H ALEIGII, II. C. WEK
mmm3C jflL2-"T 3Qfjji!52ap(' jtfcf'.l'5!s
VOI. ZSVIXL-NO 20.
Lisa
if
ll.
af -rilOWAS J. tEItlAY,
Sirw Si .'. .n
KDITOB
jlSB-PBOPttlKTOH.'
tsrsss
line dollars per annumone
. hail .in . i . .t n. . ... a
ilWlMl wtMinf IM BtalO VIII DO
K TF. UitfAlJVERTtSING. - -Fur
every wiAe 4qot eieeeilinf 18 lines this
lixe i r -Citvr(ion, one dollar each sub
' &rfln, twenty -five cents. .
(tyH, -avertisements of Clerk and Sheriff
-slirt!r'1 8J per eent. higheri end a lie
Htulitoa efJ il tr sent ill b made from (be
rerubr price lorrtvertiaere by the year,
Letters to the Editor must be pott-paid.
WILLIAMS & HAYWOOD
Have lately recrUtd at their well known stand
on Ksyettevill Street, near Ihe waiktt bouse,
hir ru sad Summer, supply of
pruyi niUvinetllctnC8, Paints,
Oil Dye-stuff's, KrMhes, sViu-
flOW talUSSi ' liuit-rj, erne., .
Which with-ttteirformer snppj make their
sssortment Urge and exlrntive, aompt-isliig al-
, eX'n ' 3
TL most favorable
urej n .nutwi j ---
. ... , .. , - . .
L l . ... .U,IJ I. BMM .. I . I V. ... ... in ilia
d their ataortmenl
Bta e, eiiner oin or iw.
.,t uiHiolhrn fcv Ihrir trtenda -and lUe ftulilt
jtnerally, (hey Batter (hemsvlves. that by a.i-; clMlir,, ,.,,,iet. will be prepared to enter
,lity and eonstam attentinn to bu.inrss that ,hj FrB,hmn OP ,ne Sophomore cla.s, agreea
, they will ntiB.te to receive tbe aame lihetal. , ,llf eo.irte of studies pre. ibeJ by the
inraur.s.t, y
fl.-.. I.. 1 1..... H..II l.s a.fiill- MimnMiniMl
and put up with noue bat the most genuine arti-
elrs, unuvr inv Hiiijwa v. vm v . vpt
ston "v e '
Urdars from I'hysieians tt Merchants, prompt
ly attended to
Rairigh, May S3. 1837.
NOTICE.
The subscribers, ss securities of Geo. H. Al
rtaiider, dee'd, late 'Sheriff of Tyrrrl cnuatr,
will espoae o public sale, on the 4th Mouda) in
.Jul. t belurc the Court Housa door in L'o-
luiuliia, (he lollowing tracts of land, or SO niinh
laarauf s-will saliUy the Taxes due llirreua,
for the year lt3S, and cott or advertising: j
No. ot Aerts.
Aleock Strpben
Antley John , .
Itrickhnuse U'relisrd
-- IU ant HrUlget
U(cmea lUnkl, Jr.
fllnunt Thomas
Darns John '(I'asquotaok)
" Hosnight Joteph
- Ilosnight Jaeiib, Sen.
Urowa Th dwos
Uaicmaa Joseph, Sea.
Cooper Nicodcmas j
Cowcll Taranee "
Creel Joseph '
"Clnw" Rowan -ife'
Cahtinu Hurton
Cnhoun Tiniotliy 1
Cahoon lieubrn
Cahoon Kbcueier
:alioon Turner, Sa.
Caliooa (iiilroii'a I heirs) ,
Clay Ion Tlmhias W.
Clajion Kduiuod -'. - . .1
Davenport Picdcritk, Jr.. ...
Ivia Maxry ,J
" Fanning John It.
Francis Juhn
whinny
(lodlrry JosepU
Ciles Jesse -,
llollady Cannady
; llaaaeJI Ualv f - - ,
llHihaway llurton's (heirs,)
1 -tlathaway John U's Jheirs,)
Hathaway Nathaaiel
V H.iBrld James
. J: Ditto for Wilson IV W?biu
- Ilookrr William
llasaeH Kilss, for Gardner Alea-
ander's (heirs,) . . ,
llolrart llemy
Holmes. Anna . - - .
Horkins James' (heirs)
Hill Timothy J
" IJverman PredVt Itk '
Liverman Patrick
IJverman Timnthv a ' .
Liverman Fatwy
881
100
89
BOO
10
... $0
M0
60
140
i
TSii
sst
ro
s
685
SO
570
Tt
160
150
- 40
7. 100
too
10
18
117
90 SO
s
i6
ii
100
if)
V)
it'
17S
15
IU0
10
10
"iir
-
47
- tr-'
r
- a
(i
es
.....
" 0
5W
COO
-10"
100
100
185
SO
tsa
. 41
41"
4
4 '
r.
goo
8
iwr
S7S
ioo .
IM.II " IIIMH, v.
Liverman Eno .. .
Liverman John II,
.Litehfijrli! Gewga l, ;
won i miry
Mcfiowo Job
JilcKiramy Joseph
- Klchots John"
. Not man Starky H.
,4., MannSally " ,
Uveiton rrsneea t
' Uverhm Priseilta -
Overton Hmjamia ,
. Owens Zarharadi . .
Da eos llcackials
Uwena Abrl
- U.ensNnsh .: t.i
Wwens Ansoe'fv , .1 -.-
t Owens Amnios
ft Owens t'harlea - '- ' v
V Owens Willbm - -
Owens Prederirk
Powes-s F.phrsim IL
T Powers Hardy1 " r
Payn Edward ;?..
,'s syn Edwanl, Jr.. ... . .4-
7
1SS
....
1JO
100,
loo
.
- 6
II
, KnnlOB Willi ng ,
Richardson Willoh'w
Meynolds Willians
Sample P.dward
Sawyer P.seka l
Sawyer Eliida 4
Sawyer I Komaa . '
. Sawyer Pi writ BSC
Sawvar alaik
fwyw-fnmkttr
, sawyer felige ,f-j
Sawyer Akner ' . ,
Sninilell Oarthotontew
17S i.
t& ,
too
,ll
14t
' Smnh Enoch ' 7 "
?mi(h Zebedee, Jr.
Smiib Ebeneser .,, .. ,.;;
' Snow Jssab ' '.j, -'
Sikes Mary, G. K.J
. Lpenoer Benjamin. - , r-:
S pro ill Little. T. . .
Sanderlin Eliha)
Swsm Evthes "
Sawyer Isaae ; ' !. ..
- MwyrrAkcl
' Tarkinton Jakn '
Tarkinton Willians ' '
Tarkinton Joseph, Vf. ;.
Tarkinton Jesse U. t .... .,4
Vendria At
White Barny ' . '
- MteJohn
White Joaepb. Sen. ,.
. Ditto for (ha White heirs
' fiia tor Timothy Jones' kaire
Ward Sally . , .
Weston k Srgoin
to
to
ll .
- so
7,r
8J0 -840
854
400
1W ,
70
1U0
. a
40 '
IIS '
tr-.
480
7S(
11
850
soo , ;
JOSEPH ALEXAKDER,
Seenri
S4
8enrnie(
Wy , 137
OXFOIID n.liE ACADBMT. I
The nraiainenl ailtauiaeea al Him liietitutum.
reader it peculiarly aetervwr, tne bm we w pa-
wata aud M,i-i(i ... Ii lnnalv ranked aiaoae
. . .... .. .-
ihe first in tbe 8tse( anc" it hat at present many
additional and aoUtl clams on tits public
nalrnnage ami Jcrfre.
Otturd is surpassed by as village of the snuia
In its hrsllhfulotss, "pleasant location, food to
eiety and freedom from dissipation.- During the
taramee months many persons resort to ill salu
brious climate, for the purpoas of improving of
restoring their health; others are at named by
it s agreeable envirnne and social comforts.
There are three ohurehes belonging Id different
denominations; ami" the Aeattrenystaodt conve
nient in an na-y and secluded aput.
tmleocndently of tbe Joeal reoommenda
lions, the principal. Mr. A.- I1t, it a gemh
msn ol considerable aUainments in classical ana
scientifis knowledge, acquired in Hngland, Italy
urn I Prance. Of (lie former eountry, he is a na
tive where he followed his profession with sue-
eest, many rears previoui to hit piactiting it in
America lie is not 'only well versed in (he
Greek anif Ijlin elatiiei, hill familiar Willi mod
em langnagri and all the numerous branches of
physical, mmhematical, moral anil intellectual
science. Acdod (o (hete eAdowmenlt he has
formed by travel, researah and observation, an
extensive aequatntmice with the ornamental and
errttral literature of Europe and America. Me
will be aided in his dutirs by eoinpetent asiiit.
ants io proportion to the nttmher of pupils.
j jj, jjj,,,
IJV1
, wi be ,
(lis atudonls to reijirct their tesch
inaniont and (hemteUgiu. strict re-
had (o ineulcate Virtimos principles,
honorable ferlinn an.f rentlemanly eondoel;
" lialiitt ol Industnr,
: ft--nft- .mi u
... - . .
ebtervat'on and
- deep enquiry. Suitable time
and care will be
--'r - r'
' Univertitr of the Stat. Tuition per setiioa
course for the Rnrlith department will
consist of lour classes to be instructed iu (lis
fjllowing branches.
, per session.
spelling, reading, writing auu
Arhhinetie, -
The above aontinued, geogra
phy, grammar, parsing and
$S 00
III.
1!. Composition, loeic, rhetoric,
history, chronology and Al-
eiercises.
$10 00
Pnv- s.
I. Prosoly k poetry .nstursl plii-
losophyJttronomy,.; ehem-
istry, mineralogy and boto
ny, mental and moral sci
enc, geometrv, mensnra-
tt09L
lion, land surveying, naviga
tion, ice. . - t,J 00
irioilern Lnngiiau-es. -
The French course, T 00-j .....
The Spanish. Italian K!,
and German each, flO 003 e -The
tuition lees are required in advance) and
the amount of half a session will be (he small
est charge.
Tha year is divided into two seitimsof twen-
j tr two weeks each, the first eomraenees on the
: (bird Monday of January and ends on (he third
j Pl'tdayuf "Juner"tbeaerond bejrint-(llwig
week's interval) "n the fourth Monday ot June,
' ami terminates on the lourtb Friday in Novem
i ber. A public examination before the Trustees
! will take piece at the elose ol every tesiiani
! when Parents and Uuardisna are invited to at
tend j, 1 . ' .
. Z Uy order ol the Trustees. .
Osford. V C. April 87,1837 8 6w
VHInrks'a Olutment
The subscriber bags leave to offer lo the alien
, tion ol thoe who ere subject to that most lita
--'-ceeabte otdisordrra,- ihe Jiles4-aJ-emcdylbt
' efficaev of which has been tested by the experi.
ence ol years, and (be utility of which has in no
: Instance been unpaired irom sauure to relieve.
1 To those a lio have been subjected to this dis
'ease, h will prove, if applied a hen re-attetked.
"a sure preventative to its continuance, without
ihe leatt paint indeed manv have pronounced it
the moragnreable remedy ever applied. There
nil PC an naogrr in jis me aa hi omponeni
1 parts are t barroleas vegelabhj matter.' " rT(
I . The mother of the eubscriber who Is the ma
' ker of the ointment, has been in the habit of liv
ing It to her friends' and neighbors for the istt
fiie or sis jesrs. and In no instance to nt rknoa I.
edge has its application been ineffectual, as will
be seen by a nnmher of eerti6i:atea annexed, at
well as the ("-alimony of a medical gentleman
who haa nseil it nimsrli, ana prescntwtl It to Ihe
'relief Of Others
ifcl-'hes' who ore aoffvrfng will do well to ise
a trial urine refBeffjr t's emenyy s gTiarantecrt.
and there can he no doubt but that the disorder
' may be arrested in its esrliest ttste, if no delay
be made in hs application.
I The directions fur use will he found on escb
bottle. - ---S VMl'RC H MARKS.
Petersburg, Va., Aug 82, 1830. j J
I havr vised the Pile Ointment prepared by
Mrs. Marks, and prescribed it to others, with the
happiest effect.. I therefore can reeommend it to
hose sfflmted with that disagreeable complaint
the Piles, ; , U VVIUTB, At-O.
Prince Hrorc County, July Hi, 1138
Mr. S. II. Marks? - i
- . .- Jtear-Sin Tit anmplianee wltk yaur
rrqnrM I will inform ihe pubins that I. have had
two members of my family frequently attsrkrd
with the Pdet, and from an ointment that I ab.
tamed from your mother, they ta.i all eases
lound eutne ralier with a lew anplieaiinns -
' " , . J.33l llCAttt, '
v -it r-iH.v if - 1 . .- ' -..; '-.;
Mr. Saml.' II:' Markst;. . m ,
.. Dtnr Sir: .Vixtr of the l7tb Instant
was duly re. eived, and it affords me pleasure to
eamply with yoor reqoest. I have beenatflictcd
wHn that illsngreeahle ditorCrr, tno rile, ana
also my negro man, aad obiaineil Irom your
mother the ointment that you alter te the public,
and m all attacks both my man and1 myself have
found entire relief. In addition (o the above es-
perience, I base given it to eons ol my friends,
and I have never known it to lull rivine relict. I
rattf"Twnrnrnd" ttrit Trimmevir to-hoaw-bc-
are subject to this disagreeable diaease, as el
Geaeinut and agreeable remedy, , 4. , ;
1 am yoars respectfully,
JOHy MeBItOOM.
.. i .. Richmond. Julv IS. IS30.'
fhrt t received yours of the li'h int., you
wish me to inform foe of mv sknation at the time
that yon gave row a bottle of yonr file Oiot
eaent, and what effect it had on two. .....
I bad tbe piles as bad as aay person could have
iww- mucn so, ins( 1 eoutit not attend to my
daily tanorsi aad in truth. 1 could, aeareelv eat
out of my room. .- 1 commenced with vour omt-
menii anu m tnm ui iuiit nays, I was entirely
relieved. I wootd recommend K to the public,
as being one of the most eseellent remedies that
was ever ouereu 10 tne pnoins. .
WILUAM CARSOX. .
. Pctcrsburi, Aag.19, 1116. .
Mr. 8. n. Marks: .
Dear Sir: I take pi ensure In inform
g tne pnblM, that I was very badly StUleted
with that disagreeable diaorder, the Piles, and I
obtained from VOU. n bottle of tow ointment.
end In a few days ihe disease wae entirely re-
asevaa. 1 vgals reeommend It as a infsniMe
remeJyi JAMES T, MsJKPHT.
V tlreMrfi I9th Au."t.19.
! ' A dutv I Owe to Mr. Mrfc I will inform-
L . .11!. .t-. I I ft. ll !). L.
poi " h"t """" '
the riiaarreeable disorder, the Filet, and I ob -
tained from him Kle of hit ointment, and
lorn mow say uim i nave never usee any mmjr inai
ejif c its su rnach relief-
avo stnrsin l"'"it'"
-V .1.-LTr..
mend jt to tbe pu
airreeable and etflcsti
cacioua remedies thst ean bo
used. - a v 8. M. JACKSOX.
For Sale by-"
lVilliams, Haywood ft Co.
i : . r :J ... Afnt, Raleigh
, October 1TW
, IHISCELtAXljOt'S. . :
.4 Veitcitw. Mr. CALHot;.e,i(oin
two or three year since, in a speech
on the subject of the currency, remar
ked "that it was easy to read the fu-
tu re history of the country, if the
schemes of the reignioj dynasty re
ndt tlefeated by the Penple. Anarchy
it the high way to despotic - power,
whether it be a banking or a political
iesK)tim. When the Uank ot the U.
S. (hall be tlestroyti the currency will
be thrown into auch confusion & deran
gement that the country will be prenar-
ml to-utibmti-to-HHty iwttotwl Uank.
rather than eodpre the prevailing e-
The' Mormon Prophet urrttltd for
murder.- Joe Smith of Golden Bible
Memory, it is reported has lately been
access
sary to an aitemptto murder. Joe
had a revelation that a certain sceptic
merited martyrdom, and.1nuuced a uu-
le of his uelutleu tlupes to carry his
ministrations into effect. They shut at
the individual, and failed in their at
tempt, whereupon theydeliverd tip Joe
as the instigator The "bible of gold
en leaves" of this miserable imposter
is a humbug in religon about as pre
posterous and barefaced as the ' golden
rag currency" of Uenton in politics.
Benton and Joe Smith wilt go down to
pomTtTyYomtttTlrtte-"exe?win8
oClheijr ilupss'Jieiiu inbug'oLBeatoa
has proved, however infinitly, the most
disasterous of the two- :
N. V.E.Star
OlllGIN 0FFASU10N
Giandna. where do the DeoDie p-et
their fal..,.na r....m?'
'Why, from Boston.'
'Well, where do tlve Boston folks get
them from?' - ; .
From England.'
'Ah, and whef do the English get
them?'. -
From France.' . .
And where do the French get them
from?' - -
Why why,; right strait from the
devil there, wow Mots your Buisel'
'Patrick,' said an - employer tHe
other morning, to one of hi workmen,
'witit rnms ' fun latai thia mnriiina. llw.
otlier reen wel'ViFwoirit'lia'Kdur bcTore
you."
"Shurerttnd I'll be even with-, them
to niirht." '
' Ifaw patrkk.?''
"Whys laithY I'll quit one hour be
fore 'em all, sure,
The
Norfolk Democrat savs
The
nnni liav thia war run, it rt 1 1 1 u 1 n cr
i ary true, says the Wfieeltiiir while
the Gnverment dues (he hariowme.
Next fall , lie Goverment will do the
reapinsiand the next election the peo-
ple will do jMjfhtqhig.: . , . .
' A terrible hoax ha been played on
ExtraBurporti
the Globe tdQce, announcing the resig
nation of Messrs. Poinsett and For
syth, in a storm of wrath and uproar.
I rwaS efit"t"WherH ngrsnd" thence
copied into Maysville and Cincinnati
papers,-with whom it passed for a mat
ter'tif portentous 'moment" Hoaxing
by'Eipress, ii getting to b an enor
Imous nuisance, and seems destined be-
I fore long to destroy all the benefits of
Kendall s great Alau eipenmeBt.
c . --c Chnrleitlon Mercury.-
Oulraze on an American eii!henT
Mr. Greely, the agent employed by Ihe
MaineXourt of comti.iiioiurs t take
the cencus of Madawaka has been a
second t;me arrested; and Isndw by or
ilr r of fteTioverhor tTTtlie BrifiaTT pro vi
inces, confined in the jail of Frederic
ton. ; ir. u. " was arresieu py Mr.
McLau!ilin,, suprrinfendaut. tf the
Crown lands. The act has occasioned
treat excitement in Maine.".
Increase of population. I lie wife of
Ephraim Rnowles, of Union townahip
I Rtssounty, was safely delivered, k
snort time since, 01 lour uangnrerawa
birth and all ere doing well! -Mr. Kt
fsays the Batimore Patriot) does not in
tend to let a lack of the speoi engen
der Jack of the srtcm. ! , .W;r i
Propry. The Tory papers have
harped upon the declaration that prop
erty was a proof of merit. In the con
vention, of this State Mr. Van Buren
supported the proposition to allow col
ored persons the right of voting, if they
possessed real estate to the value of
8250, on the' express ground that
property was a proof of merit-" 6.
I say, boy! hold my horse! Yes
sir but wont he biie?V. "N! take
hold of the ; bridle!' 'Nor kick?.; !
told yon he .wouldn't hurt you, yon imi
prlinet rascal!' 'Does it take two
to hold him?'N.;WeU iheiubiitd
huajourselC .. i
IteunCT"
. iwfnv vrklf-sr V-r f r
: , ,-. WiM. CV". ""t
JuUvered i
W.We l&2
Jlfurca 21if 1834 ml!, niintbiM
1 Webtttr for leave t intriduc a bill t. ,w
" the thartet tflh Bankrfthe t'wrterf
. j "V"-.' - fw-
- ttfais a.A pretext charter, - . ,
i I rise, saiil Mr. C, in order to avail
myself of n early opportunity to ex
press my opinion on thai measure pro
posed by ttte Seimtiir from Massachu
setts, and the ooestions iinmediatelr
:.f !,Ubj:eC.t'a 'mr4,,at,CU,,?CC td
nun sua iiiscicai ui evrrr cuss irr tne
communily, tliere should be an early
declaration of their sentiments by the
inltobers of this, body, so tbat all
might know what to expect, and on
what to calculate. -
I shall vote for the motion
of the
senator, not Because 1 approve ol the
measure he proposes, btlt because J
consider it due in codrtesy, to grant
leave; unless there be strong reasons
4a-UieJttnlritfyiikli is not the casejibk prporti-4 iflr-4rfy-tWpi
in thu instance? but whUe I am Pfe-Uther ro,
me add, to do ample justice to his mo
tives tor introducing the bill, 1 cannot
approve of the measure he proposes.
la eKerjr view wlncli 1 have bea:a abl e
rr.. . "" ui"i'iot-we coiiunomryriTspttatesilie.'ralue
me oyjeeiioM, 1 place the ttneertatntytofan the mtTan-l
as to its object. It is left perfectly o
pen to conjecture, whether a' renewal
of flic charter Is in tended.'ftf rfifefe
continuance with the view of aft'urdtu';
the bank time to wind up its anairst
and what increases the uncertainty is,
:r .1 ' .r ..
11 wvf compare toe provisions 01 tne
proposed bill with the one or the other
of these objects, it is equally unsuited
to either. If a renewal of the charter
be intended, six years is too short, if a
RtiflUnc-eT -too-"UirVw. Ir -however.
state this as a mere minor objection. 1
1 here is another ot tar more decisive
character; it settles nothing, it leaves
every tfcing'unfixed it perpetuates the
present struggle which so injuriously
agitates the country a struggle - of
bank against bank one set of opinions
against another; and prolongs the
whple, without even an intervening ar
mistice, to the year 1842 a period
that covers two presidential terms, and
by inevitable consequences, running
for too successive presidential elec
tions, the politics of the country into
the bank question, and the bank ques
tion into politics, with the mutual cor
tuption which must be engendered; and
during the whole period,, keeping the
currency of the country,' which the
public " tnterf"MquireI should "have
the utmost stability, in - a state of un
certainty and fluctuation.
""But why "shooTd.! pursue the objec
tions to the plan proposed by the Sen-
atorJromassaliJUjeUa41JLEa
stcr.) lie himself acknowledges the
measure to be defective, gnd that h
would prefer one of a more permanent
character.' He has not proposed this
af the best measure, but has brotrght
forward under a supposed necessity
under the impression that something
must be done something prompt and
immediate, to relieve the existing, dis
tress which- overcprrads the lantt. 1
concur with him- in relationJOJtJie dis
tressthat it i deep" and extjnsis-eV
that it fell upon us suddenly, and in
the midst
ampled; that it is daily consigning hun
(IretllTopi) tne ttopea 01 tne enterprising; Taaing
employment and bread from the labor-
errana-wnrio2 a learlol ciianje 4a tnei
relative romlition of the moneyed man
and the money dealer on one aide,, and
the man of business on the other ta
king up the former rapidly to the top
ot the wheel, whilst it is whirling the
latter, with equal rapidity to the bottoms-While
I thus agree with the
Senator as to the distress, I am also
tensiblw - that there re grea t piiulTc"
emergencies in which no permanent re
lief can be afforded, and when the wi
sest are obliged to restfrt to expedi
ents, to palliate and to temporize in
larder togairv4ime-with a-vtew1o applyj
a more euectuai remeny; out tnere are
also emergencies of precisely the oppo
site cliaracler, when the best and the
most permanent is the only' practical
measure and when mere expedients
lend but to distract, to divide and con
found and thereby to delay or to defeat
alt relief and such viewed in til its
relations and bearings, I consider the
Massachusetts has not also so consid
ered it, I attribute to the fact that, of
the two questions blended m ihe sub
ject under consideration he has given
an undue prominence to that which has
by far the least relative importance, I
mean the questions of the bank and the
currency.' As a mere bank question,
as Tiewcu by the senator, it would be
a matter of but little importance, whe
ther the renewal would be for srx years
or for a longer period! and a prefer
ence might very properly be given to
one or the ether aa It mieht be bupdo
sed most likely to succeed but I must
say that, in my opinion, in. selecting
the period of an years, he baa taken
that which will be much more lesslk-
ly to succeed than one of a reasonable
aad proper -duration. BuLhad he tarn
ed kt view to the other aad more pro-
minent'qaesti.n.J'awotveJi..tisd he re
' t carded the. ouestioo as a question of
?rencjft and thaf the great point wss
t rive It UntlormilT, peinianeili- aim
tfe v i fGaf T4 eneclTnir tncceeMehtlftl
ieciS the bank" is a mere Subordinate
nd ' o7..Hm""'.fiei1 as ,0 1,4 "uranon
ence to ihlffla'nt wu.0 "J e"l '
t.nw t . Audition of the cur
AvA v1 - iht be would
rdn be would
he has brought Torw.rd, wl..crif
ai I have already sid, every tlitlL
connecteu with the sUbject-ftp-a 8(ate
e ' . . 1 n ..
All feel tha the c
octttauun. .
currency is a deli-
cale subject, requiring to be touched
with the Utmost caution; but in order
that if may be seen at-wellnsfeit, why
it is so delicate! why slight touches".
viun-i in urpicsauis sir elevating It, a-
gitate and convulse the whole commu
..:.t ; !.. .1 ...., .-.-. .- '
nity, I will pause to explain the cause.
If we take .the aggregate property of a
. t . . i 1 e
cuiomuouy, inai wuicii lorms me cur
rlncr., constitutes in value, "a "verv
small proportion of the whole. What
conjecturally as fixing it at one to
twenty-five or thirty, though I presume
that is not far from (he truth and Vet
thia.kiliisLL. ru-fimirtifili r.f (ltd urnmii'tv I
rftirms the medium
ot ciccvlation by which all. its exchan-.
ges arc elected; bearing in this reip'-ct,
v . . : .;-.r--r." -'r r T'-rtr-:1 ;r--
a u iMng Miiuiiariij, consuienng ine
diversity of the subjectH, to the blood
in the human or animal system.
II we turn our attention to the laws
which govern the circulation we shall
find one of the most important to be,
mat as uiu circulation 1 tiecreaseu or
increased, the rest of the properly
will, all other circumstances remain
ing the same; bideCreSettTir1riClear.
ed tn vaiuxactly-tt-the-samc5rti
puriiuii. iu iitustraie; 11 a commu
nity should have an aggregate amount
of property of thirty -one . millions of
dollars, ol which one million consti
tutes its currency; if that one million
be reduced one tenth part, that is to
say, one hundred thousand dollars, the
value of the rest will be reduced in
like manner one tenth part, that is
three millions of dollars. And here
a very important fact discluses itself.
which explains, why the currency
should be touched witlv such delicacy,
and why stability anunQflvtoTnnty-a
such essential qualities- I mean that
a small absolute reduction of the cur
rency makes a great absolute reduction
of theralue of Jhe entire nniperty of
tne community, as we see in tne case
supposed; where a reduction of one
.bwi4j.tni- jlbllara lthecur
rency reduces tlie'
property three millions of dollars, a
sum thirty times greater than the re-
duction of the currency. Vrom tTiis
results an important consideration.
If we suppose the entire currency to
be in the hands of one portion of the
community and the property in the
hands of the other portion the former,
b having the eurrcucy in their pusaci.
siorl misht control the value of all the
property of the community, and pos
sess themselves of !t at their pleasure.
lake the case already selected, and
slippiise thatlhose whu i hliliTThe cur
rency tliminlah it one half by ab
stracting itfrotn circulation; the efTeet
of which would be" Wrt&utotiii'wrx'
ctrlitiW'Wfltirhuntffed- riiwaiOTdifot-
lars; the value of property would also
be reduced ons half that is fifteen
millions ol idojiars. let- the process
bo reversed, and the money absTfKctedr,
gradually restored lo osculation, and
. t t . .a. I t ' .
tne vaiue 01 tne property wouiu again
be increased to thirty tniilions. -.
- It must be obvious, that by alternat
ing these processes and' purchasing at
the point of the greatest depression
when the circulation is the least, and
selling at thrpoint of the greatest ele
vation when it is the fullest,' the sup
posed monied class wUt Could at pleas
ure increase, or "diminish the circula
tion,, by abstracting or restoring it.
might also at "pleasure Control the en
tire property of. the . country. iet it
ever be borbe in mind that the ex
changeable value of tbe circulating
medium, compared with tl property
and the business of the community,
remains fixed, and can never be
minished or increased by increasing or
diminishing its quantity' while on the
contrary tbe exchangeable value ot tne
proprtyrotrrfMwW
must increase or decrease with every
additioa. or diminution 01, the latter.
It results from this, that there is a dan
gerous antagonist relation between
those who hold of command the cur
rency and the rest of the-community;
but fortunately for ; lb, country, . the
noiuers oi property ami i ,iie, cur
rencf. are so blended as net Jo consti
tute separate tlasses. ?YejJtls worthy
of. remark it deryea stfohgly to at
tract the attention of those who have
charge of the public affairs that un
der the operation of the banking sys
tem, and that particular distribution of
property existing in the shape of cred
its or stocks, public and private, which
so strikingly distinguishes modern so
ciety from all that preceded inhere is
a strong tendency to create a separate
BBon'wd interest, aecompaLuod with all
the dangers which must 'necessarily
result front Such separation, which de
aerVes to be most carefully, watched
and resisted. -
rttlbQTaTsinrlicirTr thrarmaffbr'
any particular class, in aociety the
rich or the poof, the property-holder
or the woney-holder and, in making
theae remarks, I am not-actuated by
the-slightest , feeling of opposition to
the latter. My bject ' aim ply to
pointout Important relations that ex
ist between them, resulting from the
which governs the currency in or
der trios. ,t,e necessity for a unllorm
stable and currency, lo guard a
gainst the dangcious control of one
class over another may be clearly seen
I ataTidiinny8imply aa a Seha
tor from South Carolina, w represent
heron. the Boor, and to advance the
Tommon interests of these States as
far as we have constitutional power
and as far as it can be done consistent'
ly 'with equity and justice to the parts.
am the- partis n I have said of nd
c ass nor let me add of any political
. . .1 .1 . .... .
try, a am nenneroi me opposmon
the administration. If I act with
bWe tiirliia.rfs!. v ut t a itce. fft f be
cause I approve of their conril on the ,. !
particular occasion and I shall 41
ways be happy to act with them when
I do approve. If I oppose the admin
. . , a
change" funds, it i because I disap
prove of tLeBtral course of those"
in authority because' they have de ,.
parted fiorirtlvr prtndpleofl
they came into office because, inteaa -
of using the immense power and pat
ronage put into their hands to secure
the liberty of the codntry and advance
the public good, they bave perverted .
them into party instrument for per
snnal olilccts. But mine has not ueeit
or will It be, systematic opposition.
WhatererTncasttret--of -thVira -I- may -
deemrrightr f shal I cheerf u l ly u pport f
and t onlv desire that they shall afford
me more frequent occttsions for sup
purr, ana lower lor opposition, man.
they have heretofore done ' ,
With these impressions, and enter .
tiiining a deep tonViction, that en un
fixed, n'sstable and fluctuating curren
cy is to be ranked among the most
fruitful sdurces of evil, whether view
ed politically or In reference to th
business transactions tf the country, X
cannot give my consent to any meas- 0
ure that docs not place the currency
iUd-Joundatiaiu.If l thought
thi determination would delay the re -
net so necessary to mitigate tne pre
sent calamity, H would ; bo to me a
subject of the deepest regret. , 1 feel
that sympathy, which I trOst I ought
lor ine suneringsoi so many ui my iei
low citizens, who gee their hopes daily. -
wTlliefrd
with the reflection that delay will not
be the result,1 but, on the contrary, re
tief will tie-hstenctrby th view which
I take of this subject, , 1 pold it lm
possibl i that any thing can be effected
regarding the subject as a mere bans
question. Viewed In that iight the"
opinion of this House, and of the olh
er branch of .Congress, is probably de-
fin tivt-ly made up. ? Ih fhe. Senate, It
is known' that we have three parties, '
whose views. coBitlcrin it as a bank
question, appear to be irreconcilable!
tt"hope71hen, of rclTef,TausTce nf re
in taking a most elevated view; and in
considering it in ifs true light, as a
iuhjectibf ttiitehcy.I1roff garde
t atiait be sTitrw Tf w foll tnTesti
gation, there will imt appear a remark
able coincidence of opinion, even be
tween those whose views, on a slight
-j tnspe itioor-iMId--ec'mia Jie con it&i
ilicterr. - Let us then proceed to thd
lliveaiitiiiuu ui tne buujci.1, uuuer tuts
aspect which I have proposed. , .
. What, then, is the currency of the1
United Stat? What its present state
and condition? These are the questions
which ! prtipose now to consider with
a view of ascertaining .what is the dis
ease, what the remedy, and what thd
means of spplying it,that may be nej
cessary to- restore our . currency to a
sound coudi.tion. , jS.. -.it
TTreTegacuffehcjrTf
that in which' alono debts can be dis
charged according to law, are certain -old,
s'lver and copper cpinl, "coined .
at the mint of the UnitedStates, and
issued by their autimnty, under en ti-
press provision of the Constitution.
Such is the Istf." What row are the'
facta? That the currency consists al
most exclusively of bank notes; cold
in a great measure, rxpelM by banks-
instituted by twenty-five distinct and
iodependent powers, and notes issued
under the authority of the direction of
those institutions. They are, in point
of fact, the mint of the U. States.
They coin ihe actual money, ffor such
we must call bank tioteaj and rego
late Its issue, and consequently its vaf
ue. - If we inquire as to their number,
the amount of their issue and other
circumstances calculated to show their
actual condition; we shall find that so
rapid has been their increase, and so
various their changes, that no accurate
information can be bad." -According
to the latest and best that I have been
able to ascertain, they number at leasf
four.hundred.and fifty, with a rapital
of not Jess than one hundred and fos
ty-fire miiliousof dollar's, with an itH