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VOI. XXVIII. NO 40, m in TIIO.TI.4.S J. LEHAT, jD IT Oil A WD PBflPRIETOn. TBXISIS. " half HI atvanee. - -.persnnt residing withwt the Sfate ill be -"eijlltreil tofyheW eifouiri oUta year's Jaiibierip'i"" ih 'iranee. ' lTKS OF AllVRHTISINfi.' v tT qn.-e (not eeeeig 16 line t.i Tl") P1 'n,er,'h,nt " ' u Miml insertion, Iwenty.fire eenti. gyYbe iiltertivmeliH of Clerks and StisiilTi will be eli-MlM ii per eeni. hlg'ierj od a He dilution of 3-1 J per eent will be ro.t f.om the i... iiki .l wnib-!-t bv llie tear. Letters to the E liior mint be post-paul Grand Lodge of Carolina. T Ollieers, Members and 0,1. Rln re hereby "'olifieil tlitil Ihr Awntinl Coniii-unii-sl i n ol llie j .l .. . ! f will li li l-l ul f rm iao-b"" - - ----- -- .-- -- he4onia Mull, in tl.e n'j l IIuIk-kIv, (ik1jj tvtuii R llie 'iJili I). c ruber, ami m ill eoHliiiue its sittings Ire-in -ninj neiiiu sill IM I he biiaine! svliifli iimj rani" ocioic it la disposed ol. tllTicera f twlf4iinHe t4jjss. will W expct- 10 be appointed, according lo llie Constitution tn'l Bve-t-swi ol llie Gistml Lodge, jly Order, WILLIAM T. BAIN, C. See Raleigh, Nor. 13, 183" 47 6w (Jj Itegi'ler and Standard tliree weeks. JIE!IAS5KS OJt'Jtia.ltESCJICK, Id the House of Repreaenuiive, on Tucaday, September 26, 1837, on (lie bill to postpone the payment to the Suira of the fourtU in atalinent of the Surplus 'Revenue. -Mr. UKNT 1 1 KU, -of North G a rol i m, said he did not .feel as the gentle man from Virginia, (Mr. Mercer,) wiio had just taken Wm seat, animated with the liope of b 'ing able to throw alditional light upon t:ie subject now tinder consideration, but h could not finHj'rrxnrcsrnrx-in'icThrthe reaw which miluceil iijm to vote against we bill. In tloing so, said Mr. itj I will ' n d follow the example so repeatelly et in", of wandering into the discus sion of otlvr matters, but shall confine myself strictly to the bill now before the committee. I am called upon to surrender uj a 'arge amount of money set apart by a f irmer act of Congress fr th-use of llie People I represent. Before I can do so, I inut be thorough ly satisfied 'hit .it is necessary for tne wmt4 of this Givcriiinenti and satisj fied of tha', I sho ild not hesitate to d.2 nj!l!hs.ta ndinjg thj? jlq03ileJawL That law wa pass d for the benefit of ilie S afes, ami I do not concur with - many of my friends that it created su h a contract between the States aid ".tr- . : ' 'TM 1 7ndinjr on us to i:iy over this money. ''With. But we all concur in tins: tnat he d'ptnitilaw of 1836, authorizing . f-re-rdistrihu'ion of large amount of public money, created a reasonable ex pectation on "the part of the States that it Would be done, unless we were pre - venteibv-then-e5siwy wantft-of 4he Government. That necessity does not exis'; and this bill is rut Jo rev lieve this Government, hot to re attach to it a large amount of surplus reven ue, and to swell again that patronage and power of which it was deprived by "the aiinsitirIsv7"iris'iiot'the Gov-ernmcn,-btttthe p.trty now in power -4hatartmnrg-pt-Titrmg- nnthTintrrhr -litical influence of this public noii-y; auiM liaveJiettstruck with the re markable fact that those ccntlemen who have shown most zeal in favor of recalling the fourth instalment were originally opposed to the depifsite law. They were then unwilling that the Federal Government should be depriv ' ed of this large amount of public pat ronag, and arc now most anxious, uu- deTvarTouy pi ctelTc!r.to Tccalt tn The deposite law, which has been so muclLjibu scd waLai mosL 8jlutary ; measuret like the quality-of mercy, 'it has blessed bo'h the giver and re ceiver. While it has cut off from this Government much of its corrupt and dangerous patronage, it has and will enable the Stjtes to scatter blesings among their People. Where, let me ask, but for this deposite law, would now he the whole amount of the sur- (ilus revenue distributed under that aw? Locked up in your broken pet banks, and put down in the Treasury report as unavailable funds.- Permit me now, Mr. Chairman, to call 'your attention to a brief state ment of the financial condition of the Treasury. 1 will not trouble the com-! mittce with a detailed statement in - figures. I am willing to take the rc-j port of the Secretary of the Treasury j himself, the statement made by the; gentleman from New York at the" head of the Committee of Ways and Means,; Mr. Cambreleng.) or the more elabo rate calculations made by the gentled "an from Virginia, (Mr. Jones.)' These results differ a little, but none J'f them make the deficiency, in the Treasury at .the end of the present var to exceed seven millions of dol- , lars. The report of the Secretary states "itv, o:j n ist of January,' 1837, there was set apart, of surplus money in the Treasury, to be distributed un der (ho deposit law, S3r,468.859, in- 4aug4lt---S6rtMkh'Htir now proposed to recall, and leaving still in the Treasury, on the 1st of January 1 83f, - 8,670,1 57. - This balance, with the revenue already re ceived and estimated for the present year, makrs an aggregate of 827,457, 319. The appropriations for the same period amo'int to g32.733.884. Now, suppose the Administration could ex pend the' whole - of the appropriations; which I believe perfectly impossible podigTfrTTrT"extrava;ant as I know them to be, 1 da not believes it can be dfljie still, Iwwever, there "would be a deficiency in the revenue, nt the end of-the year, of only fc5.276.5G5. To this add two millions more for the Flor ida war and the extra sessjon of Con -greg, and it would make the deficit 7,27f,5G7. This is the extent of the deficiency; and how, let me ask, are we called on to supply it? What means are we required to place nt the dUpofeUiun - wf the Aduuuisti'otion to meet it? In the first p'ace, we are to jive op 'thi-j f;urth instalment, set a iuufor.tli . benefit of the States, and. TTTt-,e iie1 jTace, to auiTuiri.e Hip Se- cretary d' the i Trcasivrv to issue Trea- suryJnutcs.JorJwxlvc, lars, amounting, w nil, to 21 ,307,214! I his immense sum is to b! placed at the disposal of (lie Administration, to meet a defi- iency of little more than seven millions! Will the people sus tain us in such prodigality? Ouht they tn.do it? Wc have bVen called together at a period ol unusual disas ter; our constituents are grwnd to the dust by the pressure and embarrass - ment of the times; and yet we are a- Jed to postpone the collection of cus bont to appropriate of "their money, ftom-houe bonds till another year, and and create a debt for them to pay, ; because the channels of revenue from three times as much as is called for by ' the public domain have been blocked fie real wants of the G ivernmcnt! I'his sum is double as much as is ask ed for by the Secretary of the Treasu ry. LiberaJ as he is in his demands 1e"Ti-easury. lieTias. not ventur ed to ask us for more than ten millions. We hive been but recently rebuked from high places for granting larger supplies than asked for by the Admin istration; and shall we, in the verv teeth of that rebuke, repeat the of fence? - I have spoken, "Mj Chairman, of the bi'l upon your table, authorizing the Secretary of the Treasury to issue twelve millions of treasjry notes, thereby creating a national debt to that amount. That bill will become a law. . Whether you . postpone the fouriliIiist.ilmentor nuiwe-roust create a national debt to that a mount; and gentlemen who have ad vocated the bill before you on the ground that, unless it pass, you must issue treasurjrjjiotes, weiLJcnow tlmt we" sTiaTTbcTorced into the adoption of that measure at all events. Amf, much as I deprecate a national debt, anil op posed as I am to the mil-administration of those in power, I shall feel it due to my country to provide ways and means to enable the Government to discharge its just obligations to the People.- - v. , You are urged to recall upwards of -nine millions of -dollars from the States to meet a deficiency in the revenue of something more than seven; ami, as soon as you do so, you will be immedi ately told that this money due the States- i hf ke4 up- -in- broken banks,, and cainot be made available t.o. the GtvfTnmeiitrfl'W'dWrTaTOst t herefoie pas the treasury note-oil! to meet the j wants, of the tovernmeet. such has been the action in the other branch of the Legislature and such will be the action here. And now, sir, let us inquire what a mount of public 'money is asked for diirinj; the first year of President Van Buren's Administration. The receipts into the treasury have been stated at 2f 757, ;3 1 Ther bil -1efoTc:-Tou: proposes-to recall from the States up waM?jt .nincjLnjilionsaLdollju:s flad the other bill upon your table, author izing the Secretary to create a .public debt, by thejssue oflrcasury notes, for twelve millions more, making an ag gregate of 48,824,533! These are stubborn facts which cannot be denied. In the very first year of this Adminis tration, professing exclusive attach ment lor the People, we are asked lor upwaads of forty -eight mitlions of dol lars for its support. The gentleman from Massachusetts, Mr. Adams,) whan at the head of the Governments was charged with prodigality and ex travagance in the expenditure of pub lic money, and upon that charge was driven from office by those now in pow er; but, be it remembered that that administration, during its whole term of four years, expended but little more than the sum asked for during the first year of this administration. Is this the retrenchment and reform promised to the People? - I know it will be said, in reply .to tfiis statement, and said with truth, that much of the money due the States under the fourth instalment is depos ited in State Ranks having suspended specie payment, and cannot, therefore, be made available to this Government. But this, to my mind, constitutes a slrorg argument against this bill. The whole amount may be made available to the States. No Slate in the Union could refuse to take the notes of its awlnW live snare- ol the tourth instalment itic siiaicui Mil? iuui in iiiniainitut. i For mvself. J would scorn to ask any thee paymaster than the banks f my own htate. V he;n the banks ol a State held more upon deposite than the distributive share tf that State, those bank could pay that excess to other States, whose banks did not hold upon deposite an amount equal to the dis tributive shares of those Slates. In this way, the operation (night be made favorable to the banks, the States, and ! the People. It mav be said that (he 'banks having an excess would not be 1 able to pass this excess to a sister State, How, then, let me ask, would they te a- ble to pay the whole amount to this Gov ernment, demanded, as it would be, in specie, if you pass this bill? If una ble to pay a part, they would be less able to pay the whole; und if the wf4ple were demanded of the banks, what would be its effects upon the peo ple? A sudden contraction by ttie banks would be the inevitable conse quence. Ihev would bi compelled to call in their -debts; and, instead of re- lieving the peojdji, "fi f whTcTrweliave been convoked, wc should but augment ! ruptcy and ruin Mr. R. argued at I.MigthTii favWct allowios; the "Urth instalment to be paid to the Sia-les by the deposite banks, and of au thorising the tempora- ; . .. C . , e .. r. insucui treasury notes lor tne ltn-mdtatrrreltef-oMhe tiovero'invttt. Why, (said Mr. U.) are we called on to adopt any me sure of relief at this 1 tinier It is because you are compell : up by y your, specie circular. If no more mad experiment be performed upon our currency, we may expect httejilimej-awser-they-amiot-ber Commerce will again revive, and, the specie circular repealed, the revenue from the public lands will again, swell your treasury. To this may bo added a largd amount of custom-IIiiuse bonds postponrn for catlectioii ttltlhe next year. The revenue, therefore, for the next year, niust bo large, and will en able the administration, in a year or two, at furthest, to pay off" these trea sury notes without recalling any part of the money 'distributed among the States. AH that is wanting is the prac tice of more economy in op expendi tures, ami I trust we are prepared p do iL Let u not preach -cconomyrto the People, while we practice prodigal ity towards the Government. - And how, Mr. Chairman, I have i word or two to address to my South ern friendsr onthrs subjects -Vou-antf I come from a quarter of the Union who have alwaya received a gtep,-pna pi'i uonoi me lavors ot this Uovern- menf. In the . scramble, heretofore carried on' for the public money, the S.mth has always stood aloof; be'eausc sue lietieyed many ot the expenditures unauworizeti oy the Constitution. Under the deposite law, however, we are entitled to our proportionable share of the surplus revenue; and,tor one7T am determined to hold on to if. The bill, it is true, purports to be a post ponement of the fourth instalment; tiut the gentleman from Maine, (Mr. Smith J with his accu.stomed..J"mnk. nesc tlls yimJlaJi'ifiiiatejid --it ioi be a repeal. Pass that hi I, and the tuuithanstalment-tsgaae from your and you will never recover it. The public treasury mnyr-gain become full to overflowing, but" no part of it will ever be applied to return to the States this equitable apportionment. It will be squandered as it has heretofore been squandered, in unequal, extravagmt, and unifuthorizi'd cxp.-iuliturn; upon splendid edifices, ' new - fortifications uncalled for bv the nubile service. Nigiit-housegTrreeTisr Tiarbors:' and ex- other iavmaste than 4he banks f nVTrrJin? out t very ltw.--Itf ploring cxpedi'ions. XVhatsHvairtiS; oeen the history or this Government for the last four or fire years, but one of the most wanton prodigality? The friends of the administration are respon sible to the country for these extrava gant and unauthorized uses of the pub lic money. They have a decided ma jority in bath branches of Congress, and were, therci tre, able at all times to check t!iiseji;fravaajcc.JJi!!ok. it the expedition which they are now fit ting out at great expenstj for the pur poses of exploration and scientific re search. At a time when the Gevern ment is said to be bankrupt, and we are called upon to create a national debt to meet its wants, and while eve ry breeze which has blown for the last four months from the North and the South has brought complaints of un exampled distress among the People, this administration has been spending millions for the purposes of research and discovery! The gentleman from Massachusetts, fMr. Adams,) when at the head of the Government, in his great zeal for science and internal im provement, in his annual message to Congress, says: ' - ' "In inviting tne attention of Congress to tha subject of infernal improvement upon a view thus enlarged, it U not my design to rceom mend tha equipment of an expedition for eir- curonavigating th globe for parpotc of ecien- tifie research and inquiry. We have objects of mote useful inquiry nearer bora, and to which our care may be mors benefi tally applied.' ! OTTnntSTnflnSiir IftinT 3TasHa-rnTl . for " purposes, this Administration is ciiuaeus consiuereu ioo extravagant Carrying out to thsj :verw luw.-:It us reform these abuses, reduce our ex pendituret, and bring Wk the Gov ernment to its nncient republican aim plicitv. rids i the relief whWU the Peopfe have a right to expect ''at r hands. I have but one word more, and I am done. Frequent a lusion has been made. in the course of this debate to the financial system recommended for our adoption in the Message f the President. He admits that the exper iment performed by his illustrious pre decessor, of making the State banks the fiscal agents of the Government, has signally failed. That failure has brought disaster upon the country, ami we are now invited to another experi ment upon' the liberties of the People, by establishing a Government bank; for this sub-Treasury system is noth ing more nor less than a Government bank, for the exclusive benefit of the Government and its oflicers. It may rfuTTiTsh-illTJTTi-vmhrs "snund metallic currency, but it will inevitably leave foe the- People-nothing- but- the baser currencyrc'm nev." It will adif to the Kxecutive . C". ""-...i i..-A. .u. ...:u and disposal of the PrdntSUil',0 sand more executive ohcers armed i wi.tb the whole J-evenuc of thi cunlrv! Sir, I trust we are to have no such ex periments. The People of this coun try are sick even unto death, both of experiments and experimenters. La cerated and bleeding at every pore, ii i li t .I.-. . t i- i- ' -1 wejuremvn; ill i lie lliougnc Ol Delllg asain placed under an exhausted re ceiver, to be -operated upon by politi cal quacks. Afflicted as they arc, and afflicted as they have been by those in poweju!heyei4rfcr jo "Bear those ilia they liava Than fly to others that they know not of." BANKING,. COMMERCE. AND TRADE. The President of A mheral College, Dr. Hum- r1irr-.v in Jweourao of ibr ailvaiUflgcs of Banking, and the utility of a great Banking 'rnp. ital, gives the following vivid aammary of the greatness of England, its wonderful resources, the enterprizes of its people, and the rapidity with which every opportunity of gain is seized and improved. The extraordinary results lie attributes lo the facilities afforded to the energy and capabilities of commercial and mechanical men by the extensive system of bankinr. In spaTiwgTOloCtorske parcn s, it is a pleasing reflection that the no ble qualities of the Anglo-Saion race have not degenerated by crossing tha Atlantic. "Who will deny that London is at mis moiiitiii uie greatest oaiiKitisi lionse of the world, and is able seriously to anect-ereiy ..munc.yeu-i vtnv-oi -every nation under heaven, almost at pleas ure! V hat was it but British gold that enabled Spain and Germany, and other continental powers, to meet the shock of the' French revolution to keep such vast armies r he field to maintain the struggle with the greatest years, till the whirlwind of the last battle swept him away and a rock in the wide ocean received him to its safe and final custody? . What other nation was able to build and keep in commis sion a thousand ships of war, like those tt ii icri rmicr-i rrumpnanT in every m ami may say oioekaded the whole cnrrtinTTU rf KufopirfJFten yearsr'Tll appears from authentic sources that du ring the French Revolutionary, war, which broke out in 1793 and lasted till 1802, Great Britain expended 468 m.Uious of pounds, or about 2330oif-. ions of dollars. The war against Bo naparte becan in- s.1, and ended in I8I5. - During those twelve years of f sirS.TJanj:fLnilarjiageaute-apjuit the enormous sum of 1 1 59 millions!! "1 millions ofjvliichl-Htas-Kfisetl -by tr -.I.. m, ... ies, 771 minions ol dollars were paid into the treasury by the peo ple iiilwelve years! that is to say. about $314,000,000 annually or more than 8800,000 per day! -Was there ever any ther nation since the world began that could have raised one third port of this sum, without utter bank ruptcy or ruin? But this is jiot all. During the period of twenty-two Yearik from IT93 to 1815, Great Britain rais ed by t loans, 589 millions of pounds, makingW total expenditures in these wars, l,Ti3 millions of pounds, orji, 006 millions of dollars! Now be it re membered, that nine tenths of this in credible sum, was a much lost to the nation as if it had been thiown into the Atlantic, and yet there is no counting her remaining treasures. It is true her 'national debt is enormous be tween 8 and 900 millions of pounds, under the weight of which it has often been predicted she must one day sink to -rise no more- But to whom does she owe this 3ebl? To France? To Itussia? Tvtp United States? No, but to herself; this is to her own "peo ple. Not a dollar of it is 'due to any foreign nation ; so that if the British gov ernment were to declare itself bankrupt to-morrow, the nation would b still just as rich as it is no'. It would he all act of extreme injustice to all ' the fund holders, to be sure, snd would ruin thousands of familiest but th mo- .... 1. 1 .11 ;.l.- .....,.. lt,!lin n,.i.f,l m.nn. (a h a. ah-- iu k r. .i, ; iu is, u j . ir uic iiwiicsi iiaiiim in iiic worUf.. Ru.1 how is this to be account- ei forhe wa one rMof I anit-WtirTarheirnannirfiTfrufoihed " with ' has made her so enormously rich? How' is it, that after throwing' away money - enough, in foreign wars to enrkh a - great empire, she ha still enough left to buy out. twenty kingdoms? In an-; ering these questions, I shall be led to Rlance ranrdlv. as I Dronose. at her natural revmrces, her agriculture, her another side we look tt moreeleva manufactures her commerce. ' jted meltdojy, decked with the scarlet And first, whatare the natural re-' Miage of thejq,w whortleberry and we sources of hiS island ViT.'GrVat iUltVinP.I'm'ght 'believe the earth to be spread Who, in looking at it, ( more speck with a carpet of the costliest dye. Re- : on the map of the globe ,) would pose there coyld ever be ach an accu- tiiulation of wealth and power, as H undeniably contains on so small a ter ritory!' None of its mountains teem with the precious ore, and none of its rivers 'ro I down their roldcn sands." It has soma liberal veins of copper; hut its most valuable minerals are iron, tin and lead. 'The single Slate of Vir ginia is larger by nearly millions of a- cres, than the whole of hrtglanu anil Wales, Iroin ' the 'Tjli1nitTi End to the banks of the Tweed." Missouri, also larger bv a million of-acies Georgia by more tTian TiiiTfa mimon"; anirTITi nois contains just about the same num ber of square miles. The climate of Britain is better than that of almost any other country so far north, being v mouthed by the proximity ol lit. A il... "Wuaviiei ui.auMi-VBiis, uum ii "in ii or compare witn sinnWia mutter latitudes. .. In "some narts Lngland the natural soil is dern ami ich; in jrencral, it is cood; and it is cexfainly alinosXev ble of rfch cultivation. But my belief is, that the soil of Kentucky is richer; Illinois is richer; and to say uothiuirof some of the States farther south, I am stronly inclined to the oninioii. that bjithYorkind PennsvlvnttcoH- tain more Square miles of first rate land in proportion to thef area, than Knglanil and Wales. I speak now of the soil in its virgin state certainly that of England is under high cultiva tion. So faras creat water nower con- tributes (o the Wealth and Diosneritv tit .. . . - i a country, Hi i tain ctjoys no advantage over other nations. In fact, she has very little compared with many others that are infinitely inferior to her in cap ital ami enierpuse. nut she tines not need it. She has inexhaustible beds of coal, and the steam engines, which are worth more to her than would be wafer power she could have. By the help of steam she sinks her shaft wherever coal or any of (he valu- aoie ores are lound, and brings up the prouuet irom tne cieptu ol a hundred jlhiwa-:'.-lf U ia.inm.1 fche' erecta her forges on the spot ; and whether it be M! WjJalgaalie generalea'all , the pww- er sue wants, with the greatest ease, to wieiu we most ponderous machinery. If it is any other inetalfshe does tfie same. ,11 it is lime (hat she wishes to prepare for building, or for measure, she rarely finds it necessary to no far forcoafto burn It.' Indeed, alternate strata of coal, iron, and in" the fa iiie pi ''Carenotnconiniont ami then, you will see all "the process of Bringing mem up irom its ilark caverns, manufacturing iron and burning lime. going on at once. Some of the veins are. followed br the-workmcn" to ftifroxvffen.r ' 7 , exceedingly interesting to me, to see unftjuieat and other xu:upav.mv-ing-o extensive iieuis, sw the excavations were gni nyr wtrettrwr Ttrttf ytel dtn rto toe propriecore a nunureu limes toe value of the lands themselves. Before to prodigious power and various ap plications of steam were' discovered, these vast beds were valuable, simply as common rue!; but now they are worth incomparably more to the toun TfyTwan'n jlIg:ue,cn t!'cy '"-'en placcil in the mountains of Wales instead-of the An des. '. ,1-,.' , ,;:.'-.-;; s '' AUTUMNAL WOOUS. On every returning year, when au tumn again clothes our forests with their gorgeous drapery, we gaze w ith increased delight at the glorious spec tacle; we feel 'whenever we feast our eyes upon the wonderful sights which ilie "season offers, as if wc Jcould de scribe beauties, which neither poet nor painter ever sketched; and. as if new visions of an autumnal glory had be.pn revealed to us. with which no other eyes than ours had been blespcd. But when wc sit down with" pen in hand, to describe that - which others, as we thought, had too feebly' told, we are taught the lesson not altojjether new that the vivid conceptions, and well de fined images of the mind, are faint and ill in the expression; and that only the poet's loftiest power can convey in words,' the fullness of imagery or thought which, the mind lias conceived.. But though we are aware of our waat of powcrioye new interest: to a theme unon which so manv-have writ. ten, and written so well, we shall not lay aside our pen, but assuming a pri-J iirjje wmcn a winter must lomeiunrn claim, shall write to please ourselves, and trust to our good fortune to please our readers. ; One of the first circumstance whieh atrike as in looking at the autumnal ,.!. ; r.;. ri,mP..i r tha . Lira ln mia aid wa tniik mill ..mn iwhiivutciim j ine and white maples: the treea are de- branches and there are no masses of foliagr. But the leaves have caught, the richest and most ;sried lint, so that we look at the swamp enclosed by the dark hills of evergreens, it seems like a gigantic flower garden, covered with the eacJiest plantsof autum. On i up-1fore us, an eminence crowned with oaks whose dark greeti foliage has not received the mysterious touch, lies like a black summer cloud against the sky. Beside it, a summit covered with the dense foliage of the maples, colored; with everv hue, rivals the golden rlouds of the October sunset, f n the farthest distance - 'The mountains that unfold, '. In their wide sweep the colored landscape round, . - Seem groups of giant king' in purple A in gold," 1 hat guard tlie encbanted ground. ' - -'- . It would be well if the hint were ta- ' fctm-Trow of.. -...,,. frees and shrubbery; so as to eiTect the richest grouping and contrast-il the dilicate straw-colored foliage of the 7 - ' '. beech, were made to contrast with the ' dark evergreen; and the scarlet maple, . with the silvrieavMl abele or poplar -- f. - j ' and lheT.'i?nsmr1eavea nd. berries of lii-theVnach, relieved by4he green and riT"" -"SS 'rv-thi Tsame re- ' Mime oi tne iimwiwif a -..i.tTrin - gird lor autumnal beauty. n i1vlhe3orse-cesn and supply their places with the clean. cr anil richer ncerh and maples. It would place the moose-wood with its ; bright yellow leaves, and the sumach, and common whortleberry, with their -C-aJ-le.t ami crimson-foiiag among ik must approved ornaments of our shrub beries. . Popular opinion attributes this change' in the color of the foliage entirely to the frost Builhe wiiimjipon Vfget- aide phisiolojy, give another reason which we will attempt to explain. " It is well known Ihaflhe principal suste nance id plasts, is the carbonic add gas . which they derive" froih the Water which the roots imbibe. This gas is comwd of carbon and oxygen. The ' efTect cf light upon the leaves of tha plant, is to separate the oxygen which" ' 8 'n the car bo n ca cid. 1 ) q rio g f he day, thcrefere, the oxygen is constant ly passing off, the carbon being in the,' . leaf. The carbon is of a dark blue ro' lor, and combining with the yellow (is sue of the leaf, gives its creen color. OxygerrtralsoTcct-ived into the-planfl,,. directly, as well as in combination with" ll,i?j:!ULhoijL...ui.!hjLJu.x escape oy uay: when therelore the 1 nights grow longer than the days, the leaves receive more oxygen than they can discharge. The superabundance of the oxyg.-a.4l.tiys (he green color- ing of the carbon and dyes the leaf with ' ..ii..;i-:i:r....: i...-- t : .i ------ u.'ovi viii mult iiui-s. - t ne iuci mar x yxM.-giveHaiioua als, mills probability to thii theory. It is probahle that the' frost has some in fluene Si well as the.len'ith of the. ' nigh', by closing' the pores of the leaf and thus preventing the escane nf-the . f-T4iis hefltiful toioriiig-tif ha toltagelr is peculiar to the American forests. " i Foretgnmrhinfrit the mosTTfrrTting" prooaoiy owing 10 u greaier purity or our climate, on which account $ great er supply of oxygen ) furnihed and to the suddenness of tho frosts by which", the eseape of the oxygen is prevented. The hues ars more'beautiful in some seasons than in others, ami more vari PiLia the interior than.on-jjie seaboacd, which is owing to the difTerence-of the climate?- Z'i' l : : ' -7Tr-r: Ttt would be an object to reside upon t the Connecticut river'or in Vermont, ' if for no other reason than to enjoy ilier"" splendid spectacle: - of those noble rounded hi)la, clad to their summits ' with trees of every hue. " . But in every part of our country, there is enough of beauty to make this season, to those ' who will go abroad and etijojr.it, the most cheerful period in the year, "A tamn ii not with us the melancliolT season which English poets have de- 7 scribed, J Every thing here is glad and -l joyous. The air is pure,4 and the sky . unclouded, iioptby those - golden- masses which give to the setting run beau ty. The. birds returning from their , northern summer haunts, stop awhile ;. in the fields and gardens to bid us a- dieuj and the leaves of the forests, tho soon to full, instead of wearing the sad, dened habiliments of decay, like the , dolphin,, give token of their coming t death, by putting on their gayest and j brightest tints. . : . . i.' - , .t The Fountain Head. The Grand ' Jury of Peterson, N. J. after indie- " tinafn'orty persons lor sewing ,iquor, y presented the court itself, . as a nuis- ,? ance! for having licensed so many gmg . shops. The Court refused to receive the pfesentraeul, and discharge 'thj . Jury folhwith. f -:
The North-Carolina Star (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Nov. 22, 1837, edition 1
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