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Civil Ri&h
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Demonstrations to end lunoh counter segregation
began in February 1960 and ended thr^months later as
major?downtown arug stores desegregated their
counters. By January 1964 Winston-Salem was an open
city with those, refusing to serve to blacks being the
exception.
The Winston-Salem Chapter of the NAACP was
instrumental in bringing out - numerous changes
including desegregation of recreational facilities and
. racial discrimination in hiring.
In 1962 two NAACP leaders., Dr. J. Raymond Oliver,
Jr. and Dr. F. W. Jackson, demanded that Reynolds
Park Skating rink be desegregated. The rink was a pub
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lie raciitty and they thought it should be desegregated.
A Goodwill Committee was* appointed to study
demands for desegregating Reynolds Park Skating
rink. Dr. Kenneth Williams, Rev. Jerry Drayton and
Attorney Curtis Todd were the blacks on the
committee.
The Committee was first set up in I960 to meet
problems arising From the sit-ins. The second
committee was set up after blacks tried to integrate the
skating rink and the third during the summer of 1962
after blacks successful attempt to integrate the city's
swimming pools and? cei tain other-park facilities.
Panthei
Malloy: Organizer
jisonMalloy happening in the communiI
got involved in the ty, and what could be done
Black Panther Party in if anything to alleviate
1969. Leading up to my some of the "conditions of
involvement, I was a stu- police brutality, indecent
dent at Winston-Salem housing, there was a lot of
?University!?I -worked -one -ControvenTjrwittT tJre^schooh
summer in a program with system, with the Ku Klux
other college students that Klan running around^ unworkec"
different cities employment and those
around North Carolina, things.
Low-income neighbor- Just an informal group of
hoods., and basically we guys. There were some
were trying to organize guys in Greensboro there
around welfare rights, un- were with A&T, and had
paved streets, unemploy- belonged to the Black Panment,
just organize people ther Chapter in New York. I
and help them to get things forget whit exactly hapthey
were entitled to by pened but we made contact
being citizens of the United with them and they gave us
Stales. some of the idealogy, some
After this particular sum- books, and we started from
mer, this program had a that particular point there.
profound effect on me. I a ser^es of ra^"
worked in Goldsboro, N.C., lies, wherebout we would
and ran into a lot of people g? into a neighborhood
who had no indoor plumb- where we would speak in
ing. Three or four families open fields or in the streets,
would have to use the same At that particular time we
spigots outdoors^ This was wore black* berets, black
1968. Streets weren t paved jackets and we openly earin
the neighborhoods and ried weapons, shot guns,
the only type of employ- 'rifles which were legal weament
black people had, like pons. This drew attention
they worked in the tobacco to the group in Winston-Safields.
This was seasonal lem.
work and for the most part As a result of these
they were unemployed. meetings, we would tell
This put something in my - people what our platform
mind. I needed to do some- program was and this drew
- thing immediately to help attention with our dress
_my people. So about a year and the manner which we
later, I became involved carried ourselves; they had
with the Black Panther never seen this before.
Party. We were trying to say
The Black Panther Party that black people had a
started in Winston-Salem right, a constitutional right,
in the summer of 1969 so I to bear arms and that it was
got in Almost from the legal. That was the basic
beginning. There was a message we were trying to
bunch of guys here in get across, tnat we would
Winston-Salem who had defend ourselves, that we
organized themselves or would no longer be subject
were talking about organiz-^ to attacks^ physical attacks
ing themselves to do some- of abuse.
thing in the black commu- Contrary s to beliefs of
nity. ? most people, the Party has
i was in that particular never been a mass mem7~I,,g*
Q" tefSTtifr afiganlzatluri. Nry"***7
typt' iff grrmp jwSffl
sit down and talk. about
different things that were See Pmge 8
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1960-70: Tht
This week the Roots of Black Winston-Salem
-covers the turbulent 60's. This was the time that
the Civil rights movement was in full swing. There
were sit-ins, demonstrations and a new change in
tne way of life for blacks. *
During this time many restaurants, hotels and
stores previously closed to * blacks were now
opening their doors, some quite reluctantly.
This week the Chronicle talked to Carl Russell,.
Sr. a long time alderman and leader in the
community. He talks about his stay on the board
and the changes he has witnessed in Winston-^
Salem through the years.
Russell also talks about his past political career
and his plans for the future in politics. Russell gave
up his seat to ruiTfor mayor, afld aTthougfr he won
? in the primary, he lost in. the run-off. During the
ts Movement
* CT
In 1963 blacks were able to integrate a park and two
swimming pools in the summer of 1963 without arrests.
* Wmston-Salem cornimred^to operate Its pools despite a
1 t p m nririni ? -? ?1.1 * ~ -aa 1
ivuuuiuii in wiiuc auenaance.
In the area of employment biacks were hired at
Hanes Hosiery, a firm they had never been employhed
above the level of maids and janitors. It was in 1963
that Gordon Hanes, _ president of Hanes Hosiery
announced that the Company would hire blacks as
machine operators.
Winston-^alem had the highest percentage of
Negroes employed in manufacturing of any city in the
South, and blacks had the highest family incomes in the
area.
According to the 1960 census, tHe median family
income for blacks was $3,254. Twenty-two per cent of
.22 per cent of the black families earned over $5000
.the median years of school completed for blacks
were 7.8 years
.8.9 per cent had some college education
.12 per cenfof the work force workedirTwhitecollar
jobs.
EDUCATION
The Winston-Salem school system integrated in 1957?
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i Civil Rights
The Chronicle also explores the involvement ot
two leaders of the Black Panther Party. We talked
to former leader Nelson Malloy and recorded his
experiences as a Black Panther. We also talked to
Larry Little, former Black Panther leader and
presently alderman of the North Ward. Excerpts
from their taped interviews were used.
We also took a look at 'the demise of Kate Bitting
Reynolds Hospital as a hospital, and the additional
role the NAACP played in- the Civil Rights
Movement in Winston-Salem.
During the 60's in Winston-Salem blacks made
political as well as economical gains. In the mid
60's there were three blacks on the school board
compared to none today.
We also examined the~effect the consolidation of
the city-county schootsjhad on blacks.
: begat Chan;
when they granted one of four transfer requests which
they had received from black students. Desegregation
upon request continued^through to the^%3^>4 school
year.
Three of the eight requests received in 1958 were
granted. During the 1962-63 school year only 19 black
pupils attended previously white public shcools. The
transfer policy permitted granting transfers only when the
black student lived closer to a white school thanlo-a
black school he was attending. All white pupils
attending an integrated school had the option oT
transferring out.
Winston-Salem and Forsyth County schools consolidated
in Januarv 1963. The countv school ?vstpm u/hirh
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included all students living outside the city of
Winston-Salem was integrated. The great geographic
area of the county had created genuine hardships on
black children.
4
The city-county school board had three members,
one-fourth of the 12-man board. This was the highest
ratio of blacks to whites on any major North Carolina
governmental board or commission.
The newly constituted board then changed assignment
policies to allow any pupil to attend the school
nearest his home without special board approval. trr~
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The Chrooicic, Saturday Marcfe 24, 1979- P?f? 5
Movement 1
up our Roots of Black Winston-Salem. This series
would not have been possible without the
assistance and cooperation of those who have made
information available to us. We hope that you have
found the Roots of Black Winston as interesting
and enlightening as we have.
We hope we have helped to uncover the untold
story and expounded on information that had been
neglected in the past.
Next week we will close with the 70's and try to
examine the progress blacks have made since
colonial times. Whether we have progresses or
regressed is still a question left to be answered.
jIf you have history that you would like to share, , "I
let us recorcTiTtirour last installment
information that we have on the history of black 1 ~
5e in W-S
1964 the .board approved the assignment of all first
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graaers \o tne scnoois nearest their homes without
During the 1964-65 school year, 13 out of 42
elementary schools in the county were integrated.
KATE BITTING REYNOLDS MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
By 1959 most of Winston-Salen^s top leaders had
agreed that a new hospital was needed in the area. To
construct a new hospital would require a substantial
increase in the city's bond indebtedness. The bonds
would have to be submitted to the county's voters in a
referendum. * _
There was some difficulty in securing the black vote
because the white^leaders would not state that the new
hospital would be integrated.
Instead a plan was devised to offer blacks the City
Memorial Hospital in exchange for support by blacks.
"The city hospital had been condemned as a hospital
and they wanted to give blacks a condemned hospital," J
said Dr. F. W. Jackson a NAACP - leader. ?
"The NAACP fought it."
R1 3pVc 11' r> ro finallti n ~ Ul ? ~ t- L ! a _ 1 _ I ?
w.xvnd nviv 11IIU1IJ piuiilistu O 1ICW UlttCK UU$pil<llS 111
exchange for suppdrt. The bond carried and plans were
~~macteTo build Forsyth Memorial Hospital.
of Party
Little: Manchild
tS
I played a role. My role in I loved it all because I
he community was not to had read Malcolm, I had
:ake no s--t. Was to enforce read Mao Tse-Tung, I had
the demands of the black read Kwame Nkrumah.
community, even if it Lord, it just blew my mind.
meant putting my life on 1 said hey 1 have to be a part
the line, and many times I of these (black people), and
jusohat;? ? r it was that thmfrtharmad^=
When I couldn't gradu- nie attracted to the Panate
from high school my thers.
senior year, I left town in \ saw a couple of guys I
1969, and went to New knew. I sAiri rm/ ran 1 ir*i?
, - ? V > V VMli A JVliJ
York. And when I got up Up, man?' They told me it
there I read the autobiogra- just wasn't that easy and to
phy of Malcolm X. When I check with them. So I would
read Malcolm's autobiogra- check with them. And the
phy things seemed clear for next thing they had a
me. I was conscious that I meeting, it was on a Sunwas
black. I had partici- day at a church on Thurpated
in the riots. Basically mond Street. Homes MeI
was an athlete at a white thodist Church, and they
school and because I felt I said, come on and join,
had been exploited, I was I joined on May 19, which
upset. was Malcolm's birthday. I
After reading Malcolm's started going to the politiautobiography,
I pursued cai education meetings,
an intellectual campaign of an(j \ was what' you call a
my own, educating myself, pit, a Panther in training.
I was like a dry sponge that At the political education
you pour water on, I soaked meetings they would go
it up so quick. I learned to over the red book, Mao
jse my mind, my imagina- Tse-Tung's quotations, I
tion and creativeness. had read it so I knew it.
I finally after six months So they said, YouV a
3r so came back to Win- pretty well-read brother but
ston-Salem, where I had s^\\\ remains to be seen
begun to read all the time, how tough and how strong
Then 1 got a job^at Hanes yOU are. So we had tramps
1 t *? *
i^yc anu nnisn, l jngt we would go lip on
job, probably because I was Paisley's football field and
in the'Panthers.* work out and train for
Once I was reading in my hours. Start at 7 o'clock in
room, like I usually did, I ^e morning and work until
would read for hours at a 12. We would be walking
time. At about 4 o'clock 1 on our stomachs, doing
got up to take a walk. I was running drills; we would
Staying with my mom. run for four miles and it
When I turned the corner a was that sort of thing.
girl came running to me \ was very good physicalsaying,
"There's black men jyt good athletic person; I
with shot guns, them black could dp all the training so
men , with shot guns, people started admiring.
they're going to vtear up me> They brought me up
something." I said where? ancj macje me the LieutenShe
said down there at the ant 0f information. 1 sold
end of the street. t started papers! T was good at
running down there. Lo and selling papers.
behold 1 saw these black j was going to school at
brothers with these black Winston-Salem State, I wa*
gmfarw H&ncsi>yy P^l > ??~
in tb(-TT-t^ly44uuliuK Mai ^ni<;h ami it WHV^ftrnir^
colm, quoting Mao. Tse- ^
Tung, Nkrumah. Se? Page 6
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