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JVO 79
WILMINGTON, N. C: WEDNESDAY JULY i), 1834,
VOL 2. NO. ST.
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LIFE OF LAFAYETTE
Lafayette, Gilbert Motier, (formerly
marquis de,) was bom at Ohevagnac, near
Brioude. in Auverge, Sept. 6, 1757, was
educated in the College of Louis lp
Grand, in Paris, placed at court, as ah
othcer in one ot.the guards of honor, and
at the age' of 17, was married tolhe grand
danghterVof the Duke; of Noailles. It
was undervthose circumstances that the
young Mtfq'iiffde Lafayette entered up
on a career so little to be expected of a
youth of vast fortune, of high rank, of
powerful connexions, at the most brilliant
and fascinating court in the wbrld. lie
left France secretly, for America, in 17771,
and arrived at Charleston, South Caroli
na, April 25, being then 19 years old.
The state of this country, it is well
known, was, at that time most gloomy ;
a feeble army withouf clothing or arms,
was, with difficulty keptjogether before a
victoribusr enemy; the governrnent was
without resources or cjredit, arjd the A
merican agents in Paris were Uct ually oj
bliged to confess that they could" not fur
nish the young nobleman with a convey
ance. "Then," said he, "I will fit out a
vessel myself;" and he did so. j The sen
sation produced in this country, by hiar
rival, was verv oreat: it encouraged tht
almost disheartened people to hope for
succor and sympathy from one of the
most powerful nations in Europe. Im
mediately on his arrival Lafayette receiv
ed the oner of a command in the continen
tal army, but declined it, raised and equip
ped a body of men at his own expense
and then -entered the service as a yolun
teer. without pay. He lived in the i 'fami
ly of the commander, in chief, land won
his full affection and confidence'. ie
was appointed major-general in July, and
in September, was wounded at brandy
wine. He was employed in Pennsylva
nia and Rhode-Island in 1783,! ,and after
receiving the thanks of the country tot
his important services, embarked at Bosj
ton, in January, 1779, for France, wher
it was thought that he could assist the
cause more effectually for a time. The
treaty concluded between France and A
merica about the same period, was, by his
personal exertions, made effective in our
favor, and he returned to America with!
intelligence that a French force would!
soon be sent to this country Immediate
ly on his arrival he entered thj service,
and received the command of a body of
infantry of about 2000' men, which he
clothed and equipped, in part, at his own
expense His forced marches to Virgin
ia, in December, 178Q, raisingj 2000 gui
neas at, Baltimore on his own' credit, tc
supply the wants of his troops . his re
cue of RichmDnd; his long trial of gene
ralship with Cornwallis, who boasted thai
"the boy could not escape him ;" the siege
of Yorktown, and the storming of the re
doubt are proofs of his devotion to the
cause of American independence. Desi
rous of serving that rause at home, he a
gain returned to France for that purpose
Congress which had already acknowiedg
ed his merits on former occasions, now
passed new resolutions,' Nov. 23, 178 lj
in which, besides the usual marks of apj
probation,-they desire the American mint
isters to confer with him in their negoci
ations. In France, a brilliant reputation
had preceded him, and he was received
with the highest marks of public admira-J
tion. Still, he urged upon his govern
ment the necessity of negotiating vyiih a
powerful force in America, and (succeeded
in obtaining orders to this effect. On
his arrival in Cadiz, he found I 49 ships!
with 20,000 men, ready to follow him to
America, had not peace rendered it un
necessary. A letter from him communi
cated the first intelligence of that event to
Congress. 1 , . j
The importance of his services in
France may be (seen by consulting his
letters in the correspondence of the Aj
merican Revolution, (Boston, 1831.) He
received pressing invitations, however, to
revisit the countryi W ashington in particu
lar, urge( it strongly, and for the third time!
Lafayette landed in the United States,
Aug". 4, 1784. After passing a few days
at Mount Vernon, he yisited Baltimore
Philadelphia, New York, Boston, &cl
and was every where received j with the
greatest enthusiasm, and delight. Pre
vious to his return to France, (Congress
appointed a deputation, consisting of one
member from each State, to take leave of
him on behalf of the country, and assur
him that the United States regard him
with particular affection, and; will riot
cease to feel an interest in whatever may
concern his honor and prosperity." Af
ter his return he was engaged in endea
voring to mitigate the condition of the
Protestants in France, and to effect the abo
lition of slavery. In th assembly of the
.notables in 1787, he proposed the sup
pression of lettres de cachet, and of the
state prisons, the emancipation of the
Protestants, and the convocation of the
representatives of the nation. When ask
ed by the Count D Artois, (since Charles
X,) iffhe demanded the states-general, he
replied "Yes, and something better."
Being elected a member of the States
general, which took the name of Nation
al Assembly, (1789,) he proposed a decla
ration of rights, and the decree providing
for the responsibility of the officers of the
crown, Two days after the attack on the
Bastile, he vas appointed (July 15) com-
mander in chief of the National Guards
of Paris. The court and national assem
bly were still at Versailles, and the popu
lation of Paris, irritated at this, bad alrea
dy adopted, in sign of opposition a blue
and red cockade, (being the colors of trie
city of Paris!) July 26, Lafayette added to
this cockade the white of the royal arms,
declaring at the same time that the tri
color should go round! the world. On
the march of the populace to Versailles,
(October 5 and 6,) the National Guards
claimed to be led thither. Lafayette re
fused to comply with their demand, until
having received colors in the afternoon.
he set off, and arrived at 10 o'clock, after
having been on horseback from before
daylight He requested that the interior
posts of the chateau might be committed
to him ; but this requestj was refused, and
the outer posts only were entrusted to the
Naiional Guards. This wa3 the 'night
on which the. assassins murdered two of
the Queen's guards, and( were proceeding
to further acts of violence, when Lafayette
at the head of the national troops, put an
end to the disorder, and saved the lives
of the royal family. In !the morning he
accompanied them to Paris! On the es
tablishment of the Jacobin club at Paris,
he. organized, with Bailjy, then M tyor of
Pans, the opposing club ofjFeuillmns.
Jan. 20, 1790, he supported the motion
for the abolition of titles of iobility, from
which he renounced his own, and has
never since resumed it. j The constitution
of a representative monarchy, which was
the object of his wishes, was now propo
sed, and July 13t 17.90, was appointed for
its acceptance by the king of the nation,
and in the name of 4,000,000 National
Guards, Lafayette swore fidelity to the
constitution. Declining the dansrerous
power ot constable of France, or general
issimo of the national aruarcls of the king
dom, after having organized the national
militia,' and delended the king from pop
ular violence, he resigned all comm ind,
and retired to his estates. The first coa
lition against France, (1792,) soon called
him from his retirement. ! Being appoint
ed one of the three major generals in com
mand of the French armie.s, he establish
ed discipline, and defeatejd ihe enemy at
l'hmppevnie, lviauoege, j ana r lorennes.
when his career of success was interrupt
ed by the Domestic factions of his own
country. Lalayette openly denounced
the terrible Jacobins, in his letter of June
1 6, in which he declared that the enemies
of the revolution under the! mask of pop
ular leaders, were endeavoring to stifle
liberty under the excesses of licentious
ness. Xune 20, he appeared at the bar of
the assembly, to -vindicate his conduct,
and demand the punishment of the guilty
authors of the violence, j But the Moun
tain had already overthrown the constitu
tion and nothing could be effected, La
fayette then offered to conduct the King
and his family to Compiegne. This
proffer being declined he returned to the
the army, which he endeavored to rally
round. the constitution. June 30, he was
burnt in effigy at the Palais Royal, and
Aug. 5, was accused of treason before the
assembly. Still he declared himself o
penly against the proceedings of August
10; but finding himself unsupported by
the soldiers, he-determined to leave the
country, and take refuge on some neutral
ground. Some persons have charged
General Lafayette with a want of firm
ness at this period; but it is without a
full understandingofthe situation of things.
Conscious that a price j was set on his
head at home, knowing that his troops
would not support him against the princi
ples whit-.h were triumphing in the clubs
and the assembly, and sensible that, even
if he were able to protract the contest
with the victorious faction,) the frontiers
would be exposed to the invasion of the
emigrants and their foreign allies, with
whom he felt it treason against the nation
to have negotiated, he had no alternative.
Having been captured by an Austrian pa
trol, he was delivered to the Prussians,
by whom he was again transferred to
Austria. He was carried with great se
crecy to Olmutz, where he was subjected
to every privation and suffering and cut
off from all communication with his
friends, who were not even able to disco
ver the place of his confinement until late
in 1794. An unsuccessful! attempt was
made to deliver urn from prison by Dr.
Bollman, a German, and Mr. Huger,
(now Col. Huger, of Charleston, S. C.)
His wife and daughters however, succeed
ed in obtaining admission to him, and re
mained with him nearly two years, till
his release. Washington had written di
rectly to the Emperor of Atistna on his
behalf, without effect; but after the mem
orable campaign of Bonaparte, in Italy,
the French government required that the
prisoners at Olmutz, should be released,
which was done, 'Aug: 25, 1797, after a
negotiation that lasted three months.
' Refusing to take any part in the revo
lution of the 18th Fructidor, or the 18th
Brumaire, he returned to his estate at La
Gransre, and declining the dignity of Sen
ator which was offered him by Bonaparte,
he gave hi? vote against the consulate for
life; and taking no further part in public
affairs, devoted himself to agricultural
pursuits. On the restoration of the Bour
bbna,lin 1814, he perceived that their prin
ciples ofc government were not such as
France required, and he did net therefore
leave his retirement. The 20th of March,
1815, saw Napoleon again on the impe
rial tnrone, and endeavoring to conciliate
the nation by the profession of liberal
principles. Lafayette refused though urg
ed, through the mediation of Joseph, to
see Napoleon, protested against the acte
adiitinnel of - April 22, and declined the
peerage offered him by the emperor, but
accepted the place of representative, to
which the rotes of hisjfcllow citizens call
ed hiin. He first saw Napoleon at the
opening of the chambers: the emperor
receired him with great marks of kind
ness, to which, however, he did not re
spond; but, although he would take no
part in the projects of Napolean, he gave
his vote for all necessary supplies, on the
ground that France was invaded, and that
it was the duty of Frenchmen j to defend
their co'untry June 21. Napoleon re
turned from Waterloo, and it was under
stood that it was determined to dissolve
the house of representatives, and establish
a dictatorship. Two of his counsellors
informed Lafayette, that, in two hours,
the representative body would cease to
exist. Immediately on the opening of
the session, he ascended the tribune, and
addressed the house as follows "When,
for the first time, after an interval of ma
ny years, I raise a voice which all the
old friends of liberty still will recognize,
it is to speak of the danger of the country,
which you only can save. This, then, is
the moment for us to rally round the old
tricolored standard, the standard of 89, of
liberty, of equality, of public order, which
we have, now to defend against foreign
violence and usurpation." He then mov-'
ed that the house declare itself in perma
nent session, and all , attempts to dissolve
it high treason, that whoever should make
such an attempt, should be considered a
traitor to the country, &c. In the even
ing, Napoleon sent Lucien to the house
to make one more effort in his favor.---
Lucien, in a strain of impassioned elo
quence, conjured the house hot to compro
mise the honor of the French nation by
inconstancy to the Emperor. At these
words, Lafayette rose in his place, and,
addressing himself directly to the orator,
exclaimed, "Who dares accuse the French
Ration of inconstancy to the Emperor '
Throughout the sands of Egypt and the
wastes of Uussia; over fifty helds of bat
tle, this nation has followed him devoted
ly; and it i3 for this we now mourn the
blood of three millions of Frenchmen."
This appeal had such an effect on the
assembly, that Lucien resumed his seat
without finishing hi3 discourse.! A depu
tation of five members from each house
was then appointed to deliberate in com
mittee with the council of ministers. Of
this deputation. General Lafayette was a
member, and he moved that a committee
should be sent to the emperor to demand
his abdication. The arch chancellor re
fused to put the motion; but the emperor
sent in his abdication the next; morning,
(June 22.) A provisional government was
formed, and Lafayette was sent to de
mand a suspension of hostilities of the ar
mies, which was refused. On his re
turn, he found Paris in possession of the
enemy; and, a few days after, (July 8,) i
.i j r.i ' l 1
were closed, and guarded by Prussian
troops. Lafayette conducted a number
of the members to the house of Lanjuin
ais, the President, where they drew up a
protest against this act of violence, and J
quietly separated. Lalayette now retired
once more to LaGrange, where he re
mained till 1818, when he was chosen
member of Deputies. Here he continued
to support' his constitutional principles, by
opposing the laws of exception, the estab
lishment of the censorship of the press,
the suspension of personal liberty, &c,
and by advocatiug the cause of public in
struction, the organization of a national
militia, and the inviolability of the charter.
! In June. 1824, he landed at N. York, j
on a visit to the United States, upon the
invitation of the President, and was recei
ved in every part of the country, with the
warmest expressions of delight and enthu
siasm. He was proclaimed by the popu
lar voice "the guest of the nation," and
his presence was every where the signal
for festivals and rejoicings. He passed
through the ,24 states of the Union in a
sort of triumphal procession, in which
all parties joined to forget their dissen
sions, in which the veterans of the war
renewed their youth, and the young were
carried back to the doings and sufferings
of their fathers. Having celebrated, at
Bunker hill, the anniversary of the first
conflict of the revolution, and at York
town that of its closing scene, j in which
he himself had borne so conspicuous a
part, and taken leave, of the four ex-presidents
of the. United States, he received
the farewell of the President in the name
of the nation, and sailed from the capital
fn a frigate named, in compliment to him,
the B ran dywiue, Sept. 7, 1825,! and arri
ved at Havre, where the citizens, having
peaceably assembled to make demonstra
tions of their respect for his j character.
Were dispersed by the gendtrmorie. In
December following, the congress oi tne
United States made him a grant of $200,
000, and a township of land, "in conside
ration of his important services and ex
penditures during the American revolu
tion." The grant of money wafcjn the
shape of stock, bearing interest at six per
L
cent, and redeemable Dec. 31, 1334. In
Aue-ust, 1827, he attended the obsequies
of ManueU over whose body he pronoun
ced an eulogy. In November, 1827, the
Chamber of deputies was dissolved. La
fayette was again returned a member by
the new elections. Shortly before the re
volution of .1830, he travelled, to Lyons,
&c: and was enthusiastically' received
a striking contrast to the conduct
of the ministers towards him, and an
alarming symptom to the despotic go
vernment. During the revolution of Ju
ly, 1830, he was appointed general-in-chief
of the national guards of Paris, and
though not personally engaged in the fight.
his activity and name were of the great
est service. ro the Americans, Lafay
ette, the intimate friend of Washington,
hid appeared in his last visit, almost like
a great historical character returning
from beyond the grave. In the eyes of
the French, he is a man of the early days
of their revolution a man, moreover,
who has never changed side or princi
ple His ,undeviating consistency is ac
knowledged by all, even by those who do
not allow him the possession of first rate
talents. When the national guards were
established throughout France, after the
termination of the struggle, he was ap
pointed their commander-in-chief, and his
activity in this post was admirable. Au
gust 17,! he was made marshal ot'Frunce.
His influence with the government seems
to have been, for some time, grtat, but
wnether his principles were too deci
dedly republican to please the new autho
rities (a few days after the adoption of
the new charter, he declared himself a
gainst hereditary peerage, and repeatedly
called himself a pupil of the American
school,) or whether he was considered as
the rallying point of the republican party,
or whatever may have been the reason,
he sent in his resignation in December
1830, which was accepted, and Count
Lobau appointed chief of the national
guards of Paris. Lafayette declared
from the tribune, that he had acted thus
in consequence of the distrust which the
power accompanying" his situation seem
ed to excite in some people. On the
same occasion, he also expressed his dis
approbation of the new law of election.
Shortly j before his resignation, he exerted
himself most praiseworthily to. maintain
order during the trial of the ejt-ministers.
The Poles lately made him s first grena
dier of the Polish national guards. We
are unable to state what were Lafayette's"
views respecting the best govern: n en t for
France in its- present condition, though,
undoubtedly, in the abstract, herefered a
republic!- American JZncyclopa iia.
FROM THE CHAPEL HILL HAXBINOEX.
Mr. Harbinger. Permit me to ex
press, through your columns, the satisf ;c
tion I have experienced in w itnessing the
exercises of Commencement. The ex
amination was nearly ended when I
reached! "the Hill;" but I have since
learned from the gentlemen invited by
the Faculty to attend it. that it was high
ly creditable to both teacher and schoLar
The public exercises commenced, as u- (
sual, on Monday evening. The sp ak
ing on that and the following evenings
showed evidently that a better taste is gra
dually introducing the chastened, natural
fervor of the polite or itor for the ranting,
mouthing and style of "Bombastes Furi
oso." Most of the speeches were well
humored and delivered in good taste.
The Annual Address to the two Socie
ties was enthusiastically received by a
Crowded house, and would call for further
notice,lid I not know that in a short
time it would appear in print, to receive
from the public that judgment which it
so richly deserves
On Wednesday forenoon, a meeting of
the "North Carolina Institute" was held.
And in the afternoon, the members of the
Institute, and the audience generally were
entertained by an Address from Profes
sor Mitchell, on the subject of common
schools, in which there was much profitf
able matter, seasoned by several .happy
touches of his peculiar humor.
On this occasion, as on all others, the
old Chapel was crowded to overflowing.
When will the Trustees have tbe new
Chapel completed ? This is an enquiry
made year after year, but one which oc
cars with unusual force to the visiters
whilst they sit-wedged in and stewing a-
midst the cramped and inconvenient ar
rangements of the present Chapel. How
is it to be expected that large numbers of
the friends of the Institution will attend
these annual exercises, when they can
expi't neither room nor comfort?
It is with great pleasure that I notice
the improved behavior of the "students."
The obstreperous plaudits with which u
sed to deafen the audience, no matter
whether in or out of place, were either o
raitted altogether, or exchanged for judi
cious or more becoming signs of approba
tion. ),. . '
It was gratifying ta every friend of the
Institution to see in their places a goodly
number of Trustees, with our public spi
rited Governor at their head, and to hear
them express a determination to do all in
their po wer to promote its inferests
One painful feeling there was that mix
ed with the enjoyment of the occasion,
viz: that arising from seeing, the feeble
and broken health of the venerable Pre-
siaen. i ne last lew years oil nis Jit
have been years of suffering, and his" al
tered appearance presents a cad contrast
iu mr ouio sicii unu cutrnui uisposi:
tion wnicn once aisunguisoen Dim
North Carolina knows not how much ,
eheis indebted to that man. Ifthis wre
a proper place, it would be an easy and
to; me a grateful task to show how pre
eminently he ia entitled to the character
of a "public benefector:" May his .va
luable life be long spared to us; and may
he yet live'to see this institution, the' child
of his adoption, rankingas she, oirgjht a
mongthe very first in. our country! j
I The exercises' of Commencement Dcy
were conducted in their usual order, tht
candidates for Degrees acquitting them
selves very much to the , gratification of
the numerous auditory. Thirteen yen ng
gentlemen received the Degree of Bache
lor of Arts. The next Degret of Master
of Arts was conferred on , Cicero, l'.
Hawks, Jatnes W. Bryan, Samue Smith.
John R. J. Daniel, Jonathan tilausrhton.
and Hoskins. That of Doctor of
Divinity on' Rev.- Andrew Syme, of.Pe
tersbur, Virginia ; -ind that of L. L. D
ion Kt. ICev. L,evi S. Ives: Hon. Ch;ef Jus
tice Thomas Ruffin, pnd Hon George
L. Badger. t A VISITER.
The following was the Order of Exer-
ercise for the late Day of Commencement
of the University in tms place: '
FORENOON. " -
1. Prayer by the President.
2. Salutatory Oration in Latm James
B. bhepard, Newbern. , ; -
M 3 Oration on Astronomy -William
P. Gunn. Caswell.
1 4. Oration on the Drama William P.
Bond, Windsor. f -. - '
!5. Forensic Debute- Wonld the gene
ral introduction, of Manufactures be ben
eficial to the Southern country Thorn-
as tr. riauhton. tdenton: ,i nomas J.
Williams, Halifax, Va. '
!G. Forensic! Debate "Does a Student ,
derive more benefit from an" attention to
his Colegiafe studies than from devotioa
to general literature?" SamTR. BlaUei
Flayetteville ; Samuel Williams, Halifax.
Va. ':, . '.. . ;
. j ; AFTERNOON.
! 7. Oration on Political Economy--Dor
vid . M' A I lister, Cumberland.
I 8. Forensic Debate "Would the es
tablishment of a Medicat Board in North
Caro'iha contribute to the improvem. iit
of the Medical Profession in the State?'
Wjlliam B. Carter. Caswell; Albert G
Anderson, Caswell. . . f
9. Should Institutions for education be
under the patronage and control of. t he
State? Henry W. Miller, Buckingham.
Va; Harrison W'Covinjrton, Rich:noi)d.
i 110. Valedictory Oration -Abraliam
Fu ;Morehead,Rockins:ham. -
If. Address 1)y the i'resitlen
12 Degrees conferred. i
13. Report of the Examination.
14. I
'rayer
bv the Prsi'lent
Helena, (Arkansas ) 'June 5A 1831.
Prisoners; CRoKc Jail- About sun
dHwn on SaturJay evening last,: M ithias
Oiler and John Bickerstaff, who were
confined in the Phillips County Jail, un
dercharge ef high crimes,1 get the advac-'
tae ol Mr. Garretson, the guard," and
threw him into the duhtjeou, and then es
caped from the Juil. The bherifi'itnme
d lately made eVery effort in his power to
arrest them, and summoned jxrsons to jur
sue; them in every direction, but has net
a.4 yet got the least intelligence of the route
they have taken. They took with thvm,
tvyo double-barreled hot gutiSjtivo pistols f
atid tli-ir clothes. . They were very bea- I
vily ironed; btit it seems that by oversight,
a j razor l?elonged to Oiler, was lef: some V
place within their reach, and was u-d ia
sonic way to cut the iron offonejey:, ih.1
wjhich condition they left the Jail, depend
ing upon the chance of escape to a more
favorable place to complete 4 he breaking
of their irons. Mr. Garritson hasientire
ly recovered from the slight injury he re- ;
ceived from being precipitated into the
dtingeon. Herald.
On Sunday morning last all persons
able to go, were summoned to continue
the; further pursuit of the prisoner? .
among others went wasGoodridge,
who had the recounter with Smith, noi"ced
a few weeks since. On 8unday evening .
he did not return on Monday-evening
he -was still ;. missing: and much alarm
was excited Tuesiiay morning came
arid, no Goodridp. It was then deter
mined that search thould be made The
people turned j omgenerally and alout
nine o'clock found Gobdridge dead, a
bout one mile and a half from town, ahd
one of the most shocking pictures of hu
man corruption we ever beheld. 1 here
was not a thread of his clothes but tilnt
we re burnt to ashs,- and the body Jit-,
terally roasted. We are unable to give
the partictilars of the "position of the Ko
dy, un &c.: He had with him a dou- -bfe
barreled shot gun, one barrel of which
was discharged. An'inqiuest was held.,
over him and . the conclusion of the jury
was, that he had come to his death, by hi$
own hand,1 either by design, or accident ;
but which no one can conjecture.
; '.-' '''r : Herald.
i j Mr. J. A. Stone, the celebrated drama
tist. a nii r of "Metamora," and other
plays, recently drowned himself at Pbjrt
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