North Carolina Newspapers

TT TT! PUBLISHED WEEKLY" BY CTI. C. "TIABOTEAV; EDITC2 ASD rBftf&lETOB. TERMS: $2 50 PER ANNUM IN ADVANCE, Olt $3 00 IF FAf MEXT If DELAYED SIX MOXTHS. III. RALEIGH, FRIDAY, MAY 17, 1850. NO 24 r G T 8, fell'- e; iliblo I A. :irL5, 1 iitiou. ID. near iou ofl Km. ittet. gent. e beer liberal i Sec. nay in it of hi: tha bus I over t ndVr agi the rep ditors. fe mem Ri-aidrs deads ill to fiv n'nwtji er, Bye office o: Bec'v 20 fine RCH. 52 mbs Porta (trel Tent Vc. &.C. :scrr 16- 1LROAI3 he Public! V, and ll real wnrkj 18-61 I at, avo oi r, $3 00 ( 1 1 i r advert iin; F.PNEY. 'rorri'tor 30-41 UMjrr MO?IJS. Jim. J). TERMS. T Rlkih Tints willbfl sent to SoWriben . t Two Dollars and a half iwr annum, if pnid in ad vasre. Tlicae Dollars will bn charged, if payment WJelayod ax inratha. i Then Torino will"8e in varia bly adlietaU lo.; ADVERTISEIIEVTS. Tort-very Sixteen line, or (mi, Ona Dollar for tha i (rut, ami Twenty-five. Cent for tach subsequent iu I surtion: Court Ordeis, &c. will lx charged 25 per I ceit hiijhir; bnt a reasonable deduction will be made I to those who aiivurlixe by tha year. I . IT Letters on business, and all Communications I iftersled for pn'iiicalihu, musi be addrcsacd to the F-ditor, and post pattl. MISCELLANY. .'.'WOMEN'S CONVENTION IN OHIO. It is stated in the Account of the' proceedings j that "Mrs. Emily Robinson called the meeting to order.' Wa Jon'i believe t word of that. If it 'blruc, however, and Mrs. Emily Robinson actu ally succeeded in reducing nn assemblage of vro- 1 men to order, she must be a very superior person, " and deeorves no! only to obtain equal rights, but 1 to be elected to some office under the government. ' We go for her as Speaker of the House of Repre sentatives, 'or President of the Senate, where.she I will have an appropiate sphere for the exorcise of 'her peculiar abilities. The letters read at this Convention from dislin- ' guiahed ladies in various parts of the Union, are ' not among the least amusing part of the perform ance. With some sense and sot,. truth, there is mingled a good deal of nonsense and absurdity. ; For instance, Mrs. Lydia Jane Pearson, in her ardent championship of Woman's rights, asserts (that the unfortunate "science" of Phrenology has , made itselP'falseand contemptible" in her estima tion, in consequence of its assumption that there is ! difference of formation in the heads of males and (females. "Women have heads as large (contin- nes Lydia Jane) in proportion to the size of their persons, as men have ; and until it shall be prov- J .1,. I. mAM :n,-tt;.n than tha A..n t.a I cu mat tiltr v. i. iiiuio niioijj-in n.n int. ujj , w cause he is larger, we will never believe that man is wiser fli$n woman because ho hag more bulk of flesh, blood and bones." A spirited little woman is Mrs. Lydia Jane Pear son. '" Another of the letters from distinguished female correspondents commences thus: ' "Dear Mary Anne :" An original mode of addressing a Convention ! This individual, however, occasionally says a thing or two worthy the attention of the male fa-Hati.-s of Ohio. For example : ; "A married woman has no legal existence ; she hat no more absolute rights than a slave on a Southern plantation. She takes the name of her master, holds nothing, owns nothing, can bring no action in her own name ; and the principle on which the and the slave are educated is the same. The slave is taught what is considered best for hipito know which it nothing; the woman is itaught what it best for her to know which it lit tle more than nothing ; man being the umpire in both cases. A woman cannot follow out the im pulses of her ewn immortal mind in her sphere, any farther than the slave can in his sphere." 1 We .advise the abolitionists to liberate these wo men at once. j It could not be expected, of course, 'that in such an assemblage some shut should not be hurled at 'the Sooth. Thus one of the fair letter writers makes a statement which we have no doubt ehe believes is as true as Holy Writ : I "The slaveholder's children are debased by do Wstie intecourse with his 'cattle,' and the whole Taceof man is inferior in consequence of the in competence of mothers, who form the young mind paid, tJ and effuct the only indelible impressions upon the intellect e nd heart. Thus man s idiotic pride and Injnsiice to woman re-acts upon himself, and the degradation of a part of the population debases a whole, country." 1 We concede thit the fair dame who makes'thls charge may believe it to be true. But we assure her, if she will put her faith In any statement which (does not come from a petticoat, that the never made f V greater mistake in her fife. That the character-of MESTIO a chi'd dependt chiefly upon itt mower t cnarac and RuVterand instructions, cannot be denied. And tiutt .an1 ."f't themnann whv the Southern race, to far from t Tont'iyi, ' ,11 Violin anbcing "inferior" to any other race of men In the world are renowned for their Tkuth, FrUsmss, jCouR age, HosriTALtTT, and especially for the marked respect which they hnw to woman and to Woman's Virtue. Doubtless it never occurred to this good dame, in reading the newspapers, that where one vilWu exists in the Southern States who would undermine female innocence, theTe are a "thotmnJ in the North who cliffy in the per r of MayjMtr,iin,, 0f .,,cli a efiine. There it no part ol Siocil'sr i,he wor,d w1,crt the character of Woman itewre Str?k1iltl W-eminent'y noMe, graceful and pure than in the Southern Siatoe of America , there is no land lere the receive a greatet degroo of deferential ,mnageand respect at mother, wife or maid. Could these female reformert succeed m their it" and har1''1 coiifc-rrifrj all the political privileges of stera Caroline n hponVomf , of electing them to legislutnres tid other public assemblages, of making them Uwycrs, pl'ysicians, orators, dU., they Would do or thaxncre to drrade female aeilcacy and impair oiiiii)uaDe)Sje ehnracter, than has ever been accomplished rw all the arte and device of woman a worst cne- Wntnentattties. There would soon te no Wonts left, but aiheir stead, a crowd o uraftn-raccd Amaio- kians lost to decency and thtme. Let tliesepelticoafed termagants read their Bi- hlrf, and t.iey will at once ditcover lliat it i tlieir n'.nf of tbtuty to ocrnpy a dHDset'io sphere, and keeu their A t nut of tli breeches. Jhe Apostle exprewiy .'!Wo-nen to stny at home Ind be H subjection thr fr hushande. Let them remember that it was Mrytatk-fi to kr rimdi'io'i and irwk herself as one oftlie gods, with which the artful Devil, the father of bojitionita and liars, persua ded the first woman to consider herself very badly treated and to pluck that forbidden tree whose bit ter fruit millions are eating stilL The world has suffered enough from the eiTect- of that first Con vention in which Sataii was chief orator, to look with much favor on any similar assemblages. But we ahould do great injustice to the whole finiile sex, if we thcold leave it to be inferred that they look with approbation upon this isola Icd fanatical movement in Ohio. They better know their duties and their sphere- Enongh for them that, whether laws recognize their equality or not, their influence is felt upon the werld as po tently as that of the Coarser sex. "'..'.".''.';. Quietly and unobserved, beneath the shadow of millions of household roofs, there is growing up in each and all a little plant, delicate and sensi tive, bnt bearing within it the germ of an immor tal growth. Ever by its side and bending over it Is a, Woman's form, shielding if from frost and sun, waterittg it with Heaven-born tears, training it with gentle hands, and watching with delight sach opening bud of promiseand of purity. Happy that Woman wisely and well fulfilled the Mis sion of her life, who sees that plant, after shed ding beauty and fragrance upon earth, taking root in Paradise, and making the second Eden more lovely than was the first ere the sin of our first mother disrobed it of its glory. Rich Republican. PLANK ROADS. " Tlie construction of Plank roads is at thit time attracting much attention, and several charters have been granted to Companies in this State for their construction. To show how far they have been successful elsewhere, we give the fallowing statement, copied from our exchanges, of the re sults of investments for a sim ilar purpose in the State of New York ':" The Walerville and Utica road, nineteen miles long, and costing ($34,000, has just declared dividend of ten per cent, payable to the stockhold ers on demand, ten per cent laid by for repair. The Ulica and Bridgewater road, twenty miles long, and costing $10,008, pays twenty five per cent regularly. The Boonville road pays twenty two per cent. The Watertown toad pays twenty five per cent. The Forea and Johnson roadi four milet long and costing $8,000, pays regularly fifteen percent. A cotemporery remarks, that "there it fine grat ifying fact in relation to plank roads which can not be said of railroads, canals, steamboits. banks, or any limilar stocks, and that is, that those who have been interested In plank roads and watch ed their progress have learned, by evperience, that no plank road hat ever yet been constructed that proved a losing concern to the stockholders. Experience hat shown too that the people will seek these roads and will use them : and, unlike many of the railroads, they are enterprises invari ably at beneficial to the stockholder at to the pub lic." ,. ;. ' ' ,; - In the most generally approved system, two par allel rows of small sticks of timber (called indif- ferently sleepers, stringers, or tills,) are imbedded in the road, three or four feet apart. Planks. eiht feet long and three inches thick, are laid npon those sticks serosa them, at right angles to their direction. A side track of earth, to turn out upon, is carefully graded. Deep ditches are dug on each tide, to ensure perfect drainage ; and thus it form ed a Plank Road. Lavisg them out. In laying out a plank road, it it indispensable, in order to secure a lithe benefits which can be derived from it, to avoid or cut down all steep ascents. A very short rise of even considerable steepness, may, however, te allowed to rcnain, to save ex pense; ainee a horse can, for a short time, put forth extra exertion to overcome such an increas ed resistance ; and the danger of slipping is avoid, ed by decending upon thetarthern track. A double plank track will rarely be necessary. No one without experience in the matter can credit the amount of travel which one inch track can accommodate. Over a tingle track near Sy racuse, 161 ,000 teams passed in two years, aver aging over 320 teama per day, and during three dayt 720 passed daiiy. The earthem. turn-out track must, however, be kept In good order J and this ia easy, If it slope off properly to (he ditch , for it is not cut with any continuous lengthwise ruts, but is only pasted over by (he wheels of (he wag. gons which turn off from the track, and return to it. ' They thus move in curves, which would very rarely exactly hit each other, and this travel, being spread over the earth, tends to keep it in shape rather than to disturb it. CoVERma. The planks havifig been properly laid, at has bec.i directed, should be covered over one inch in thickness, with very fine gravel, or coarse sand, from which all the stones or pebbles. ars to be raked to at to leave nothing upon the snrfaee of the road, that could be forced Into and injure the fibres of the planks. The grit of 'the sand toon penetrates into the grain of the wood and combines with the fibres, tad the droppings upon tiro road, to form a hart) and tough covering, like felt, which greatly protect!, the wood from the wheels and horse's shoes. Saw dust and tan bark have also been nsed. ., : t. The road k now ready for use. -H LAfm. The plsnks should be laid directly a croiJthe rtrtd, at right angles, or "square" fa ils line, as ehowrr in a figuf appended. The emit of the planks are hot laid evenly to a Kee, but project three or fmif inches mreach tide alter nately, mi nr tn prevent a ruf hoing formed by the i-idc of the plank tracR, and make" if easier for loaded wagons to get upon it; ss the wheels, In stead of seraping along the emit of the planks, when coining toward the track oMiqnely afier! turning off, ill, on anting qiHre ngnin the ! edge of one of those projecting pUnka, rise direct ly npon it. On the Canada roads, every three planks project three inches on each side of the road alternately. Cost. The Syracuse and Central Square plank road, 16 miles, cost $1487 per mile, with timber at $ S,20 per M. It has a single 8 feet track, ex cept over a few spots of yielding sand. The Rome and Oswego road, 62 miles, cost 80,000, or about $1,300 per mile , lumber costing from $ to $5 per M. It is of eight feet hemlock plank, three to four inches thick ; with grades cut down to 1 in 20 near Rome, and at the western end, where it is more hilly, to 1 in 16J. The Utica northern road, 2a miles, cost $42,000, (besides $8,000 for the right of way over a turnpike,) be ing $2000 per mile, five milet being a cow line cnt throbgh woods, at an extra cost for clearing, of $500 permile. Deduct this, and the average cost would be about $1800 per mile. A short road near Detroit, eight feet wide, laid on a trav elled roadway, cost with lumber at $6 per M. $1,600 per mile. , Durability. A plank road may require a re newal, either because it has worn out at top by the travel upon it, or because it has been destroy ed at bottom by rot. But, if the road have travel e rfough to make it profitable to its builders, it will wear out first ; and if it does, it will have earned abundantly enough to replace it twice over, as we shall See presently. The liability to decay is therefore a secondary consideration on roads of importance. Upon a Canada pine road, travelled over by at least 160 two-horre teams per 'day ,(60, 000 per year,) the road had worn qVwn in two years only one quarter of an inch j and this too was attributed chiefly to its exposure the first year without sanding. It was estimated that sanded plank on this road would wear at least ten yean. Oak would of coufse wear longer, Decat, As lo the uatural decay, no hemlock road hat been in use long enough to determine how long the plank can be preserved from rot. Seven years is, perhaps a fair average.- Differ ent species of hemlock vary greatly ; and upland limber is always more durable than that from low and wet localities. The pine roads in Canada generally last about eight years, varying from seven to twelve. The original Toronto road was used chiefly by teams hauling steamboat wood, and at the end of 6 years began to break through in places, and not being repaired, was principal ly goiii At the end of ten years. Having been poorly built, badly drained, not sanded and no care bestowed up-n it, it indicates the minimum of du rability. Oak plank cross walks in Detrnyt, the the plank being laid Hat on the ground. save ltedr...L , , ..... . , , two or three times a. long a. those of pin9. the Federal Cons..tut,on ; and such Stale, a. xig as those ot pine. believed that oak plank, well laid, would last at leas', twelve or fifteen years. One set of sleepers will outlast two plankings. Several Canada roads have been relaid upon the old sleepers, thus much lessening the cost of renewal. Advantagfs. Plank roads are the Farmers Rail Roads. He profits most by their construction, though all clate ef tho community are benefited by any such improvement, as has been fully shown in ihe"Iutroduction" to this volume. The pecnliar merit of plank roads is, that the great diminution of friction upon them makes them more akin to railroads than to common roads, with the .advant age over railroads that every one can drive hit own wagon npon them. Their advantages naturally divide themselves into two classes : their utility lo the community at large, and their profits to the stockholders who build (hem To the Community. Taking1 as our standard of comparison the load which a horse can draw on a new gravel road, we find that while he can draw three times at much on a broken-stone or Mc Adam road, in the average condition, he can draw six times as much on a gond plank road. A great de gree of speed can also be obtained upon them, with lest injury to the vehicles and to the horse's feet than on a Mc Adam road. The motion hat been compared to that on a road of well beaten tnow. 1 . To the Stockholders. The annual profits of a plank road will of course be governed by the two elements of its first cost, and the amount of travel upon it. The latter should be approximately determined in advance. One important point has however been determined with considerable aecii. racyj lit: how much a road will earn before if worn out Upon the first eight miles of the Syru cuse and Central Square plank foad, the tolls du ring Us first (wo y?ars, ending July 1348 amount ed to $13,900, and the expenses for salaries and repairs to 1600, leaving $11,400 for dividends and rebuilding. . This amount of travel had worn the plank down I inch. Another inch could be worn down before a renewal would be necessary and the road would then have earned $22,800 a bove all expenses, or $2,850 per mile. This ex. perience indicates that hemlock plank before be ing worn out, will earn three or four times the original cost. The surplus above the cost of re newal will therefore be payable m dividends, a mounting in gross to oetween iw snj 200 per cent npon the first coat, of the plank (that of the whole road bearing no con'tatit ratio to this,) the amount of each annual dividend being of course greater the more rapidly the wearing out, with its concomitant and proportional earning, takes place COTTON. ' '.:'- ' " Comparative Statement of Receipts of Cotton I .,. the different Ports at latest dates: , t, ' 1149-60 ttit-t April 12h,Nv Orleans, . , 710,674 '951 825 i " " Mobile,.. . S03.C8 1 476,469 " 1 1th, Charleston, , 294.789 . 351,171 " 9ih, Savannah, 97.1,811 305,696 3rd, Florida, U8,fi0 188,10; " - Texas, -22,8111 : 22,404 M'rch JOth,Virgiuia & N. C. 15,300 14,832 1 ,773,937 2,522 88 "Mint, 411-11 CONGRESSIONAL. ItMIPROMISC REPORT. ' In Senate, May 8, 1850. REPORT OF THE SFXICT COMMIT 1 EE OP THIRTEEN. Mr. CLA V, from the Select Committee of thir teen, to whom were referred various resolutions relating to California , to other portions of the ter- tory recently acquired by th United Slate from the Republic of Mexico, and to other subjects con nected with the institution of slavery, submitted the follow ins J -.tout : The committee entered on the discharge of their uties with a deep sense of their great importance, nd with earnest and anxious solicitude to arrive at such conclusions as might be satisfactory to the Senate and to the country. Most of the mat ters refe rred have been not only subjected toexten- ive and serious public discussion throughout the country, but to a debate in the Senate itself, sin gular for its elaborateness and its duration; so that a full exposition of all those motives and views which, on the several subjects confided to the com mittee, have determined the conclusions at which they have arrived, seems quite unnecessary. They will, therefore, restrict themselves to a few general observations, and reflections which grow out of those subjects. Out of our recent territorial acquisitions, and in connexion with the institution of slavery, questions most grave have sprung, which greally dividing and agitating the people of the United States, have threatened to disturb the harmony, if not to endan ger the safety, of the Union. The committee br ieve it to be highly desirable and necessary spee dily to adjust all those questions, in a spirit of con cord, and in a manner to produce, if practicable, general Satisfaction. They think it would be un wise tb leave any of them open and unsettled to fester in the public mind, and to prolong, if not aggravate, the existing agitation. It has been their object, therefore, in this report, to make such proposals and recommendations as would accom plish a general adjustment of all (hose questions. Among the subjects referred to the committee, which command their first attention, are the resc- ulions offered to the Senate by the Senator from Tennessee, Mr. Bell. By a provision in the reso lution of Congress annexing Texas to the United States, it Is declared that "new Slates of conveni ent size, hot exceeding four in number, in addi tion to said Slate of Texas, and having sufficient population, may hereafter, by the consent of sa id State, be formed out ofthe territory thereof, which I u i J ' 1 . L - : . may bo formed nut of that portion of said territory lying eouth of 36deg. 30 min. north latitude) com monly known as the Missouri compromise line, shall be admitted into the Union with or without slavery, as the people of each State asking may desire." The committee are unanimonsly of opinion, that whenever one or more Slates, formed out of tho territory of Texas, not exceeding four, have suf ficient population, with the consent of Texas, may apply to be admitted into the Union, they are en titled to such admission, beyond all doubt, upon the cleat, unambiguous, and absolute terms of the solemn compact contained in the resolution of annexation adopted by Congress and assented to by Texas. , But, whilst the committee conceive (hat the right of admission into the Union of any new Slates carved out of the territory of Texas not exceedingthe number specified, and under the conditions slated, Cannot be justly controverted, the committee do not think that the formation of any such new States should now originate with Con gress. The initiative, in conformity with the u. sare which has heretofore prevailed! should beta. ken by a portion of the people-of Texas themselves, desirous of constituting a new State, with the con. sent of Texts. And in the formation of such new State, it will be for the people composing it to de. cide for themselves whether they will admit or will exclude slavery. And however they may de cide that purely municipal question, Congress it bound to acquiesce, and to fulfil, in good faith (he stipulations of the compaet with Texas. Thecom- mittee are aware that it hat been contended that the resolution of Congress annexing Texas was uncotistrtotional. ' At a former epoch of our coun try's history, ther Were fhose (and Mr. Jefferson under whose auspices the treaty Of Louisiana was concluded, was among them) who believed (hat the States formed out of Louisiana could not be received into the Union wltbont an amendment cf the Constitution. But the States of Louisiana Missouri, Arkansas,- and Iowa have been all, nevertheless, admitted, -And who would now think of opposing the admission of Minnesta, Or gon, or other new Slates formed out of the an. cient province of fouisiana, upon the ground of an alleged original defect Of constitutional power? In grave, national transactions, vvhile yet in the! earlier or incipient stages, differences may well exist, but when once they have been decided by . a institutional majority, and are consummated, or are in process of consummation, there can be no 01)10 safe and prudent alternative than to respect the decision already rendered, and to acquiesce in it. Entertaining these viowt,a majority of the Com. milteedonot think It necessary or proper to recom mend, at lliis time, of prospectively, any new Slate or States to be formed out of the Territory of Toxns. Shoohl any each State be hereafter formed, and present Itself for admission into h Unin, whether with or without the establishm tif of slavery.it Cannot b doiftted that Congress will, under a full sense of honor, of good faith , and of all (he high obligations arining out ofthe compact with Texas, decide, jnt at it will decide under the influence ot similar roneidt-mtinns in regard to new Stales fwined of or oirt of Near Mexico and Utah, with or without the institution of slavery according to the constitutions and judgment of the people who compose them j as to what may be best to promote their happiness. In considering the question of the a Jmisrion of California as a state into the Union, a majority of the committee conceive that ah irregularity by which that Slate Was organized without the previ ous authority of an act of Congress ought to be overlooked, in consideration of the omi.-oion by Congress to establish any teiritorial government for the ncople of California, and the consequent necessity which they were under to create a gov ernment for themselves best adapted to tlieir own wants. There are various instances, prior to the case of California, ofthe admission of new States into the Union without any previous authorizaiion by Congress. The sole condition required hy the Constitution of the United States in respect to the admission of a new State is, that its consiilution shall be republican in form. California presents such a constitution ; and there is no doubt of her having a greater population than that which, acr cording to the practice of the government, has been heretofore deemed sufficient to receive a new State into the Union. In regard to the proposed boundaries of Califor nia, the committee would have been glad if there existed more full and accurate geographical know ledge of the territory which thdse boundaries in clude. There is reason to believe, that, larjeas they are, they embrace no very disproportionate quantity of land adapted to cultivation. And it is known that they contain extensive ranges of moun tains, deserts of sand, and much unproductive soil. It might have been, perhaps,better to haveaasigned to California a more limited front on the Pacific ; but even if there had been reserved on (lie shore of that ocean a portion of the boundary which it pre sents for any olher State or States, it isnotveiy certain that an accessible interior of sufficient ex. tent could nave been given to them to. render an tpproach to the ocean through their own limits of any very great imporiauce. A majority oftlie cornmitiee think that there are many and urgent concurring consideration! in fa vor of admitting California with the proposed boun daries, and of securing to her at this lime the ben efits of a State government. If, hereafter, upon an increase of her population, a more thorough ex ploration of her territory, and an ascertainment of the relations which may arise between the people occupying its various parts, it should be found ennduciive to their convenience and happiness to form a new State out of CaTitorniar we have every reason to believe, from past expe nence, that the question ol its admission will be fairly considered and justly decided. - A majority of the Committee, therefore, recom mend lo the Senate the passage of the bill reported by the Committee on Territories for the admis sion of California as a Bute into the Union. To prevent misconception, the committee alto re commend that the amendment reported by the same committee to the bill he adopted, so as to leave incontestable the right of the United States to the public domain and other public property in California. Whilst a majority of the committee believe it to be necessary and proper, under the actual circum stances, to admit California, they think it quite as necessary and proper (0 establish governments for the residue of the territory derived from Mexico, ahd to bring it within the pale of the Federal au thority. : The remoteness of that territory from the teat of the General Government ; the dispersed state of its population; the variety of races pure and mixed of which it consists ) the ignorance of tome of the races of our laws, language, and hab its ; their exposure to iotoads and wart of savage tribes ; and the solemn- stipulations of the treaty by which we acquired dominion over them, impose upon the United States the imperative obligation of extending to (hem protection, and of providing fur them government and laws tuiled lo their eondi lion. Congress will fail in the performance of a high duty if it does not give, or attempt to give, lo them the benefit of inch protection,, government, and laws. They are not now, and fur along time to come may not be, prepared for Slate govern ment.- The-territorial form, for tho present, it best suited to their , condition. A bill hat been reported by lb' committee 00 Territories, dividing all the territory acquired from Mexico not coin. prehended within the liniiU of, California into two Territories, under the nsmes of New 'Mexico and Utah, and proposing Cor each a territorial gov efrtaienf. . . . , The committee recommend to the Senate (hees tabjishment of those territorial governments; and in order more certainly to secure that desirable object, they ahiO recommend that the bill for their establishment be incorporated iu (he bill for the ad mission of California, and (hut, united together they both be passed. ,. . - .,. . The combination of the two measures in ihe same hill is objected to on various grounds. It is said that they are incongruous ..and have no necessary connexion with each plher. A majority of the committee think otherwise. The object of both measures is the establishment of government sui ted (0 the conditions, respectively, of the proposed new State and of the , new Territories. Prior to (heir transfer tothe United Stares, they both for med a part sf Mexico, where they atooi in eqosl relations lo the government of tnat republic. They were .both ceded to the United States by the same treaty. "And in the same article pf that treaty, the United Slates solemnly .engaged to protect and govern both. a Common inir the, origin, common in their alienation from one foreign government to another, common in their, wants ot' good govern ment, and conterminous in tome of their bounnda ries, and alike in many particulars of physical eon ditiorr, they have nearly every thing in eemnon iu tls rcLtiont 10 which tVy stand loUie rest of tjiis Union. There is, then, a general fitness and pro priety in extending the parental care of govern-' ment to both in common. If California, by a sud den and extraordinary augmentation of population, has advanced so rapidly a to (rati're her for State government j that furnithes no reason ' why . the less fortunals Territories of New Mexico and Utah should be abandoned and 'off Urtgoverned by ihe United States, or should be disconnected with California, which although she has organized fof herself a State government, must be legally and constitutionally regarded as a Territory until sue u actually admitted as a State in the Union. It is further objected, that by combining the two measures in the tame bill, 'members .'who may be nling to vote for one and unwilling lo vote for the other would be placed in an embarrassing can. diliun. Thev would be eonslrained.it is urirpd; to take or to reject both. On the other hand, Ihere are other members who would he willini? to vote" for bothunited.but would feel themselves constrained to vote against the California bill if it stood alone. Each party finds iu the bill which it favors' some thing which commends it to acceptance, 'and in the other something which it 'disapproves. The' true ground, therefore, of the objection to the union of the measures is not any want of affinity between them, but because of the favor or 'dinfavor wilh which they are respectively regarded. Iiuhiscon flictof opinion, it seems to a majority of the commit tee that a spirit sf mutual concession enjoin that the lwo measures should l connected together, the ?n- . -f-.,i - l -ii 1 , . ... eueci 01 wii;cn win oe, mat neither opinion will exclusively triumph, and that both may find in in such an amicable arrangement enough of good to reconcile them to the acceptance of Ihe combined measure. Ana sncn a course ot legislation ia not at all unusual. Few laws have ever passed in which there were not parts, to which exception was taken. It is inexpedient, if not impracticable to separate these parts, and embody them in dis tinct 0111s, so as 10 accommodate the diversity of opinion which may exist. The Constitution ofthe United States contained in it a great variety of provisions, to some ol which serious objection was made in the convention which formed it hv iliff. erent members of that body; and when it wat submitted to the ratification of the Slates, some of ihem objected to some pans, and other to othet parts ofthe same instrument. Had these various parts and provisions been separately submitted to1 the people of the United 8tate, it is by no means certain that the Constitution itself would ever have beet) adopted Or ratified. Th ! j.j ut iiko particular provisions found compensation in other parts of it. And in all cases of constitutions ant! laws, when either it presented at a whole, the question to bo decided is, vvhethef .the good which it contains is not of greater amount, and does not' neutralize any thing exceptionable in it. And asj nothing hitman is perfect, for the sake of that har mony to desirable in such a confederacy as this, w mutt be reconciled to secure as much as we can of what we with, ahd be consoled by the reflection; that what We do not exactly like itt friendly con cession, and agreeable to those who. bein unU ted with utin a common deatiny, it is desirabbt should always live with us in peace and coueord. A majority of the committee hare, therefore) : been led to the recommendation to the Senate that the two measures be united. The bill for establish ing the two Territories, it will be ohterved, omits Ihe Wilmot proviso, on the one hand, d, on the other, makes no provision for the introduction of slavery into any part or the new Territories. That proviso has been the fruitful source of dislrae tiort and agitation. If it were adopted and applied to any Territory, it would cease to have any ebligato. rv force as soon as tnch Tertitorv tern .HmitieJ as a Slate into the Union. There was never nf occasion for it, to accomplish the professed object wjth which it was originally offered. This has been clearly demonstrated by the current of events j California, of all the recent territorial acquisitions from Mexico, was thaf in which, if anywhere with in them, the introduction of slavery was fnott like ly to take place j and the constitution of California, by the unanimout vote of her convention, has e prcssly interdicted it. There is the highest de gree of probability that Ulan and Nev Mexico will- when they come to be tdmitted as States, follow the example, .The proviso is, at to all the re . gions in common, a mere abstraction. Why should K be any longer insiated oa - Totally des titute, as it is, of rty practicul import, il has, never theless, had the pernicious uffect to excite serious, if DMlarir.ing,conawjoence, It il high lime that the wounds when it hat inflicted shosld be heal ed up and closed ; and that, to avoid, in all future time, the agitations which most be produced by the conflict of opinion on the slavery question, ex isting as this irutiiutisn does in some of the States' and prohibited al it bin others, the true principle which ought to regulate (he action of Congress irr forming territorial government Jor each newly aconired domain ia tn efri,i f-n, -II u..:-f-.': . on the subject in tire territory acquired, to long as iUetains U territorial form sf govermnenk-lea. tine it (0 tll peonle of Birch Terrrtnr 4,r ".-I ,HTJ have attained to a condition which entitles thsin to admitiion as a Stale, to rfecid for themselves tho question ofthe allowance or prohibition of dome, ik statery. the committee believe that the? , press the anxious desire of an immeuso majority of the neonle of ihe TTnii-J c.i .l declare that it. is high time that good feeling hap mony, and fraternal sentiments a! .011 Id be again, revived.and that the gotemmfnt should be bit) once mora to proceed In its great operations te promote the haBjtinets and prssporlty of Uja country undisturbed by .this distracting ctnts. . At forCali6rnla,f front feeling her sensibili ty tffcted by her being associated witu other kin dred mctrfiree she ought to rejoice and bt highly (ratified lht,.ia enti;riiig ii.ta Ue Uahju.tha. , ,iBt.w.-iil.U.