North Carolina Newspapers

T jffflfFfns--- rrF fVTJj - - ercisiog ihi most impodanLpower, and . M -. 1ft .11 . hsdso exercised it, as to impose a ru inous Burden on the labor and capital of the State, by which her resources "were exhausted -the enjoyment! of her, citizen curtailed the means of edu- -a --16rv a&iUii pet a'nnom one catin eontraeted--and all her inter- wrrw't- , :.; , s,,,t . - . - ii -i';:rr...r -nr. iitdwin ou.ii.wt.,... . cilia essentially ani imuriuuiT aucbicu. I rUtlUHIB, WtKI.T, SI. , LAWRENCE & I.EMAY. TEKMS. , wiw roiy leir o become iubieritcr, was a small State, that her population .,ri,iW ren aired to par the. whoU ih nnt mark tcd half 1 million of I I . at IflSTHH ........--- - " ' . a: crIu. i:. T)1HtST, OIl Miwcuma; uiicca line, J' j three timet for one dollar, and tweo- t,tM,MiiMaswadawaawsMa 3' ' DEBATE V :' . ( sent of lhc United States on the bill fur- provide to theeolleetiwi of dutiet oe ?iX CALHOUN'S SPEECH. jr.CALHQUN rose and addressed enaie. - r . . . . , c knew ijoi wincn, ne iiiu, was. I pbjectionable, theprovisjon of the or the temper in which its adop hi(f been urged. .If the extraordi onwers with which .the bill prot Id to 'doth the Executive, to the I bfoslratiofifnh-CBBtitotioo, (the rights of the States, be calcu I . . - .-..A-.. . lo impress our minns wua aiarm, he noid" prosfess of HespotiSiB tii rmintrv: the zeal with which every Wstapjce or exaggerate tne conauci oi va 1 in the controversy,, was seized w in a view 10 excite iwsuuit sKBufloopTaTnTrihealgdtlve souls; and "that morelhaii bne1itf were not of the European race. The facts were so., lie knew she tMer coyld be a great SUateand that the pnlj dis tinction to which she' could apire must be based on the moral and intellectual acquirements of her sons. "To the de-IrlopmenorthesermuchlirherVtteh .tion bad been directed; but'this restric tive jstem, which hatl so unjustlj ex acted the proceed of her labor, to be bestowed on other sections, hid o im paired the resources of the State, that if not speedilj arrested, it would drjr tip the means of education., and with it deprie her of the only source through which she could aspire to dis tinction. . . There' was aaother mintatement as to the nature of the controversy ,so fre- calculated" trt mwleadr that he Mt bound to notice it. It has been said, Jhat South Carolina claims the right to annul the ConsttiutTtin and tar"tifthe United States; and to rebut this sup? nfised claim, the centleman from Vir- might arise under - them; and not to make it the judge of the Coni'itutian, the laws, and the treaties themselves. In fact. ;t lie power of applr'm the jaws to the facts of the rase, and deciding upon such application, constitutes in truth the judicial power.. The dWn tion between such power, and that of judging of the laws, would be perfect ly apparent when we "advert to what is the acknowledged power f thp Court in. reference to-treaties. or compacts between sovereigns. It .was perfectly "established that Ihe Courtfc have no right to judge of t he violation of trea ticsT Oreat Britain had - just terminated, which, .with the restrictive system that that this power f expressly -conferred on the Supreme Court, by that portion of the Constitution which' prflvidei4preceiled-itr bd- diverted, a Urge. v that the judicial pwwer shall extend to all cases in law and equity, arising under the Constitutioathe laws of the United Statesand treaties made under their authority. - He believed the as- foundation.''- It obviously wis the in -tention of the Constitution -simply to make the judicial power commensurate with the law making and treaty-making powers; an J to vest it with the right of applying the Constitution;- the taws, mount of capital and industry from commerce to manufactures.: particular ly to the cotton nod woollen branches There was a debt at the same time of one hundred and-4hirty-millions jf thelieaVy war duties were still in exis tence Under these . circumstances Ae -question-wa-preseBtdr twhat -point the duties ought to be reduced? That question involved aoother--at what time the debt ought to be paid? and . the treatie,to the cases whicH which was. a question of policy,-in- nueirriT-tntde ttr debaterand so- well4 amt-lhoefdtenieaoIienOieif ' - . .a ... i .1 I ! ' rU 1 .. IK nk( f SnrlnsntV pea v-ef-thaf-troth erf v fel i nzttta Con stttntimrtn-prover-tht i he Cnjvd nre. thereof are tne supreme laws 01 the land; as if the State claimed the risht to act contrary to this provision of the uonstituiion. nouimg can ue more jeJroayguTlitT'Vbject i-tt-rfett laws made in pursuance of the Uon&ti el, na 10 wnicii arc inueuicu our ' beautiful Federal system.' It not bis intention, he said, to ad- ktft iJI .the ie niisrepresentations, but tt were VomT-io"well'"c'alcinaTearo V,d tle- mind, .as loJlhe jesl clia- l naofthr controversy, and bold up i gttte in a light to odious, that he I sot feel Jiimaelf justified 4a permit, 'gthett to psss unnoticed. " : "v"., - : Among them, one of the most promi- It was the JTtf llatetwcfltrthil f he i kct of South Carolioa was toxempt helf from her share of the public bur: ins. while she participated in the ad itarea of the .Government.' If the Irre were true--if the State were ca Me-of .: beinr: att u ated yffB38H low y -anworthv eaotivea, mother as he hsidered her, he would not stand up i ATi Tfloor To indiClteeoroffP'1 bong her fsults, and faults he would I deny she had, do one had ever yet irred her with that low and most sor i of vices avarice. Her conduct I all occasions had-teen marked itH verr onoosite. quality. From fhe rimencemeptofthe r;evolotionfrom breaking out at Bostoo, till this hour, State had been more profuse of its bod to the cause or the country: nor il .anv; contributed, ear; lareejrW Jhe ,T ram6D ,tr.ea8ttriri7lft proportion to her ia raitn ana popuiatioa. one naa 10 I rat proportion contributed more to the ports of the Unioa, on the exrhaoge x I which, with the rest of the world I e greater portion of the public bur L"' to had been levied, than any other .j late. ISii. the controversy was not i Ich al has been stated; the State di f Jt seek to' participate io the advanta-- Hw the Uovenimefit ixnottt contrr llinrker full share to the public trea ik JrrHerlbbject was fart different. 1 1 l.P. constitutional question lay at l U bottom of the controversy. -.'The , fal question at issue li, ha-the Xo. JrumWl.TRghrmMpi?1'uTttt e capital and industry of one portion the country, not with a view to re nut, bat to benefit another? aod he ust be permitted to aay, that after the ng and depp agitation uf this contro rsv, it was with surorise. that he kreeived a? atrone a dignoaition to isrepresent its reaK character, To rrect the tmpressronwhich "those isrepresentations were calculated to ike, he would dwell on the point an fcr consideration for a few moments nger Dowec is limited to the nzht of judijr simply of the violation of rights under thpin; and that the right of judging in-frattirfti4bets?nt--eclusiveip :-'t.--44i. parties Ifieraselves, and not to the Courts; of which we hav an example ifl. tJie French treaty, which was de consequence-l usviolatuvn oy toe uo-i. ot f rancs, wunmii saci tution, but those made without its au- thority, and which encroach on her reserved powers.- She claims not even the frizht of Judeing "of the delegated powers; but of those that are reserved, and torewst ine lormer wnen- wey e. croach : upon the utter. He woul.l pause to illustrate this important point: Ail must admit "iSa'f there are dele gated and reserved powers; and that the. powers reserved are reserved to the States respectively. lne powers then" of tH Government re:-diridd between the Generat and the Stale .Go trandhe-oiftmffle4atffy under consideration is, whether a Slate has any rurht to iudze as to the extent of its reserved powers, and to defend them against the encroachments of the General. Government. Without going volving in its consideration all the cir cumstances connected with ' the then condition of the country. Amoog- te most promimiiit arguments in favor.of an early discharge -of the debt, was that the .high duties which it would re quire to effect it, would have at the same time the effect of sustaining the infant manufactures, which had been farced -up under .the circumstances to which he had adverted. This view of the ubject hid a decided influ ence in tTetermininw in favor of ah ear ly payment df the debt. The sinking fund was' accordingly "raiied friim .se; yen to ten miirions'of dollars, with the nrovision to aDDlv the surplus winch so many years, without interruption, ral scope of. the' speech; but for every apinst that gtliant and goerous state, wocu ana aeniena? wnwa it .(unumeu. And why has she thus been assailed? But, said Mr. C. in asking this ques jterelv because sheahMained frem taction, it was not his intention: to repudi- kinj any pari in the Presidential can- ate the apeech. AH he ked was, that . vasj believing that it haJ degenerated he might be judged by the rules which . into a mere sjstem-of-iwposifion on in justice belonged to the case. - Let it" v the people; controlled almost exdu- be recollected -that the bill was a ; rev irvtl jrbttii(fe obtain the patronage' of tA-Govern -fbriatitfidal., He need not rem!r.dT ment; and that, without regud to prin-; the Senater when the measure Is cori cipk ot policy. ..Standing . apart from atitutional, that all arguments.calculated what she considered a contest, in which to "show its beneficial operafion-maybe"J-the public had no interest, ahe has been legitimately pressed into service,' with asssiled bj both parties, with a fury el-'out taking into consideratioa whether together unparalleled but which, pur. the subject to which the arguments re-( t , suing the course which she believed fer be within the sphere of the const! liberty aiid duty required, she has met lotion , or not. If. for instance; a ques- V with a firmness equsl to 4e fiereenetts tim wertbfireihe bodJo lay A dutr ofthe assault. Tnthe midt ortTnTaT- on bibles, and a motion be made to re tackf lie had ot escaped. With; a' duce the duty, t, admit bible Avij;: view of inflicting a wound on the State,' fie'e, who could doubt thshthe argu- through hinuhehad been held up as the! ment in faywr of the motion that tne aurhorinf-the- protective system; and ! increased circulaiion ofthe bibles would one of it m'wt- sirfnu'ouxjidvocates It was wyh piin tliaHie alluded to him self, on so deep and gravasuhject as that now under discussion; aid which, he sincerely believed involved ths lib erty of the country. He now regret ted. that? under the stnse of injMicT which the remtkc6fjiiSenatot from PjannsylvaaU, (MfrWi1klnl. ercned forth momtBtr,he.hid,hatilr;lgiten his pledge to .defend himself sgninst the gradiiat.ejlt;' chrg? which. had been mide - in refer1 -mpmliturf " Itteiice tVtircbuieSM6r not "thst prnmpnt .tarinrsiinn harf a Prpnrh chizen sut-d . combined with the fiscal action .of citizen of this , country ui.der the treaty, tlie Court could have lanen no ini!rhl"ren1aTS"fS the Trtasttryf as a contingent appropriation to that fund; and the - duties jp&th. mppl ihia increaaeu cincn wasfhosfhat the policy and justice of j there would be any difficulty in rpell protecting the large amount of capital ing the charge, but btciause. he felf a riit iiteiystsMehF km ibewi 4vertodvMi by Ihe jneasures of. ihe,OoyrnmTOtjj.ni;; to new xnanneturas ne-nau stated, was the Government, and.which. while itsecur ed a prompt payment of the debt, pre egnxMcJof-it4.-infiactionjn.or after rented thejmmencejossesjo the manu such a declaratian,wourd it havj..heard f9Ctirersr which woufd"liav'e ro1Tv?r i The Federal Government nasty an press provision of- the Constitution, h Tight:K Jayduttea onimports.--the State has never denied, or resist 11 this right; nor even .thought of so '..I-- - nt'i- - - . I... Lnnt... deeply into this: point, alt this stage of theargumentrbr looking into' the pa fure"ahn brljrfrl TTriFthe Gdvernmefit; there was a simple view of the subject which" he "considered as conclusive.- . f t i' i Pie very idea oi a iiviueu powrrrni piied the Tiglit ob tSepartMffi"Stlte, f.rr-whkhlie conindedt--rThe-. expres? sion was metaphorical when applied to power. Every one readily understands ihaT the division of matter consists in the senaration of the parts. Hut, io this sense, it was not applicable to. nnr. What then is meant by a ut vision of power? He could not Con nive of a -division, without giving an equal right to eaeh to judge of the el. tent o! the power anoueu iu ni Such right he held to be essential to; the existence of a division; and that to give to either party the conclusive right of judging not only the ihare allotted Id itrboj of that atlottedto the olher, was -to ariBul the tlivisioii, and would confer he whole power on the party vested with such right. But it i con tended that the Constitution has con ferred on the Supreme Court the right of iudirirv between the States and the '. - . 'Til Uonervl ' liovernmeni. inose who make this objection, overlooked, he conceived.'an important provision of the Constitution, uy turning io iae 10th amended article of the t-onstiiu- tion, it will De seen mat me rncia- tjon of power to the S tales not oniy. against the powcri delegated to Con- a4Hiiainja;..tui.U themselvesi-and extend ot eouni?, Jf. well to the Judiciary, as to the other departments of the Government. Xheriicje provide that all powers any argument or proof going to show that the treaty had not ueen vioiaieu. - . . i i.. I he declaration oi uscii was cuueiu slv on the court. But it- would roe asked how the court obtained the- pow ers Jd;pconpuace a law ortreatj un constitutional, when they comrmton flict with that instrument? He did not deny that it possessei the-nghty but he could by no means concede tnat it was derived from the Constitution. It had its origin in the necestiTty of the cise. Where there Were two or tnoref ales esUblished. one from a. higher, the oth er from a Wer jiuthorilyhickiOiMl come into conflict, in applying them to a particular case, the judge could not avoid pronouncing in favor oi me su perior against the inferior. It was from this necessity, and this alone, that WepTwerlhich'i nov set op to over rule the rights ot the states, agsinsi an express 'ijrovisiop -of-the-XJonstitUlipp, was derived. It had no other origin. That he had traced it to Us true,source, would be manifest from the fact, that Ij, wa - g power which, ao fir from be ing conferred exclusively on me ou oreme Court, as was insisted,1elong ed to every court inferior and superi or Stato and General and even to foreign courts Rut the Senator from Delaware, (Mr. Clayton,) relies on the Journals of the Convention to nrove mat u was me intention of that body to confer on the -' " i . r'-'L-i.-iA. -twi- supreme uourt tne rignt oi ceciumg m sudden and great reduction. Still, re-j yeni" wia.the"-aljOlbJ j tion butihe incidental. The bill to re duce therduties ' was reported by the Committee of Ways and Means, nd not of Manufactures; and it proposea a hsyy reductiorrotthe theflnexistrngrate V. ... - n . t . f ... If : .1 of duties. -.-un wnar or nseii,wiiHui other - evideneei was - decisive as to the character of the bill, is the fact that it fixed a much Jiigher rate of duties -on the unprotected than on the protected artlere.'" He-would-enumerate a fe w leading articles only; woollen and cot leeo raluitanceio .tutfliaz jlie, it;dtsrttt- t ' a t. v sion in any iegree, iroui ivtijrct w much'inagnllude'ld portance as the, consistency or -incon sistencj of himself, 6r anjr other imli- vidual; particularly in connexion with aa event so long since passed. B'ut forThishwty -pledge-,- h"Wttl4 oavt4 iiuincd silent as to his own course, on rfsment. as to the unconstitutionality f the protective- system. ' It was not 'cessary. It is . sufficient that the ower is.no where granted; and that from the journals of the Coavention irhich formeil the Constitution, it ; would eeoi -that it had" been refused. In iupport of theournaU. Tie oiizht cite be statement of Luther Martin, which iad been already referred to, to. show phat the Convention, so far from con Jerring the po wer 'on the FederalGo Wnment, had left Io the - State the fight (a impose duties on iroportsjiith he express view of enabling the several tales to protect their uwo manufac tures, . Notwithstanding this, Congress assumed, yithint an warrant Jrom Ihe Coasihijtioa, the ri jHt of ei not delegated totHeUntfed States, or prohibited by, ft to the States, are re- emd"to-tne Stater resnectivclyrJor to mo rinic. ,7 iiiis present mc uiuuuj, what powrrs are delegated to the Unit ed State? They may be classed un der four divisimni First, those that are delegated by the States to each other, by virtue of which .. the Constitution . . ... . ,.i . may be aitsred .orainfniie oy.mree . .s i t not been Contented with exercising i ' power as she had a right to do, but id gOor"OTep-beytm4 fposts, not for revenue, but for pro IctioD. This, the State considered as Ji unconstitutional exercise of power Highly injurious and " oppressive to jer and the other staple States, and accordingly met it with the most leterminrrf rrmiinco- He did oat in- fd t enter, atthJ time, into thai fourths of: the States, when.-without which; it would liave required the u nanimous vote of all.---TJext. tne pow er conferred on Congren; then thoe on the President; and, finally, those on the Judiciat Deoartmenti all of which are3frticu!lyiM parts ot the wonstnution. -wmip'wiiu-ilea' the respective departireBts. The reservation-ol powers to tne oiaies i. as he has Hid, against the whole, and is as full against the judicial, as it is a in? thicutive and legislative de i.artmehts of the Government- It could not be claimed -for the one, without claiming ;it for the whole, and without, in fact, iinullin this important pro vision of the Constituiion. Against this, as itrIppeare4 1 him," conclusive viewlirithe hjecfii ls Seettairgcd the last resort bet weea 1 Slate atid thej not- forTrotection be in favor of the morality and religion, of the country would be strictly proper? ' Or. who would suppose that he Who had adduced it had committed himself, ou r th cons'itotionality of fating the: re ligion or moral a of the country under, the charge of the FederaL Giverriment?r AgiinLSoppthe question to be tof raise The duty os si1kroranyther-ar-J ticle ot luxury, and . that it should be su onbrted oi me ground that it iH aa article mainly consumed y the rich . and extWagstit; ew it b fairly in- fVrred that, in the opinion of the peaK er;Congr(sTisd a right to pass aemp tusi:fUw.1OT.Ue: ou4thse on the tartll ot -ittm. iJiey mruea aiv- most entirely on the benenta wntcn manufuctares conferred on, the country in time of war. and which no one could - doubt. The country had recently pass d0Jishtilchrstate. The world' thiTiiciawoTrrndrotilit conflict; which ';; '; square yard, though they were i ing objects of protection, were re the lead- 2 objects of protection, were subject to a permanent duty ot only . su per cent, iron, anotner leauing arucie with patience and calmness. thi,L with the many other misrepresentations with whichtia hart been so tacesssntiy a sailed for many years. -ThachargeAhatho was 4Ue author ofjthje protective system had ao; other iunua tion but that he.1 in common with the el most entire Souths ginrehis suppiifftu the tariff of 1816 ' It is true that he ad vo cated lhat measure, for which he minht resthis defence. -Without ;taking an other, on the ground that it wati 'tariff on above' IH Valne of .gS.centa' oh the! for revenue,' and not fpction; woicn ne niu esiauutnen uctiiu power of controversy. But his speech on the occasion Kad been' brought in iudgment against him by the Sanator ih. nrntri.il h.nl a nrotectioii frouvPennsvlvaoia lis-hdsince of not more than 9 per ceuU is fixed by L c t Ju jeye4Jt??L the J2ch ; nd. he the act, and of but. 15 as reported in the bill. These rates were all - below the average duties as fixed -in-the ICtnn"' eluding the protected, the unprotected, and e ven theJTree article."" M r; C. said he had entered ioto some calculatioa in dirtier 16 assertaiw the::average rate of d u,li eg in the act.--a here was some u n ; certainty in the data, but he felt assur ed that it was not less than SO per cent, act valorem) showing an excess of the avera was, at that time; deeply agltateiT hy had so long rsged inBttropev aridrwhictlr., f nivooe could tell how soon sgain might- --1 rcturnB;haparte-haa -put -recently been overthrown the whole aoulbernf :c part oflhia continent waa $04 state of would surprise, he had no,doubt71ne Senator; by telling him nhsf f with -the etcntion of some hasty and unguarded expressions." that he-retracted .nothib he had uttered on that -occasion-He Bblyfl?kfir1ht he might ba judgeiUin reference lo lujil jihit spirit oflMt?; and justice which was tlue to the occa sion; taking into considerstion the ic cumstances under which it was deliver- ed,inTleaflrig in wind that the sub - and , imt rVvuiibben J w lhenerfereobefiheIo1yrAt!i4n which, had it ocetwredmust aIotjnt4 cessarily have involved this country in a M - i most dangeruus conaict.i. It was or.oer these elf cumstances that he had de '' tiveredtthe-apeechr in whicKbe ...Strged. the House,, that, tn the adjustment oij ianfffTefenVr a state of war, as well as peace; and that its provisions ought to be nxed on the compound vieWa ofthe two periods ' m,tkin-ne sacrifice in peace in 1 ; f if order that tne less might be msde in "war7TAVa thhprinciple false? and, in : urging it, did he commitlilmself to tha system of oppression since grown up, lif-'vliicliiW.AWoWet,Llhe ' ' en " - I riching of one portion of the country at'" ' ' the expense ot the otherr ---: ."i..i'.t iina that imnnwil inrt was a tariff for revenue. - . . . . J. . , . . I . . i- on the protected articles enumerated, lor protection; lor reaucing ami i r ,1,.. in n.r r.ni. tint thus raisinar the revenue.- But, i before clearly establishing the character of the he explained the. then condition ot measure, that it was for revenue andftue couatry. irora wmcn ni main argu General Government. He would not follow him through the journaia.as he did not deem that to be necessary to refute his argument. It was sumcient ir-hi nuroose to state, that, Mf uuit edge'Teported a, resolution provtain expressly that the United Mates aDd the States might Pe parties oeiore me Supreme Court. If this proposition had been adopted, he would ask the Senator whether' this very controversy between the United States and South Carolina might not have been brought before the Court?. He would. also-ask him, whether it -could be before the court as the Constitution now stand? If he answers the former io the allirma- tlve, and the latter in the negative, as he musVthenzLtis clear. his-elaborate argument to the contrary notwithstand ing, that the"repftrt-tf Mr Rutlelge was O0I in sunsiancc iniiicu a-.- contended; and that tha Journals, so far from upportirtg, are in-direct -op' niiinn t. me position which nt n- tempta to maintain. tle might pus Looking back, even at this distant ceived but, two errors inthe act; the menti in . favor of the measure were drawn, it was nothing but an act of jus- period, wimaU our expefience. he per-! tice to himself, that he should stale ri r . .. .. Ji Tr. '.li-l.i-tA: ".U fcl BHAai.li -'that fact in connexion with his apeechvjthat one in reference to iron, and the other i waa necessary to explain wnai ne nau Ihjsjnjnimu. As to the former, he conceived tnat tne the argument much further against the power 61 tne court, out ne um n deem it necessary, at least at mis s!ae of the discussion. If the views which had already beenreiented Oe correct, and he t'vi not see how they could be resisted, the conclusion was inevitabre, that .''the' reserved powers were reserved eoually- against every department oftbe Government, and as strongly againlthTjudicialsgainst ths other department: ana oi course were left under" the exclusive 'will ef the States. ..' " '' ;-..--.' Thvre atill remained another. misrep r&hta'tio of thfrcbndttct otthe Stste which has been made with the view of -ieitin odium. He alluded to the rhara that South Carolina supported the TaritT of 18lQf .and was therefore responsible for the' protective system. To determine the truth f-thi charge it becomes necessary W ascertain' the real character of lliaT law whether it was . tariff for revenue or for protec tion; which presents the inquiry; of what waathe-condition; ot jiue country itTthtptrtvd?-; late -wap-rtith bill, as reported, proposed a duty rela ti vrly too low, which was-atiH- further reduced in it passage through Con gress." The duty , at first, was fixed at seventy five cents the hundred weight; but, in the Ust stage of its passage. it was reduced by a sort of caprice, occa sioned by- an onfortuaate-owiioii, to forty five Scents. "This injustice Was severely felt in Pennsylvania; the StateT above all othera,v most productive of iron; and waa the principal cause of that great re action, which has since thro wn her so decidedly on the aid e of Hhe petcti noliey-The.ibeir .error, i . . - . . i i was that, as to-coarse cpuonsyon - wo ic-; the duty was as much too high, as that on iron was too low. It introduced, betides.-the obnoxious minimum princi pTerwhich has since beejT s ous v extended: anu. lo mii extent ne '---- . tZ ' L u . ..: n - was constrained, in candor, to acknow ledgers he wishad. to disguise nothing'. the protective principle was recognized by the actr 18l6. Uow this, was overlooked, at the time, it is not io his power to say.. It escaped his observa tion, which he can account for only on the ground that theprmciplr wise then new, and thai bis attention was engag ed by another important subject the ouesiion of, the currency, then ab ur- rnt. and with -which, as chairman . of n - . - . .. . the committee, newas particular y charged. ' With these exceptions, he gain-rpeatel,;h aa wnothing - Jit., the. bill to condemn. Yet, it was on the ground that the members from the State had voted for that bill, that the attempt is now made to hold up Carolina as re sponsible for the whole ay stejm of pro tectioq which has since followed though she has resisted t progress in every stage. ; Was there ever greater iniistict?-! And how waa it to be ac counted for, but as forming a part of that systematic misrepresentation and 1 iron vliicb ';,."".'-'',;-' a''. U'. ,;- called hasty and ungusrdedexprea liSftiIire'Wieeirwaa afiiwrpfcr and.aiauch. heiapologlied -rtothe House, as appears from the speech as nrintfed. foi" nilermg nia sentiments on the questions with'Mt: having duly re flected on the subiect. It was deliver ed at ths renoest of a friend, when he had not preously the least intention of addressini the llause; he alluded Jto SimaerD. Ingham, then and now, as he waa proud to say, a personal and po litical friend a man ot talents ana in tegrity with a clear had and firm and patriotic herf;.then amongihei leadin1inemberi of the House; in Ihe p.M"iy vaiaie iiwnjis pouncsi kov though now for a niomeiCdepressed depressed, did he" aay no! it was his State which was depressed Pennsyl vanla. and not Samuel D. Ingham! ' . - i --sip - . PefmsvUania. whch had deserted Imov undelr cfrcurastalice 'Sffpparewtfy-the-ifnie. 7el"Bifler essen tor their rest iheractefrv iucTi'va'ses . vaCttat''w14Iineaaurfr'i was proposed, tin? first thing Is to as ; . certain us consiiiuiionauiyi anu, imv bangrascertaioed, the next was its expediency,: which las; opened tne whole field of argument for and against; Every topic may be urged calculated to prove tt wise or unwise so in a bill to raise imposts; i It roust first be 'as-v certained that the tilt 1st based -on the priocipleaof revenue, and that The tno- ney raised is necess iry for the wants of . the. country.- f These Jbting ascertained,. every argument, direct ; and indirect, may be fairly offered, which msy go to .. hw4liatndee ail lhej;ir!Eflmstances, the provisions or the uiU are proper or ; i m proper. 7 Had- Ihis p''" ' a 'd si m pie" rule been adhered to, we "should never have heard or the complaint of Carolina. Her objection is not against the improv permodification of a bill acknowledged ; to be for revenue; but. that, ; underthe) name of -imposts, a. power, .essentially . different from the taxing power, is ex-i; erciscd partaking mucii mure of the character of a penalty than a tat. ; Noth- inr ig more common than - that things closely resembling in appearance should . j widely; and essentially differ in their ,, , j - ! JepretsingTbugTitTQTiseevstifd-liibiiTi in her estimation., lie cime to me.) Mr. C- said Mr. C.'when ait ting at my de.k writing, and said that the -House was falling into some confusion, accompany in it with a remark that 1 knew how character Arsemivfur instance; re; semblBi'floar.yer one is deidtypmson and the other that which constitutes thv staff of life. - So,duties imposed, wheth- - er for rswenue" or protection,' may. be v called imposts, tnougn nominauy m. said' he should now return to J his speech oft the Tariff of 1816. To determine what his opinions really were ; : on' the subject of protection at that, tiir.e.it. 6utd be proper to advert to' - JilQealt it wssto rally irlarge a-todyihfsentimrntt-bcfore And after : that i wheo once broken on a tatbilUai: had.,periodjlil -r?tnent .. preceding ? been experienced during the late war.il 81 6, on this subject, are matter of re Having a higher opinion of my influMcord. ;IIe came into Congress In 1812, . I , nra than it itrvil hft rrnueaied me a devoted friend -end supporter of tha I to aay amnething to prevent ihe confo- then administration; yet one of Ma - sion. i repueo, aaioi air. u., wi - arn mr w iu n, BU........T r was at loss what to aay; that ' Liiad tration. Jby opposing Us favorite meas- , been busily engaged on i the corrency,re We , restrietiye : system embargo, which was then in great contusion, end mon intercourse,- anu "an mu j whichits I hadatated. had heea placed jupnn the principle of free trade. TTio particularly under my charge, at- the system remained in fashion for a time; chairman f ih rnmmit Im nn that aub- !but. after the Overthrow oi Honaparte, ect. He repeated-hSs request, and the ,he (Mr. C.) had. reported bi irons speecn which tne senator iron . renn. sylvania has (complimented, ao highl was the result. ,,t - L4IeMr. C3 would askwhether ne facts stated ought not, in justice, to be borne in mind by those who would hold him ttccunuWt,ot wlj for the gen the Committee on Foreign Relations, tV repeal ina wnoio system oi rsnnun measures. While, the bill was under consideration, a worthv man, then member.of the House, (Mr. McK.im. ol BaJtitnore,) moved to. except the nanv- P . ' i-i..-i--.-SF3:.y