeling
among the People of the different States,
may involve in one general destruction the
happy institutions under which wc live
It should ever be borne in mind, that
what is true in regard to individuals, is
equally so in regard to States. An inter
ference of one in the affairs of another is the
fruitful source of family dissensions and
neighbothood disputes; and the same cause
affects the peace, happiness and prosperity
of States. It may be most devoutly hoped
that the good sense of the American Peo
ple will ever be ready to repel all such at
tempts, should they ever he made.
There has been no material change in
our foreign relations since my last Annual
Message to Congress. W ith all the Pow
ers of Europe we continue on lhe most
friendly terms. Indeed, it affords me
much satisfaction to state, that at noV for
mer period has the peace of that enlighten
ed and important quarter of the globe ever
been, apparently, more firmly established.
The conviction that peace is the true policy
of nations, would seem to be growing and
becoming deeper amongst the enlightened
every where; and there is no people who
have a stronger interest in cherishing the
sentiments, and adopting the means of pre
serving and giving it permanence, than
those' of the United States. Amongst
these, the first and most tfledive are, no
doubt, the strict observance of justice, and
the honest and punctual fulfilment of all en
gagements. But it is not to be forgotten
that, in the present state of the world, it is
no less necessary to be ready to enforce
their observance and fulfilment, in refer
ence to ourselves, than to observe and ful
fil them, on our part, in regard to others.
Since the close of your last session, a
negotiation has been formally entered upon
between the Secretary of State and Her
Hritannic Majesty's Minister Plenipotenti
ary and Envoy Extraordinary residing at
Washington, relative to the t ights of their
respective nations in and over Oregon ter
ritory. That negotiation is still pending.
Should it, during your session, be brought
to a definitive conclusion, the result will be
promptly communicated lo Congress. I
would, however, again call your attention
to the recommendations contained in previ-
ous messages, designed to protect and facil-
itate emigration to lhat territory The -establishment
of military posts at suitable
points upon the extended fineof'Iand trav
el, would enable our citizens lo migrate in
comparative safety to the fertile regions be
low the falls of the Columbia, and make
the provision of the existing convention for
the joint occupation of the Territory by
subjects of Great Britain, and the citizens
of the U. States, more available than here
tofore to the latter. These posts would
continue places of rest for the weary emi
grant, where he would be sheltered securely
against the danger of attack from the In
dians, and be enabled to recover from the
exhaustion of a long line of travel. Legisla
live enactments should also be made Which
should spread over him the aegis of our
laws, so 3$ to afford protection to his person
and property when he shall have leached
his distant home. . In this latter respect,
the British Government has been much
more careful of tiro interests of such of her
people as are to be found in that countrj',
than the United States. She ha made no
cesary provision for their security and pro
tectiou against the acts of the viciously dis
posed and lawless; and her emigrant repo
ses in safety under the panoply other laws.
Whatever may be the result of the pend
ing negotiation, such measures are necessa
ry. It will afford me the greatest pleasure
to witness a happy and favorable termina
tion to the existing negotiation, upon
terms compatible with the public honoi ;
and the best efforts of the Government will
roniinue to be directed to this end. '
It would have given me the highest gra
tification, in this, my last annual communi
cation to Congress, to have been able toan
nouce to you the complete and entire set
tlement and adjustment of other matters in
difference between the United States and
the Government of Her Britannic Majesty,
which were adverted to in a previous mes
snge. It is obviously the interest of bo'h
countries, in respect to the large and valua
ble commerce which exists between them,
lhat all causes of complaint, however in
considerable, should be, with the great
est prompitude, removed that it must be
regarded as cause of regret, that any unne
cessary delays should be permitted lo inter
vene. It is true that, in a pecuniary
point of view, the matters alluded it), are,
altogether, insignificant in amount, when
compared with the ample resources of that
great nation; hut they, nevertheless, more
particularly that limited class which arise
under seizurees and detentions of Ameri
can ships on the coa3t of Africa, upon the
mistaken supposition indulged in at the
lime the wrong was committed, of their be
ing engaged in the slave-trade, deeply
affect the sensibilty of this Government and
People. Great Britain having recognised
her responsibility to repair all such wrongs,
by her action in other cases, leaves noth
ing to.be regretted upon this subject, as to
all cases prior lo the Treaty of Washington
than the delay in making suitable repara
tion in such of them as fall plainly within
the principle of others, which she has long
since adjusted. The injury inflicted by
delays in the settlement of these claims,
fall with severity upon the individual clai
mants, and makes a strong anneal lo her
magnanimity and sense of justice for a spee
dy settlement. Other matters, arising out
of the construction of existing Ircaties, also
remain unadiusted, and will coutinue to be
j - m
urged upon her attention.
The labors of the joint committee ap
pointed by the two Governments to run
the dividing line, established by the Trea
ty of Washington, were, unfortunately,
much delayed in the commencement of the
season, by the failure of Congress, at the
hst session, to make a timely appropriation
of funds to meet the expenses of the Amer
ican party, and by other causes. The U
nited States Commissioner, however, ex
presses has expectation that, by in
creased diligence and energy, the party
will be able to make Up for lost time.
We continue to receive assurances of
the most friendly feelings on the part of
all the other European powers with each
and all of whom it is so obviously our in
terest to cultivate the most amicable rela
tions. Nor can I anticipate the occurrence
of any event which would be likely, in any
decree, to disturb those relations. Kussia,
the great northern power, under the judi-jtive
cious sway of her Emperor, is constantly
advancing in the road of science and im
provement; while France, guided by the
councils of her wise sovereign, pursues a
course calculated to consolidate the gener
al peace. Spain has obtained a breathing
spell of some duration from the internal
convulsions which have, through so many
vears. marred hei prosperity; while Aus
iria, the Netherlands, Prussia, Belgium,
and the other powers of Europe, reap a
rich harvest of blessings from the prevail-j
ing peace.
1 informed the two houses of Congress
in my message of December last, that in-
structions had been eiven to Mr. V hea-
ton, our Minister al Berlin, to negotiate a
treaty wilh the Germanic Stales composing
the Zoll Verein, if it could be done stip
ulating, as far as it was practicable to ac
cnmplish if, for a reduction of the heavy
and onerotrs duties levied on our tobacco,
and other leading aTtrcres of agricultural
production; and yielding, in return, on
our part, a leduction of duties on such arti
cles the production of their industry, as
should not come into competition, or but
a limited one, with articles the product of
our. manufacturing indirstry. The Execu
live, in giving such instruction, consider
ed itself as acting in strict conformity with
the wishes of Congress, as mar'.e known
through several measure which it had
adopted all directed to to the accomplish
ment of this important result. 'l?ie treaty.
wa, therefore, negotiated; bv which es
sential reductions were secured in the du
ties levied by the Soil Verein-, on tobacco,
nee and lard, accompanied by a s ipulatiou
for the adini'.-ion of raw cotton, free of du
ty. In exchange for which highly impor ,
tant concessions, a reduction of duties, im
posed by the laws of the United States on
a variety of articles, mot of which were
admitted free of all duty trader the a-ct of
t digress commonly Known as lhe Com
promise law, and but few of which were
produced in the United States, was stipula
ted for on our part. Thi" treaty was com
mnnicared lo the Senate at an early day of
its last session, hut not aced upon until
near its close; when, for the want, as I am
bound toivresume, ot full Iqnre to consider
it, it was laid upon lhe 'table. This pro
cedure had the effect of virtually rejecting
it, in consequence of of a stipulation con
tained in the treat)' that its ratifications
should be exchanged on or before a da
which has already passed. The Execu
tive, acting upon the fair inference lhat
the enate did not intend its absolute re
jection, gae instructions to our Minister
at Berlin to rc-upen the negotiation, so fat
as to obtain an extension of time for the
exchange of ratification. I regret, howev
er, to saT that his efforts in this resnrc
have been successful. I am nevertheless
not without hope lhat the great advantages
which were intended to be j-ecuied by the
treaty, may yet be realized.
I am happy to inform you that Belgium
has, by an "arrete royale," issued in July
last, assimilated the flag of the United
States to her own, so far as the direct
trade between the two countries is con
cerned. This measure will prove of great
service to our shipping interest; the trade
having heretofore been carried on in for
eign bottoms. I fljtler myself that she
will speedily resort to a modification or
her system relating to the tobacco trade,
which would decidedly benefit the agricul
ture of the United States, and opeiate to
the mutual advantage of both countries.
No definite intelligence has yet been re
reived from our Minister, of the Conclu
sion of a treaty with the Chinese Empire:
but enough is known to induce the strong
est hopes that the mission will be crowned
wilh success.
With Brazil our relations continue on
the most friendly footing The commer
cial intercourse between that growing Em
pire and the United Stales, is becoming
daily of greater importance to both; ami it
is the inlerot of both that the firmest tela
tions of amity and good will should conti
nue to be cultivated between them.
I he Republic of New Grenada still with
holds, notwithstanding the most pt r.-eve
ring efforts h;Ve been emphyed by our
Charge d Affaires, Mr. Blackford, to pro
duce a different result, indemnity in the
case of the brig Morris' And he Con
gress of Venezuela, although . an arrange
ment has been t fleeted between our Minis
ter and the Minister of Foieigu Affairs of
lhat Government, for the payment of
Si 8,000. in discharge of its liabilities in the
Same case has altogether neglected to mike
provision for its payment. It is to be ho
ped lhat a sense of justice will soon induce
a settlement of these claims
Our fate Minis'er to Chili. Mr. Pendle
ton, has returned to the United Stale,
without having -fleeted an adjustment in
the second claim of the Macedonian,
which is delayed on grounds altogether
frivolous and untenable. Mr Ptndleton's
successor has been directed to uige the
claim in the strongest terms; and, in the
event of a failtne to obtain a permanent ad
lustment, to report the lact to lite fc,xecu
at an early a day as possible, so that
the whole matter may be communicated to
Congress.
At your last session, 1 submitted to the
attention of Congas, the Convention
with lhe Republic of Peru, of lhe 17th of
March, K4l, providing for the adjust ment
of the claims of citizens of lhe United
States against that Republic; but no defini
tive action was taken upon the subiect. I
again invite to it your attention and
fpiompt action.
In my last Annual Message, I Ml it to
be my duly to make known to Congies.
in terms both plain and emphatic, m
'opinion in regard to lhe war which has so
long existejl between Mexico and Texas;
which, since the battle of San Jacinto, has
consisted altogether of predatory incur
sions, attended by circumstances revolting
to 'humanity 1 repeat now, what I then
said, that after eight rears of feehle and in
effectual efforts to recover Texas, it was
lime that the war should have ceased,
Trre United State had a tlirecl intr lest !
lhe question. The contiguity of tl.e tv ;
nations to our let ritory was but too m .
calculated to involve our peace Unjur.
'sjicions were engemhrred in lhe. mind
f one or the other of the bellig rents
against us; and, as a necessary conse
quence, American interests w re mai'ti to
suffer, atrrl ynr peace became daily endan
gered. In addition to which, it must have
been obvious to ll. that the tjx' austion
produced by trie W;it, -subjected both Mex
ico and Texas to the interference of other
powersr which, without the inte position
of this Government-, might eventuate in the
most seiious inijury lo the United States.
This government, from time to time exer
ted irsniendly offices to bring about a ter
mination of hostilities upon terms lion era -ble
alike to both the belligerent l"s clForts
in this behalf provrd unavailing. Mexico
seemed, almost without an object to per
severe in the war, and no oiher alternative
was left the Executive but to lake advan
tage of the well known dispositions of Texas,-and
to invite her to toiler into a treaty
for annexing htr territory lo lhat of lhe U
nited Stat s.
Since your last session, Mexico has
hrealened to renew the war, and has eith
er made, or proposes to make, formidable
preparations for invading Texas, ohe has
issued decrees and proclamations, . epara
try to the commencement of t . t-iiiies.
full of threats revolting to humar , - !
which, if carried into effect, woj" . .:;scj
the attention of all Christendo. '. his
new demonstration of feeling, iher. is too
much reason to tveliee, has been produced
in consequence of the negotiation of the
late treat y of annexation with Texas. . The
Executive, therefore, could not be indiffe
rent to uch proceedings; and ii fell it to be
due. as well to itself as to the honor of the
country, that a strong representation should
be made to the Mexican Governm';n'.upon
the subject. This was according- done;
as will be seen by the copy of th j accom
panying despatch from the Scve. nf
State lo the United Slates Envoy a ' .:i
co. Mexico has no right to jeop
peace of the world 'by urging any 1 ei,
useless and fruitless contest. Such (
tion of things Would hot be tolerate
the European continent Why shoulu
be on this? A war of desolation,
as is now threatened by Mexico,
be waged without involving ourpeat i and
tranquility. It is idle lo believe that such
a wai could be looked upon with indiffer
ence by our own citizens, inhabiting adjoin
ing Stales; and our neutrality would be .vi
olated, in despite of all efforts on the part
the Government to prevent it. The coun
try is settled by emigrants from the United
States, under invitations held out to them
bv Spain and Mexico. Those emigrants
have left behind themfiiends and relatives
who would not fail to sympathise with
them in the'r difficulties, and who would
be led by those sympathies lo participate in
their s' ruggles, however eiergelic the ac
tion., or .Government 'to prevent it , Nor
"oold the numerous and formidable bands
of Indians; the most warlike to be found in
any Idnd, which occupy the extensive re
gions contiguous to the Stales of Arkansas
and '.Missouri, and who are in possession of
large tract- of country within the limits of
l'exaj be likely to remain passive. The
inclination of those numerous tribes lead
them invaiiably to war whenever pretexts
exist.
Mexico had no Just ground of complaint
against this Government ot People for
gotiating the treaty. What interested .rs
iva effected by the treaty? She was des
poiled of nothing, since Texas was forever
lost to her. The independence of Texas
wan recognised by several of the leading
Poweis of the earlh. She was free lo treat
fiee to adopt her oWn line of policy
free to take the course which she believed
w a best calculated to secure her happiness.
Her Government and People decided on
annexation to the United States; and the
Executive saw, in the acquisition of such a
territory, the means of advancing their
peimanent happiness and glory. What
principle of good faith then was violated?
what rule of political morals iramplt d un
der foot? So far as Mexico herself wa?
concerned, the measure should have ' - k
regarded by her as highly beneficial,
inability to reconquer Texas had bun .
hibited, I repeat, by eight now nine
yeais of fruitless and ruirous contest. In
the meantime, Texas has been growing in
population and resourcis Emigration has
flowed inio her territory, from all parts of
tne world, in a current which continues lo
increase in strength. Mexico requires a
peimanent boundary between that young!
lepublic and hersilf. Texas, at no distant
day, if she continues separate and detached
from lhe United States, will inevitably
eek to consolidate her strength by adding
to her domain the contiguous provinces of
Mixico. The pii it cf revolt from the coa-