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VOL, XXI. ASTTEYILLE. N. C, SEPTEMBER 10, t8f9. NO. 436. A G R I G U L T U K A L L " DEPTH OF C0VEBI5O SEED WHEAT? The following article, communicated to the Farmer and Planter, Richmond, covered, say not more than an inch deep (half an inch would belbetter), is the best mode of seeding woeat which has yet been tried. But ag it is generally sown, especially in Eastern Virginia, on makes a suggestion as to the depthof; rough, unrolled land amongst the clods, covering seed wheat which is worthy of i it appears to me the very worst and most very serious consideration, and should costly mode of preparation that can be lead to careful observation in the dircc tion indicated by the writer. The rea ders of the American Farmer know how much consequence wc attach to the . proper rooting of wheat in the Fall. May not the common practice of cover ing be so much at fault as seriously to interfere with this ? "Before the introduction of the wheat drill into common use, either the har row, -Jic single shovel or the double ehovel plough, was. generally adopted, in Eastern Virginia, as the most im proved implement for covering wheat 60 wn broadcast. The most successful farmers in the lower valley generally preferred the single shovel plough, fol lowing its use, however, with careful harrowing, until the surtace was ren dered smooth and fine. The use of the drill has extensively revolutionized for mer practices in both of these sections of the fctatc, not to speak particularly of chances elsewhere. A more thorough preparation of the ground by the use of the harrow and roller, was demanded as indispensably necessary in the success ful operation of the drill. One of the peculiar advantages claimed for this in- strument is, that it deposits the gram deeper, and of more uniform depth, than could be attained by any of the othpr modes of covering previously in use. "I believed, theoretically, in the ira portancc of sowing deeply, and was in dined to adopt it as an axiom, 'that the deeper the covering the less liability of the wheat to be spewed up and winter killed. I beliaved that the alternate freezing and thawing of the ground du ring winter and early spring, was the best preparation it could receive to fit .jit for .the nourishment and invigoration of the growing plant. Cherishing these theoretical views, 1 wasr not prepared for the frequent disappointment of my ex pectations which occurred in regard to the effects of deep sowing upon the pro- ductiveness of the crop. I resolved, however, to test these theories by cx- pernrfent before I could be satisfied to relinquish my predilection of them. In pursuance of this resolution, I selected for trial a rich lot often acres, which 1 sowed very deeply with the drill. The following spring 1 expected to sec a -strong and vigorous growth, but confess to.no small disappointment at finding it ycry backward in branching, and of slow growth ami imperfect development. This led me to examine it closely and fiequently during the progress of the season, to see if I could discover the cause or reasons of its unthriftiness. I discovered at each examination that ma ny of the plants were decaying, and by the first of April, that thousands had rotted off at or near the surface. More over I could find not a living plant with more than four blades, and these were exceptional, the rule being from two to three blades to the stalk. These blades were all of them narrow and pointed, standing erect, showing no tendency to wards branching out. On the 14lh of April I examined another small lot of rich land, which I had sown after com pleting the. regular seeding of the pre vious autumn. This lot had been nicely ' prepared, and the wheat drilled in to the depth of three or four inches. One of " the tines of the drill near the centre had a crack in it, by means of which some of the seed was scattered on the ground along the track of this defective tine ; the driver using double lines, took a central position behind the drill, and walking after it, trod on many of the scattered grains, which caused them to take root and flourish. The result of "my observations may be summed up as follows : "The wheat regularly drilled in had from three to five blades all standing erect, while that which had been cov ered bv the driver's foot, not more than half an inch deep, had from eight to fourteen blades, all extended flat upon the ground, broid-leaveJ and vigorous, while the drilled plants were distin guishable by their slarp-pointed,, grass Jik'c blades,tanding upright. I after wards examined other fields which had been cultivated in various ways, and without an exception I found that the wheat which had been covered, how lightly soever, was sure in the month of April to exhibit more branches and a comparative superiority over alL other wheat of greater depth of covering "From these observations, I am sat isfied that, when the land is reduced to proper jincne strand the wheat is barely adopted. Let every farmer test the matter for himself. Let him this fall select a piece of ground far enough off from his homestead to secure , it immu nity from the depredations of fowls, etc., and there make an experiment after this manner: with a grubbing hoe, open a trench nine or ten feet long, graduated in depth from one inch at the beginning .to nine or ten inches at tho end ; then drop a grain of wheat every three or four inches upon this graded bottom : then cover up evenly with the surface of the trench. Let him also open another jlrill as nearly resembling the mark of the drill tine as possible; then let him drop the wheat exactly as was done in the trench as to distance , cover it with fine earth from a half to three-quarters of an inch deep, thus just hiding it from the birds ; let it be examined after rain, and if any of the grain is uncovered, let it bc'again very slightly covered as at first; then leave it to itself, except to puu up any large wceus wmcn may spring up to obstruct its growth ; and when all has been completely and accu rately done, wait for results, and report them to the Southern Flanter and far mer. "The manner of seeding first men tioned, with shovel plough simply, or with the plough followed with harrows, without proper examination, would be considerably deep seeding. Harrowing in wheat on land previously well pre pared used to be considered deep seed ing. Let all who now think so, exam ine the field after the first good rain, and again cxamiriait the following April, and my word for it, they will find the greater portion of the good wheat was covered very shallow at seed time. "Why, let me ask, is tap-rooted clo ver thrown out by frost t It certainly extends its main root tar below the reach of frost. Again : how is it that the timothy plant, which is shallow rooted, and has to be sown in the fall on the surface, and put in by the first rain, is never cast out of the earth by frost ? Does it not 'appear that the shallow- rooted -winter plant rises up with the frosted earth, and returns with it when thawed ? Admit this as true, and ob serve but to a limited extent, and rou will be convinced of the fact that thou- i t . 1 r : 1 sands are lost every year in irguna uy excessively deep seeding. I. I. IIitl Arririgton Depot, kelson Co., a. Raising Pigs this Fall. Pigs are very scarce this summer, and farmers are anticipating very high prices for pork next winter. Mv own opinion is that those who tatcn early will make tlie most money. Corn is low ana it win nay well to convert it into pork at prcs- ent prices, in August ana cepicmocr, if the pigs have the run of a good pas ture, 1 have no doubt that three or four bushels of corn will make one hundred pounds of pork. Ordinarily, when pigs are shut up to fatten, it requires seven or eight bushels of corn to make -one hundred pounds of pork. In the sum mer, with a good pasture, the pigs get enough grass to keep them growing, and all the corn they receive is converted into pork ; whereas, when they are shut up to fatten, probably more than hajf the corn they cat is needed to sustain the vital functions, and all the growth and fat arc derived from the corn eaten over and above this amount. When pigs are scarce and corn cheap, as at present, nothing can be more unwise than to feed them nothing but the slops and milk from the house, and grass. Let them have a quart or so of corn a day besides, and they will grow as tast again. There is no cheaper way of ma king pork. No half-fat hog9 should be sent to market this year, and now, is the time to prevent it. If a farmer has no corn, let him buy it. It will pay as it has rarely paid before. J. Harris, in American A griculturist. Elder, Ointment. Take the inside j bark of sweet elder, boil to a strong infusion ; strain it, then add equal parts of beeswax and mutton tallow ; say to one half pint of the liquid a piece of mutton fallow and beeswax each the size of a hen's egg; simmer until the water is out. If a softer . ointment is desired, use fresh butter instead of mut ton tallow. Here you have a recipe for an ointment which is invaluable as a healing remedy for erysipelas, sores, cuts, chilblains, and sores of all kinds, and especially excellent for burns. HOW TO MAKE SUPEBIOB, CIDEB. Mr. Editor : As the time for making cider is approaching, it may be of inter est to some of your readers to know "how to make a superior article." The first condition is to select the proper kind of apples. Sweet apples are totally to be excluded, as they are unfit to produce good cider. Juicy and sour apples are the best adapted. Next, it is a neces sary condition that the apples are ripe. . V hen ready for gathering, straw has to be spread under each tree to prevent the apples from heme bruised. After gath ering they have to be left for some days in the open air, and every apple which shows the least sign of unsoundness re moved. The soumj apples are placed in heaps in the open air to obtain the pro per degree of ripeness, which will take irom two to three weeks. If frost should set in, they are protected by straw. By this process the apples devel op their full taste and aroma. After having obtained the proper maturity in this way, they are ready for the press. During pressing, it is absolutclu neccs- sary to observe the most rigid cleanli ness to prevent the formation of acid. If this once has taken place, the cider is spoiled, that is it can never.nore be made a superior article. ItN is - often practiced to let the juice stand for seve ral days, stirring it frequently. The object is to obtain a darker color and more brightness. This is an error. The cider always loses by this treatment. To obtain brightness quick, the proper way is to mix the apples with some crab apples or bitter winter pears. These contain a considerable amount of tannin, which possess the quality to unite itself with all the material contained in the cider averse to clearness and durability. This combination is indissoluble both in wine and eider, and settles on the bot tom of the cask, clearing the cider. The proper proportion to be used is, one part crab apples or bitter winter 'pears to five parts of apples, all pressed to gether. After pressing, the fermenta tion of the juice takes place. For tin's purpose a cask is taken, one end knock ed out, and being placed on end, the juice is poured in and covered lightly. Ihesc casks, of course, must be. cleaned 7)iost carefully. After some time the fermentation commences, and will pro duce a foam on top, which has to be skimmed off with a skimmer several times through the day. This fcrmcnta- tion will last for several days, and then the formation of foam will decrease. This is the time to draw the juice on the casks intended for its keeping. These carefully cleaned casks arc placed in a cellar, w hich must not be damp. If the cellar is not. dry, the casks can be stored in any other dry room where the tem perature! in summer does not exceed are also to be well sulphured and bung- 1 .proceedings of the district confeb- edluD to prevent them from becoming j nELD AT mills river, Henderson county, T f . J A ill 41 ST ""I 11. I 1 ( wti Y 1 O-WTI 1 iTTI ft vn I STIT tW 1 FniTC W musty, ii it is not uuue, uiviuci ; " - J . . ... . . 1 1 r. i : r i REPORT ON THE STATE OF THE : CHURCH. . (' ; The Committee on the State or the Church, beg leave to report as fo . How From the verbal renorts of the Pas tors of the several charges as well as that of the Presiding Eider, we infer that, in point of spiritual development, the Church is on rising ground in the district. In some charges, and in portions of all, there is a coldness and an indifference, much to be deplored : during the yea-, not only in numbers but also, which is of more importance, in the depth religious experience. Many consider able revivals have been realized in vari- i t portions of the district. Refreshing seasons have been enjoyed at Asheville, Berea, Salem, Tabernacle, Big Sandy Mush, Turkey, Creek, Spring . Creek, Mills River, Sharon, Jack's Creek, I : m I IJurnsville, North Cove, Ebenezer, Beth lehem, and other places. On the Ca edtin such casks will get a taste "after the wood."' The sulphuring is done by rags dipped in melted sulphur ; such a rag is placed on the hook of a wire, which is fastened to the lower side of the bung. The rag is lighted and let down into the cask and the bungiphtced loose ly 'on top of the bung-hole. Of course thVnplc"has Previously to be cleaaeuV carefully. The sulphuring must &tf peated until all ordinary lair has beln excluded from the caslc anil the sulphur will not burn ary more! For sulphur ing casks pure sulphur is required. Sulphur often contains arsenic, and if used for the above purpose, will poisoii the cider and produce headache, even if it is partaken of moderately. Cider improves by age, but it is not necessary to wait for the final fermenta- tion before it is1 used. It it is desiraoie to draw from the cask before all-the fermentations have-taken" place, all that is required is to extend the fermentation. This is done by dissolving twelve pounds of white sugar in one hundred pounds of water and adding eight ounces of tartaric acid. This fluid is preserved in a kerr nnd the cask filled with it to tho -a me amount as cider is drawn off. After a" short time new fermentation 1 1 . 1 A. sots in. and when this commences to subside, some cider again can be elra'wn, the vacant space filled with Che above fluid, and so on. , L. A. Hansen.. Fairfax county, Va. STING OF THE TOMATO WOKEI. Seeing that the absurd stories in re gard to the terrible . effects produced by he sting or bite off the tomato worm have started on their annual round through the papers. I take the liberty to send vou the following extract from an article published in the American Eto mologist of October, 18G8, and which is probably from the pen of Prof. C. V. Riley, State Etomologist of Missouri, 55, audi in winter docs not reach the freezing point. These casks are filled with the cider to about two inches from the bung-hole and a tin tube inserted. This tube has a bend or knee ; one end is some longer and inserted, airtight, in the bung ; the other (shorter) end is put in a vessel containing water, placed on toe top 01 cask near the bung. It has to extend wo or three inches into the water. Through this tube the air arising from the fermentation in the cask can escape, wfiSch it does by forming bubbles in the water, and the exterior air, which so easily changes the fermentation into vinegar iermentation, is excluded. This little vessel with water has to be watched closely by applying the car to it. As soon as the noise in the water ceases, the time lias arrived to draw the cider from the cask to separate it Irom tho dregs, which are left at the bottom. Afterwards the dregs are filtered through flannel, anddhe clear cider gained mix ed with the rest. This cask is nearly filled and the tube inserted as above. The casks intended for the cider must beforehand be well sulphured. By pla cing the cider in such casks, the cider does not come in contact with the ordi nary air, by which the troubling of the cider is prevented. The cider also ab sorbs the sulphured air, by which fer mentation is stopped. This last effect of the sulphur is of the utmost impor tance, as the stopping of the fermenta tion allows the imnure substances to set- , f i uuneu ijul uiu v tic on the bottom, and the cider becomes f darker and rather and the editor of vour owi Etomologi- C I DfJJ.l i IJJJ t U t, liUJjin tllilt it Limj n lay the fears of some of.thb:' timid ones. After some preliminary Vemarks, he says: "Many persons are afraid to handle this worm, from an absurd idea that 'it bus the power of stinging with the horn on its tail. We have handled hundreds o'f them with perfect impunitT, and for the small sum of one cent will undertake to insure the whole popula tion of the United States against being stung bv this insect, either bv the con- spicuous horn on its tail or with any hidden weapon that it may have con cealed about its person' I hope you will, publish this extract, and that it will be copied as extensively as have been the ridiculous stories of poisoning and death resulting fro u the attacks of this apparently innocent, though not alto gether lovely, creature. W. Scott Hicks, in Rural Neio Yorker. Church, are rth4 hearing of the word ' (rod, and prayer. These are the Jachn " and the Boaz olf.the Cnur&i. r Thebby; could as well live without food as the. soul without word of God, and fod would I . be as useless to a body not sflbrected to' V . . its VJI Vl tiwuivA uc iu a puui vwuiuui, a, ircquent -and persevering attendance upon the nun ns nT -rhp. onzot ' . i ww-wwV-WVV I 1- 1 Jj. -.win vuiuuui(,tc.,ui ciui i eeominenu for adoption thb following resolutions ; ; Resolved lsti That it is our duty as : far as lieth inr us, to live peaceably w ith : on a constant war witL the world, t,' flesh, and the ijevil. ; 4 2. That it is the duty of the ministry to avoid political arid purely phifoVophv uiov,UjOoivijo, in nit? pulpit, ana to fine themselves to preaching the word of God. 5 , 3. That upon the amount and manner V of our hearing and jipon the frequency -and earnestness of our closet devotion, depend our spiritual welfare, the spread of the Gospel, and so far as our influence , ex tends, the evangelization of the" world'; and that as metnbers of the Church If God, Ave will, bj His grace, be governed in our walk . anil Conversation, by . tho con- pure tawba circuit, the Church has exhibited views herein beford Expressed. niore signs of prosperity, perhaps, than on other charge. Indeed, "a. revival in fluence has nearly gone round the entire work. The Pastors zeal and devotion Li. JN. PRICE, ."T7 TT TT rut-nmrtit I s-t . . . xu. ii. iiAivti'i uiN, committee. J. M. ISRAEL, ;.- ) I jfeThe remainder of the proceed ings came to hand too late for this issne. have been signally owned, and blessed We shall try to publish tho whole jn our of God. - . j Our Presiding Elder has equalled his strength by his laboriousness, -and God hjis made use of his faith, perseverance" ar)d readiness to follow up the symptoms of returning vitality by appropriate labors, in greatiybuilding'up the waste next.Jm News. jjl ofiimin for the Ladies. We have culled nearly all the folio ing recipes from 'the Rural New Yvrkcr, one of the best Agricultural and jfam- :t t L i i t t i ' . -i ny x -apers now puDiisnea : . - f Ta P aptjI) WtrTTPW torirn W i J t n - n onno -if inn n r ii i mlilTTm 4- I. n. U A ,- I 1 T . nu : w.-ii.: ' u b Was.h wall, with; Vinegar and pur ui uiHiou .i iLuiu uiB uuunuo oi uiu on the paper witii raw-paste district, in connection with the labors and cold water ofj our ministry, there have been about yu will have no 3710 conversions, and 426 accessions to the (jnurcii - liiese things are matters ofjdevout gratitude'' to Qod. Our relation with other Churches have recipe is to take prepared as for tumbler of milk clear. After some time the sulphured air will evaporate and the fermentation, which ha3 been stopped by its presence, will again commence and throw the dreg? on the surfac. Before the return of this second fermentation the clear cider has to 4)e drawn from the cask and placed in another, well cleaned and sulphured. Thi3 process is repeated, three or four times, until the cider remains tolerably clear and the dregs have been secreted. The empty casks not used immediately Swine in Summer. In portions of the South it is customary to turn out hog's which have been kept in lots or in the field during the winter, as soon as vegetation has started suuicientiy to yield a partial meal, and as soon as the returning warmth invites the worms, &c, near enough to the surface to be plowed up by t'.e snout. True they are still fed some, hut rather with the aim to simply enable them to get along, (i. e. J to keep living,) than to keep them in a thrifty condition. A chief reason is that in that season corn is too scarce and high to be fed freely, and there is little also in tho cribs or barns that they can eat. The hogs of those who have no corn- become" very ill-shapen in consequence of feed ing so much on grass alone. Having this year to keep up some shoats until harvest. I found the common plantain very valuable. They eat it with peculiar avidity. Sometimes I had it pulled by the roots and sometimes sim ply mown. They appeared to relish it more than they did fresh, red clover, which I ordered given them until I dis covered their preference. I gave them salt frequently. A neighbor says it is best to Loil the plantain, and that hogs will prosper on dock leaves if they are boiled not the broad burdock, but the narrow-leaved species. oeen or an amicaoie nature. Jcjven the hostility that. seems to exist between the E. Church and our own is gradually teaspoonful in a To Can Frui i. e.i nour stirred together and trouble. - For Looseness of the' Bowels. 6 a spoonful of rennet, cheese, and taken in a hree times a day. An other: ne spoonful each of cinnamon,' rubarb, catnip and soda! Drink1 one f a'r a rnn n fii 1 1 r n fn'i nun r C vrm' tir 1 f ni giying place to a better spirit. Nothing is pore natural and usual than violent opposition to ecclesiastical innovations, orjthe introduction into a country, of nev forms-' of Christianity; but our Church has had the grace to pursue; a course of moderation towards those who catne among us as avowed disintegrators ancl absorbers. This moderation, dicta--tej-alike by sound policy and by religion hajs hot failed of it reward. The pas- tomatoes, cut. a siobs engendered by the. war and is end, put a salt-spoonful of salt, halfluns issues, having been softened by time and much peppery arid a bit of butter, the gr&ce, and notjinflamed by violence on size of a nutmeg,nin ?ach ; set them in a o-aj part, our brethren are beginning toy dish or pan, and bfcke in a moderate . till it gets thoroil rinse your can in set it,6n a cloth thicknesses, wet friiit into the can This I have tried i i' never broken nor Baked Tomatoes. eacup of warm1, water. .t First cook fruit rrMv CP.nldpil t)itHmrrti clear cold 'watef and folded in six or eicht. rj cold water dipyour and seal immediately.', several years and have lost a can thus far. Washfiv piece from th lodk upon us in a' more favorable light.oven for nearly an 'hour.j Take i have the frankness to confess that, the scheme of disintegration is a failure. 1 A ism I e or-six: ; l 5 stem -m.-i Pickled .Onions. Peelx the' onions them m,i , . . , , , , boil some strong-salt anuwater, and p ihev are beginning to come to a knowl- .1 i , . .? , ut it r.u ...4.u i. .-. c: 1, "tuj yuvt"uu., twenty-four hows; then take thqm up im yjs nbt, as they supposed founded with aJskilnmer ; i,akc some viacgaf bait onS -ery or the Confederacy but, ing hot fa toll whole pepperaUmus.- like all branches of he true Church, on tad seed' and ur it nnibns ho Rock of Ages. Ihe only d.smtegra- M t0 COver them J Avhen 'cold, cover fose. tion we have greatly to tear and guard - 1 h ; agiinst is that of the Devil, and the only A Nice - Lemon PlE.-Xakef;i com " absorption that of the world and the mon sized potato, fere, theft s grace ; to' flesh. WTe believe it to be our duty to it add one. teacup sugar, two-thirds rnp; exercise towards the M. E. Church a water.. Grate t:ie yellow froin 'n.. feeling of forbearance and kindness. It lemon ; ipeel the whitoofT and tlii'v is better to shorten, rather than to widen aside, aaCit makes the pie bitter. ' ' 0r , the breach bet tveen the twin-sister house- the pulp of the; lemon and add to tin.- holds of faith. rest of the ingredients. Bake with two " Whilst entertaining very littlehope crusts. Fannie m of a speedv organic union on proner t- principles we were, nevertheless pleased confined air, and not the bottle, that is with the dignity and christian courtesy, must . beduse in washing, tho bottle -? tha;t characterized the recent correspon- bein but partly filled with wate tl dence between the Bishops of the two air is but partly ?xpcllcd. After wash- Churches. We look upon the spirit of ;nfy thn Hottle. it shmrld h fillnrl tn nvn. " ! that correspondence -as, at least, the flowing with cold water, and it willbe j 1.- v ?. T i over them : cover, and . let them stand Squashes are considered good summer feed ; a gentleman in North Carolina says he has found them possessed of pe culiar fattening properties. X, in Ru- 7 IT 1 7 rai iew orcer. harbinger of more peaceful times. fniin,i rfontW fm fmmln,ct;eJ jLiieie never was a time wneu union anu Ohio Farmer. concert 01 action, to enable A negro driver of a coach in Texas stopping, to get some water for the young ladies in the carriage, being ask ed what he stopped for, replied: "lam watering my flowers." A more delicate compliment could nof have been paid. rotestant Christianity to combat successfully the various formal of infidelity and jcorrupt religion thaf have crept in among us wa$' more necessary than the present. Wefwould do well to regard; the admoni tioji of the jpostle "If ye bite and devour one another take heed, lest ye be consumed." If we had time we would reiterate, with emphasfs the many faithful deliver ances of the Church, on the vital impor tance of keeping up claSrmeetings, prayer-meetings, love-feasts and family worship, as means of fanning the flame of Vital godliness which has been kindled on our altars. I3ut the two great means of Sweet Pickles.- Correspon den t - of the Country Gentleman furnish the fol lowing : -. One gallon vinegar,! two,' pounds brown sugar, one f Ounco cloves, whole. I Rub the peaches with1 1 'woolen . qlotji :put them into a jar ; scalhe j . vinegar, sugar and cloves together, and pour it four times boiling hot overthe fruit, which mustberipe but not mellow;. This will pickle any fruit desired, anil has been well tested. Five pounds fruitL three, pounds s jgar, 'N one pint vinegar dissolve the sugar in ' 1- "..' n I '. .?: the vinegar 11 very strong adulterate a little-. Boil wc cloves, drop, in fruit and boil till done maintaining our spirituality, as a ' take out the fruit and boil the sirup.. 1, add whole! mace and I? fu .-:v .. 1 V
The Asheville News and Mountain Farmer (Asheville, N.C.)
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Sept. 10, 1869, edition 1
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