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Chronicle Profile
^^The Businesswoman's Businesswoman
I f
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Elizabeth Dolton
Elizabeth Dalton is a
businesswoman in the
business of . helping
others.
"I am an ettperi-
ment,” she says, 'The
idea of having a special
department to advise
women in business
originated here.”
“Here” is Winston-
Salem's office of the
Mid-West Piedmont
Business Development
Organization, who
hired Ms. Dalton seve
ral months ago as a
special advisor to
women who want to
succeed in business.
“Most businesses
run by women are
small—beauty salons,
florist shops,” she
explains. “And for
most women a business
is for survival-not a
livelihood. ’ ’
She would tike to see
women become more
profitable in business,
to move from “scratch
ing and surviving’ ’ to a
large, prosperous or
ganization.
“We don’t lend the
money to start a
business,” Ms. Dalton
explained. “We do
management and feasi
bility studies, loan
packaging, things like
that.”
The Midwest Pied
mont Area Business
Development Organiza
tion, an affiliate of the
U.S. Department of
Commerce Office of
Minority Business En
terprise, is designed to
assist minority busi
ness people in organi
zing and operating a
business.
Ms. Dalton, a native
of Mocksville now
residing in Greensboro,
majored in business
administration at A&T
State University, with
further study at the
University of Nebraska
at Omaha. She has also
participated in pro
grams sponsored by the
U.S. Department of
Housing and Urban
Development.
Her job as advisor to
businesswomen takes
her to sixteen different
counties in the pied
mont.
“The most unusual
business I’ve dealt with
is a woman who wants
to start a worm ranch,’’
she says. “Women are
also going into contrac
ting, and last week a
woman came in with a
plan to open a
nightclub.”
How does a woman
get started in business?
First she decides
what she wants to do,
then she gets some
experience in that
field—banks frown on
dreamers with no
practical application-
then she must have
capital: 20% of the
amount she needs to
start the business.
If she has that much
going for her, Ms.
Dalton can smooth
some of the way by
advising her on how to
get a bank to lend her
the rest of the money,
and how to organize a
business and keep it
going.
Women are needed
in manufacturing, con
struction, wholesalers,
and distributorships,
she says. The old
service businesses, like
clothing stores and
beauty salons, offer
less opportunity be
cause there are so
many competitors.
“Of aU the business
es in North Carolina, I
would say less than
10% are owned by
black women,” says
Elizabeth Dalton.
rips For Consumers
Generic Vs. Brand Name Drugs
What does it mean
fhen your doctor writes a
irescription for a “gene-
ic” rather than a “brand
ame” drug? “Generic”
efers to the scientific
ame given to a drug;
brand name” is the
ame chosen by the
ompany that distributes
le drug. One drug may
ave several brand
ames, points out the
letter Business Bureau.
Buying a drug by its
eneric name, rather than
rand name may mean a
ubstantial savings to the
onsumer. Yet, some
ritics of this idea,
icluding pharmaceutical
ompanies and some
hysicians, says that
eneric drugs can be just
s costly as brand name
rugs.
Administration (FDA) has
begun a program of
batch-to-batch testing of
digoxin and now requires
manufacturers to submit
evidence of bioavailabdi-
ty-
Otherwise, only antibi
otics also are tested
batch-for-batch. If every
drug had to be tested in
this way, then generic
prescribing would be
totally impractical and
expensive.
Varying Drug Prices
How a Drug
Enters the Market
Chemical Equivalence vs.
Therapeutic Value
It is possible that the
ame drug may vary in
uality from one manufac-
jrerto another. Also, say
dvocates of brand-
ames, even though two
rugs are chemically
quivalent, containing the
ame amounts of the same
ctive ingredients, they
lay not be therapeutically
quivalent. Because of
lactive ingredients, it can
e argued that aU generic
rugs are not equally
ffective.
A drug’s therapeutic
quivalence is measured
y its “bioavailabihty,”
le amount of the
roduct’s active ingredi-
nt that is absorbed into
le bloodstream to per-
irm its function. Critics
f generic labeling claim
lat buying a drug under a
eneric name is risky,
ecause that drug may
iffer in bioavailability
om one of another
lanufacturer.
One highly potent drug,
hose generic name is
igoxin, was found to vary
insiderably in bioavaila-
lity. The Food and Drug
A drug manufacturer is
given a 17-year patent,
including years of re
search, for a particular
drug. The manufacturer
then must submit the drug
to the FDA’s standards of
safety and effectiveness.
When the drug finally
enters the market, it still
is under patent and the
manufacturer enjoys ex
clusive rights over its sale.
It may sell to several
companies.
One reason for the
current surge of interest
in generic prescriging is
that the patents are
lapsing for many drugs.
However, notes the Better
Business Bureau, other
companies are rarely as
successful in selling the
drug as the original
company. This is because
the drug has become
popular under a certain
brand name.
In addition to millions of
dollars spent annually on
research, drug companies
also spend large sums in
advertising their drugs to
medical students and
doctors. Doctors become
accustomed to prescribing
by a particular brand
name. Even after the drug
is “off patent,” and other
companies create compe
tition, some physicians,
out of product loyalty and
habit, may continue to
prescribe by the brand
name of the original
seller.
Brand name advocates
argue that the high price
of drugs “on patent” is
necessary to pay for both
the initial and on-going
research to develop even
better drugs. They also
note that drug prices
actually have increased
very little in the past 10
years, compared to com
modities such as food or
clothing.
Stdl, drug prices have
become a consumer issue
because, as the median
age of our population
rises,’ more people are
needing regular medica
tion for chronic ailments
of “old age.” Also,
medical research has
foimd drugs for conditions
previously untreated or
treated less effectively.
It is no secret that drug
prices vary widely—even
in one city, according to
one Federal Trade Com
mission study which
showed a price difference
of $16.50 to $2.95 for one
drug. Because a drug
manufacturer may sell to
several different compa
nies who may each attach
YWCA Holds Mothers Meeting
their brand names, the
prices may vary even in
one drug store.
A New Mothers Collec
tive will hold an organiza
tional meeting at the
YWCA Glade Street
building on ’Tuesday,
September 13, at 10:00
a.m.
The purpose of the
and discussion of common
concerns, adjustments,
and feelings of new
parents. Meetings of the
Collective will include
programs by professionals
and informal discussion
groups.
Mrs. David Lockman
serve as coordinator for
the Collective.
The New Mothers
Collective is free and
open
to all expectant mothers
and mothers of children
up to twelve months of
age.
Comparison shopping
for drugs is becoming
wise, says the Better
Business Bureau. Yet, not
all states allow the posting
of prescription drug pri
ces. So, the BBB suggests
Collective is to provide a homemaker and mother of
place to share information two young daughters, will
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that consumers ask tnen
doctor to prescribe by the
generic name, when
possible. And, in some
states, pharmacists are
allowed to make substitu
tions for the prescribed
brand name.
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