it!
I
'tiii
W.
,
I.
t;
to
t
tew
J,
-1
e ',
:X:.JlllJl:,. ,'cidy Wj&Z:
r - " fV ! ut paTuivrui, ui me national iicc jn .jnvtiinii, uti jjuutia
U .Artfc7M'Wiiw uazaur- 4)1bti ,he ,3rge ,'m-i0nt ofrcvenaeerearHM whits it Wai'hMfiiLTif diflicftL
rcBiisHKo, wBjttLt, wt Wofore applied to tint object will no lnfr-i ty of adjusting'this great question has
VRE?sCr7 & I-LMAi . hrer be wanted, and the taxes heretofore been cotiMdeted bvll to be one of
"tkkms. i. imposed uSon the people for that pur- great magnitude. Various and -con-
;irrio!r, fkree dollri per annum one pose, must necessarily be reduced. .1 Aiding interests were to be harmonised
IIB . . . ; . ivc ii. nil Liaiuru. mill liu IIIITCIII-- I" lum-i iiiauin.,, w. ovvm.v ...v
. Ki. allowed to remm in an ears longer ; , " - .. . , r
1" .'.thxm ),.. ment. and much e. a free government tercsts of all the ereat branches of na-
ho mar leire to become mbcWW, ; hke outs, will venture to impose higher tional wealth. While the agricultur-
itriotly required to py tbe lole -jUle, U)on (le pi.npc thn what may al. and commercial stites, never would
f thaveari iiibieription m adtance. - ' , ' 1 . ' J ' ., . , ,
!"t 0 aiimrr" fffiff? JU.e.v;.l necessary for the economical wants consent to any other tariff, than . one to
r"" . .. b .......... ' 1 , " . . . .11 . . ' . 1 1 ' ' :
-mm iw utium . . 1 iHefHiH ot this venr, tn Jiilalitt,.i!iau .lutn as were nnunrm, jippwwi
f1"""- ot ...Congress has. been directed to such, ante upon air articles or importation
OF THK
t..r-nvr.RKSSIONAI. OlSTUICT OF
f NOKI'II CAKOI.IN . :cannnt be concealed or denied that the whole revenue, by
Taihinrton City, March 10, 1833. , while the. agricultural states have look-' clusively' upon such.ai tides of impor-
kLOW-CiTiKfcN"1. I he Sail Con- ed to thisieuod Willi heartfelt pleasure, 1 tation us come hi coiii;jeUion with their
has just yioseil, anu will it nas. i,e iintnitactunft see Itons ha-ve louketl , tnutjctuiVsiiicn as wyuiens, coarse
nited the high and lespnnsible t jt with regret, and have done every cottons, iron, su.ir, s tlt. Jcc. 1 hat it any
which you have twice confided to tiling in th"ir power, to defer or pi e- reduction was lu be made upon these r
Permit me here to ftpress the 'vent it. ; " The reason ts ohvioui. .. Un- "icles. the reduction should be gradual;
ense of eratitude which I feelirer the pretence of raisin" revenue for A sudden reduction they said, would
,ee flattering expressions of your : gnvei nment, they hae filched limn us pros'rate and destroy them. This bill
nes and confidence. Called into . niuch larger sums to protect and enrich i therefore 'bottomed upon this com-
their tuanuUci 111 es. I discussed this promise; that while these tluties are
subject at gieat length in my last ad . j ultimately to be brouglit down to a
'dreg? to iu; 1 -wi44 wthere reueat' common revenue standard, not exceed-
nnrern ha beeii to diithatrthr which in twenty per 'cent. "'I'trflrfitrnt time i
. m I... 'nliitalAit. , ...I i. .1., L" l . .1. JTVTlTr.;'y.',-MV,..A...AitiitiAn vcrv
trust, in a mauiicr, ucai .-' j are susiaioeu uy me nigresi auuioru . huic ouv-w-..
Hut 1 inust notice one arsumant used
bv tlie" nianufaoiurers tliemselves,:
Throughout the wholei)f this contest,
we , ua ve li-en rcptMtei) ! y toi a jjj.
f were reserved ta the ate. - Kach . of.
these governments is therefore supreme
within its pwn approprjiuej)hj:i
lhelederai goverpmeBt u auptjemea
hip it is desirable to court. We ha.
done more. - Within a few years. large
claims 2iinst foreign nations of long
sUndIng.some nf them coeval wTtn.jft'.
government, have been allowed, and
ted as Herculean, lie- litlil alsnflye
b rot herd, but little inferior to liim-
seir,ju sie and crturagetjtnJasthey'
were tho terror of- the 'whole
cjimtry. Adam Poo was overjoyed
at the idea of ineasutinj his strentH
with that of so t elehratftl a clikf
and urged the. purstlitvith a keen
ness whicli soon brought litm into
I'fe at a period of peculiar inter
. ' .:-.u .u
tnvou. in common who ioe womc
Lmr and oreservevouriust con
iiiohat rights. During the p.ditical
l,;nn n the last fourvears. 1 have
ralhtl 4 the 4ecTioa oLri'Aesltsnis
have done 80 honestly anu mue-
llently, I feel to be true. Out 1 con
I --Jiawt -oftB -tremoled-,.unu ec-tne
(it i- r e woos ibility,,. m. A JpajHWl
Cost which I always feel 111 my own
ment and experience, anu leariui
in matters of such vital impor
to the country, I "shoold do
committed, I have never soug,u
onceal them. Conscious ot the pu-
(ASX-.jui. tiii'if xtf 1 mailt '
of my motives, 1 uv
pon all occasions, frankly sut
lt( to you. the reasons by which I
igovernen. rnj we"1 "
In the people as the fountain of all
tit! power, 1 nave consiuereu n
initispensabie outy?or weir Kema
representatives, to render to them
ithful account of their stewardship.
discharge thislasi act of olHciat du
nnt less erateful to me lhan impnr
I to you, the objftt.t th& p,re&cn.t
atuikiUon'. , ' :
FINANCES.
im tk irnwrr on th
reiri into ttie treury ounng
flherear 1832. were
rmn eattoint pr du
ties on iraportt, f 28,fiS,237
om the tale of tho
puWtie Tanda, 1 2,02.1,381
rwn ilivoaenaa on
bankttoA, 4'JO.OOO
raw- ieidfutat re--
taipts,-2SJ,80
.k'u.iI. The act therefore provides
that air dattes imposed by the law of
i$i2, or otherwise, exceeding twenty
TTcr-ceiit shad at stated periods be rer
matioftetufets ihnt-if w iilaci ihrJu
luties itnp'rd upon foreign goods com
ing into competnion with their nianu-
I5ut for 'the purpose of bringing down
the amount ol revenue at once to the
Pft-U'vW- ,admtsion"iriat these high
Juues'Wff 41ifpoe
Cdiitiii'ied
for their benefit?
.Mark it:
"t1n" to those "made -free" b-y-t4i-4c jU.4iJ
1832, such as linens, cambheks, worsts
within theTmwe'ri delegated, and the
state governments are equally supreme' just indemnity made for injuries -long
within the.powers reserved; . ftoth are since none 10 our cunrns. csusea
equally important,-and essential to the of cJHion with these governments
preservation of liberty. While each of have been happily removed by the' most
these governments is confined within honorable negotiation. Additional trea-
:.. ' . - .1 1 1... n. i.. .. iia .f nKij Lin. I tiuiio (pn f.irmrd ainre
11s proper 1 mns mere muM uc ft'iw ." -- 1 ,i, ..;.: ..r I,a is..
harLiiT in the union. Hut from the I Ust addressed you with the govern- the trinity f f , f tfje
manyxomp!ex.and tliiT.cult ,ulioj.a ments t.r i'or.ug.,1 and Najfles. Whi e.M , u, u o ir-u .icu .ueia x
that ae dailv sprin-in un;ana froiSlh
imperfection" of human. judgment, from tat.!i-hing peace and good will upn j where the footpritits jtl the santl
;nu uu?iuu3, uui wiicn
liundreds vards of the
IUctltttcw hite avwUlil
fiaMt of-
often encroach upon federal powers, ; nai an. rtion hi . n nr, , crossiil!;, it suddenly tJlVCnrcd frotrt
ami the federal government will more! I he iliilicuiiy iiKeiy to arise nom ; Rm, gwtcbed , A
often trample upon the tig'.ta of the me .no, , on ... n.iepen. e u gover -state,.
When therefore these MUi-f h!h tin, mi.ts of tl states., J , fWmrortion.- -
Adatn halted for a moment, and di
rected his brother and the "lithe I
which are welH
1
-fa utwl-oiwWMW ua' " jusutc ami . "". "jweic uc;p a
"cani'(o"r"b'tit'beecBUarJj.Bitjryina: to , within a few
' I III , J9 WIIU U till III.U..UU nun nil. hvvi . mvum t ...v. ...t ...uij u .u w.. -. . - . - u... .hm tai.vv - r , . . --J-
I . .-. r ... . , . .... r . - t--. - j. : :rr . t -i, .i 1 . .....1 umIii..j iIia nirM m 01 measore. CJlt I t- nf'S
stale and coiiiJiiioii 01 ine country. 1 1 niw ine contrarv, iusimcu .upoo raising ; crs win, as nicy nav- oerrioiun- num. - - 1 ". at o
duties a 1 eS-l..rl...irnm(.iorhlli. on. fhe states will , CUiateu to resiore oarmony ana naici-,. . In(lian9 wt.,.e ,1 t 10
independent of the state
yoiHij irijit to fullow tho trail
.: 1 : -Unh imU An ciui iuiig to ue
sjii 11 1 mi ir. vt i,ii ii" 1 1 i.
r...i In ma i.ninion von might governments, and which a lew .years
L....ti . U '' fiirn?r"of': threatened the peace and harmony
; .' -i-L- 1 .ir.u 11 rot the country, and
vour uoeriies. ine s"m "- , (i ..1 . 1 " :m. ..2;.- ...i.tu i.J i.s.
in such a war will sever forever the ' known. m you. win oe nappny icnnu aim tw lautmu, nuiiu "a mill-
k,i (,rnnfUl. The sword was in-! ty. lie .moval and colom.itlon of. .self Htill adhered to the river pzttrrr
,,...i;.i r. ..;,.. not for our' those tribes west of the Mississippi;
, ., ; where under the protection of this gov-
aamiLcitum- I have alw .vs o - nosed it. , ,,,rel "'"J ur " . ' '
, . .l 1 .,i claimed from the wandering afiiTtnsw
sucn a remeov otto cniwiraw" - - - r r . 1 , i..t
11 c ... f I, ,1.,; ,1.. f,:i r ute habits of savage life, and taught to
proper, and all of us f. It tha the evil it nr ,h livin.-
which she complained rcaii y existed. , 1 .. ;i.i ..', . ... i two raiiom,- emtity and apparently
duttn,be.remov
South have complained of the same op-1 1 . il;lt the Iiiiliaiis were lilso at hand. " -
It was merelore; . " V : . , . , ,1. ,.,,.,.'
which led through clusters of
willows directly to the point where
he Hiipposed thecnciny to lie. tfav-
ing; examineal 4m irimiug of lik guii .
he crept rautiously throuc-h ;- the?
huslie, until ho had a -view f m-
point of ciubarcation. Here ray
'M otmsiom lor years, it was inemwe; j ..r i.: ..i.:t... '
. 1 ..' t invuivu ii in a iihiu hiiiiii iiiiii.ii 111 inr 1 ru 1 no uu iiiiiuiu. 111 iiiii 1 ikii Aiii.n
faivtors.. thev wuuid btcaineiL H present wants wl the government, manyrhp duty 0 the (.iovernmmt to reures 1 , . ... . , , . , . .
artir p arc m.l.lc Iree 01 UtV. in aGUI- tt.oca Wiiniro ami rpmuve thPSR Onnres - - - ..-- .o " -t - -.- -o .r-.T.:.a.
If voU reduce these taxes, sav thev. ed stuffs, shawls, " As the 'duty is
imposed upon the people for our bene- reduced upon the protected articles, it
fitpmaking our Ubw and-xapftalmcwe4-ijL,rt-.bc raised upon -these unprotected
profitable, and-adding wealth and ; w tree articles, so as to suppiyany oe
splendor to our section of country, we;ficiency which maybe found in thetre
hair Be rmuWrIs tCibr' Ittf IJe'soeTltiSrilfltH''1 r342.'--wne-'tte--tltrtet
does it'-trot--show-that these manufae-i upon all articles ol . impnr Ut ion are to
turmir cauitslists are saved frofn rum ue nermtuieiiiir uxeti at a uuty noi ex-
by iwposing heavy and ruinous taxes , ceeding twenty per cent, "except dye
upon the great body of the peoph-, and j stuffs, which are made tree. 1 hese
particularly upon the. agricultural por-jare -the substantial provisions tif the
tion of Hip union? -Cut if they did riOti bill, and I think itghl tohe coosider
know and (eel that these high duties' ed a fair compromise, of this difficult
were for their benefit, why is it tha'.jand vexed question. 1 have felt Anx
they are rt much opposed to reducing fiotis to seek settled opon a permiuent
them? Whv is it that thev have even basis, convinced that its frequent agi-
threatettetl- to break-up the. gbvernmcrjmatjon , was injoripus to , ajLportions of
tuese wrongs anil renioTL-11. ,.rti.v. , 1 ... ..,a .. 1 : .1 i....r. : i-'T .1
MMis .L it mulil be done (as it hass.nce j iM.p.r.. s uc .r . w,,,v,4ljr,,as , i.iiiivuiu; y er
. t - i?. Jtnre,. DfoperlyVnoiien. H.-nrum- n Tnw inurmoe fi.
heen uone ) BUt at least tr Trtjrai iifHr , , . - , ---v,w'" 7auT..
any measures violence that might PP'' - the complete ext.ngu.sho.ent.
ului iu liiu iiiiiui 1111 ii 19 9i ail.ll, a "v
fi,$Cl,S34
r,95C,6W
S.9S5.8J
18,07.838.
iint an-afjregat 'of
expend imrea tor
the year 1832,
ilti,iorelgnintL-r-. .
toarse, and miacel-laMoui,
lililary service, In
dian attmra, ' pon-
tioai, Slid internal
improvement,
a1 lerV'ice, iuetiid-
ing in gradual inv-
prnreincht,
lUie debl.
pakiue; the total ex-
pcmliturei ol the year.
Itaine in thts treasury, nn lh
lit of Januai7, 1S33,
reaeinta for 1833. pr. report on
the finanoel. dated 6th Decem
ber. ISJi. were ertirtiateil at f 2i,000,000
Jd the lant inatalment of the a-
mount of the Danish inoeinnitici,
euiinated in that rcnort at recei
vable in 1832, but not paid until
U th January, t833, 220,OIH1
. . "24,ggTtnoO
if it reduced these taxes? Most go
vernments have been destroyed for nn
poing heavy taxes; but these manufac
turers are-th'e first to threaten the very
temple ot liberty, because the govern
ment was about to engage., and has en
gaged, in the grateful task of reduc ing
the taxesherjioforeTtiiposed upon the
people, lint if the reduction of these
high duties would : result in ruin to the
manufacturers what else but ruin could
st,M.43S;,he agricultural interest hope for from
? Ilur iiiitnatrr is
their continuancer
34,152,658
fl, 812,694
not pFotecteif'by "I'dgh dirrierc,no tasesf -T
laid for our benefit but on the contra
ry,, heavily .taxed f.i;jhe henefit of the
manufacturers. What else but -rum
could fall upon our interest, thus pro
scribed and oppressed? What else has
produced ihat . general decay and em
barrassment in our own favorite land?
Blessed with a genial climate, a fertile
soil, and a population at once virtuous,
economical, and industrious; yet it is a
melancholy fact, that our state is now
less prosperous than it was fifteen
years ago, although during that time,
we have been blest with an uninter
rupted peace. The cause can be found
no where but in the. fact, that the taxes
necessary articles of life which we are
compelled to purchase and consume,
are double what they were Cftcen jears
ago. As the national debt, to pay
which, they were originally imposed,
has been diminished, these duties have
been increased certainly not fpr re
f t8.332.57 1 vt,nue, but avowedly to protect and
t.titriehr-t our wpensa m-iwrttterB
The disbursements on account of the 'manufacturers.. It is against this sys
plic debt during the year, 1832, tern of protection that 1 Have Ilways
f' fel 8,08(7057, which reduced the lavowed my" determined and unceasing
iblic debt on 1st January last, to hostility a system as unconsmutionai
expendtturea for 1833. exclil-
live of the publio cWt, were,
by the same report, citintatcU
at
TUBLie-OEDTr
.001 ,598. . But this debt can be eon
ered'onlT as nominal. Since the
ires. .held by the government in" the
nk of the United States, and which
re been actually' paid for, are worth
ir than the amount of the public
t funaining unpaid. Other means,,
'ever, .within the power of the ad-
nistratiooa will.be resorted to for the
inplete extmgishoent ot tuis rem-
ntflf debt duribg tbe present year
.... -t 1 l
"log always contwereu uic iinn
as it is unjust, unequal, and oppres
sive, and one which was calculated to
enable" the--wealth and -aristocracy of
the, country to ride in splendor upon
the necks of a beggared and oppressed
yeomanry.
But 1 do not intend to notice in this
place, tlie many disastrous ronsequen-
ices which this tarifffor protection has
had Upon tne agricultural states. It ts
now' unnecessary. I rejoice in the be
lief, that this obnoxious saytem has le-
the country. But however anxious lor
"a consummation so devoutly to be
wished," I felt equally determined ne
ver to assent ttr, oof acquiesce in an
a . ! 1 u s t roe n V w h 1 c h did not gmMuu--
stanlial justice to the people I repre
sent. . 1 am satislied it tne compromise
now entered into, shall be observed in
the same line rat spirit in which it was
conceived, it will restore harmony to
the Union, peace to the country, and
happiness and prosperity to the people.
KKMS.MJli J5lL.li
prove fatal, abstain Irom tne empr ,
ment of military force against one of the
states of thenioo, nor-seek, .tu. drench
her soil in the Irtood of her gallant sons.
meft: whn.1flTr etrnr; ve ervd-fVam
their great tie voio ft 4tberty ,- Hiwh
have always been distinguistieti noin in
peace and war for their T.eal and ahili
tv in defence ol the injured rigms 01
the Arpencan people!
The soiitfierh' srate? have repetedi
pronounced the tariff laws, sirtce that
f 1814 "nnrnnstitiitionat. They have
of the national debt and to tlv.s
. Ut.IIV.IU 1UU k l if S9 a HI V.III A W 9.
and economical policy, do we owe the. . Bj(? F,mt ,ay beI(W ,,, j,,
late modificanoo of the ardl. which ,. hnhrte.ot and WtalL-
d,sc,.tent( which. Tor some time if i
have ndlerl so higKln tBoaW: ' Tr.F amorrwhotreeraed merfr Jlp
this auspicious rtiange in-the p.dky and hy his .side. Adam cautiously dw
condition of our country, are we mainly lhacki and r.ofked hi guii. The
llHk'Ut"H to ;ne untiring veaisanu nun- . iii.u iv 114.1 jitic niw uniAut.c uiu nut .
ness of our present distinguished cliiefiex65!d twenty f?Vnd hfsLaUtll WM.;
lusgiatrate; for although the late d-!u,e.rinw. liaising hit rifle slow'ly
j.isuoent of the tar suruhg " VoiO "thi? 3 twitfITliljriClte
patriotism or ano.iier uistioginsoeu j u, Jf,,,, brcatnitilrew the triif.
pjftf. His gun (landed. Iotli lodi-
0 "
I :. . .1: 1 - .1. M...l .nnil
1 e ii- I C .. I., ..r. .,,.r. 1IUI1THIU II, I w IOC ttitic aim
thprefore heUpvd for nearly, ten., yi'ars . , . .. , , .... .
ha'tihe federal government was exer,j aLpoJiMTiereTrores
2aYaL uncnnsihiUooaL nower, to. their lhat rendered some aufh ; ; r,.;.-;,,,- for;l
groat injury and oppression. They l ave tV-itow titi.en: are n .l 'iRlo second all 4Tirco tarttIJiporf4
fruits. WeshouLd not wish to see the Wh other. litis liiaclhlty, how-
hewn d.iwn ih it nn.do es thetD.'cver, was soon over. .111 am was too
was called.
snirtt of conciliation and forhearanTiToTr
the part both of the fedeml and utate go
vernments, our glorious institutions
cannot last; for, in the language of Mr.
Jeilerson, " n every- iiitracHtw a
compact of so many parties is to be re-,
sisted at once, as a dissolution of it,
none" can ever be formed whifh wouid
last one year."
LAND BILIj.
A bill passed Congress to distribute
the proceeds arising' from jhe sales frt
the public lands among the states ac
'cordinL' to their federal representation
country, and allay its excitement. The I for five years. It is believed, and I
since imposed unon all the ereat and lobnoxious portion of the bill, is limited HTear with too much truth, that unless
I ..v 1 1 .. .,i.--l r 1 u ........ ..... I 1 1. :.. f il,
remonstrated. prn'ested,. appealeil,
agrdn and again to pntilic Opinion, hut
they have forborne from any forcible.
resstnce-VVha therel'ire one ofthese"
States, smarting under a sense of these"
continued wrongs, hid adopted areine
ily believpil to Ijf nsh anil unconsti'ti
tional. it seemed to me but reasonable
that the federal government should fur
bear a little, redress her grievances if
possible, endeavor to conciliate, give
time for reflection, and appeal to force
milv uhenVverv other alternative had
created much excitement during the r:,n P;rYtrrrinr a
session, and was discussed in the sen
ate with great warmth and ability. It
arms the President with extraordinary
military powers. Under the state of
high party excitement, and it that time
hopeless of adjusting the tariff, this
bill wore a most threatening aspect, and
was a subject of deep and alarming
interest. But before it reached the
House of Ilepreaentativesr its., terrors
had fallen oft", and its powers othet
wise dangerous, had been rendered
harmless by the passageof the tariff bill,
whioh it was thought would satisiy tne
t'PR hewn d.iwn Hi it nr
If upon it, are-found useless or rotten intitdi hainpcrod by the utt-Sues to re
bnmchesi let u-pxuoe it Jif ...the erd.jii'eaf, atuT act ting ' Ilia life ti'jsnnrcwit"
and preserve and defend the gnoi.j0f the tlie, he spnititr over the bu"Ss
Tiiese happy results should Uo in , whirh had sheltered him, andTiirmw
spire us wnh fresh confidence in the ,n.ljUj n liis p iwerSi leaped t il dly'Z
itistit'itiotis of our country,
perfect awernments, will
tend to
The wost'-i
at times,
lown tho precipice and alighted up.
,., tlitt l.i,iiik-l r flit lik.il Willi-
to degeneracy,, we should never wMa, boreWm "to-tlliVVaVlIC
irof our government, confident r,', a.
that if we be watciiful and faithful to
At the moment of contact, Adam had
our trust.its sounder parts vvi t reform t';wpn "9 " , .ar"w,,d
nil recall it to the
the ncrk oLtho smaller ltrdiHti, ttiK
ihaieBU Uie public debt as a bright iceived a oiow n o.n wnicti will never
io the history of this country. I have! recover, liy the tariff law which we
taewed with- peculiar pleasure thelhave just past, the people have a dis
ne and zeal with which the pre j.tinct assurance that in future duties ire
ataHm,n;,ir.i;nn haa snnlied allthtf tobe laid upon in articles anite, mat
ionrces ot the coantry .within its 'these duties are to be laid to raise re
1 . .a . I . . ......I. .M.naaM ..nlal
fwer to the accomplishment ot that
eat object. Let those who consider
. ... : I .l :
naxiooai ' flew a niuonai uiw'"k
porn over the eyent. Let those who
H bad a direct interest in p' event
2 it extinguishment deplore it; but
t at who have looked to it as the pe
d when we were to be relieved from.
pressire taxation, consider it as it
ghttobe considered. " a proud day
th American-people.. When to all
nM honorable characteristics which
: icuucrcu meir career incuiurs
H imon nations, they thai t add the
ifcrt hannifiMa nf huina a nition with.
1 r - "i - --
Hbu".: .r
venue, and to raise such revenue only,
as1 may be necessary to meet the wants
of an economical, administration of the
Government. These are principles
for w hi ch Ttlie ad voc ilea of tree trade
have- long conteoded. Animated by
the justice ot their cause, they have
persevered under the most discouraging
circumstances, and, if theirpresent
success, is not so complete. many
could wish, it ought to be considered,
ahder alt the circumstances or tha cite.
a most glorious triomph.
- Af thiibill.'commonly called by way
of distinction Mr, Clay'a Bill fie like-
in duration to the close of the.next ses
sion of congress; and is another melan-'
chilly instance of iiie dangerous ex-1
tremes into which party spirit will
sometimes hurry the wisest govern
ments. We-ate-eoiphatically a favoured peo
ple providence has cast our lot In
pleasant places, and under a form of
government the most admirable that"
the wisdom of man ever conceived. It
is two fold. We have a federal and
slate government, which together con
stitute our entire system, admirably
adapted to a country like ours, so. ex
tensive and jo diversjfied in jts . inter
ests.and pursuits.
To the valour and virtue of our fath-
, , 1 r .1 i l l
ers are e nueoteu lor tne ireeuom,
independence, and sovereignty of the
states, while to the most liberal spirit of
compromise and concession on the part
of the states at . a subsequent period,
do we owe our present federal consti
tution. In that spirit, they delegated to
ine federal government some of their
rights of independent sovereignty, fur
(he more effectual protection and secu
rity of the rest; reserving to them
telvts the exclusive exercise of all pow
ers not thus granted to tbe federal gov
ernment. "In the language of Air.
Madison, " the powers delegated to the
federal government are few and defin
ed, and will be exercised principally on
external objects. as war,peace, negotia
tion and foreign commerce. The pow
ers resemd to the several sjatei will
extend ta all the objrets. which, iajhe.
ordinary conrse of affairs, concern the
lives, liberties aod properties of the peo
ple, and the internal order, improve
ment and : prosperity of.the.. states'
Interests that were of a general charac
ter in which all had a common concern,
were given to the common government
of the public lands would be very un
. . .1 t , 1, , 1,.
just 10 me o u, states " retire to the peacelul walk o nrivaU
share an enusi interest m luviu. ti r at- .i i
1. .
ly.to btfcooiejfce pcrmaoeot system of while all local and separate interesti
1 1 . . "1 . r . 1 . . r u ...
some sucn diatriuution is maue 01 mr
publiclands, they will in a few years be
given to the new states within whose
limits, they lienor sold to toem .for an
inconsiderable sum. Such a disposition
original flnnrinlesfsell- eovet nmeiit lh.il nil lliliJtl In,
upon whicii it was foumlL -'-' - jjf tliei'r At fliiit momciir a' sliarp"';
Permit me, fellow citizens, again to Tii'l.iigJAVatiieard aintng7 the -binli'cs)
ask the continuance of tJie trust hereto
fore reposed in ine. Detained here, by tics wctc t'tigagod, but the tHo be
the claims of my constituents for pen ,nv wrre ton busy to attend to any
sions, I have nut been able to return ; ,1,1,1, tbemsflvei. Big Voot WH
so sotmas I oiherw.se should ha ive . fi)(. ftu instttut fctutme d by the vto
done, but I shall visit every part of he - shock, and Adam
district, during the summer. lo the. , . , '. . .. ,
trying, and Uoub'ed scenes, through to kcr tlrcrrt botlWwn
which I have had to pass; 1 can Varilly But theCKt-rtlM ecc(mr ftfJVthat..
hope to have given eniire BatisfarW4U,,ri,ose WM great that he had tut "
But if. in the msin, you approve my llt'tiuro t nsft Ill's knife. Big Foot
conduct, and the principles by liul I quu kiy rrr-ovriTii, and wiiiiiMti ar-
temjMiig to rise, wrapped Ins lohg
have been governed,'! shall be very
happy again t serve you. If, however,
you jkhould think if best tobestow your
confidence on another, "suafsine'd by
the conscioun purify of my own mo
tives, my Greatest regret witl bev that
I was not able to please you; and I shall
, r .- ... . .t r.i: il2 ..I
1 : 1 ... 1 ,1,- ,,.:ir 1 ie, wnn no oiner lei'iHic voao inui ui
e "Mi , . ,- ., - . , I r . . , , .
no worse wish, man tnai nv vui iiau
whictLwe have ust nassed. thcr
be a surplus for a few years The re
venue from the nublic lands might
therefore be dispensed with during that ' -time.
It could not be more cquUably '"''IT . 10 "e
dihposed id than uy ciiviinng 11 among j
the states to be applied uy tnem to
such works of internarimVnivenieiit oT
succeed me may he equally devoted to
the liberties ol his country, with more
fend and preserve thpm.
With high regardrTamyour fellow-
catizen,
. , .... ::. -CJS PA J V 1 ' IVIV.
othetwise, as they . inight deem best:
If any portion of Hie federal revenue is
to be expended for the benefit of .the
states, it can be done under tne tinec
From ".Skclliei nf Writeiu AiNetiltO'e
AtMitit the middle of July, 1782.
seven Wyandot ts croHHt'd the Ohio a
few miles above Wheeling,. ant! Com
(inn of the state legislatures, with more unit ted great .dopredatioHH. jjion Jhi;
econmn v. nronriety and sovantace, than "son trie nr Blmre. kiIIih an old man
under the direction of .'imgr! In -llueni'd
by these coti'ideratiuria, I was
in favor of the Bill, but the President
for reasons which have not yet been
given, did not return it before (he ad
journtnent of congress, whereby it fail
ed to become a law. I lis objections to
i will doubtless be given. hereafter,
FOREIGN RELATIONS.
Our relations with foreign nations
continue to ba of the most friendly and
honorable character. Seeking the
fiieudship ajidjrood will.of each, we
shun entangliog " alliances ' with all.
Elevated by the just principle of action
adopted by the administration, of ask
ing nothing but what was clearly right,
and determined to submit to nothing
wrong, we have succeeded in our -foreign
negoewtions far beyond our most
sanguine expecfalibniv:" Under its in
fluence the most favorable commercial
treaties have been formed with everjl
nation 1 whose coramcrca-aod friend-
arms around Adiun'H hotly,' At pressj
rd liim to lit breast with the crunbiua
force of a Boa toitstrictor; -
rnarked, waa a .mnRiTul'inati, land ?f
had aelduni-.coctiuiUeredZliiOrj q atf
hut never had he yrt frit an r m-" "
hrarc .Ugehaj of Big Ko'it. lid ;
instantly rr I axed H kis judd (ttt-tlitf.
fnnall Indian, who flpt-ung to UU
feet. Big Foot tlrwi ordered hi in in "J
riiii fur , his tomahawk, which lay
within ten step, and kill tho white
man, while he held dim in Ilia rms. .
Admn weliig Jiia tlangratriiggli'di.
iiianfully to cxtracatc lilniseif fnin
the -ftdifjf of the cjiant, -but in ain.
I'lin Irsser ludran flpproarhwd Itini
with his uiilifled tomahawk, but.'
Adam w atr bed him rlsr!y, ai.d a ....
Im waa about to strike, gave Mm a
kTt k ho Hud de n a tir i iole til, asTIo
knock thtoniahawkj'rom hte band,
and send liim Staggering bark intu
t lie- w a ter, J&g Foot uttered an xI
clamation in atone ol Ufrp contempt
at the laitu re ot bis companion, and
raising lua voice to ita Jiighrst pitrb,
thundered out several worda iii the
Indian tongue, which Adam could
not understand, but supposed to be
a direction for the second attack. : ;
'Theleaser ladaft now again ap-
whom thry foond ithtoe to Un-hWo,
and Hpieadiog terror thMigliouT the'
neighborhood.' WiThiti a lew ImnrH
after, their retrrat, risht men hhschi.
bled finin ililTei ent mi Is of the mnall
settlement and nnintied the enemy
with errat expedittoH.- Aintmg thu
most active and eflicicnt of the par
ty were two brothers, Adam and
Andrew Poe. Adam was particularly
popular. In strength, action $ liar.
tltbood, u.e bad no eijual -being line
I v formed . and inured' to ill " the " tie-
rilsofthe Woods. They bad not preached, carefully abunniiKf Adam V
followed the trail far, before they . heels, and making many molioits,
became satisfied that the depreda, with his tomahawk, in order; to de-.., j
tors were conducted by Big Foot, a cetvo him as to the point where the v
i '1 f l..'l.l... ...n..t,l fall 'ri.ia tnofml rna
renowneu . cmei o, mo vryunuon umw
tribe, who derived bis name from several seconds, nntil iliuiidevig;
the immense afze of Mr feeTIisxctarnationfrom Big Foot, compel!
height considerably exefecded six ed bis comrianion to strike Such w
foetid h trength waa preflcn-'Adam,g dwtterltj ' wtrigUanc j