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1: i H3 r WholcJYa OS5. Tarborough, Edgcconibc County, JW V. Saturday, January 1 8 , 1 ol. OT. e. The Tarborouh Press, , r Br George Howard.Jr. I9 published weekly at TuooD(rllkrs per year if paid in : advance or. Two pollers and t ifl, f Crnts at the expiration of the subscription yeat. Subscribers are at liberty to discontinue at an; r ; time on giving hotice thereof and paying arrears. Advertisements not exceeding a square will b? inserted at One Dollar the first insertion, and 25 cents for every continuance. Longer fcdvertise mentg at that rate per squard . Court Orders ah 1 Judicial Advertisements 25 peri cent. Jiigber. Ad vertisements must be marked the number of inser tiona renuired- or thev will be continued until otherwise directed, and charged accordingly. f Letters addressed to the Editor must be post paid, or they maty not be attended to. HJ3 From the Raleigh. Standard. INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF GOV. GRAHAM, j . Delivered before tht General JJssemblu t January 1, 1S45. Senators and Gentlemen of the House of Common'. j In presenting myself before you to tak the oaths required for my qualification ate Chief Magistrate of the State, I gl ad ly eni brace the occasion, to express tci our com mon'constituents, tny deep & abiding sen? of gratitude, for their conhdence;and appr bation as manifested in the elecfion whic calls me hither. ; If by diligence, faithfu - ness, and -impartiality in the high trust I a abdut&to assume 'if by a constant ohsej- vance of those great maxims of. hbert "and 'justice that. are embodied in the Const tutions which f shal swear to support if hv a consultation of our -history1 arid a d fereace to -those precedents andl examp which are deemed' most excellent in p time, I can gather tha wisdom ; which mry own deficient faculties tre unable to sub- ply, I may hope to render to my country men some, altho it be an inadequate return for this mark of their favorable; consider ) tion. A: philosophic observer of our Institu tions, has attributed as a defect to the Sta e Governments, that they do noCcompreher d objects of sufficient interest to human amhi tion. Although the fact be otherwise, y il itis much to bue apprehended that there is a tendency in the affairs of the Federal Gov ernment, extending as it does tver so vast a territory, and so many millions of inhabi tants, identified in recollection wih tne proudest events of our history with i ts power to make war and peace, land beiri constantly surrounded with the. pomp an d circumstances of warlike preparation, land and sea -with its larze i revenue an d d expenditures its numerous officers, arj their superior compensations above thoJe of the States -its power to regiilate Co merce, to conduct our foreign lntercdurs and to administer the code of -Nations, with the great and concentrated powers and pat ronage of its Executive that, there is a tendency in theaffairs of that Gbvernmeni, with these attributes for admiration&attrac tion, to engross too much of the attention which ill bestowed by our citizens on pub lic affairs. That these important concerris of the Natiori should be objects' of constant observation and active vigilancejs to be ejir pected and desired. , But that they should be so, to the exclusion of those rhore i m me- j diate interests which "come to our bustnepsl' and bosoms," our homes and fireside, arl ua which are wisely retained under State iti-i risdiction, is a misfortune to be rJeprecatejl. II Wf r 1 o r 7 in trio nimo r I Amofior n 1 1 1 zens, it should be with feeiinirs akin to filial affection and gratitude, that we re member, we are North Carolinians And that the preservation andT prosperity of our system, and its ability to secure . the pel in aucn i ana. naoiiuai aiiacnment oi tne people, depend quite as much, 'nay, much more upon an erilightened policy," and a correct administration in' Stale Govern ments, than in that of the Union. p omitting, therefore, to occupy this occasiojji , with more than a passing notice of matterjs which concern the action of the General Government 1 am actuated by the belwf that other topics are more appropriate, and moreover, that from recent) opportur j ties, my opinions on National affairs a not unknown. Let it suffice, tHento sify that the line of partition between State ar tl Federal powers should be kepi distinct marked; and while those yielded by the oiaies snouid be liberally exercised for t general . good, those retained ( should e Oe careiutiy watched over and preserved ( i iai i regarded the liberty and Union mese united States as inseparable, and that ... UUi ui uiub enirus'eu wun a "lority, as well as of all good citizens, 'i dignantly to frown upon the first dawnii oi every attempt to alienate any portion our country from the test, or to enfeeble l acred ties which link together its 'vario parts," ; But, for, the, cultivation of Ui narm 8"a,l be 'ch'aractVrisrpri hi; instil ,.,;,! J ?na enlarged patriotism; but tlxatr the4 sel-J "irmony so essential, ta Uiiion, we. mifsi Dear in mind, that it is necessary not only that the : course of the General Go vernmelf: prSl States shall keep thevcovenants of the Constitution as undertaken by them, not mrely in letter, but in spirit and in good faih. Certain parts of that instrument re qiie duties to be performed, or omitted, by.the State Governments, or some depart ment thereof, without,-hovvever, providing penafl sanctions for the failure, relying on lyjupon the comity, the sense of right, and the official paths of public servants for their observance- Yet it is obvious that a nori compliance on the part of a State in these articles, is as injurious to the rest of the confederacy, as can be any usurpation by t tie Federal Government. The Constitu tion having stipulated that Congress shall have power 4to establish a unform rule oj" nl'tilralization," and Congress having exerf td thepower, by prescribing a previous residence in' our own country, of 6ve t years, and a declaration of an intention to become a citizen, in some Court of Rcc om, at least twdf years, before any foreigner sfiall be paturalizerl, it is manifest that any Jate, which undertakes to confer the right o" citizenship on aliens with a shorter resi cfence and upon other terms than those dleclaredan the Acts of Congress, commits ap infraction on the Constitution injurious t 'the other States. And if they are en umerated in the census of her noDula- tfon, so as to give her a greater numberff ill the apportionment of Representati vesJ ajnd admitted to the right of suffrage in! ejections sueciing uie u nion, sne a "qui res importance and power beyond her due, and? by means unauthorized by the Constitution.! Yet regulations for the naturalization otf foreigners, after a residence of but six rjnonths or other period less, than that re uired by the Acts of Congress, have beeri introduced in seyeriil of the States and arq believed to have already had an important influence in great National results. . j I So also the Constitution in express terms provid-es that criminals flteing from jusf tice, in one Slate to another, and that perl $Ons held to labor escaping into other tatcs, shall be delivered up on proper de mand to be carried to the places vvhencfe fhey fled Nevertheless, instances have ccurred of refusal by Stale authorities to make such delivery, because the state of servitude alleged in the particular case, did not exist in the State where the demand fvas made; or because thecrime charged was hot regarded as an offence there. No diu'er ence can be perceived, whether the crime be treason against a State, larceny of a slave br other property,' or whether the person demanded be a slave or apprentice) a ward pr infant child, the obligation under the Constitution, to deliver up, in any and ev- ty of the cases, is imperative and una-? voidable. 1 I have thus particularly pointed odt these breaches of constitutional duty in other States., because, the Judiciary of this .iaie nave uniioAmiy neici, inai me rigni of naturalization coudr only be acquired under the laws of the United States. ThJe Executive has never failed to deliver up on a proper demand and due proof of iden- I tity, any fugitive criminal or person held- to service: and v our predecessors in e General Assembly have aided the re quirements of the Constitution, for trie surrender of criminals by statutory enact ment I Another source, of disturbance to te harmony;of the Union, from lailure fn duty by the State Government, arises from -the toleration within their limits, by particular States,of organized societies orcombinations of individuals, having for their object trie subversion of the Government or particular institutions of other Stales. If il be matter of boast in the Federal Government, that it has made similar combinations . against foreign powers punishable as crimes in Courts ol Justice, it would seem to be : de manded by the dutieF of good neighbor hood, to say nothing of closer ties, that such interlerence in the affairs of sister Slates should be prohibited by each merti ber of the confederacy. And if particu lar frames of Government or organizations of society existing in any of the States - at the formation of the Constitution, and re cognized and guaranteed by it, are to be warred upoiv by the inhabitants of other States, no matter from what motive of fac tion or fanaticism, or with whatever hope of driving them to a greater ideal perfection of liberty or humanity, the consequences cannot but be most disastrous to the gener al peace and happiness. ! It is now near seventy years, since the organization jef the Government of the State of North Carolina. Never in her colonial condition, enjoying the sunshine of royal favor, and participating in bui a limited degree of the patronage and honprs of the General Government; which has suc ceeded to the principal powers from whch patronage flows, possessing a'soil upon the iverage not above the. medium grade of fer Yiiity, but "y ielding fruitful returns to pa tient toiK in i o ur ge q e r a 1 y , sa lu b i o us cli-; rriate excluded bv trie nature of her sea soast from any enlarged share in the com merce of 'the world ; " her "people! have been inured to seti-reiiance, inausiry, ecunuiH , ind for the most part, ioebjpetence, ' fMltJpUr capabilities for 'manufacturing are i. - Jonce the offspring of the will, and the type lot the simple manners, and honest and Imanly character of thecitizens. Our Con- jstituiion, both in its original and amended 'features, exhibits a Government affording every essential right of freedom, yet suffi ciently conservative, to give to it perma- nence and energy, in administration. No Bwhere can we find a better practical illus iration or lioerty secured by law. Uur statutory enactments, embodied in a vol ume of but little more than six hundred oc tavo pages, in which are Comprehended ev ery act of legislation, affecting the citizens in general, from the earliest Englfsh Stat utes'until within a few years past, attest how well the simplicity and plainness of the lundamental law have been followed in general legislation. In , fulfilment of the acquirements of the Constitution, a Judici ary system was early put in operation, which being matured from time la time, as experience suggested improvement, will compare favorably with the best systems, of other btates. Under . its administration by officers in the main of a high grade of abili ty, learning a,nd purity of character, our standard of professional emiience has been uniformly elevated, justice has been execu ted, and truth maintained, in such a man ner that in no pat of the. -world have life, liberty and property, been more secure, than within the borders of our venerated State, i More than half a century ago, our Uni versity was established, which has gradu ally increased and ditlused its lights not only in our own but in others1 of the States, until it now justly ranks among the first of the seminaries for education in the Union. Other institutions on private foun dation, furnish opportunities of literary, scientific, and religious instruction in va rious parts of the State, and within a few years past, the long deferred duty enjoin ed by the Constitution, of providing a system of Common Schools, for the in struction of all our youth, has been under taken with earnestness and vigor May it prosper until we shall realize the de sire of the Roman Emperor, who ,would have every citizen so learned, thata por tion of the Republic might be committed to his charge." While such is the happy situation of our Government, and such some of its more fortunate results, we cannot delude our-r selves with the belief, that our advance ment in prosperity and wealth, has equal led that of most of our sister States, or that the task of those honored'with the confi dence of the people of North Carolina, and entrusted with their delegated power, is one of ease or indolence. Such has been the flow of emigration, that our population has hot yet doubled its number at the first Federal census in 1790 Its regular In crease, however, during each decennial period until the last was at the average rate of about 80,000 souls in each ten years. But during the period from 1830 to 1540, owing to the temptations to re moval, from the action of the General Government, both in relation to' the cur rency, and the extinction of the Indian ti tle to public land, the increase was only about 20,000 souls. NotWithsanding, however, the augmentation of population from 393,000 in 1780 to 755,000 in 1840, and the consequent increase of production and consumption of articles of commerce, the imports and exports of the seaports in our own limits, as shewn by the table of commerce of the Treasury of the United States, are no greater at the latter than at the former period. The Inlets on our coast have undergone no change .for the better; but few of our rivers have improv ed in navigation, though all have obstruc tions, and that extended tract of country lying between this Capitol and the Blue Ridge, and north-west of the river Cape Fear, comprehending more than one-third of our whole territory, population and tax able wealth, enjoys but little better facili ties of transportation than when it was traversed by the baggage wagons of hostile armies, in the midst of the Revolution. Those beneficent establishments, the pro ducts of modern humanity and science? in which cures are administered to minds diseased, the dumb are almost made to speak, and the blind to receive their 'fight,'-have as yet no foundations among us; and although a Common School ays tern has been commenced, a surprisingly large part of bur people are yet destituteof the first ludiments of4 education. jOur earth abounding, it is believed, beypnd any other region of no greater extent, in the precious- arid useful metalsin 'materials for manufacturing, for. manuring, for building," and a. thousand other .desirable objects, is not half explored.,, J)ur : agriculture tho Attracting more intelligence than formerly, is'yet'greatly ill needTof imfbyemeht; and bur ca Debilities for maaufatttlrintt are' butt moderation in fortune The natural fruits pf tHis situation have been personal inde pendence, unostentatious self respect, hab )ts in the general of morality, obedience to the j laws, fidelity to engagements, public land private, frugality in expenditures, and loyalty to the Government, which is at beginning to Be understood. ; It is most obvious, that to meliorate our condition in any, or all of the particuNrs alluded to. pecuniary means are indispensa- lvlf In rnmmon w ith the ffreater Doriion of our constituents, I have looked forbears to a distribution of the proceeds of the sales Oi tne puoiic lanos, as ine sourpe inim i -i i a i j r. which we" were to derive the supplies ne-J cessary for objects so desirable. If in this hope, we shall be doomed to disappoint ment, those among us who preter a ditler- ent disposition .ot that lund, hut who vet concur in the enlichtened policy of diffu sing education and improving our situation in every practicable method, will be expec ted to brintr forward some other scheme of finance, to effect ends so important What ever sstem . may" be adopted, no time should be lost, in putting into euergptie op eration, such measure as may be calculated to add to public and private wealth. 0ir country must be-made to hold out the hope and expectation of acquiring the means .of comfortable livelihood, and of reasonable accumulation, or its popidation cannot be expected to remain, nor its resources to in crease. While labor is the only true foun dation of national 'wealth, it may be much aided in its efforts by the kind and uphold ing hand of Government. No States more diversified ih its fields of labor, or its varieties of marketable production, ih,n piir own. The great majority of the peo ple being engaged in Agriculture, there are far more thin a superficial observer would imagine, who are, with perhaps greater profits employed in the forests and fishe ries, arts. mines, manufactories, and mechanic Our agriculture again, such is - the variety of soil and climate, comprehend every great staple cultivated in the .Union," except Sugar and Hemp. And it is difti cult to say in the present sate of statistical information, whih of our chief exports, ot Cotion, TobaccoARice, Wheat and Hour, or Indian Corn, isf the ; greatest value W'hile that of Cotton would seem to be greatest, we must remember that fully orie third of the domestic supply of that article is manufactured at our own mrlLs, and finds a market chittlv at home; in their manufac tured state These varieties of occupation. and production, creating apparently diverse interest, may be made JLo contribute to mu tual accommodation, and to multiply the bonds of fraternal feeling, if government will bul open communications between dif ferent Sections, and give to the producer a cheap and easy mode of transportation to market, or shall encourage new employ ments, by. means of which, the production shall find a market nearer home. In view of the great deficiency oi facilities ' tor transportation, under which we labor in the larger portion of the State, an extended sys tem of Internal ImnroVeme'nt, or a more general devotion of industry to mining and manufacturing, would" seem to be indispen sable. If we cannot, without too great a loss of profits, send our staples to existing markets, we must endeavor to bring a mar ket nearer to them This is most obvious ly our interest,-especially since in raising the amount ol revenue necessary lor the Federal Government, the practice; of lay ing discriminating duties for the protection of manufactures and other pursuits of do mestic industry, seems to be a settled part of our national policy. Unfamiliar with the details of our affairs, it will hardly be expected that J shall at oreseht attempt any recommendation of specific measures to your consideration This would indeed be presumptuous, after the lucid and interestina review of them in the message of my distinguished pre decessor, at the opening of your present Session I cannot however forbear to im press upon the Legislature, my deep con viction of the importance of his recommen dation to undertake without delay, an Ag ricultural and Geological survey of the State, with particular reference to the dis covery of means to improve our soil and cultivation. 1 In whatever we produce, we haye . millions of competilors throughout the world. And unless, we avail ourselves of-all the naturnil resources we possess, in addition to lights of science, the skill of experience & application of in dustry, we shall be) left behind in the great race, of increasing! profits by cheapening production. ' . 1 In contemplating the important interests which require the care of Government, it is a consolation tome to knowV that by the wise distribulion of powers, the1 Kxecutive in the general discharge of "its duties, but moves in the rear of the Legislature, en deavoring lo'carry out their ; wise determi nationj -by such meaus as ' they, have com mitted to its hands. Whatever in bur res ; pective spheres we may find demanding'our attention, ! trust that no pledge is necessa ry on my part, nor exhortation to you 'on yours, that the public engagements of tys Slate shall be observed' scrupulously' and I faithfully. In bur past history we haie gaiiicu a tug" vuamuci lur ine virtues oi j honesty and fidelity; thus far, our escutch' eon is unstained the public faith has been kept, the public honor inviolate. J: And whateverestiny 'may await os in the fir tre ,et 03 .: fervently unite our inyocaticr.J to that good Providence, who has so signal-r ly upnem ana prervcci us nereioiorc, that our belovett iorn aroutva may sun be nermitted lo walk in her integrity, ' the object of our Io ally, and pride, as she is the home of our hearts apu aneguons. .CAPTIONS Of the Iflcis and Resolutions passed by the Legislature of North Carolina, Session of 1844-5.,. '. v 'J. j PUBLIC ACTS. 1. An act concerning jury Trials 2, An act to amend the 5th" section of the i 9lh chapter of the Revised Statutes. . The bill provides, th t whenever, any . Clerk of the County Court within this State shall die, after the , adjournment, of -the Court and before the sitting -of lhe next Court succeeding, not leaving a lawful de nutv, it shall be t h ed u l y 6 f rhe Shei i tT of " Uuch county to summon the Magistrates ofy ine county 10 meeiai ine uuuu. jiuj-& within fifieen days alter the demise of"the deceased Clerk- a majority of whom shall elect a Clerk who shall hold the office ,iS?'C;; til the next regular, election :'by... tti&.fcJ?i: pie- giving the usual bonds and'su the usual oathj ; r 3. An act extending the jurisdicti.i Justices of the Peace over judgments, .. amendatory of the 6th section of tbe41evi-" sed Statutes entitled Justices pf the Pace, and t he fortieth sec'ion of ; the Rei ' Statutes entitled Courts, County and 5utt rior. -Gives to Jutices jurisdiction - oye. all suma due by judgment, not exceeds j, one hundred dollars principal, though tiio principal and interest together mny ceed that amount; and directs that if any suit hh bi ought in the County or Supior, Courts on any judgment rendered as aforesaid,' fc ny sum of less l value than one hundred dollars, due Jjy sucih judgment,, the sar.-c shall be dismissed by th3 Court. 4. An act in favor of poor , . dohtorr, , Exempts from execution certain articles -ol household furniture and farming uieji si Is and pro visions, to the value of) fifty dollars J ; : 5. An act more effectually to secure ll.o debts due for Cherokee Lands, and to facil itate the collection of the same.; " : 6. ! An act to j secure to citizens of thi State the right of (ishing in the navigab! Waters of this 'State, u , . 7. " Ari act extending the time;-.pr f fecting the titles to lauds heretofore ent ed. :'-- .", ''. ;:'" '; " ' -- . An act concerning the admi?sibil evidence against the sureties of officr others." :; ' ; .v'; 9 An act to amend the -Revised entitled an" act conrerhing Le'ga: v...-l portions, and disti ibuiive shares xid thi 1 Kevised Statutes, Descents.1 j j- 10. An act to amend the 8th section the 50th chapter of the Kevised Ststcl ;J entitled an act concerning frauds and fn dulent 'conveyances. , , . 1 1. An act assenting to the purctrr - . the United Stales of certain! Ian4-'i tho town of Wilmington, and ceding lh4j:r2 diction of North Caioiina oyer the sarncj under certain limit a ti o us and ' 5on therein contained; r f 12.' An act; to authorize the Wilmirglor and Raleigh Rail Road Company 'to ifu.. bonds to the amount of one hundred thca sand dollars, to redeem a like! amount if r v eu under me act entitled An! Oct for t. relief of the WilminRton and) Raleigh tit ',, Road Company." lionds to be in sun: not less than one thousand dollars bearih; Interest at the rate of six per cent. iper ah nam, payable semi-annually, on first Men- day in January and July -i 50,000 payable on the first iday of January, 1 843. and t!.a remainder on the first day of January It " o he endorsed by the Public Treasur and signed by the Treasurer and Comrtrc ler the faith i of the , Slate ; pledged -f their redemption, and the Public Treasu rer directed to pay the same out of ch money in the Treasury at the time, on f- lure of the company to do so bonds trz ferable. The President and1 Directors t make, execute, and deliver to the; Gove nor of the.State, a morfgaie of all the ' c late real and personal of the said t-riy' or in any manner pertaining - to, the7 aamo conditional for itleninifying ' the Stato harmless from the loss of the whole or srr pirt' of said bondsalso, a pledge of r : much of the profits of the said Toad c3 c: t be sufficient to pay the semi-annual inlcr: accruing on said ; bonds the mortgage thd p!eJge to be approved by the Governor .zd Attorney General. 'In case of failure c the Company to discharge semi-an'ually; the interest. on aid bonds, the Governor for the time bring may apply to the Supe rior Court 1 of Kquity, for Wake county, ' for a jequestralion of the receipts for trans portation on said ' 'road, and : for the ap pointment of a receiver of such receipts said Court empowered to act accprdincly -anu in case oi lanure oi sam uompanj 10 pay the interest on faid bonds and1 redeem the; principal thereof, the Governor to cause the mortgages to be' foreclosed in tha Superior CoiuHfc of 1 Wake j and; on -decrco r f
The Tarborough Southerner (Tarboro, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Jan. 18, 1845, edition 1
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