iOiEIGnrc: WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 30,1839.;
vol. xxx. .
NO. 6.
. TIIOS. J. LfiMAr,
VDIT KAIf D FRO PR IB TO R
TfiRXrXS.
8rcmrri, th.ee dollars P?M",-Pe
irwLSff wStoj " """ iM
qyir" to py th moiwtTDHfcjrr
"R'tWnVBRTISINO.
ror err iqiu'r (aot MMKAg U ii"
.. itiw) lirst in!rlH, onedtillar, wk Mb-
. .- . . ... .njt.
-fc. ft.- .l...usUnjaaflfl ,
k. ..Irertisemeiits ef Clerks ad ShrrrHs
ill ke eh.rred 41 per eet. fc.hn and de-
Jue.lon of per eei.t, will nmdefrom !
rerul.r prices lor edertiser by the year.
Letters to the Editor muH tx. poit-tid.
" Tltenew Senator from Ohio.
Th KM ANC1PATR. the leadinS
vrgafc of the Abolitionists. Uiusaiinoun -
ees the election of Mr. Tappan to the
IJ. S. Senate from Ohio:
In Ohio, the Hm. Benjaraio Tappan haa
lean elected Senator for i yeara from the 4ih
tf March in place of the worthy senator iwor -
WLr'-t majoriiv waa 7 oer Ewing. the
iff candidate. We preaome Mr. Morrii wn
dropped from M'"' conaidcrationa. aa the pro-
ulaverr pafT bare gained noimng ny me enange, ) -"-" .-- . "7
M T. being brother to the Preeidenl of the A- '1mP,"n '"-ect.on in irlma, h,e aa.d. about
W.H Anti-SUrrrj Society, and an older and ,l,e. iUv" Jina.
- v -..y ,sLble. in their moat mortleroiia acta. In n
. rnnver anemv ui eiater inan i-wn mm;
himaelf. He u en bolUioniL iiowerer, "ol me
old echool," and haa Uken no part in the mo
dern motpnjenta," ao far a we know.
'
he abolition propensities of tne Oiuo
Senator elect, the-foriowing statement.
furnished us by unquestionable authori
ty, woulj supply it: '
"Some year, tinre, while holding Court in his
District, he (Judge TappanJ -vaa told that there
waa "bail new from Virginia that en insurrec
tion had taken place in South Hampton Coun
- v." Sceptic. He replied, that he considered
4hat g-eud ueiet that it waa fight for the 4ae
to riiHhrirtMlvoe in any manner- 'ney cnoee,oi
thrir mastcra, and that 'if hi torn were to go to
' asuist in uurllinir the insurrection, he would
ilitinheril him."
This is the indivttlual, whom the Van
Jiurtn party have elevated-io a seat
in the U. S. Senate ;fliia is a speci
men of the mrn, w'mnr MeasravDrom
gooe,rRires and other Southern- trai
torji .have joined, and who' have taken
upon themtelvra ffctiefenceof the in
fttilUtion of slavery, and of the vital in:
lerrsta of the Soatln 'I hey would dis:
inherit their sons if they .-aided in ar.
resting the slaughter of Southern wo
men and children, and :yet there are
Southern-me who have the effrontery
to ask ihe- Sou therh ' nepl ta belie ve
to ennnue to inpif iiimu .c p"icv"o.i
f 'their firesides. : -Vise, - Uoberston,
Hunter, Preston, -Tbompson all the
Southern Whigs are, according to the
practice of Messrs. Dromgoole & Co.,
too deeply imbued with abolitionism to
be admitted 1o their1, secret tonsulta
tions. whileV!tliey extend the fraternal
hug .to Dr. Duncan, Tappan., & CoM
who not only hold slavery tw1)e a curse
. hut m.inriiin-thar ti.-iVfho1dira. are no
l.l III. I tt H il . . . - -
better than thieves and : robbers, and
that it would be doing God service ut
terly to exterminate thera. - Hvs .
We care not what may be the senti
ments of the Northern, democracy on
Abolition they must be of the tnogt
deadly hostility to our institutions, and
( we approhend no ' danger from ;,them,
r so long as we are i united and trUe to
ourselves. But when Southern indi
viduals, oecupvins the 'important sta
tion of members of Congress, , endeav
'our to persuade the Southern people
that theser their; worst enemies, ; are
their best friends when they actually
enter in to a conspiracy with themT for
the purpose nf betraying the South, itid
handing it over, bound hand and foot,
to those infenfl potfltr destmctton,-we
should be recreant to our.dutyj not to
jrive the alarm, and put the country in
"possession of the-facts, v-.t; xc,;
We charge then, nnd we call upon
the Southern people to takje heed, that
: certain Van; Daren members of Con
si)rtr4hJi,8attth'heff base pdr
tlfpurpotei, betrayed their cohstituents,
and entered into a conspiracy with Van
Buren members of the North on the
subject of " -Abolition and " that tltey
have endorsed these Northern Demo
crats as true friends ol the South, kow-
,,Jng.aithiiwa!vaih
to the institution of 8lavery,un.,.every
x ahape and form." W charge morcbver.l
Hjjtjg nrrier to accompusn te.liC.JP.er.
" scheme, they prepared two $tria
ofirttolurtonntfvtry different import
onejor circuia'iun m aj wis
other in the South. '
. ''There may be, and we do not doubt
- nere rV manT,oC the Whig, raa . well
t f the Van Buren party, in the non
laveholding Slates, who are opposed
to slavery. , put they make no loud
professions of devotinjo- to Southern
righ'a they have not assumed upon
themselves, unasked, the task of prb
: tecting otrr institutions, ' and they have
ot had it t,hrust upon them ;by South
ern traitors; that thejr might have the
belte. opportunity of. bf tfaying it.
Those of them who are opposed to us,
aay frankly w. know them as o
pen enemies, we treat them al such,
and we are in no danger oC treachery
W supprise jwhile those who aide with us
are ecruslly frank and decided, and hav
ing no sinister "Object in ' view," ' their
professions of friendship can be relied
n. This is not' tho-csse '.with, the
7. Northern Democrats. -They are see
lc5 Southern votea for Northern
Vrrident. and,:. for, the time being,
ill Srrbple at ao j declaration -hicb
It farther evidence were wanting .on,Wnij.muh,primh..,:MMH-oi,i.ir.
will aid them to achieve "their
Their Abolitionism, odious as it
end.
may
be1 not half so
danseTOuarnotlHeiUtope-others - than, themselves are
hundredth nart so execrable and de-
teitat,!e to. every generous mind,:, as
duplicity and , falsehood. Let
te gog,, beware of this, ami of
VYW wi,HB "Ur m "h !?,rfn8
them to palm it oB on us, and it hasno-
,.. to ft.,,.. . , , ftcA fjt .
1 . '
I Several Ohio Paper contend that
Mr. Tappan is not an Abolitionist, but
the tlheeling Time$ bears the follow
ing testimony to-the-abolition senti
ments id the new Senator from Ohio:.
SENATOR FROM OHIO.
.rh,racter;ltics ,,f ,he hewy elected Senator
from Ohio. We have more reuoiu than one
for fulfilling that pro.miseat an early day, We
know him, and we will apeak of him what we
' know.
t " miiu, .nn, . .cuctjo mc ;mm n
! Colombirt that he ia.nol an ab,titiHiit(. He
''" wno unow mm Knew 10 oe
, ' "preaaea llimself aabol.tion.
-,-i.-iw,,.. . . .
nff froin here to SteubenvW
be Wat once aerating about, abolition, and
i i . i i.i i.
1rl e.-..l :n. .k. .1.... . ..r: .! ....
iuiuki wnai iie-wiraiu uo ii ne eaw, oppo-
rection, aiul.murderiire the wires and chiJren
of Their masters. Hit reply Was, "I would put
anna In theirlianda.V lie ia known in Slcu
benville ass brawlinff abolitionist.
. Me ii a "notorious infidel, dehynf,nnt only
revelation, but the existence of a tiod tie
endeavors too on alt occasions to inculcate the
doctrine he holds into the minds of the young
and t uproot any previously formed ideas of
motility and right. He is, a follower of Fan
ny Wright in her most gross and) detestable
viewa of aociety, seeking' to do way with the
institution of .marr'nge, and throw mankind
down toa level with the brute. .
In fine, he is a bad man one in home
would place no confidence, and with whom
we. would never enter into conversation. A
man who it in every sense of the ward, con
temptible; tmscme in langusge.. base, vulgar
and abusive the very worst man, who could
'nave i been fbnnd irrt he State itt Ohio,: or-in the
Union. He is the only msn we know 1n whom
we do not know some redeeming trail of char
acter5"Vit ' -'.r.".? . .'
. We do not speak of him as a politican, hut
aaan American, ami one who has regard for the
moral characterjol his countrymen and wishes
to put them oil their guard against Sucji S
wretch. ' Wetiope this description. Taint as it
is, will be remembered, and llmt all who ever
meet with him in I. is character of Senator.
pi-ill treat him accordingly. .,, . . .
Uf THE 1 RF.SIUKNT.AND StHECtb&S.
TH1 LlTEHARY FuaO OF NoRTH
0 THSSCBJICT OS COMXOR SCHOOLS,
' y v-'' "r November, - 188. r --J.s''
v. , A resolution adopted' at the last ses
sion of the Legislature, made it the du
ty of the President and Directors of the
Literary Fund to digest a plan for Com?
mon Schools, suited to the- condition
and resources of the State, and to re
port the same fur the consideration of the
present Ueneral Assemoiy, ' ; -
The Board have given to this sub
ject attentive and anxious considera
tion, and taken pains to procure all
the information, within their: reach,
which Seemed essential to enlightened
legislations. Ott''--the of ,
W - vr last, the. President, under ..the
direction of the' Board, transmitted a
Circular to the Governor of each S ate
in the Union, requesting copies of.au
legislative acts and other olhcial Doc
uments in relation to Common Schools,
cither in existence or contemplation.
This communication received the fa
vorable and, general attention, ; Which
the interesting subject to which it' re
lates so well carcutated'to--eeite, and
the Board have thus been enabled to
present to the General "Assembl y many
publications of great interest and value.
. They regret to be compelled to state
in annexion with this topic, that their
efforts to procure still more important
information, with respect to the actual
state or education tit-- Piortn - arouaa,.
have been much less , succtssfatrand
that no means at their .command will
enable them to obtain such facts as are
indispensable ,io the. proper, jd.ischarge
of the duty required at their, hands.
. The reports to the Senate in 1816 and
1817V tjr " 1 laf ? uitgeMnrpheyv the
letter ot Charles R. Kinney, Esq., com
municated to the General Assembly by
Governor Owen in"182oV'nd the let
ters of the late President-Caldwell, o
riginally published in' the newspapers
and republished in phainplet form in
1832. have been procured,' not with.
out difficulty, ; 'i'liojr cont
valuable suKrestionl '"antT w
many
reward
th labor of tliemost careful, examina
tion) but they are all eminently wan
ting in that which individual . effort is"
incompetent'to supply the precise and
minute statement nf facts by -' which
alone the accuracy of their theories can
be tested. ' X '.' i;7"r"'''.';;77:i
' The piemoir on the subject ol Inter
nal.Jmproyementsand on the resources
and finshecs of the State, published by
judge Murphey in 1819, is the first and
only essay that has been made towards
the compilation of a system f Statis
tics, almost as indispensable to intelli
gent legislation, on the leading interests
of the State, as a well arranged account
book to1 the proper management of in
dividual affairs. f-r:r-: "":
r If.it shall be objected to Ihia Report,
that like all others which have preceded
if, abounds in hypothesis and theory,
LljfCenej;al:As8embly will not be dis-
posed lb censure foo harshly, the most
manifest defect, when it is apparent
competent to anora a remeay. i ne
Memoir of Judge Murphey, above re
ferred to, comprised much valuable
information, of great interest, at the
date of its publication, and constitutes
the proudest monument to his memory.
On the subject of education, however,
it did not profess to enter ittto details,
and the lapse of nineteen years has
wrought greater changes in the charac
ter and condition of the State, than
would be likely to occur to an ordinaT
ry observer. Since that time no ad -
ilition has been made to the meager a-j
mount of statistical knowledge. There
is no publication extant, no individual;
in existence, that can. aHorcl any satis
factory information with respect to the
number uf common schools in the State,
much less the number of pupils, the
mode of instruction, the condition of
the school houses, the characters and
qualifications of the instructors; In
deed it is doubted, whether there is a
ny one competent to meet these inrpri-
certainly there is none without the leg-
:i-.: i. I 1 1 i i
is.ainc uouj, aim jci an mis anu inucn
more, is not merely desirable and ne
cessary, but indispensable to the great
purpose contemplated by the Resolution
requiring this Report. . Of the number,
resources and condition of our acade
mies, something more, and yet verv
little Is known, . Even the history of
me university is as yet unwritten: the
subject has been ascertained to be ob
scure by those best acquainted with it,
ana liioagn ttie institution bears the
name of the State, and has been proud
ly denominated "the child of the Con
stitution," its precise situation and' re
sources, the mode Of instruction': toy.
eminent and police, the . effect which it
has heretofore had, and is likely to have
hereafter-on the morals, intelligence
ialTcTaraxferIKe Statei" breless fai
miliarly known than they should be,
eveato the constituted authorities of the.
country. riLZ ' -fr-1- i
The; Board have no apoWy ' to ofttr
for the introduction of these remarks
i hey believe there are none more de,
voted-than t Key to the best interests of
their native State,, and they would re-
arti (iiemseives aa recreant to the wgh,'
The inability ol the Board to obtain
tire full and accurate knowledge indis
pensable to a compliance with the com
mand of the General Assembly, to di
gest a plan for Common Schools, "sui
ted to the condition and resources of
the Slate," will constitute the most ap
pronr'iate apology, for the partial and
defective statements which will be of
fered in regard to them.
North Carolina extends over an area
of 50,000 square miles or 32,000,000 of
acres. In 1830 her population consis
ted of 472.843 whites; 19,543 free per
sons ot eoior, and a45,oui slaves. . The
average aesreKSte population to the
square mile was about 14 7"-10, and of
white population y 4-10. - I he aggre
gate population In 1840 will 4 probably
be about 850,000, or IT to the square
1hileV9.net 'the white population 550,000
or 1 1 to the square mile. 1 he number
of white children between the agetJEye
and fifteen years was, in 1830, 129,
583 ux 1840 the number will 4ie about
150,000, or..vto the square nm.e. '
Accurate information, with respect
to the proportion ' of our citizens w ho
have received. the benefit hf a common
school education,' from their own re
sources,' would shed great light - upon
our inquires, 4rhe . tlata . of our com.
mantl is.:, vague - and .uncertain. I he
HIon. - W.Q. Jolmgon, of Maryland, in
the course of a series of interestiner ob
serrations on -the subject of common
schools, made in the House of Repre
sentatives of United Sfa(e:win Febo a
ry last, remarks that he has seen no re-1
Enrt lra i Carol tna on' -this subject,
ut that it ia obvious that she stands
greatly in need nf an improved system
Tif education, from the fact thatrutXf
one hundred , and eleven voters who
gave testimony, in relation to the con
tested election in the first session oi the
22d Congress, twenty-eight made their
mat ksj in other words, one third could
not write their names. -s It -must be re
membered however, that the Congress
sionai uistrict relerretl to is on our
westerns frontier," and that .although it!
';j;Kr,"fn?e,re8" rreantto the high 7 KKn:r r i,t
: 1 'i- . a: .. r-m-i t -,.v..v; t. - iiuiiai s hli b aici uuu niiiuia -vi .ivva a .. . i . mi a i
Sr3???8RS B,a'" . .." a e.dorUyan.llthe syst
rTr-e-imweTiWOTlaTr1a
; mi i;d prSv rh wwzm k
rTr ZrZIZ .i 1 . . . w,,rcn jT shares ini tlie :. Cape .Fear Navigation rilZZ'rlZ'r iV. country, where the
'"""'VX "luueu Toue promui p iomh,nv; f r,n ao hcribe.l for at 50. ,w v.. i"v.grMi.r. u- ceijjn. action implies
, gateu. t; Z't' VT . -.t. tyot'Pi
" t " .ni r- . - . 1 milt 1 uu fc 1W uuiinia yvi Biini - J f,u.i-
certainly yields to no section of the jf'Q-W ,:Jfr,:i'!L . r-
State in the exhibition of menial and j' v W,; v ' ' - '--' - 1,130,485
physicial vigor, neyertheless.'owtng to 6,000 shares of stopk in Wilmington
its comparatively recent settlement andll, ,nJ .R,t;',h, "f ,RJ Jp08:
the sparseness of its population, " the
means of education are less generally
diffused than elsewhere. 4-Tlier class of
individuals ton whose "votes are most
likjely to be challenged are pot always
the most intelligent portion of the eom
0.u nity. . But tf jral I proper sllow
ancrs are made, tne existence of such 4
fact in the most populous Congression
al District in the State, and the one for
which It Will be most difficult to pro
vide, io any genetaf scheme of educa
tion is startling.". Id 1840, more .han
one-eighth of the voters of the State will
be found in this region. In the same
diitiict of country there tre-aot more'
than two wen regutateu seminaries.
where instruction is given in classical
Tear nirigr-' in "tew;rTio-meanare
provided for the illustration of the phy
sical sciences. With the exception of
the University, we have but one matt-
.1 oi.1. ......I ..r
luuuii in t.ic oiair . jpweacusru niiu-
anphical ' and chemical apparatus; a
'third wi 1 in a short time be supplied.
There are not probably a dozen Acad
emies prepared to give instruction in the
use of the Maps and Globes, or half of
this number rurnisheq with Libraries.
The ayerace, number of students tn
,H catalogues or the University for the
lt twenty years, is one liundred and
eighteen, Or in the ratio of about one to
'four. thousand" of our white pop
ulationin 1830. During this whole pe
riod however, many of our young mti,
probably, a third, were educated at' the
Colleges of other States, and if so, the
ratio of students aollege to the wltite
population woutd be as one to three
thousand.
Such is the only information that
aa been obtained with respect - to the
condition of the State.
fore'fatt'MtiidTifetfsWetaHs canto
furnished on the subject of our resour
ces. Hut much, very much win ue
left to be desired. The average value
of the entire-surface of the State, is not
less than two dollars per acre, making
tltt aggregate sum or 64,000, OOOdol
lars. The total value ol all otherjspe
cies of property has beeri"computed
from satisfactory data to be at least
136,000,000 dollars, which, ; added to
the estimate of lands, amounts ;to two
hundred millions of dollars. ,
-"The amalt proportions of (he annual
productions of the State which finds a
market within our own borders.rctiders
it impossible to submit any calculations
upon this I subject which would have
reasonable claims to accuracy7 " r
The stateof the fund set apart for
the support of common, schools -U ex
hibited in the following statement of
the permmtnl ' properly and other tour
cci vfrMmui, committed to tho man
agehient of the fioanl pit
1 st. Permanent property a million
of , acres of swamp bnds of uncertain
value; 5,000 shares ol stock intheUank
of the Slate, and 5,207 shares in the
Bank of CapeFear.fsubsrribeil at 100
per share 1
iect to a like depreciation the divi
(lends on 6,000 shares of atock in the
Wilmininston and Ri'eich Rail Rnad
Company, subscribed ' for at 100 dol.
lars per share) and 175 snares jn . the
Club-foot and Harlow Creek Canal
Comnanr. subscribed ' .-at'r 100 dollars
per shares the .latter of no marketable
value.-- . ,t' ;
. 2d. SounCE or Rbvekuk The lax
imposed by law, upon the retailers ol
spiritous liquors the tax on suction-
ecrs-.-all monies ' paid into the Treas
ury on entries of vacant lands (except
Cherokee lands) and all protits , ac
cruing to the State, for subscriptions
to works or internal improvement, anu
from loans made from the Internal im
provement Fund. - -.- v: ,C
"The transcript In - the stipemlix la-
ken from the report of JhePuplicTreas.
urer, exhibits: the whole fiscal trans
actions of the JBoard since A pril, 1 837.
and is eiven at length to . enable those
disposed . to . .en iterj, n to r t he : i n vesl iga
lion, to aatUIV-:ilienise(vMrorthe."ilfe-
gree of reliance which may be placed
upon the 101 lowing estimates: 1 -. ,,
ESTIMATES FOUNBEB VrOX THE FOBS
'f-' OOIMO at ATEMitT8..-;'4v;-';i-;
The Bank, stock beloneins'. to the,
fund, is of greater value than the 'sub
scription price, and this excess of value
will be more than -equivalent i to the
depreciation of the navigation stocks.
There can be no risk, therefore, in es
timating the Bank stock and the Roan
oke antT Cape" Fear "Navigation stock
at par and the Club-foot and Harlow
Creek Canal aUick a Jesfitufe.pf val
ue. a The value of the" Wilmington
and Raleigh Rail Road stock can only
be determined-by-time antLexperieoce,
At prevent "favorable expectations are
entertained. ; -'"" -.,r:i
RECAPITULATION. ;, '
10,507 shares 6f Bank stock al .. ;
100 per share $1X20,700
609 -do f Roaaoke'fa'ipliiNt . -P
': $199 per share T '; r. 60.0W
650 da Cape Tear v . do ; 't)a,600
, ,iu,. isa - .;?'-..
'. share '-.
.-';r-. 600,000
.Zlkf A :y; : ' 1 732,488
xartTS Aivii ixeoita."" . "
Tbe Dank and Navigation stock, a .. --
; above, will prohably- yield. - a1 -r-' "'
,i yearlv profit of ais percent, on -
. fi.ioo.ooo ' j iij" v r; ' 66,000
Wilmnigton ana Katslgh Hml mi4v
slock. 6 par cent on fOOO.000 , 30,000
Tes: on retailers of apirilious liquors 2,800
" do on'aocUiinrra --fy ' - ' -. ".'..1,100
Money paid for euluee or vacant . - -'
ili'snOa-. - :.' -'''-f- 5,000
One of the principal. sources of rev-
enue during the last two ears,
interest arising fronr loansxmaile by
the fund for Internal Improvements,
is -omitted iuJhe.eatimate. because
the principal money may be appropriat
ed to some public work lurin2tlte
present fession, and this rear or m
nut be a source of revenue, accordin
to the character nf the enterpnae.
The swamp lands are omitted, because
no calculation can be made with re
spect to" them on which the Board
can rely themselves, much less com
mand the assent of others.
. To devise a system .then, which shall'
secure instruction . in t rading, writing.
and atltlimetic, for 150.000 children,
dispersed through the State in the ratio
of three to every square; mile, with the
resources staTetf, would aeem to be the
precise duty" required of the Board, by
the last General Assembly.
Massachusetts is entitled' not mere
ly to the high distinction of having
given birth. to the common shool sys
tem in America, but to the peculiar
glory r having preceded all other pc p'c
iti the efforts now making for the intel
lectual regeneration of the world. The
cra'arelif lilJfPfr'ntiirte'other'than
the criltr"o , intelligence, and the
pin: OKour tree insutu
ions can con-
tinue to exist in none
tuner man (he
Lbrilliant tmopliero wliich cave it
birth. .The population of Massachu
setts in 1830 was 610,014 or 81 to1
each aniiare mil of liir 'IVriitnrvt in'
-:t. ..t i !.....:. . .
: sciiiurj, in
itwilfbe about .10,000 and a-'
1840
bout 94 to the squire mile. The num-
ber of children between the ages of ,e furunnely access to more' satis-tout-and
s xtecn is returned t 1 77.' ftory information, than on any other;
053, and the amount expended for in-J top(C f, engaged our -attentwtt.'
straction is esMmated ...at :,$841,000,-of The rrgret that we have not been ana-,
which sum 84b5.000 is raised by a;di'1i)led toact efBiehtly atan early perK
reel taxation. Ihe latter sum is divid- oJ j, lessened by the consideration.
ed annually among more than three . thlt we are e,,V,oi,tened by the record- .
thousand Jpachers. i,Vhc nsssed yal- eJ experience ol those who have proced
ue of property , of the people of tTat cdjus if tWe were widely discordant
State in 1830 was$208.SGO,40rrand opinions, aAo the best mode of nation-
is prtibaWynuchgreaf crtitowirThe aHnlighttnment.w might atillxpe-
reputation of her citizens Tor intetlt-'jencg ,nm.j, uiificulty in arriving at -g.
v t-nterprise.'is co exten8iveatisfactor. c0ncosionl. , 1
with civilization.- It is a matter of, g0 far, however, as the Board have
jusripridr whhTiicr Statesinen, an opportunity ofetamining the- -
a common school system- cherished tohinory of education in the old and
the extent which ; has t been shown, is! new, word, the mode - f procedure is - -well
suited to the condition and 're.ubstantiaji the same. In sweden,
sources of that . common wealth: , - i 1 p.us.ia. Germany, Austria and, Rus.' .
Jt us compareAlor a moment,:iIie
npuiationis a tteat advaniaKe,"
provided it be equally, diffused, ;..ina.tMen hesitation and delay- v- ,
mucn asviiiersciiooi-iiouse can'; ue : tn digesting the system of common
brought ncaref each, man's door., In; RCl0UHo ;now to be 'submitted,-ihe
equality of diffusion, owing to th fion ciVtm' for themselves no origin-
existence of Jarge -towns, we have uf conception. Theyliave don'
greiftly the advantage; and it is lcliev;nftling ,nore lhit, t(J cnjeavor to a
etf that it can be shown (0 ademonstra-i.un, . '.n'diii,,'h .nl hi..
Ltioii, that the advantage arising ; from
tne greater nsny-01 population
Massachusetts u fully counterbalanced
by evils of an opposite nature, from
which we are exempt. We are ble
sed with a climate equally salubrious, a
soil of irreater average fertility, a Jar-
gcr variety of productions, and more"
valuable staples, a uomain between six lwamp ad, in the Eastern section of
and seven times as etens,vc, an a- tl,e Stste. If this eiiimate approximate
mount ol aggregate wealth nearly .,accarM.j & we ,(d to thextent of the
great, and greater, man for man, divid,Lwnpf hf; mounUioui ditriets of
ed among uui citizens with an equality, '(lhe west unsusceptible of cultivation.
trik-.ng y similar to that whic 1 uiarac-.
I.i-iaia lhali niktrili.lt, nil nvni S lis. Rtstsi-
"OHpygr the Mate,
mination or interii -
admitted that the
In the relative disseim
- ....... 1 ..1
k-envr, i .nun uo huihiiicu uui uns
cause alonejnustbe jsmbede ftc
that, with immensely greater facilities
tor ne pro.iuri.on ot . weaitii we nave
ji . . a . . a.i a
so little surpassed our keen sig'itrd ri-J
vals. Neither argument nor example
s necessary to prove that ihe enter-
prise, and consequent wealth of every
nation, is-iii a iliiert proportion in its
intelligpnce. lt; is the history of Ihe
world, and the.eiperieiicj of ,very in
dividual. '- y;- r.-
"A cfamparison of the relative advan
tages tf JCuilh Carolina with either of
the States that lias entered upon the
great caieer of improvement, will serve
iosuo mere is noining coiuteciei wiui
the; cnnditiiiti and resource of i this
commonwealth, lliat should ' deter the
Jiatiiot froiii lhaattenipt to discharge
his duty. New .York, Pennsylvania,
and the infant Collosus, Ohio, are op.
polite' and cheering examples. The
empire State, that astonished the
wojj.ijJbi'tJie'accompl phy.
sical improvement, ''"a centurv in ad
vance of the uge,'?, has effected iuflnite
I y more for our country and mankind,
in the admirable organization of her
system of intellectual itnniovements.
With a ten itory not quite equal in ex
tent' to ours,' an aggregate population
perhaps' tfi ee times as great, she has
established more than - ten ' thousand
common schools, in which, instruction
is given to a larger number of children
than that f our wholewhite jKipula
tion. " If D Witt: Clinton had never
been born, and the first conceptions of
the whole scheme of Internal Improve-'
mentS'wenr-tttto- bsFformear4hey
would certainly and I inevitably r resuli
from her cbmmon school system. . It is
mind that acquires dominion over mat
ter, and tducatioA that forms Jj)e,;mind.
Pennsylvania entered comparatively
late into the generous contest of physi-
Superioi ityJiutlOt With Ul, and to: thisiVMa turi1lidl into tommoii arhnol dia.
cal and intellectual improvement, but 4
she entered with a giant'a stride, and .
haa made and is, making a giantTs pro-; ;
f;reas. . Wjth an extent of territory, ,
ess by one-tenth: than ours,-tnaggre ;
gate population twice as large, her ays. ,
tent provides Tor the immediate instruc
tion tif 300,000 children, at an annual .
expense of g60Q,D0er"TT '; ,
his expense, let it be remembered, .
been voluntarily assumed . by her
citizens, at the polls, in their several
schoul districts, and M .1 time when
they were charged with-the roainte
nanca of a'system of internal improve .
ments, extensive and costly beyond all
parallel. Ohio, that in the memory e .
ven of theWiildle raged men of the .
present gencation, was a wilderness,
promises to outstrip all her v sisters in
phjSrcaLand inlelleciual improvement. :
One of her citi7.ytii is entitled to tha1.
S'rM4.jaiincttiofnavi.n
rst impetus to the greatest ., physical"
improvement of the age and another,t
a forest born Professor, has, probably, '
accomplished still more gigantic re
sults, by the interest which heriias ex
cited, in favor ul rducatiotv in this na
tive State, and throunhout our coun
try. It cSnhot be Tiecetsary 4 ater
I more extenstvely
into these
tattsulv
;,
Our condition is not unfavorable to
the establishment ol common schools)
we have the necessary resources, and
na.il Mitt hint Kilt illSt ; Witt tA atlffd'
r.v - ry . --i-i'v
them liberally, and the intelligence to
ppy lhein with discretion. ' With
rainarl ta lh fniula) lif annliratinn. wai-
- i.. (tlfr , machinery 4 arransed witli
em pursued
gnvernineii
peop.e are sov-
deltberatton.
.. ,lpiii,,ration ar imtimM in.
,liaclin(;r wlliv, i, been well tried,
arjd fuua eminently useful elsewhere.
()f ,he 3o;ooo gfU,re w
000,000 acres, constituting the sur.
faceof tfmlk Carolina. a million and a
f 0f aCres were estimated by the gn.
B,iPpri ftniii.iuti.il to Pamin th.ni: to
coniiit ( vacant and inaccessible
we ma- Wy tmca that at least .
T . .i' e . ? ;iL!.., J
'pne - teiitli i.f the State i uninhabited.
riere rimmxtAiJim square ,
mie, of inhisbiteU Hfirilory,";!! this
, . r . mhiiln nil t(iritorv.
ltJ.jc,,t jj milet or nearT i0
Ilf , 1 r(Mntti w;n arlinitr""
jlk. Cl.t .ahJ.Iii . tOAA -"uill .liatffi,.
f he g( , ,ai ,230 - WM tiiatrieU,
If the population were diffused through.
out the State,, wi h precise ; equality,
each district would contain about one
hundred and eight children,' between
the ages of five and fifteen, ; and - the
most remote child would be a' little
more tharr fourlmilesi hr a direct line,''-
from Uie eJrs of this district,-while -the
greater-number wnuld be less than
bailie distapce.;:;
. ! It may be very desirable, and cer- '
taiply .wiH ..oul.timately, to'ltave
smaller districts .'.and' more vmeroui"''!;"CRai!s
schools. New York, we" have seen, '
has divided the same extent, of ter ,
ritory. into- more than tentltousand
districts.' She ; has, however, nearly
5 limes as many children to provide
for, and it is a matter of much regret
with her most intelligenf citizens, that '
they have not fewer, and consequently -
better schools?" .Trrrrrr '
The division proposed, would, if our , ' y"
counties wore all of the ; same extent,
gie about nineteen schools to each -county.
: . " ' ?y k '': " v:' -
As stated in the outset, the IJosrd ' - "
have no means of ascertaining, buj, the .
opinion is confidently entertained, that .--; .
there have been , at no tjme a dpsen
good 'schools sustained, in ; the most
f' opulous ind wealthy of onr counties.
I ia belivedr moreover, that if the re-"
quisite funds were at the command of -tlie
Board, the establishment of a great- ,r
er number of schools wottld not be de- J1
sirabletfor the obvious reason that, it
would be iinposwbleto- aupplyr-them
wi Ii competent instructors.-'-. Indeed,
as will hereafter be. shewn,' the- great.
est difficulty to be encountered,-tn ,
Pr.PrUe,
Professor Stow,