PACK*
African
k
- ? 'A> '
Gr<
African
s
For centuries, the savannah
scene of great empires such a
The earliest of these empires
third or fourth century and fell 1
Ghana empire was original!;
'Ghana' was said to be a title
means "War Chief."
As from about the 7th centui
title of the king - Kaya Maghan <
and eventually, Kaya or Ghana
the empire.
Chronologically, Ghana came
but was first marked on th<
predominantly a black empire
were members of the Mande !
The growth of Ghana Empire
empire. People came to the eir
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nuiiu in ijucai ui guiu ana 01
Muslim writer in, the ten centu
was actually visible on the grour
silk. These two commodities pr<
empire's projects and wars.
The wealth of Ghana attracte
Berber traders of the Sahara. Th
Islam after the Arab conquest.
In the moments of her gloi
soldiers.
In the tenth and eleventh cer
with an impressive system of:
Court of Justice
Court of Appeal, and
An imperial cabinet.
Among other factors, the fall
a result of the neglect of tradi
values made their ways only to
while the peasants and rural f
. There was no central orientat
empire together seemed to hi
prowess and resources and in<
seemed to have led to the negle
hence her fall.
At ...
adovc all, there was no clearl
to the throne. The net result of
wiicncvct a king died, the cmp
in infighting and intrigues and
day.
Because of her wealth, Ghana
_ from without.
Eventually Ghana was c
disintegrated.
tJnliko nthrr Wn?.i
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creation of military action alone,
military action and partly a ere;
iradc. In the end she was des
products which played importa
Ghana were iron, gold, copper
"V
Spotlight j
eat
Empires
: :
areas of the Suddan were the
s Ghana, Mali, and Songhai.
Ghana-was founded about the
finally in the thirteenth century.
I lr*t/\inn A" A " ?- '" - *
y miuwii aa nuumu. 1 116 word
which was later applied and it
*y, people started to attach the
(King of the gold) to the empire
replaced Aoukia as the name of
into existence in about 300 A.D.
e map by 830 A.D. It was
peopled by the Soninkes who
speaking people,
was linked to the wealth of the
ipire from all parts of the then
her profitable merchandize. A
iry reported that Ghana's gold
id. Besides gold, there was also
ovided revenue for most of the
d North Africans as well as the
ese people had earlier accepted
y, Ghana could field 200,000
ituries, Ghana was being ruled
(.
t
of Ghana empire came about as
tional values and norms. New
the urban areas of the empire
oiks were neglected. ?
ion. And the ability to keep fhe
ive depended on her military
crease in the empire's wealth
jet to the empire's basic values
ly defined method of succession
this kind of situation was that
;rc was systematically enguffed
instability was the other of the
was in ennslnnt thmnf nf
. .w>xa t 111! VHt V/| UtIUVIX
onqucrcd and the empire
e empires, Ghana was not a
, Ghana was partly a creation of
ition of economic advantage of
troyed by both for among the
nt role in the rise and fall of
and salt.
N.E.
The Winston-Salem Chronicle
Data Predi
_________________
A possible major earthquake
in the Wilmington area
within the next decade is
suggested by existing data,^I
according to some geologists.
Although the most sever
effects of such a quake^would
than 500 miles around and
could be felt as far away as
Kansas, Canada and Cuba,
they say. /
Professors David M. Stew
art and David E. Dunn of UNC
and S. Duncan Heron of Duke"1
have just completed a study of
their findings and recommendations
which they are
submitting to the U.S. Atomic
Energy Commission (AEC)
this month.
In it they urge the AEC to
order scientific studies to be
made that will definitely
determine if a quake is
imminent in that area before
plans for the?new nuclear
plant owned by the-Carelina?
Power & Light Company
(CP&L), just south oi .
Wilmington, go further.
CP&L is aware of the
unusual features of this area,
the geologists say, but have
indicated they will do nothing
about it unless ordered to do
so by the AEC.
"Although we are recom
mending a complete and
thorough re-evaluation of the
potential seismic hazard near
Wilmington," the geologists
qfl V 4 4 u;p a rp tint en rtr?orti*?r?
WJ y " v V HV/I JUg^VJllll^
that CP&L alter its scheduled
plans to open and operate a
nuclear plant in this area.
Though ominous, the warning
signs are not conclusive. It
may be that in a few years the
region could be given a 'clean
bill of seismic health."
It would be irresponsible,
they say, to assume that
outcome, however, and ignore
\mt
n-J \ ?
\ \ 1
\ cos"^
\ - \M St
Phone your order in to:
The w
2208 1
v
icts N.C. Ej
the possibility for the kind of
disaster that occurred in
Charleston, S.C. in 1886,
which was the second most
intense earthquake in U.S. history.
The geologists are recomelevation
changesj/character-isitics
of ground wYter in the
area which show unusually
high salt content, high
temperatures and high pressures
? which could be
In MMM#
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irthquake
expected to accompany the
build-up of stresses in rocks
prior to aiT earthquake, and
the earthquake history of the
area.
The cost of the AEC studies
could run into several hundred
thousand f^^itgrsi^jjhy,, ag"1" ?-?potential
cost of not preparing
for an earthquake catastrophe
and the actual cost of the
nuclear power plant itself, the
price of these investigations
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