COMMERCIAL;
WILMINGTON, N C.
FR ID Alt," JULY 6 1 1849.
SOUTHERN QtlARTERCYr'
We have received the July number of ihe Southern
QnttrUrls fcruuvwhtch contains a variety ot inter
esting matter, and ijtill commends itself to the pat
ronaje of the public-ithe Bouthern public, especially
NEW YORK RIOTV-'
The New Y$k O
rand Jury of the Court ofSetr
pcasions have found
120 bills of indictment against
persons concerned in the Astor Place riots,- It is
sid that the ' untcrrified" and ;' indomitable" demo
crat, captain RTKDE&3 is indicted, with other mem
ber of the Empire Club. ....
. . . gin. scot r.
The report of the sickness of Gen. Scott is -without
fonndition. ' His health has not been so good for
many months past, ai at the present time. ; ' 1
ATTEMPTED ESCAPE,
A -short lime since a negro man was diacovered in
the forecastle of the schooner G. W. Davis, bound
ta New York, where he had secreted himself during
the preceding night, for the purpose of escaping to
ths North. No blam ; is impatcd to any of the offi
cers or crew of thev3sel but we suggest to com
nhndera of, vessels the importance of a strict watch
and freqneril search, I o avoid the appearance of evil.
It is"very possible that the commander of a vessel
might subject hims'e f to inconvenience and loss,
from neglect alone. ' " ;
It has been propose d that' there be a meeting of
Slaveholders, for the purpose of employing a person
to keep a lookout in t ic premises. We do not know
flow far the Commissioners of Navigation are au
thorised to adopt measures to prevent the evil. We
arc sure they will do every thing they legally can,
to protect the property of our citizens, and to pun
i.sh delinquent masters of vessels.
THE CENTRAL RAIL ROAD.. . .
The Editors of the National, Intelligencer close some
very sensible and encouraging remarks, on the sub
ject of the Central Rail Road, with the following
paragraph: '
" But suppose the citizens of North Carolina, with
- those of other States directly interested in it, should
not be able to commind the means of raising one
million of dollars : it is still to be hoped thai an en
terprise so fraught with benefits to the whole Union,
and so auspiciously e?un, "will not be' permitted
by the capitalists of the country to faih It ia believ
ed that the'closest scrutiny I into the particulars-to
which Ve havd alluded.will satisfy the public that
the stock must pay well; and it is noUftenthat the
credit, so sound, of such a State as Nprth. Carolina
can be commanded tojthe extent of two millions of
dollars for anv single public work.".
'THE CHOLERA.
In Richmond, 4 new eases and I death, on the 27th
illit. - , -.
In Cincinnatit, on the 29th, 00 interments. "
In Philadelphia on the 2Sth, 43 cases and 9 deaths.
New York, un the 29th, 39 cases and 13 deaths.
Father Math ew, the great -Apostla ofTempex"i
ance arrived at Nfcw
shijv Ashburton.
York- on Friday - last, - in the
The, steamer ,IJastport collapsed her boijers at
Montreal ca Thursday
morning, aau nuio emigrant k
othrr i per suits were scalded
same, dangerously. ;
"THE ONE MAN POWER." -There
Is an article w the Washington Union and
copied into the Journal ot Friday,1 nndcr Ihe above
head; th a object of which is to sneer at and ridicule
the opinion that the "jane man power" is hostile- to
republican freedom. jThe publication of the whole
article, would be the best rebuke to the thing itself,
but our limits forbid this. .. " '. .''"."', '' '
The Editor avers that the "one man power" has
been in favor with 'Heaven Earth,. Hades,", and a
majority of ths Ladies" ever sinse Adam, "sat up
on tHo green hills of piradise in fig-leaf inexpressi
bles." This manner of treating the subject is con
tinued throughout, ami attempts at wit and sarcasm
are made, by the use cf vulgar aphorisms and comi
cal illustrations. It is a style which few have used
with success, and in tie present instancR'there is a
decided failure. The; .vriter speaks of Ihe Cabine t
bcTn as strong as old Whitcy ; calls those who ob
ject to the t!onc man power,' simpletons, "Scions 'of
the gutter;" men wht never went below the surface
of any tiling except a 'venison pastry or a ; dish of
buttermilk," Oh, it isja most ludicrous exhibition of
the playful", on a gravt subject,, and brings up to the
mind the most grotesic ue conceptions of the attitude
and manner of Father Ritchie when he penned the
article. A Jackass daacingto the notes of a Scoleh
bagpipe, is a soiemn soene, compared to the irrt pres-
. e'lblc imaginings impe led by this effusion of the EdV
itorof the Union. x ; ; '
By a gross pervefsix u of the meaning and Intent
of language he asserts the majority of OneKJo be the
"one man powcr,' in assemblies and; counsels
insists on its necessity and' propriety in! families, Ju
ries, Courts" of Justice CburtsmartiaT, vestries, asso
ciations, clubs, Dorca societies, pleasure excursions
and every kind of assimblage. n fact, leaves no
ground unoccupied, either social, civil "or political
which is not controlled by this power, as a very prop-
. er medium He . everj brings in the case of Moses
the law giver and asserts that the twelve of Gallia
lee never gave advice, jbut obeyed .the advice of one
superior intellect.1' And asfif to show how ha can
jumble things of all sorts together without shame,
ho illustrates the case pf himself and bis party, by
saying, 4ln every. floes of wild ' geese there' is 'one
old gander, whose faintest squeak is law and gospel
too."- V5 i:T l"' j--' UHt- ' j,-,- 3-1
Ir." Ritchie's habit of acting ajad thinking are
clearly shadowed fbrthl "Solona of the gutter," that
), poor men Svho work for a living, are cot to come
jacjweea the "wmd and! the nobility" ot Mr. 50,000
daUar Ritchie.. All the Democracy hat to do is to
yield to the "one upefior intellect"- that manages
the Union. He would have them obey and work for
the aggrandizement o'. himself the "one. bully pis
wire xf which be speaks in another place. ."' " ' ;
- As coming from a Press claiming to be the head
of a great and powerfm party, and insisting upon a
high saj4ing abroad bis piece of Ritchie is com
posed of the vilest trash that ever issued irom mortal
pen. ; As coming fxoirl the leader of the pretended
democracy, it is an absurdity tpo gross for any free
man; for any mantwbt ia not abased to the most
eeryile obedience to power ad iaoney.
And this article is cclpied.witb favor iato the dem
ocratic presses of the Jcountry this article, ; which
teaches that mankind Are bound by the laws of Pro
vidence and by the character and! ! Habits I of bur race
to yield np all -theirright3, 'opinions, and liberties, to
jhe power of one tnan, let him be President or Priest
WEEKLY
;s hailed as the oracular demonstration of 'the "pro-'
-, ... . - ? - ,.
gressive democracy." Ij f"f j. ! t
Will men acknowledge thU doctrine and pretend
to be democrats ; the greatest lovers jaf the largest
freedom T Ieia even so. - But fhoe"whc doso, no
matter by what political name they are called,! are
the veriest slaves of fantastic tyranny the tools of
-knaves, and the minions of master whoJjnockv.at
reason and scoff at the very first principle of demo
cratic republican liberty the government by the
"major! ty tpp
, We have no fears that this doctrine, of the "one
man power" will be tolerated by the American peo
ple.. But its unblushing avowal by the leader of the
democratic press, shows to what extent those lead
ers claim the control of the public mind. Confident
of a party drill that has worked with the precisi in
of destiny. Mr.rRTTCHiE grows careless. But if is
right that theory and practice Ehould go hand in
hand. Heretofore, there has been much prating
about the 'overeign people" now the doctrine
is taught as it has long been practised, and the
one, man in power is the only sovereign ack
nowledged by the demolished democracy. Hereto
fore citizens were addressed as "honest farmers,,'
"hard working mechanics," ' laborers," &c. Now
these dear people, in the estimation of Father Rit
chie, and the' democratic Presses who follow his
lead, are 'simpletons," "Solons of the Gutter" i fit
to go below the surface of a "bowl of bHtiermllk,"
but not to dive into State matters, or to know any
thing about what li proper fo be done.
Ve ask of onr candid readeis if we have said too
much,.whenwe have heretofore asserted that the
members of the late democratic party, were not al
lowed to .'tSriAr, much less to speak on party matters.
Has not the Editor of the union confirmed this in
his assertion of the "one man power T
Arrival M MM$WM
"ONE W 1 2 IS It IJATKR .'
' "Teleghaph OfficeSt. John, N :B., . '
i . Thursdayr li o'clock, P. M. . 5 ,
The steamer Hibernia, Captain Stone, ; arrived at
Halifax yesterday afternoon, wirh 70 passengers for
Ntw York and 22 for Halifax. She left for New
York at about 4 o'clock, and will be at her wharf at
an early hour on Saturday morning. r , , :. .
By her wc ha'e dates onckweek later, from all parts
of Europe. . , r. , . , siiP
The national securities have been firm throughout ,
the week, notwithstanding the attempted revival , of
insurrection and turbulence in France, and the dis
tracted condition of CsntraL Europe. -The - funds
maintained an upward tendency since Monday, clo;
sing firmly last night. Consols 92J a f , for special
transfer, and 91 to for account without the divi
dends. Exchequer , bills, r 43s. a- 46s. premiuni.--Bank
stock firm at 194J. In the foreign market,
transactions have been.limited. . i .
. Amebican Stocks. United States 5 per cents,
93i 1 6 per cents, 108, . ex. div. ; New. York., 5 . per
cents, 93 1 Pennsylvania 5 per cents, 80ya 81; j Mass
achusetts 5 jxer cents, 10U a 102. i :r v -
The British government repudiate all . cognizance
or sanction of the proceedings, vf the French, ; in
their treatment of theRomans. y
The Canada .arrived at Liverpool . on Tuesday
morning. - '.--:V;'i; -t " ' --i :,i ' '
The Caledonia as wo learn from the, officers oi the
Hibernia, was seen on Sunday, P. M., and would
arrive at Liverpool on Tuesday, morning. t .
- The steamer. United States , arrived in Liverpool
just "as the Hibernia left.. When twenty-four hours
otjt from New York, she struck on the South ShpaL
off Nantucket, remained for four hours, and jmrew
overboard seventy tons of coal.? She subsequently
damaged one of her boilers so much. as .to render it
useless for the remainder of the voyage. She wil
undergo repairs at Liverpool. The U. S. passed the
Sarah Sa.nd3.thetday previous to her arrrivul at. Livr
erpooL ... ,. ... . :.- 4
The cslebrated steamer Great Britain has been
purchased by Mr. Fillings, of Londpp, and is td. be
ritted out to run between Liverpool and New "Y ox
Insurrection In .Paris-Ajrrest of , M.. Arago
' aud Iedru Rolliii. . ; A' -'
On Wednesday an incipient insurrection was at
tempted in Paris, by about 25.000 of the mountain
party, headed byM; 'Etienne Arago! 1 ItwaVsup
pressed by "the troops, whose numbers amounted t
70,000 ' !i-:" "
Several attempts were made to CTect barricades.
In the -evening, the Assembly declared itself in
permanence and passed a decree declaring Paris
and the First Military Division In a state of siege.
On Thursday the alarm had considerably subsided
and business,-which was. "entirely suspended the
day? previous, wi s generally resumed. At onetime
thefJeTrl-was imminent, and nothing but the courage
and prudencev oiahe President, aided .by firmness
and sagacity1, prevented the mo5t.seriou5 consequent
ces. Numerous arrests have taken place, including
several members of the Assembly, M. Arago, and
Lednr - Rollin. The last, accoants report a state f
tranquillity bat there was an uneasy feeling afloat
that h renewed attempt would be made to upset the
government, and that when it comes to the point,
the rroops will not prove steady. ... -
All the socialist, or red republican, jourmls at
Paris, except the National, ,-have . been suppressed
since the disturbance on .Wednesday ) It
c,The city of Rheimsjo , reported to be in full in
surrection and to have established a government of
red republicans. L??.c (-t?..-v; :' i-bu: 1- .-;:4:
A very alarming demonstration, on the part of the
red republicans, took place nn the 13th inst, and for
a time a revival of the terrible insurrection of June
appeared probable. ? The affair commenced in a de
monstration got up i by i the red -republicans, as a
protest of the National Guard of Paris ta the vote of
the National Assembly,' of the 12th. . n
. - On theubject of Rome, the demonstration of the
Assembly to support the cause, of the Pope, and to
put down the - Roman ! republic, was . seized ; upon.
In s order to5 make a manifestation in ' favor of the
Roman republic; and at the :same time against the
government.
The City of Rome . Attacked by the French
- Sanguinary Engasement. ; r
; From Rome we learn, that the French army com
menced Ihe1 attack upon the city on the 3d - inst,
and, after a. sanguinary 'engagement; in which the
Romans lost .800 men, succeeded In "carrying se
veral", important s posts: t A aeries of ; attacks has
since -.taken place, In' which the victory1 is various
to confirm tne belief that they would, malfe a most
determined resistance, and fight to the last, , .. ,
!y stated, bet In which the invading army has suf
fered most. The French papers pubUsh conflicting
reports of the operations'of the army ; but from ac
coants received to the 5th insti, it is clear that
Gen. Oudinot had not then gained access to the
city though he had gained a po3ttiori at the north
of Rome. which - would enable him to command
The latest despatch from Gen. Oudinot is to the
6th inst., at which time he had opened his trench
es, and had regularly besieged ihe citya-is.
There is no appearance of yielding on the part of
the Romans; but, on the contrary, , everything goes
vwIro5re of tUellunsaria,! ..Bcpubllc.
Kossuth has arrived in Pesth, and has been re
ceived as Preigident in the capi'al of the Hungarian
republic. It would seem' that hostilities are still
carried on in lha """South "'bctWeerilhe'Hanmos"
and the shattered remains of the Austrian army," sp
portcd by the Russians ; but the reports which reach
us are so vague and contradictory, it is not deemed
advisable to transmit them by telegraph.
The Russian General has issued a proclamation
t o the Hungarians," the pith of which is, that if they
do not lay down their arms and submit to their fate
with a good grace, they w ill be made to feel the con
sequences of their "presumption. Every effort is
being made to rouse the people, and the Magyar
government have ordered clergymen to preach
against the Russians. -
In Baden the revolutionary struggle Is now in full
play. The Prince of Prussia has left Berlin, to take
command of the arm y of the Rhine, and in Baden
and Wurtemberg and Bavaria, the democrats are
preparing for a conflict. .
Fearful Ravages of the Cholera, v
The cholera has again appeared in England, apd
several cases have occurred in Manchester and other
parts of the country,; , T !
At Paris, the disease is making most frightful
havoc, even more so that in 1837. Upward of 11,
000 deaths have already occurred, and In one day
there were about 900 cases and 600 deaths reported.
Marshal , Bugeaud, and many . other persons of
eminence, have fallen before this scourge, which
lias also broken out anew in Silicia Vienna, and
Preibur?, sr.d is raging most fearfully at Alexan
dria and Caro, Ui Egypt. 'j , .'
The British Part lam snt Tlia Canadian
iC'ii; xiosscs Bill,&e. i
In the debate in Parliament upon .the Canadian
losses bill, Mr.'Gradstone interposed a most "furious
opposition to tK-3 measure, arid his remarks aref said
to have made a marked" impression In the House.
He contended that t:e passage of 'the bill 'involved
imperial as well as local considerations, nd that its
provisions were" at variance with ' the" honor and
dignity of the crown. He denied that the sense o
the Canadian people had "been pronounced ifr favo1"
of the measure ; that even if it had, he did not admit
that this should be an'uftirttate Criterion: It In voic
ed the highest imperiaT considefafions, "and should
be subject to the decisidnof tbe imperial Par'iiament
alone. lie did not ask tlie government to disallow
the act,' bui for an assurance hat under the act
rebels should not be , compensated, but that parties
should produce reasonable prima Jade evidence,
before receiving any public money . that they had
not taken part in the reb'elli'on.
. Lord John Russell complained of the tendency of
Mr. Gladstone's speech to aggravate the dissensions
in Canada, embitter the feeliegs of hostile parties',
and that he has stated the cause of orie party. that,
in opposition supplying tkem with argumentsrand
mending their caseJ ;iArter paying warm i tribute to'
the talents of Lord Elgin and the spirit of his ad
ministration, he averred that ii would be the du ty - of
government to leave this' act in operation, trusting
that its opponents, whom he believed loyal men,
would, when the present excitement was over, en
deavor to arre3t its evil consequences; that a direct
action would be most likely 16 satisfy Canada. He
had declared at once the policy which the govern
ment meant to pursue. ! v
Lord John was followed by several other speak
ers, and; after a 'warm discussion, a division was
taken upo'n"trief question that the debate should be
adjourned to the l5th"inst., which was carried.
" Lord Jolin Ris3ell "has given ; notice in Pailia
lnerif.tllat the financial statement f ihe Chancellor
of the Ecrtequer wouM be derbfred till another
week. ... ,
Tlie bill for ihe 'abrogation of the 'navigtaibn laws
passed tlie House of Lords, without material amend
ment, on the 12th, antl Ka received the royal sanc-
lion. I ne uni wiu go miu ciicti m auuuijr. -
The Jews disabilities bill 'passed 5 the House of
Commons by a majbrfty of '&j. ' ' Its success In the
House of Lords is considered very doubtful. -
.,;.r ,5t... t Irislt AflMrs t '-
. Different and apparently reliable statements are
made from parts of Ireland, to, the effect that the
potato rothas made its appearancein some instan
ces, but generally .the vibes look vigorous. ' The
.weather.is. represented as continuing very favourable,
and the crops in nearly all parts of England and Ire
land are said.to look unusually promising. . t x
Smith O'Brien, throngh his counsel, denies the
legality of the commutation of his sentence of death
to transportation, and the govej-nrnent have to pro
vide for. the, unlooked for difilculty by , special act of
ParliamenV ;- '. , - ., 'J'Sx
' 'The Delta of the 23th inst says : We are in receipt
of the Brownsville Flag of the 16th instant.; It con
tains Sn acconnt of the seizure of the steamer . War
ren, by the Custom House authorities of MatamarOs,
while lying In the mouth' of a small liver near Mier,
undergoing repairs; - According to the Flag the; War
ren was commanded by Capt. Reed, and; was em
ployed as a trader on' the Rio Grande, under license
from the Texan" authorities. 'j The .vessel was lying
Tat Roma, fcfif CaT'tR-V cng onthe advice of his
friends, took her froin' there,"- fearing an attack from
the Indians.-- i . .- i. 'jo'
Xi irvm. , 'u. A?N: dJ'Deila'- '
; IMPORTANT ER0M MEXICO. :
We are indebted to the Patria;for an extra, Issued
by it yesterday : evening, containing ihe following
important intelligence from Mexico,: which t we pro
ceel to translate: .-.i-?;.,.- -f; Xrf
i JVo received yesterday the Bien Publico, publish
ed at Matamorosy of the '18th instant, , in which, we
find the following: On the 17th instant, .the fol
lowing" document ; came to hand, whch we .: hav e
translated from the Eaglisl, and although it appears
to have been printed In : this city, - (Matanjoros) we
have- good ? reasons to lelieve iinwaatprlnted . on
the other side of the river (L. e, o'o the K American
side)? ? - ; : nw ; .:'T i .Vi
DKCLxaATiosr of Indemsbbncb Jcxs 16, 1849
-Unanimous Declaration of the Seren' Norkeren States
. T TttQfthe&ierm 'J&dreofJlfa
When, in the course of human events, it becomes
necessary.?; for one nation to dissolve, the politicial
bonds which unite it to another, and to t ssume sep-r
arately among the powers of the earth the position
to which the law of nature, and uature'a God, enti
tie it, a decentrespect for the opinion pf,nankind
requires that it should state the cause which impel
it to the separation. 1 j . j- . ; J - .
The history of the present and past government
of Mexico is a history of repeated injuries and usur
pations,' all having for : their jdirect object the estab
lishment of an abstdutjsUyranny over these, Starts
To prove this, we present the following facts' "to an
Impartial worldr" 'St: ! j -Jfeisu-
Iirsl Wearied with politicial changes, which
have been heretofore nothing; more than continued
oppression, exercised by new jiands, we declare our
selves free 3r4'M.!rA'. t!- ? ' , i -
Secon d Wearied willa the exhibitiops1 of the gov-'
emmenf, which have been rtiade solely for the pur
pose of perpetuating the '-power of the? usurpers of
the -liberties 'ofethe'pebplevM'e. declare ourselves
free.---
X
Taird Wearied witl the armies Ijiich have been
collected solely to o press a.nd annihilate the indus
try of all. cxcet that of the oppressor, we declare
ourselves free. : ; .yr
FourUi AYearied that our beloved
. - - a . , . t
religi on, con-
stantly threatened by bajonet?, is fetjered in its de
sign of benevolence and public instrjiciiou, wc de
clare ourselves free. , s j :.:r .'.; -; ! . . ;
FiVi Wearied lhat the people,' iii the mikt of
their vast domains, are denied the right of individual
possession,. we declare ourselves free.j j , . ,
Sixtfi Wearied with the: promise which, have
been made4o our children, who anxiojusly await iu
vain of their rulers the nght'of educanjotii we declare
ourselves free. ; . .j;-; '' ' , .
(Sfrrent'i--Wearied that our. aged fathers are .sink
it g gradually into the grajrej like the: brutes, without
any alleviatiou, we declare ourselves free.
. Eighths-Wearied thatwhilst mise and poverty
prevail every where, the jusnrpers amass purple and
gold, we declare ourselves free. ;.;L s .
Ninth Wearied with S the national declaration
that slavery should not be! tolerated, on our soil,
while 4ho domestic service is an odious., horrible and
cruel system,, and prevails jwithout ; alleviation and
without parallelt.we declare ourselves free.
Wherefore wo, the pcopje of,. the Seen Northern
States of alexlco, appealing to the Supreme Judge
of the Uuiverse for the rectitude of obr intentions,
now solemnly proclaim ahddecure t'Hhat these U.
States are-free and independent!' Thaf they are ab
solved from all allegiance! towards the Mexican gov
ernnlent, andjthat all connexion .between them has
ceased, is and ought to be entirely dissolved. And
consequently as free and independent ,Satesfwe have
the right to levy troops of war, make pejace, form al
liances, establish commerce, and perform any other
act or thing which appertains of light to, free" and
independent States And tp bustain this declaration,
with a firm reliance uph Divine Providence, we
mutually pledge, to each other, our Ives, our for
tunes, andour sacred honor. 4 : "" I
Wehaie drawn the Agword and thrown-away the
scabbard Now's thedaytofl Death to yrahts.i,-i
There "are some' other j interesting ; jjatticulars in
the news from Mexico, fbf which we "have riot space
Jri full detail, in The Commercial ofio-dayr It is j
said that there is a projecjj oo'foot-. foChe' return of
Santa Anna. There is a' rumor of dijfficulties be
tween the United States and Mextco-put, without
v ....... - i f . 1 1 -
foundation" we guess.' The report arises from the
arrival of the United States frigate Saratoga, at Sac
rificio, on tnel3rh inst. 'jj'- f f-'-'!-r-'4-- V-
iU:-r FAST ftTS...: I X.Z .
The first white child; :Hid in North America was
Virginia, daughter of Aonoriias and Eleanor .Dare,
and grand-daughter of Gov. John, Whip. She was
born on the iSiK of August, 1597. in Roanoake.
? qrth Carolina. . Her . pabnts, were of the expedi
tion sent out by, .Sir Wahjplr. Rajleigti, " ir that year.
There is no record of her l history, savp that of her;
. V. : . Ivl-jo 1 :.--: -!'- . , '
.. The first, minister who pycaclipd e gospel m
NorthAme.rica, was Robert Hunt, of t le 'hurch of
England, an exemplary manj; who came out in the
same company with Capi-Johh 4 Smith in the year
1607. t : Was much esieeraed as"a man q'f peace, and
wa s in many, ways useful to the i cplaity. There . is
no, record of his deajhor b. jj'is returp Ho England ;
.he died at Janieslownv - Ilchad a good library which
was burnt with all his other property,'' ia the burning
of Jamestown, the next winter after hjej'came out.
The first females' who -tame o Virgpnia proper,
were Mrs. Forrest arid herknaid, "Anne : Burns, in tha
expedition of NewpqTt,l608.? The firs marriage;
Virginia was in the same year-fJnhn L.pydon to An-
ne Burns.
The ceremony pas probably
by the -same
" good master Hunt." m j. i
The first intermarriage between the whites and
Indians was, J?hn Rolfe -to Pocahontas, in April,
lb!3r Pocahpntas-vwas'also Uhefirst ofi the Virgin
ia Iriaians thatf embraced Cjhristianltyl Ind was bap
tized. jimn :j
The first legislative assembly in Virginia met in
July; 16l9t the summonk orGov.Go! Yeardley.:
Une montn later, negroes were nrsr orougm imu me
colony, by a Dutch man of war. ; j
, The first periodical in North America was the Bos
ton Newsletter, which rajade its appearance in Au
gust, ,1705." The first in the Old Dominion was the
Virginia' Qazette, pub&shei at Williamsui-g, by Wil
fiamParks; weklv, at seVeri shillings.i'It appeared
in 1736. and was long, the only papef" Ipublished fn
the coipny. V .fiivery-'preceded 'jthe'nodlcal press
Hi years.. , . , .. . f .1 .i.Ni ... ... I .
"The Blue Ridge was first crossed by whites iri the
yearUli. . t . fJ ' L"
; The first iron, furnace erected in Noirth America
was by Gov. S pott swbod,1n'l75r)T Iff Sp6ttsylvahisi
'1
'. ' ' Tho' T.of n.no nf Yr virion t TrH-
' An Interesting account of the closing ; scenes . irt
the life of the rate President is given bf a Nashville
correspondent of . the New iVoil Herald. - Mr. Pplk's
fatal illness, it appeafs, was induced by over-exertion
while arranging the details of his spaci Jus mansion,
and more directly by the lbor of placing , the books
in his large library. , For the first, three days his
complaint (chronic diarrhea,) which was with him
of many 'years' t tanding excited no alarm but the
disease barHing'all the skill Of. his medical ? advisers,
other aid was called inj jbut to no purpose. Mr.
Polk continued gradually sink from- day to day.
The disease was checked tpon him foul days: before
his death, but his constitution! was so "weakened that
there did not remain t recnjrcrative energy enough in
the system for healthy reactkm. iHa sank away to
slowly and insensibly that jitrwas eight purs before
he died after the heavy dealb respirations commen
ced. He died without a struggle,' simpry ceasing jo
breathe,na when deep and quiet sleep falls upon a
weary man.., ' . J . . J - - :-
s; About half an hour preceding, his dewb his vene
rable mother entered the rioom, and kneelipg by his
bedside offered; Tap a beautiful jprayer, prjw scene
wasr suiklngly Jmpressivejj Major Polk, the Presi
dent's :brotherwasalso by Juedside, j with other
tnembers of the family. j. ...rrj 6: . 1 1 1 ,
u On tbe suceeedipg ; day the bddy lay Vh state and
thejnansion war eyerywheretoudediin black.
Masonic ceremonies were rformed o
before it jvasencofiined. The cpfiin bote the simple
inscription : J. K. j Polk :J5ornNoyer, 1795 :
biedJuneJ5ilS49.',! ' PS ' f t A
The body was deposited In the Grundy vaul t.tem
porarily; but it wUl jsoon beemovfd td a vault on
the lawn of The ex-Presidential mansionjwhere a
willow now stands, and oveHt will be erected a sute
Iy. marble cenotaph thus the bodyf tbe President
from Tennessee will lie entombed ia-the heart of its
Capitair- MrrPoIlr;l)y will, -theverrifrg-before bis
keath, gave the lawn to the State, in perpetuity, for
this purpose. j
' Mr. PoIkWnt for Rev: Dr. Edar, of theTrcsby
terian Church, seven! days before his death, desiring
lo be baptised by him lie said to him Irfipressi vely t
4 Srr, if I had suspected twenty-y para-ago that I i
should come to my death-b d unprepared, it would
have made me a wretched man ; I amabout to die
and. .have., no jnadej. preparation, JLh2v fl,I?
been baptised. , Tell me, sir, can mere oe any grounu
fr a man thus situated, to hope t" ;
1 The Rev. Doctor made known to him the assu
rances and promises ?f the gospel that mercifully run
parallel with man's life. ...... . I
Mr, Polk thtn remarked, that he had been prevent
eVfroui" baptism in infancy by some accidental oc
cirrence, that he hadl been several times strongly in
cjined to be baptised .'during his administration, but
that the cares and perplexities of public life hardly
rrave him time for thej solemn preparation requisite;
and so pfocraetinatlon had ripened into inaction,
when i: was now almost too late to act. In his con
versation with the Reverend clergyman, Mr. Polk
evinced zreat knowledge of the scriptures; which he
said he had read a great deal, and deeply reverenced,
as divine truth; in a! word, he was, theoretically a
christian.' " '( ;' ' ... ,' s '"" , , i ", ' . ".. . ,. !
The conversation fatiguing Mr. Polk'(Qo much for
I him to be then baptised, it was postponed, to take
piace tne next evening; dui iu iuc iuirnoi, i
President recollected that when he was Goyernorand
lived here, he used to hold many argunients with the
Rev. Mr. McFerren, the talented and popular Meth
odist minister of the place, his Warm personal and
political friend ; and that he had promised him that,
:- 's ; . ..-.'. !
when heiid embrace .Christianity that lie, the liev.
Mr. McFerren, should baptise him. He therefore,
sent for Rev. Dr. Edgar, made known this obliga
tion, and expressed his intention to be baptised by
his friend. the Methodist minister. The f ame day the
venerable Blj-s. Polk, mother ot the Jex-President, a
very pious Presbyterian lady, arrived .from herrefci
dence, forty miles dists-nf, accompanied by her own
pastor, hoping that her distinguished son would con
sent to be baptised by him.i ' i
" Mother," said the dying ex-President, taking her
affectionately by 'the hapd: " I have never In my life
disobeyed you, but you must yield to your son now,
and gratify myisfies. . I piust.be baptised, by the
Rev, Mr. McFerren."
His mother, wise as she is pious, did not' hesitate
iq give, her consent ; and in the presence of the Rev
Dr. Edgar, and the Kev, Air. MacK, oi oouimoia,
the ex President received the rite of1 bapiiins at the.
hands of thellev. jilr-LlVIcFerren. , "
Mr. Polk has died worth about one hundred thou
sand dollars," the bulk jo f which is settled upon 'his
amiable lady, who, it is to be hoped, , will long make
this city her abode-j-an ornament to its society, for
all Hps do praise her.' " "
FOR THE COMMERCIAL.
; 1 Pixtrv vVooo 'June 20th 1849:
'Mr. Editor : Dear Sir: There is scarce a num
ber of your respectable paper arrive-, but on perusing
the same, I find emblazoned Proscriptibn Pro
scription office and spoils charged by the so call
ed Democratic Journals and their Battery against
the present administration and its friend?."' Being
a silent observer of matters as they genefally'pass, I
can but think from the; present, ' indications and de
termined spirit of our so called 'Democratic Breth
ren, that 'office and spoils wort strongly on their af
fections, where their lumbers, the majority, gives
the Ascendency. Here is a .picture : A gentleman
from.BIack River, Dr. Simpsojt, who is well atquain
ted in many of the pvecihets, and whose character
f)V veracity are undoubted, where known (a Demo-
fciat)-but who spoke well of ihe old Hero of Buena
v isia,. oomiy asserts mar ne is ueierminea 10 main
tain theRepublican spirit, providing he does not re
ceive from certain Cliq les a Singlcvote;lhat officers
from, the people are their property their rights
and not hereditary an i calls on his fellew citizens
to sustain and help him, by giving a long and strong
pull in his behalf for the office of County Court
Clerkship ;t that a change is necessary for public
goodj and tliere should be. no. monopoly among the
free L . ' , " . :
, S. R. BtjNTiKG. has duly announced ; himself as
candidate for the office pf Superior Court Clerkship,
and assigns, his reasons : public offices are public
gifts, and should not 1 e manoppltzcd .by any set of
jnenwhigs or democra ;s, and the present incumbent
(so says report) doth ndt attend to the duties only by
L an indirect way 1 and it the people, are troubled by
la wand, expense to elect a man to the trust, he should
obey, and if incompetent, resign outright, "not em
ploy, 3 Deputy already.vW ell . fattened and divide the
spoils.. So the news goes. ; , : ;
uMrBis a young niaij "ot some information in. af
fairs, :being. Deputy uhder our present SherirT; and
doing business, &c cjiaracter unippeachable ; his
friends, to a. man, will sustain mm. As for the oU
fiqe of Sheriff,, and the presen t incurnbent : the voice
Avi th one accord is, " wpll done thou good and faith
ful, servant ;? he; retires with a wish,? long may he
live; it is to be filled. I y some 10 or IS persons; many
more inames are suggestedand some... may qorae in
at;tho eleventhTiourjBph what a shaking among the
dry bonesjfor office 'anosppiK. .Pcrhsps after the
.contest is over they will remember the words save
me from my friendsV PlNE.yOODS f
'' r': ,! '. i i " .'.j.,-.,. I t7r? i i-. ?. It" i
(rOR THCOMMEBCIAb. a) ' . 1
Pitt8oro,j June, 16tli, 1818, ; i
- Mr. Lobing: l Si .'--Unless y6ur t Demo
cratic reiders have a more-morbid taste than
I attribute to them, they are by this Mime
sick , artd tired of the fury,J lrHh,' wailing
and lamentations' with which 'the Washing
ton Union i et ad j omne genus?' have for
months abounded, on the Rubject of pros
cription ' the guillotine another bead off
the axe in motion-j victims niartyr?;,, fee.,
dec. Wonder if the thinking portion of them
are notf beginning to. conclude that there was
some reality in General Taylor's" declaration,
that ' he would ask io favors and shrink from
nof responsibilities.fAs to Father Ritehie,
however, aud his numerous echoes, great and
small-
tnevrscem to oe panic struck thev
doubtless think a cris is upon, them . .Agl
4L?i - : : .i r "'
tation, excitement, confusion, passions. Jashed
into madness; and tempests raised in teapots,
constitute the machinery, wkhovil which, they
cannot give importance, stage efiect, and pro
fits to tlieir sesqutpedaltan'stru ts: llatehould
Get?rf Taylor by his firmness, integrity
otism, ami tveU poised ailministrntion )
the corjnjry back to s slate of honct s
plicityahJ mofal rectitude. then their or
t!U
pation will be injured arid lience the
wttirh thty see. and the sound of fry wj ; '
we hea4 They Well know that Gen. tI
lor will- renin in serene in the midst of i "
ravings, but they hope to fcerp 4hecour.trv
a ferment, ami to push Ihemelvesnlon.'
the tide of party spirit. T3i:tl am wan,'.."
mg fronitny purpose, which is to $;iy. tUlf
.yourreatlcrs, democra t ic a ml u InV, n ro nn;
intifh absorbed in politics, crevufso?. cjic!,.
and foreign revolutions, they m ty perr..,
i fi.id. some Jnlercsl in pcrusir.g the -:;c0v 4
report, the copy xviucii I tcui p;j, ft
t iken from the original otncx 12 mo:.!!4
since, and is substantially, ii' not Ltcraily ro-.
reef. I drsire its publication. bccimi. " ,
piece of State hutory ; because il ronoorrji
subject which is now numing a geurrai m j
practical interest, and because I ur:i info-.
cd that it will be entirely arecaMo tjt;t
powers tliatbe. inasmuch as tlicy arc ai.j.
ious to make public the whole of our 8t.s
history on the subject of Internal Imj rovc
ment. - In order that your readers may propter
appreciate Mr. lufton 'suggestion, thst
jLhe s-tleof Mill scat ; ..;, Voulo
be of considerable value," permit mc tostas?
a few data, for which -I am- indebted ia
friend of intelligence and practicability,
one who is himself a large share holder, acj
active-manager in a prosperous Cotton Fac
tory ol many years standing. To drive
"Fa'ctor)''' Try steam, will Cost on au.nvcrtj
10 per Jay. X
If then atriadividual or a company 6hou!j
propose erecting a Factory, tlie 'induccmt.i
to locate it ou the river would be consilient,
ble, even if their water power could be hii
at $5 per day, or half of what steam wouii
cost. A still stronger inducement too, won!.;
be the facility afforded by the navigation) of
getting the law material and sending off th
manufactures. And now. il instead of 'j
ihls water power should be let out at t!,.
rates of only $2.50 per day. may not tliccm.-
elusion be considered as a moral cerlaiutv,
. . . . .. , , , .
. i . - j. : ...... i . i
mai. most oi me iuture.imjiroveiueui.soi ma.
ki;ui i:i the! -Slate, will concentrate on tin
line. For it should not be overlooked, thai
'these sites' are-nenrly all of them so far inth
interior as to be iu the region whieh is iinlis
putably healthy, and in uliich provisions
all Kinds are abundant and cheap, ami hdiif
Vey Jow. ', ' - - . J '..
Well, the contemplated d.int are. to be n
tirely water light, eo that scarcely a drop
will leak through therrr; and ihe water how
to i be ' flowing through the locks except when
the, boats are p:issing. In this view, m.iy'it
not . be aAjy said -.that eight tenth ol the
whole volume oi the river can be .spared to
Factories. j And to how many large cI.im
Factories would this atTord motive power?
Perhaps to twenty, ' or a dozen, certainly to
half a dozen. But if we assume'-tint the
vCape IfearwHl be sufficiently laxid by fiu-
at each dam, and Deep Uiycr by only two a:
each darn, and tliat only half, of that-nunuV
should be erected, you will still find tlmttbcv
will 1 a IFo rd 'at the rates of $2,50 per day fur
each onc an income of 'something over $20
000. Bat each one, may make the lealftila
tion for himself, when I state that there are
to be tcn.dam8on the Cape Fear, and live
on Deep v River. The' aOove t sum, let it be
remembered is ten per cent on the wlicl.'
capital stock of $200,000. Mr. Fuhon madt
other reports on this river both to the Com
missioners 'of Internal Improvement ami !.'
the Directors of the Cape Fear Navigatiar,
Company,-but the enclosed one will perhaps
he the most interesting and useful at present:
REPORT,;
On the Cape Fear Hirer and JuiyeUtrilk
Canal, tothe Commissioners for Jnknud
Improvement in th e State of Worth Caro
lina, by HAMILTON FULTOS, tVr
Engineer to the State, . r.
Gentlemen: The first thing I turned
ray attention tov after my departure from
Ratetgn, on the 25th of August was an ex
amination of the Cape Fear Iliver; from tlf
conflux of the Deep and Haw Kivetf
Campbelton. ..
From Haywood to the Buck Horn
the obstructions, in the river are trivial.--There
are two fish traps, the one above m
otherbelow Far'row Island, which will re-
.quire a,sman cipeo "" .-o - ,
and along that side of Farrow's Island whicS
vnration purposes, IWT
? -.j.-., M ralta? nt rata-
.are .several c"?l""r,i "Z i -J
er more than six miles irora najwwu, r
are oa the left srde of the river a number oi
small Islands: Between these and the Ji
bank the channel, is narrow-it is in due
these channelrthtj navigation is
be taketl. to avoid the difficulty of ha . Bjrt.
Horn fails.! Where this channel dega
from the main river a dara.or mlayer w p:
constructed, in order that a sufficiency ot
water may be alforded ibr the nayigatjo
-There have been several dams built oelvv"j
the Islands lo confine the water to'.iwprop
course, and .a considerably extensive ck
built above Mr! Branson's mill for the i pj.
pose of sending back water aslar as tne i...
layer. While on this t part of the work
could r.ot help expressing my fears, rio tw
stai.ding the great exfense which has
iiicuf red1, that the dams would not nji (j
water in the channels sufficiency .kh,n
renderit navigable without an additwna
beiug expended on blasting the rock on
the bottont. : I had not a levelling inrtiua f
with me to ascertain the fact, and even
had had one it will not be enajta dycide
til the efTectof the inlayer is seen.
Mr. Branson's mill for the distanct , of a
a canal has been cut, but which .has been
ecuted in a very unworkmanlike mam
and the excavatad aoil has been turown