North Carolina Newspapers

110. 17--:v k T v HALEIGII, IT. O. FRIDAY, APIUL JLS, 1033 VOL. 2TIOV Jnd Aorth Carolina Gazette, TKKMS, l.tfmv '-tare dollars per annum or . ir an auunvft-. ...... ... w.... .nt be allowed to remain In arrears lonrr nn M.:,un iki. 'jr66'1liirdtirr? "t """rilisra,IU. U ! :ii k irictlT renuireu to pay ine noie a- ! f the eruberiiitiori in advance, .nifiiMWM, not eiceedina; Gfteep lines, "Lrted tlirec time for one dollar, and twen- 1 U , iih to the Editor mail be pott-paid. I SPEEC tl OF I M It. C ALHOU& L tlx resolutions submitted by bin in he,S- gtte ot tb Unitea state aurinj the law les ion CnSre,, relitlTS to the power of the General and State Governments. Mr7 CALHOUN laidf - When the II. with which the resolutions are nnnKfearti'ddiicoiironj'-the enator from Massachusetts thought roper.te give his remarks a personal firing to .reference to myself, I had lid nothing to justiiy . tors, course on fiit f that, gentleman, 1 had, it irne. denounced the bill la. strong ..u. ,hirh "crneem narlTamentif r 007 niis j"--c- n . .r- , r . 1 IpmTmm permit; nor, stronger thaa the ,cy n r . . -. i r jfaCter 01 ine Ol", nu ueartngpp jhe State which it U my honor to re f-lrtdha iTi wilt not IheriaTWtlsrf intend d if such had been his inotivesjj out till, I must be nennitted to, ask, if he otended nothing unkipili what wss,the ,hject rtha Senatort , ;,vvas his motive atrenKthen a cause which he feels to wcatrbygiving"lheisuso Wsohal direction?; If such was hit aotive, hW experience at a debater Wht to' have taught blm that it was Ue of those weak devices Jvhich teldora fjilt t react o those ,rha report to jt,. if hi motive a to acquire popularity, cv tttaeking one who volantarily, and rem a tense oi uuij-t-huim rUtioathatJ'rrtylHdh ution were at ttake, bad identified .mwir with an anDopular question, I C.tt aa'ta dim. that a true sense uf lignity would hav impelled him in an ipposite directmn. Among the posei tie motives which might have iofluenc i aimriherr it- another, t -the impu ttion of which he It " exposed, but thich certainty I wilt-ot attribute to iiia that hit motive waa to propitiate a t certaio high quarter -a quartet in ,bich e must tbolfiariio onefitil ;9ld be more accepiabjehan?the:im?: nolatioo of the. character of him who itw' addresses you. But whatever my have been the motive of tbV Sena or, I can assure him that I will not ollow hie example. I never had any uclinatien ta gUdiatorial. exhibitiona in he halls bflegislation; and if I now had, ! certainty would not indulge them on a solemn a question; a question which, a the opinion of the 8enttor from Mae sichttsettt, at expressed, in debate, in rolves the Union of these Statea; and n min. the Libertr and the Constitu- ion of the coitntry. Betore, However, tsnclude the pretatory observations, Bant allude to the remark which the mfor made at the termination of the rjqment of my vfriend from Mississip I. IMr. roioaeXter.I t Mnueraiuou he Senator to tay that, if I chose to put t issue hit character tor consittency, e stood ore oared to- vindicate ; his WutselaMure, . Jhe Senator that I . fsr.tiyv 11V IUw -vm "iSj Tw " . consistency, r that ol any other, mem ... ber of this body. It it a subject in which I feel no concern; but if 1 am to understand the remark of the Senator at intended Indirectly as'a chaltenge, to puTirfiWue-the-eonststeney-aFHny Vnnrt as eomDtred to his own. I have !to tar that, although T( do not accept of hit challenge, yet it. he enoukl think "proper Vraake a trial of characterioo that or any other point connected with WrpuWic-on4uct,-aod-.wUlaelect..a .Wtable -occaaioni - I ttand , prepared ..to 'vindicate my course, at compared with Vis, or that of any other member of this body, for con8istency f onduct, puri f of motive, and devoted atUchraent .to the country and its institutiont. Having made thete remarkt wnicii ! -. . . . piive been forced upon mr, I shall now l .1 ' . 1 . id. .nL!rl mffr0 .the Senate, and in order that it may, (with'' all ittbearinge. be fully under- mch I introduced the resolutions. They were wtroducedjn-,cocnexion with the bill which hat. passed thit House, and it now pending before the other. That bill waa couched in ge neral terms, without naming South Carolina or any ether State, though it was understood, and avowed, by -the Committee, as intended to act directly on her, j'T ''r .''- ' Believing that the Government htd no right to use force in the controversv, and that the attempt tbintrbduce n rested upon principles titterly tubver tive ot the Constitution and tne sove reignty of the Statet. I drew up the re toluiiout, and introduced them , ex pressly with the view to tettthose prin ciples, vith a desire that they thould b discusaed and voted, on Jbefore the biU reaae up for consideration The (&ZlrtUeM m tdcr on whicfiihey are based: L. Jiki - rm-tainlr itoti-and- Mr.: Ci re-1 hie arrnmcnt' asainsi the reso! majority ordered otherwise.: The re solution were laid on the table, and the bill - taken np-for dicusiion. ...Uar derthi arrangement., which it wa un- Jderetood originated with the Commit tee that repurted.lhe bill, I, of course concluded that its members would pro ceed in the ifiscussion. and explain the pnncipiei, anu ine necessity iodine rr would enter mtn the dimusiioo, aniLparticu larly those from-South Carolina; urf demanding, however, that by the ar raogement of the Committee, it w al totted to the Senator from Tennessee twnrlse--th1iJscuHion, on the bill, I waited to the last moment in expects tion of hearing from the Senator from Massachusetts. He is.a member of the committee. But not hearing from him, rose to speak to the bill, and as soon as I hail cnntludedj the Senator from Massachusetts arose, I will not say to reply-t meiniT cerUioJy not to tlisllspeech- id. fcongrtss, kpciking of. the cus the bill, but the retutions which had been laid o.n the table, as I bare stated. I di not state these facts lit the, way of complaint, but in order to explain my own course. The Senator having "directed his" argumentagaint ToTiei zelne-firstr ppftrtumty - io-ea H them up from the table, ami to assign a,day foe their discission, in the, hope not only that the senate would near me in their vindication; but would also for t j!pjHsttHiy "W.JWitajf ijte prioci-H Missachusctts, in utions, dtretledisattacle almost ie4osivyls against the first, on the ground, I sup pose, that it was the basis if the other two, and tftirtfnlesrbe;fi demolished, the others would Xoftow of cou rse. In this he was righ t. As plain and s simple at ihs . facts t con.r. tained in the first are, they cannot be admitted' to be truei without admitting the doctrines for which I, and the State I represent, contend. He (Mr. W.) commenced JiUatiack: Criticism .on the resolution, in ihe J aMa nl ikia Kf c -nn I Vt at nrast course of which he"objected atrot"Styitirei i ,.. . mi i ' . eomponne theae United State, are united at two svofdsj 'coftititutional!' and ' ac cede." - To the former, "on the groii nd that the i"word,"ti 'utedrtcohittlutroifai compact,) watobscure that it con veyed "no definite meinrbg;and :that the constitution was a noun substan tive, and not an adjective. I regtet that I have exposed myself to the criti cism of.ihe Senator. " I certainly did not inteod to use" any expression oFajmiset and eonctu5ion.-which the Sena- doubtful sense; and if I have done to. the Senator must attribute it to the po verty of icylanguage, and uot to de- BTgh.nt tor' wilt excuse tner 'when be cornea t hear my apology, In mattera of criti cism, authority is of the highest impor tance, and Thave an authority of to high a character, in this case, for us ing the expression which he considers so obscure., and so uoconstitutional. at will jastif mu xvenjnj hisry eaV Itis no less than the authority of the Sena tor himself given" on a solemn occa sion (the discussion en Mr. FooCt re solution,) and doubtless with great de liberation. aficr,vhaving duly weighed the force of the expression. Here II rr:: CV - read iron .M r, AVebster's speech in reply to Mr, Hayoe. in the;. Seoate of the United States, delivered January 726, i 183fi as follows.- "The domestic slsvery of the South t leave where I find it in the hand of their own - governments.-It is their affair, not mine. Nor do 1 complain of the peculiar effect which the magni tude of that population has nau in me distribution of power under the Federal Government, . We know, sir, that the representation of the Statet iq the other House is pot equal. We know that rreat advantage; in that respect, it en joyed br'lhe stive holding States; and ouivalent for that advantage, that ie to tay, the imposition of direct taxet in the tame ratio, hat become merely nomioalHhe-habit of theJJoveirnment being almost invariably to collect its revenues fronvother source soa in ptner odet NevertheleW,.M . . . . " - "T1t: .: '- il'-.-hj! :rt-i .",. -a..- C 1... plain; nor : would i countenance any movement to alter thit arrangement of representation. It is the original bar gain the compactlet it atand Jet the advantage of it be fully enjoyed. -. . It-! V.. tr . " t t r I :. ine union itseu it too tun ni uencuie to be hstafded Tin proposition lorn changing its orginal basis. r 1 go for the Constitution t it is, and for th Union at it is.. But I am resolved not to" subtnitr in - silencer to accusations, either against mvself individually, or against the North, wholly unfounded and unjust eccusationt which-impute to ut a disposition to evade the comsti TUTiOKAt compact, aod to extend the power of the Government over the ir.-i ternal laws and domestic condition of -the-State.'.'.'.-..:.-.-.: -yf'v --.".- It will be seen bv thit extract, that the Senator not Only uses the phrase " constitutional campact,V which he now ao oanch condemns, but, what is still mora imnortant, he callt the con- ttitqtion Ttsetf t compactr! a bargaioy which contains important eomiaaiona, having a direct and powerful bearing on the main issue involved in the dis cussiOn, as will appear in the course of hit remarks; : Hot. B ttrong aa nit on- iection it to the word constitutional," It 'ia trui-aHroDgct: mjuizy.zz: Zz. .- L..3 cede, which, he thinks, has been in troduced into the resolution with some d eep design, as, 1 su ppose, to e nfrap the Senate into "an-, admission of the doctrine of State rights. , Here, agsio, jmot inciter myteljf under aothoritr. uut i suspect mat tne senator, by a sort ot instinct, for our instincts of ten straocelr run before our know- ;ii&LtiJSevIn MchS?!,,l account Tor .foiaveraioQ'frrTnV that this authority wm no. less than Thomas Jefferson himself, the great apost of the droctrineoT State rights. The word was bo rowed from him. - It II was taken from the Kentucky resoNi trarwenillh'eHittfiBcTonne re" snlution itself. But I trust thiTt msy neutralize whatever aversion the au thorship of this word may have excited in the mind of the Senator; by the in troduction of another a thort tba t oi Washington himselt who. tn , his artmtssion of "Nitrth Uarolina Into Uie Unioa, uses this very term, which was repeated, bv the Senate in their-reply. Yet, in order to narrow the ground be tween the Senator & myscl as much as PM sible. I Mrill accommodatejnjjelLta his strange antinathv against the two unfofntteworrby striking -the nv qut of the resolution, and substituting Linjt,heir :place thoie very Swords whiqh the. senator iHmself has designated as constitutional phrases. In the place of tntjtaYe4: adjyei;ttmtHjaiiiafe at' t will insert the very noun sub s stantie, " constitution;an(l r in the place tf the word ' accede, I wiH in -sert the word " ratifv," which he de- . Let us now see how. the resolution stand, and how it will read after these amendments 4lere.Mr. ,C. sjidtlie. resolution as introduced reads - Resolved, 1 hut the peoiile of the tcveral State, .eonjposjng - these JUoi5utei, are united a parlie to eoliilitut;-naC eomptct, to which the peopra tii eacn sihiq aoveiieii a avpwiue ami i . i . nwii. anmmunilv. ah hindlnv tl n-tr Irv tliOttTltrT W1JO- ovn particular ratiliuuon ana. that the Union of vhioh Ihe said eompnet i the bond, i an U nioq between tte Statet ratifying the same. , &A s proposed- to be Impended parties to a ootnfmct. nnilcr llie title uf the Hon- litution of the Uoitecl Sltet, which the people ot each Statetatnied asa-aMtrateand aosereiga eomnianityt each binding itself hjr its own par. tieulai ratification, and that the Union, of which said eorapatt il the bdtitf; h ait I7nht tow the States ntifj-inj the same. Where, sir, I ask, is that plain case of revolution? Where that hiatus, at wide as the. globe, between the pre tor proclaimed would be apparent, if the resolution was reduced into consti tutional language? For- my parf, with mv-oow rwwers of conxeptionr,I,co.; not perceive the slightest dilTerence be tween the resolution at first introduc ed. and as it is proposed to be amend ed in conformity to tne views of the be nator. And,, instead of that hiatus between the premises and conclusion, which seems to startle the imagination of the Senator," lcan perceive nothing but iTEontinuouiand olif turfacer-euf- ficient to sustain the magnificient su perstructure of State rights. Indeed it teems to me that the Senator's vision it distorted by, the medium through which he views every thing connected with the subject; snd that the same dis tortion which has presented to his fma gination thit hiatus, aa wide as the globe, where hot even a fissure exists, also presented that beautiful nd clas tictl image of a strong man tlruggliog in a hog, without the power of extricat ing himself, and incapable of being aided by any friendly hand, while instead of struggling in a bog, he stands on the' everlasting rock of truth. Having now notired the criticism of the-Senatori- l-eha.ll: preceed to meet and repel the main asssult on the reso lution, lie directed his attack against the strong point, .the, very horn of Jhe citadel of "State rights. The Senator clearly perceiveitllsat tf hr-twrtJrtittt-4 tlon be a compact it was pnssioie to deny ,the assertion contained in the solutions, or to resist the consequences which I had drawn from them, mid ac cordingly directed his whole fire against dfture of trohiunirion; hot the ialightest impression, so far at 1 can perceive, hss been made. At least the work it not reduced t that heap of ruins to which the fire of the French artillery reduced the citadel of Antwerp. " I will - not however, pretend, to decide whether this it owing to the difference in the skill and force of the assault, Or in th difference of the ttrength"of.the works. . But, to drop the .aimileaftef a careful examination of the notet which I took ot what the Senator said, I am now at a loss to knowwhethe.rinjlhe opinion of the Senator, our constitution ' is a compict or not, though the almost ; entire argument of the Senator was di- rected to that point. At one time he would teem to deny directly and posi-! tivilV that it waa compact, svhiie at t another he would appear io language not Jeat ttrong to admit that it was. . I have collated til that the Senator hat taid upon thit point; and that what I have lUted may not appear exagger ated.-I trill read hi remarks. in juxta position. He taid that ; The constitution meant a govern ment, not a compact. Not a constitu tional compact, but a sjovernment. if comnact. it rests on plighted faith, and iue,jnodt;jfre de dare the whole voij.' 'States may se cede, if a league or eompac;. I thank the Senator for. these 'ad missions, whtelt I intend to use hereaf ter. T-Here Mr. C. proceeded to read from his notes. " - t ' ..,7- ; J " 'llie States agreed that each should participate' io theTOvereignfy of the Certainly, t very correct concep c6nstttuti6rirburwTienrm(ru they makeHhat agreement but by the constitution, and how could they agree but bv compact? ' , "pThesystem, not a compact between ,SttCa.thek..sxiereigaapMityrW a government proper, founded on ihe a doption of ihe. people, and creating in rlrvidunl reUtinns between itself and tlif cit'iAens." r. This the Senifor Iny down as a Jeading, jTHnJjLijoenjyii PX' Jifipi? Jill ?!! tain his doctrine, and t must say, hy a Atranje confusion and uncertainty of ianwuig;l hot. certainty, to be f xpaTit eil by any want of cmninaml of the most appropriate wonU on his part. - " It does not call itself a compact, but a constitution, Tli-consttoiiw rest s onj-sfcora pact,- bu t -i fe is n4 tgera j-r-1 wuld sk tOrwhat com pact tlnra lb VSVVpav S.envtor refer, as that on which the coni stitutioft rrsts?,Ll3efore the adaption uf the present constitution, the States had formed but ooc compact, and that was gentleman does not intend to assert that th present:onstitutifln re,sts upon thatf uaat, then in meaning? Wnax cm it be, but that th. constitution itself is a. .cotDpsstJLS Bil h ojw jyllbl.ilanguage read when fairly interpreted, but (Hat the constitution was a compact, but is no longer a compact. It had, by some means or other, changed'tt nature w become defunct " A roani.; ia' almosrin'ftui'St ca'ls the. constitution a VUllipSVti nmntif " ' I fear the Senator, ih calling it a com. pact, a bsrziin, has called down this heavy denariciation '"on bit own bead.! He finallv-tatea4hat 1 1 is found ed on com pact, but not a cempietwultajrqnia -To-what are-werio-attribute .4tel ttranee confusion of words? The Sena- -tor has a -mind ef high order, and per fectly trained to the most exact use of language. - No man knows better the . r . . . precise import of the words he uses. The difficulty is not in him but in his sbjetHeha.4indrUkettorjive. that this constitution is not a compact, undertakea a task, which, behis strength ever to great, he must be,oppressed by itAlweighJU, argument of -4h e Senator . together, J would tay that it is hit impression that the constitution is not a compact, and will now proceed to consider the reason which he hat assigned,, for this opinion. ,' He thinks there is an incompatibility j between constitution and compact. To ( the Nation determine the form of Go prove this, he adduces the word r-4 vernment, and the tnanner uf. succeed detn an4-eMaMi freamWe of the constiturionrrl confess nants betwixt (he people amljhe persun am not capable of perceiving in whatjon whomihey .confer thts'-snverjeignty, manner theae words are incompatible which regulate the manner of governing with the idea that the Constitution is a ; compact. The Senator will admit that a single . State mas ordain a compact, and wbere'is the diUictt'ryi tawhere the Tncompatibttity ' of two Statea -concur-rimr in ordainin? and establishing a constitution? As between the Statea themselves, the instrument would" be a compact; but in reference to the Go vernment, and those on whom it ope rates, it would be ordained and estab lished ordained and .established by Ihe joint authority of two, instead ol the single authority ol one. Tne next argument which the Sena. tor. advances to show that the language of the Constitution is irreconcileable with the idea of its beiag a compact, it taken from that portion of the instrument which imposes prohibitions on the au thority of the States. He taid that the re-langaage used in imposing the prohibi tinns, is the language of a superior to an inferiofrarrdThattherefore-it-was not the language of a compact, which im plies the equality of the parties... As proof,- the - Senator tshed i y the; teteeat. provisions of the Constitution which provides that no State shalkenter into treaties of alliance and confederation, lay imposts, &e. without the assent of Congress. If , he hsd turned ' to - fha articles of the old Confederation, which he acknowTedg"es"td have been a "cotn ' pact, he will find that, thnseery-piro-hihitory article of the Consiituiion art borrowed from that instrument. That the language which he now considers a Implying superiority, was fskenerba tin, from jt.:.Ifhehad ey fended his researches stilt, farther,; he would find that it it the habitual language used in treaties, whenever a stipulation is made against the performance of ,"any act. Among many instances; which 1 could cite 4fit were- necessary,,;! refer the Senator to the celebrated treaty nego tiated by Mr. Jay with Great Britain in 1793, and in which the very language used in the Constitution it employed. To prove that the Constitution is pot a compact, the Senator next observes that it stipulates nothing, and askt, with an air of triumphiwhere are the evi dences of the stipulations between the Statet? I must express my surprise at this interrogatory? coming Eroitf ;io in telligeht'a tonrce."-. H it the- SeMtor never teen the ratification of the Con stitution by the several State? Did .he not cite hem oh this very occasion? Da they 'contain 1 no" evidence of this s4pulation on the" part of Lthe States? Nor isie assertion less strange", that the Constitution contains hoafipalatior,. So far from regirding it in the light Hi which the Senator regards it. I conshfer the whole instrument but a mass'of s(ip to which the Senator refers when he state, in . the Course of.' hit argiLHint; that I'ach State had agre'd to .particit pit in the soverHgntr of the others? " Ba,--thetadp4fiTirtm?nC"W which .the Senator relied. tohotV that the Constitution is not a compict", rests on the provision! , in that instrument which declares that thiCnniiitutiun, and the law tnad in pursuance thereof, and treliyjiniile on are the up?eme!TawV of"t&junaiiit',,j lie anKe i, witi marked emp'n-u. ran a BflitbtUp land? ( ask. in- return,' whether- trea ties are not compacts, and whether treaties as wellas the Constitution are he-upreue4a jtfj t he 4 snd? - II is-argitmentijn -factrt t conclusively proves that trestles are not elconipacts a it d net that this constita ;! tin ii is not compaftt. I m'ght rest this point on this decisive answer: but as I desire to leave not e shadow ofilmibtrrttu'wnfjhjtuai of'Amer- on this important point. I shall fottow lie i tlftfifie i contitulion fo be a fun- ijjtir?ttti iivr,-whieh-fi:itni35e4he Go vern me nt, n d - points Lou t th e mm e of its actiun.l:-I wilt hat object iothedei ffmiloh. tloalrTi7TirmvTiDtnTdT appropriate one, or at least ouej better adapted to American ideas could be fiWakMyoRttio n ji naUt? Jh e. d e . finitinn, but" to the attempt to prove (hut the fundamental laws of a - State caiTribr pe S seems to snnpose. I hold the verv re verie to be the case; and ibit, according to the .mosf approved writers on the4nioih Mtabli' suhifctof Governmeht, these very fun dttnentat Jawy which?.arav, now stated noLonly ootJo .bejtompacti, but incnn siitent with the very idea of compact, are held j n v ariabjy to bo compact; a ml TOhaJicharctera the ordinary laws of the country. "I will cite a sinlt authority, which ii full and explicit on this point, from a writer of the highest repute. - Burlamsqui tiy. vol. 11. part I, chap. J, sec. SJ. 36. S7, 38: " It entire. If (iepe.i.U upon a free people to invest the sovereigns whom they place over their head with an authority either ab solute or limited by cet(iin laws. These-. regulation sTbywhlchtheu pFeme aotKf)Tp.CMO ars called the ftmdiyitnw laws of the State" , '.'.-.. ' i.' -:.!!: The fundamental laws of! a Stale taken in their full extent are Bot only the decrees by which the entire body of and by which the supreme authority is limited." ;. " These regulations are called fun damentaij,4wj -beeu-thy- are- the basis s it wertsand foundation jof the State on which the structure of the go- jvernment isjiied, and. bfeaose the people look ..upon these Yegulatious as their principal strength and support.".: " The name of laws, however, has been given to these regulations in an improper and figurative sense; fur, pro' perly speaking, they are rtat tovtnmtv But at those covenants are obligatory between-lheoofttfactingarUer4hey have the force of laws themtelvei.M - The same 2d vol. part 2, civ-1, sec. 19 and 22, in part . "The whole body ofthe nation, in whom the SU pre me power originally reside? may-regulate the Government by a fundamental law in such manner at to. commit the exer cFse of the different parts of the su preme , power to different persona"or bodies, who may act independently of each other iir regard to the rights -com initted'te themY bu to the lawa froth which those rights are derived." 1 , -('.f v-r---'''.' r And these fundamental larwt are real covenants, or what the civilians call pacta conventa, between tho differ ent ordera of tne JlepuMic bv which they stipulate that each shall have a particular part ofthe-sovereignty, and that thia shall establish the form of GovernmefltTiIi,: it r evident. lhaCby these meant each of : the contracting part es acquires a right, not only of exercising the" power granted to it. biit also of preserving that original right.".! A reference to the constitution of Great Britaini" with which we are bet ter acquainted than. " with that, of.any other .European. Goverjfmentv .will show that ! it'la a cbmpacf. Magna Chartamay certianly be reckoned a morig the fundamental lawt of that kingdom. J Now, although it did not assume originally the form "of a com pact, yet before the breaking up of th m6etin of the Barons, which imposed it on King Johnrit was reduced Jnta the form of a covenant, atd duly tiger ed by -Robert Fitxwalter and others. pv the -c pn;thejne nart, and the K.ing on ;tae otheri ' - - Batwe hive a more decisive proof that the constitution of England it a compact, in the resolution of the Lords and Coinm jnsin 1633, which declared, tht King Jame the Second having eitdoavored to subvert the constitution iiff (he kiig loin, by bmk ing the origin al Contract bet ween the king nd peo ple; and havinj, bv the advice of Jesuit ianu other wicked persons, violated the self out f the king loiii. hath abdicated the ,Gie'rninbht-iin'l,that the throne is thrrbyh'ei.oine vacant'.? t'" v ' upu- the "ubjct f Government, or " inquire into the constitution! of foreign SUi when 'there, are softh 'decisive proofni t'ut ou Constitution is a com -ptci?, Oi thUp-iint ihe Senator is el- tikpiptd. j I luirrow I coin the gentleman. and thank" Mm fir the" word.' His adpt- i : eT S? a f e7wTiTcf ioTaut ?epre'sertl' on t'u n mr, ami his native State, the Stiiof M mkitiimwmi .Near Hamj:"rf-shn-e, borh t j.clared, in their rati fie al ion of the const Itatiirn, that it was a com " psctT.ae. ratnleat'ioa of' Mitaactui' setts it in the fvillwia? '"rIst . i , . PenpU ofihe (hmwnwedM of Afur . iaf.tmU 6.1788.! - - - - TJCrvenior h ivifi" m p rt iatfy7: dicosed ahd fully considered the Con- ica, reported to Congress bf'the Con-'-.'. ventiort of l)jle 'ite frm" the United ' ta1eao?TffW by fiMnturbn-trft'it General Court saidIComittjiweaijh ;jheV2Jth; f'lging with grateful heart the gW1' versei m ail truing: ine-.i vupie oi,,tne United States, il jne course of hU pror vidence, ! an pppxwtunity, deliberately and peacftbty,rf, prise, of entering into an .exoHcit and atrma-?cmpac:vUhu-Lsk:erY assenting to 4nd ratifying a new consti tution, tn orrter to t,urm a mare perlect tic tranquillity, rovida forthe com Won defence, urujnotu ,tm genera!, wel fare; and tecure the blessings of liberty : fo"theinfelye indjof lassachusettsf T assent to, and ratify, the said Constitu- 1 tion for ; theUniied Sutea ofmerv-S-f The ratification oL New Hampshire ' IS; taken Irom that ol . Massachusetts, and almost in .ihe . tame !Vord, Bat i proof, if possible still more decisive, may be found in the celebrated resolu tions of Virginia,. ol the alien and ie-' rtiTJonar3nf98rl iho-fspas of Massachusetts and the other States. Those resolutions eipwssly assert that the CtHistitotioft 4-n compact between.! th'lStarFr"fnrthfoilownyHanpi ere M r, U. read Irom -the resolutions uf yirg1nla",aafonowfj TTvu"."" !,;'Tht. thit assembly doth explicitly anj peremptorily declare that it Viru' the power vf the federal govemmmf, at multingtom the compact, lit which the plain and utftftliontofi Ihe inirtt''W mmi, coniJuiinsr thai comnaa nrnir" farther valid thaii lhey:pulhorlxtiil by iie grantt enumerated m that cons- j pactf and that; in edie of a deliberattt patfiuhle and dangerout exercise of other-, power not sttahted bo ihe taiJcnmndct. iht&ittti jpJMr r partie thereto have i. ri. r -.... j..,..' i i:::. ft. f ie'poiefor arresting iheprogres- ofthe cil,an l for maintaining, within their reip'cttoe limits, the author'dieK right. and lihertie jippertaintngjtf lhem,''K;2l-J. I ."That !hn General AsembI doth " I also express itt deep, regret that a spifV it has ioaundry instances been mani fested by the Federal government ti enlarge itt powers by forced constoctions of the constitutional charter, which de fines them; andthst- indications have appeared of a design to expound certain general phraset.fwhichhayjne. been copied from the yerylimited grant of powers in the former article of confed- !i"! eraTion,iW6fnhileir:tiablff to ba mlt -" construed,) so as to destroy the mean, ihg aod effect of the psrticolar epumer f ation whicli-necfssity expUinaJ antl.lim?-;' ita the general phrase, and to! s to", consolidate': tht Stqte by , degrees into ;' , J$MV?ffi Tt and inevitable result 'tf whkf7wQulile?i: to transform the present republican y- j few of ifu United Stale into an altsot:f j lute ot at lest, a mxidtnonarchy VTr f. They were sent to the aercral $tate. ; We have the reply of Dlaware,. Near ij Yorl: Connecticut iNavi illaotpshireal:. Vermont, and Massachusetts, not one f of w'dch contradict this important at- I tertion on the part of Virginia; and by their ettence.-f hey all acquiesce jniU t ruthi-vTbe case is still ttrojigeragaiaitf r M sstachuSett, which expressly. recog-"!! ' nixes the fact that tha Constitution) a compact.'.-;?!': 'vi-A:4Ui:FXi:Y,!'.x ? ; In her answer she tayt Hre,Mr," ! C. read from the answer tf Massichu setts as follows "But they deem ; it their duty aotemnly to 4ecUre that;, s while they hoid' sacred the pruiciple i that consent ofthe people is the only pure Source ofust and legitimate power, -they cannot admit the right ofthe State Legislature todenounce the sminiitra- tion of -that government to!" which Uie people themsexve, bya sokmn, compact have exclusively: committed their na- I '. . . " 1 .1 L - TH" uonai .concerns . son, uuous'i-, aj liberal and enlightened vigilance among; ' the people,! always to beher"uhed,'yet i !. : aftSinreaeoAabl jealuwyoitisfj; I i