.riw iiiimjk,, '. '"i -. , m r.1 r -i1 - " ' iwvuumi.i.... piHi.! ....'ir VT ' " '" 'A 'v ' " 1 " ' "
- -
. . ..i.t " " " 1 ' '.-'' - ' : - ' r- '. . : . j 1 , .
Tbrsa 'Vaasi.'-hiite made witb unfrijmcd diffidence,
...JV! iijt sijicsreJ'irc, thit the work" whieh Iiasibeen so
ward to a g- nrious Yemlt. I ' stormkl hardly IiaVe ventured to
tike suh tiberty.Jiad nrtt my com:isiort expressly nuthoriz
vi riwtdnm)i9 smlt pr-utical rdawrvatloii as J wight think
DMpjr,' m w - I a? to rjxrt Hict- - 1 know that I am address
i ix n!iir?itea.-!d andritrivtitf' nm, vho- have discernment to.
mrcei veya hd jood fraHn ta'appr&cjate, every sincere Attempt,
nirirer humble it way be Air the country's good; and -I have,
therefor j)ken out plainly and directly the, honest convic
tion? ol iny heart; fcelm u-wurod. that what Uhoncstly meant,
wilt, by htii-niind il own, be kii'idly received. .
All of which' is respectfully submitted.
, ". ;. 11 STOWK.
Cvhtrmbu Dfttmbtf 18, -i8
Note. I cannot close "my report, without nrknovIedsrin
my special Mlntwm4(HM! fitleiiv-u whose ua;nerx not
rxv-nr jn it. To Pnl'rssnr I)rrvf. of the I'niversity of Tue
binijen, I am particularly intMibrd for his uuwt-nried kindness j
and assiduity, in direct its; me to the.K-st m-IixK mid iruWu- J
cinjr me totiie tcaruien. lo in.- Jtuvntcjol Umuon, nuu
Professors Prynift and Hi'iiclnw. of lire I'nivcrsity of (Vun
brirfcrc, T aiii nrtd?r ; partietuaf oblintimn. -Dr. Drake-of t-'-in-cinnati,
and Hon. V. Hires, and lion. Ibiiry Clay, of the
U.S. Sonate, also rendered me tirwlv aid.- Hundreds of tench
ers, and other gentlenwti interested in (duration, whowsyir.
pathits I enjoyed, 1 shall u! trays rt'iucinlM.r uiih. pleasure and
gratitude. ' -
A IM
S') I X-
F
m
v intuasiAN SCHOOL I.AWS.
Iu establishing n unifor:ji school system in IVitssia, great
difficulty has been cucountcr.'d troiutlu- lin al usngcsniid priv
ileges of different sectwus, of whirh tin; inhabitants have been
extremely tenaeious. nat rare has ikhmi. taken to avoid all
needless ofTelice.'and to prevent local jealousies. Old usages
and privileges, so ftt" as possil!e, have Uvii respected, and
prejudices .have hot been rxs'ily attacked, tjiit leti to be rad-
ully undernurred by the croiS'itiir advantas of the system.
TlUscourso has certainly been a wise one, but one thnt has reqni
ed $reat patience and perseverance on the part ofilie jroveminent,
and , great amount of special leirjslntion: Ih examining the
rcnsian laws, pertaining to the schools lor elementfiryinstruc
tion, artd. teacher s .scrutnancsraione; excbisive of the triirh
lefiooISfgyinnasiaTtituversiuA iiind that there are no
Ipss tftan J. J J different ;. .edicts how m force, of which 22G have
- Ieen issued bv -Frederick- WilHam III,--'nie-;iriietter-i-
Jufy30th, 173o7 and ilie littcst, Jnlv, 1S.'M. '
ITL. 1 ' M . !. . . t ' i' . i i 'V
uujixia na mo nnmyer oi me uinerunt edicts, arc as
follows; - - .
. juer;u organization oi ine scnooi system, i-jicverr e
dicts (mm July, 1730, to Au. 1831.
II. Duty of parents to send their children to the cleinontnry
t-iiuuis. Aiiue cuici3, ironau. iim.i, w jau. ini, namely:
1. S Jven on the general duties of parents: ru id
2.' Two havin? particular reference to the manufacturinfr
Aitttr'wta "
OlT"WiatM andfeb
pious dutv in scttoots) - s ' .. ,
t -i jvh.v-j. i.'-M.i,wxinT Ouiveifecitations in the liibie.
rWv cnK Knfnri nprtinent remarks as n
ly occur in connection with the recitation. '
Mr. Kim ze. In Prussia the scholars are all laught Lu
ther's Smaller Catechism; they have a daily recitation in the
n;i.i tttwrirmirtrr nih ilio bistnrical Dortions; the schools are
altfavs onened' and closed with prayer, and the singing of
some religious hymns. The Bible and Psalm-Book are the
first tookS which are put into the harids of the child, and they
am liio nnc(ant mmnnninnl (limllll llie WllOie COUfSU Ul uio
nlirnllnii mitt nuninvl tn ha Mich thrOU?!) life.
teaclier should -have a reli
diffuse ifamonsfcs
liimils. The religious and moral instruction in the scl
of liaden is, similar to that In Prussia, as stated by Mr Kunze,
2. What is the lst mode of usiii" the Jhble in schools.'
Mrs IT. Take the whole Bible just as it is in our transla
tion: for the vourisrer children, select the easier historical por
tions, and jm throiiirh with it as the scholars advance.
A t: K. In Prussia we have tried all sorts of ways, by ex
tracts, by new translations, by commentaries, written express-
K- for schof.ls: hut after a those trials, there is now dui one
ouinion amoil all aeauainted with the subject, and that is.
thnt tl ie whole- Hii.le. in st as it stands in the translations in
common' use. should le 'a readin? and recitation book in al
the schools. In the Protestant schools, Luther's translation
is used, and in the Catholic schools, the translation approved
by that church. The children are required, not merely to re
peat the words of the traiislationbyrote,buttogiveagoodexhi-
bttion ofthe retil sentiment m their own language.
'-W"ft--Awveirila4o..MxKunzeJMQVft
3. Method of sroveminsr schools moral influence re
wards of merit emuiation corporal punishment?
Mr. W. I use all the purely moral influence 1 can; hut
t.M :i;,r- nf tA, fmt Coux nutJiaf e bn more criininalto have Seeretarf, ixd eierrftttier bftZ
"J. . - . j.-...-., . t P..;.(..i imntrinm rnnviciioiii to avoid neCKd with: the reTgnu -i - M
When, by jour soffragei, I waire-
collULOn rw'ith' frieori? rBeVievinjrai
subititutt the will f Coirpt'
'"i " . .l. I ik.i ih n ncii inn in i riiara m irpisnrv iikr... .
seven on Ufrg.ierabubjecU ofmstriic((pn'an(ttKir6r1puniannietr initlrf
UL Instruction and education in the schools.. Thirty-two
der.
. 3. Four on instruction in ftxrriCTilWrc and the arts.
4. Two on vacations and dismissions from scbord;
5. Twelve on the rea-ulatiori of scholars out of school hnnW
tV. Daty of districts to maintain schools -and teachers.
Nine edicts, from June, 1790, to Dec.. 1830,
. The ight-of appointing teachers. Seven edicts, from
Bept., isi, to Jan., Ib31.'
VI. Teachers of thesctiools. Sixty-five edicts, from -Nov.,
to uee., isjj, namely:
1. Ten on the calling and examination of teachers.
t. Eigjit on tho7ersonal rights and duties of teachers. ;
8. Five on the salaries of teachers.
4. Twelve an ieadiers cngagingin other employments.
J. Two on the dismissing and;perisioning of teachers.
6. Twelve on the deposing of teac tiers.
, 7. Four on providing for the families of deceased teachers.
VIIr Daties of magistrates in respect to Ihescheols. Twelve
edicts from Dec., 1810, to March, 1828.
VIII. School property. Thirty-seven edicts, from Jan., 1801 ;
to October, 1833, namely:
1. Fourteen on school funds and their management.
2. Twenty-one on school houses.
3. Two on settlement of amounts.
IX. -Regulations peculiar to schools in large cities. Four
edicts froitt Jwne; 1811, ; to Nov.f 187.
X Institutions for special purjwses. Thirty-four edicts,
from Sept., 1SU, to Jan 183-1. namely:
. 1. FouiJMiscIiooIaibr the d.at mutes.
2. One on orphan houses. .
3. Four on ecclesiastical instruction. .
4. Nine on private schools'. ,
5. One on infant schools. ,
6r Two on girls' schools. - .. -i.
Thirteen on schools for the Jews.
XL Education of Teachers. Twenty edicts, from Sept.,
1818, to Attev 1833, namely:
J, Seven on instruction in and out of the, seminary
. Five on Uio.porsonal rights and pUigatiousofthestuatnts.
a.. Dix on Mi? rmtrniiy aunes or trie stuatnits:
4. Two on associations of teacliers. - -
rewards for the meritorious are highly necessary; and asto the
principle of emulation, I appeal to it more and more the Ion
ger I teach. The evils of emulation, such as producing dis
eourairement or exciting envy in the less successful scholars,
I avoid bv equalizinir the classes as much as possible, so thai
all the scholars of each class, may, -as to their capabilities of
improvement, be -nearly on a level. 1 know no successtui
school for youiig sclwolars where corporeal punishment is dis
used. The teacher must retain it as a last resort
Mr. K. The Bible", prayers, and singing, are most es
sential helps, to the consistent teacher in governing his schol
ars; but premiums, emulation, and corporeal punishment, have
nittierfo been found indispensable auxiliaries in our schools
W!LuaYeprp.niinrn and m the orphan houso there
is a prize of fifty dollars -annually awardeT6ach76rtlie
most meritorious scholars, which is allowed to accumulate in
the savings' bank till the pupil comes of aire, when, it is given
to him to aid in establishing him in business. Each teacher
keepsa journal, divided under different heads, of all the de
linquencies of his scholars, and if any one lias six in a month,
he must suffer corporeal punishment The instrument of pun
islim ent is a cow skin; but no teacher is allowed to inflict
more than four blows at any one time, or for any offence.
This kind of punishment is not often needed. Of the three
hundred and eighty boys in the orphan house, not more than
1 serve as the last resort.
1 n e - a- ,i . d . - 1 j
i 101. . i uh Iiyi uouruvv ui rewnnu as a iiicaiis OI uis-
cipline: Emulation may be appealed to a. little; but much of
x I'll .. II ,1 1 ' . . 1 1
twentr-fifth Conerei;v ir political
horixon a tntircM with clouila
sum what porteiMooa, and the period
was prcultarlj intercitliiig ia ieiect to
ur national affairs, anl eent
fal in tlie hitory of our Republic.
By order of the Prtudtnt, Con
gresa atrableU in two week ajUr my
election, under circunistjritfura of a
most extraordinary and appalling char
acter. At a time of profound peace;
when properity attended the eflWls ol
our citizens; when wealth seemed the
portion of every individual, with a
Uowniinent exempt from debt with
four times as much apecie in the coun
try a wa in it five years before; at a
tim must unexnected: unuard of
eight hundred bank stopped paymeni
oiinultaneoiiflr. as bt enclianimeni;
denyinz to theT Government a. (billar d
her million!! of deposite which they
held, or UHhe people, who were in pna
arnNion of arie hundred and -twenty
million tf their notes. - Confidence
was destroyed a general disirubt per
vaded the "community; pecuniary dis
tresses oveohadowd the land; and
universal dismay filled the heart of our
people.
In consequence of the upennon of
specie payment iy ine uanK?, me
Secretary of the Treasury wa com
pelled, under the existing laws, to dis
continue them aa depositories, and re
fuse to receive their notea in payment
of duea to the Government.. The of
ficers of the Government were em
ployed as the fiscal agents of his de
partment, and the operations of Gov
ernment would have leen ' suspended
had not the public creditors consented
to receive their dues in drafts drawn
upon banks which paid them only in
irredeemable notes.
Under such a remarkable state of
things, the President, in the exercise
of his constitutional duty, recommend
ed a series of measures to Congress,
designed to-regulater b4aw the -nate
keeping, transfer, and disbursement
of the public money.' These measures
were geserally opposed by the Whig
members of both Houses, and failed in
the House of Representatives by
small majority, after having passed the
Senate. The subject was a most del
icate and intricate one, and was to me
a source ! ine most profound solici
tude.' Believing, at that , time, the
measure ayould(tend tocreate additional
itrstsud.ggrrat( ithojliltjesses
eminent and free institutions, to have
been recreant to duty would have
mounted to the deepeet rder of crim.
inahty. For my course upon this sub
ject, my motives" have been impugned,
and the finger raised to point me out
as a mark tur. the most vindictive a
bass and unrelenting proscription,
without adverting to the Striking lact
that this financial policy, recommend
ed by the administration, was, origin
ally, a Whig measure, and that it was
their party, and not ours, who hat
chanaed iheirviewa in relation to this-
subject. Had this measure been pro
posed by Mr. Clay instead of Mr. Van
Buren. I humbly conceive few W higs
in the aouihern States would hate
been found arrayed against it, at leat
wuliou danger of having been put un
der the ban, and denounced as traitora
to their parly.
la these unlucky and cruel time?, it
is the fault of all parties that they
think too little and feel too much.
Passion and prejudice decide questions,
and important ones tooi much more
frequently than reason. Nature is
prone to it- In relation to party I
have invariably foil wed one-rule: I
have oVyed it mandate so for as thry
were consistent with the' interests and
welfare of the country, and uo longer;
I scatter party to the winds when my
country is at-sfake. He who would
pursue an opposite cause, and be deter
red from doing his duty from the
momentary excitement of the people,
might pin the applause of party, but
he would carry with him a conscious
ness that he was degraded and unwor
thy. Rather than contribute to sacri
fice the interests of the people,' I am
prepared to fall a, victim to the mad
ness of party; and will glory in the
thought that my downfall has tended
to preserve my country.
In the position I have take in.re
gattLtalujeparA!jo!!beJween the
Government and the banks. I have
formed no new associations, entered
into no new alliances, and have a
bandoned no principle that I ever en
tertained. My views in reference r o
the general policy of the late Admin
istration are unchanged; but the period
fur the discussion of these . topics is
passed, and they now form a part of
the history of the nation. In the decis
ion of a grave and . momentous ques
tion. Former differences nf opinion.
could be regulated by law,;
any ining incunsiaieni id all
Was it not restraining, instead 4
tributing to, Presidential rmwnj
special deposi e system' could v.t
tain the" support of either party.-
State bank plan, recently w'-
expioueiit ciiuiu ui, aan iDde
votes in the lloase of Reprem,;,
And is it so monstrous to
principle, that the United Stated
righto use ine money, umii
constitution, in the recrtpts n,
bursements of tlie Federal fm,
also to receive their twn nionejr.H,
their own money and to piy lw J
own money r j 111s is Hie lirsl
i . ..r . 1. . .. .
iiuiii 01 ine kiln 1 reasury; si
more.
Can we not put as much mm.
in our own o Hi cert. a-poiutvd bj
accouiiiaoie 10 ttie Uovernrp-iut
to the regulations and ri5 ;i
may lie prescnueu oy lapTs i
111 1 ne onicerf 01 mere tHJsmjj
over whom we have no coiitrolfy
Wh n the present plan uf rmt
and disbursing the public nionej
uopteu, tlie pet nanM" wer
e as iiie inosi e xeriHDie iiisirt
ofdspotisni ever eonceiveff.iiiit
ing the Executive patronage, riihi
ormoosly; as placing both the ptnu
sieord in the hands ol the rioHltn
subjecting every thing to the hniiil,
one man INow we hnd soineof
whose formerly held these aentud
'owards die league of banks,"
they have failed to realise the
and expectation 01 Hie party ii
er. rendy to continue tl.eiii, ihl
pi rating the adoption of an Iixlq
ent 1 ieasuiy, aa dangerously inrrH
ing the power , (if the Kxt'cu'.rte,
toy mind, the power and patruniH
tlie President would be risentul
miuished by-" theJpropselrlnieii
cy. it is a strange anomaly mm
(orj ou iree uovernmeiu, ro see
r.xeruuve 01 mat Dovernment nut
ing, voluntarily, to relinquish pi
It ia bv a wraeverincr. steadv. determined " series of (pfToris.
narriod through along course of yean,'tjiat the Prussian gov
ernmeui nas aiuunea 10 a scnooi system Cl mcn excellence and
perfection. When Frederick William Hi. ascended tho throne
In 1797, tbafrussian system, was no bcttex. than U10 Scotch
systesn, or the New England system, if it were not indeed al
together inferior to these; and it is only by forty years of hard
work, forty years ot intense labor directed to this very point,
that this noble system has been conrnleted, -which is now at-
-tractinir the admiration and nrovokins- the emulous seal of the
-whole civilized world. Nor do tlie Prussians yet -consider
their system as perfect, but are still laboring as zealously for
improvement at they were thirty years go. ? Ltt not the govi
ernment of Ohio, then, be discou raged, because the very slight
degree of Jtentioa which thev have for a riiort ti
this subject, hasttot set them at once on the pinnacle- of perfection.--1
how the 1eas.forA
fceif century; to conic, to mske tLi onrf (' ir chief obiects of
attaauoa. ' ;.
-aui Uanultoa county. . I obtained the amsvwinHngmy
UEurooe. from MrWood of thfl Sessional Schnnl in
inbur Scodand, Ber, Mr. Kunzeof the Frederick Orphan
' House, ia Berlin, Prussia, and Professor Schwartz of the U
, niversity of Heidelberg, in Baden. As I received the answers
- orally s in diflerim
4hrji with . , verbal accuracy; but t have endoavored in every
In.ttanee to mil:? a. fii!hfui rpre'entrtinn of the Tthwit.
it is not good, it is so liable to call forth bitter and unholy
ieelin?. 1 lie skuiul teacner, who gams tlie commence and
affection of his scholars, can govern without emulation or re
wards, and with very little of corporeal punishment, In a
school in Heidelburg, of 150 children under ten years of age,
not two in a year suffer this kind of punishment In Ba
den the teacher is not nllowed to strike a scholar without ob-t.-iining
permission of the school inspector, and in this way all
hasty and vindictive punishments are prevented. The daily
singing of religious hyms is one of the most efficient means
of bringing a school under a perfect discipline by moral influ
ence. ' .
4. What is generally the best method of teaching?
Vr. W. As much as possible b conversation; as little
as may lie by mere book recitation. The pupil must al ways
learn lrovn the book.
.Mr. K. Lively conversation. Tery few teachers in
Prussia ever use a book in recitation. The pupils study from
books, and recite without them. ,
Prof. S. The living word in preference to the dead letter.
. 5. Employment of female teachers? .
Mr. f IF. For youg children they do well; and if good fe
male teaehe can W obtained, they might perhaps carry fe
male educ&feoh through without the help of male teachers.
Mr. JC, Female teachers have not been much employed
in Prussia, hey are not generally successful. In a few in
stances thev have done well. ;
Prof. S". Man is the divinely appointed teacher; but for
small children, female teachers do well; and in respect to all
that pertains to the heart and tho fingers they are even better
than male tyaehers. It is not good that lcmales should be
educated entirely by teachers of their owu sex; the female can
not be educated completely without the countenance of man
to work upon tho heart.
.... 6. Is there any difference -in the course of instruction for
male and female, sciioois?
"tyr. " ' A'. - None in the primary scliools;' but in the hi&rher
scliools the. cpuree of instruction . for males is more rigidly, scu
enfific trIan1bTfcmates7Hndsom
propnate to the one class ot schools winch do not at all come
into the other, and rice versa.
7. Public endowments for ' female, schools of a higher or
der . .....
Mr. IF. There nre no such endowments in Scotland.""
Mr. K. There an? very few in Prussia; only one in Ber
lin, but that a very good one. Female schools of a high order
are mostly sustained by individual effort, Hinder the supervi
sion of the magistrates, but : without aid frJm the Govern
ment. . - ;
Prof. S. We have none in Baden, nor are they needed
for the female. The house is her school; and such are her
susceptibilities, and her quickness of apprehension, that she
is fitted by Providence to learn from real life; and she often
learns thus, more succiissfully than boys can be tanght in the
school. . . ....... .L:...1;,'..'...'. .1 '.'"J 77T.
8. Number of studies to be pursued simultaneously, In the
different stages of instruction?
Mr. IF. I begin with reading and writing (on slates)
together; and as tlie scholars advance, increase the number
of brandies. .. . . .
Mr. K. We begin altogether, readinjr, writing, arithme-
Prof.. (SVThe younger the fewer, the olderthe more.
9. Infant schools? ' "7
Mr. IV. For children who are neglected .by their ra
rents, for pocr orphans, and such like, they are excellent; tut
parents who are able to take care of their own children.oujht
to dnitvdratjs
" 7b 6e continued.
party who recommended it, I voted
against it. At the same pension meas
ures were introduced and passed grant
ing lurther time to importing mer
chants to pay the dutie thev owed
to the Government,- and entending
indulgence to" the banks to pay up their
deposiles by instalments, so as to re
lieve them from distressing their debt
ors by rapid collections, involving the
sacrifice of individual property; also
a Dill authorizing ine issue ol fen
millions of Treasury notea, as a tem
porary expedient to relieve the. Gov
ernment of its financial difficulties.
After these measures had received the
action of Congress, that body ad
journed, leaving the fiscal relations
of the Government in the deepest em
barrassment, without any law to con
trol or regulate the Treasury Depart
ment, or to provide tor the sale-keeping
of the public money.
At the legutar session the President
again recommended tlie same measure
to the consideration of Congress, and
the Committee of Ways and Means,
who were charged'wilh the subject, re
ported a bill .' to provide for the rol
lection, sale keening, transfer, and
iUhmeineat.jiI.Jli..wbUsiveuue.2i'r:.
The provisions of the bill were few and
simple. 1st, it proposed to separate
the Government from all bank agency
in the collection and disbursement of
its revenues; 2d, to collect, gradually,
through a period of seven yeara, thone
revenues in the constitutional currency
of the country.- Kml in accomplish
ment of this design, it proposed to cre
ate four principal- receivers, and nine
additional clerks, with moderate sal
aries; securing Uiefaithfut discharge
of their duties by adequate bunds and
securities, and Severe pains and pen
allies for sny dereliction in office.
The measure created but little pat
ronage, and gave to the President- no
adUitinnal control, over tne existing
officers; it merely imposed additional
duties upon them, requiring them not
only to receive, but to keep safely, the
public money, without use or loan till
the period of " disburseme nt. - These
sre the pricipal features of that much
abused, sod but little understood meas
ure, commonly called', the Sub-Treasury
which serins to have excited so
much alarm in certain quarters.
. I confess there was a time when,
antler the dominion of that potent fiend
partr spirit. I may have expressed
doubts as to its policy, and may have
denounced it m no measured terms of
vehemence sod bitterness. Bat there
was not, in the incantations 'of party
a charm sufficiently powerful to for-
tifr jny anderstanding against .. the
tioth, sihi l Koala swt-muae.
conviction, when. Jt hadbeeir
in spite of all resistance, upon my
mind. I then, exercising the high
prerogative of an independent Repre
sentative, supported a measure which
threw m in ihe ranksof thos to whom
I had formerly stood opposed. Wts
it S crime that I did to? or would it
distrust. Which party controversies
never fail to engender, should be si
lenred amidst the voire of patriotism.
While" canvassing"- before you two
years since, when the banking institu
tions of the country were compelled to
acknowledge themselves bankrupt, and
to suspend the just dumamls of thfir
creditors, I distinctly took the ground,
that I was no bank man, nor never had
been; but had invariably opposed the
policy as fraught with the usost treuien-
lous evil consequences. But in the
then extremity ol the dfstiecs of the
country, I am Irank to admit I advo
cated a national bank, upon the avowed
ground, that though 8Ut haniiistitutit.it
was
no especial favorite f mine, I
thought I raw no other way to aid in
the operations of Government, and
to relieve the people from a flood ol
irredeemable pap r. which inundated
the land; and if a proper charter should
be presented, with -suitable checks and
guards, I would imitate the example
hich was set by Mr. Madison, in
1 81 6, and give "it my support. No
such charter was presented by either
party. Whtever my convictions and
prepossessions may have been titum
this aubject, I.. soon , discovered t hat
audi a measure was utterly iiniuac-
t it-able. The-President of the United
States reiterated his "uncompromising
hostility" towards it, and the fiit a M
utter the organizationjofjhetno House,
was a resolution declaring such an in
stitution inexpedient.
I ndeed, a national bank capable of
regulating the State banks would have
required an actual capital of at least
eighty millions of dollars, consisting
sol el y 't the precinuit met a If. : V here ,
at that period could this enormous a-
mounfbf gbTJanirsiTver, or
blty-tour nt
any con
siderable portion of it, have been ob
tained? The passage of a national
bank charter would Lad overtitrown
entirely the bunks of lie States, and
rendered atiU more hi tense the ex
isting distres. Had such a bank U'en
put in operation, by -denj ivins the lo
cal banks of the means ol" .obtaining
the gold and trtVver neceary for the
resumption of specie payments. 4iiot
of them, and large .masses of he pen-
pie, would have been involved in mie
common bankruptcy. Neither party,
as before observed., considered it pru
dent to propose such a measure. Had
tliey -duneAo witk.tlie lights . then ha
fore me, 1 was not prepared to create
power of audi ten iae magnitude) a
power wholly irresponsible to the peo
ple, and greater than the Goyeroment
italf. .
W hat othr alternstise wis left me
but. the ...nnsL. w hick, was ... chosenl ,1J
MM. ... a asm
lurcefl, lexMtence, in cousequence orthe Siis- fB ,VV
pension of specie" ayBjrnts by the'
basks ia May, tasr. ft was then
merely proposed to regulate the Tress,
sry by certain laws applicable to its
actual condition. Jealous ("f Exe co
tive power a"nir;lis"cretioli7 1 was de
sirous to prescribe the duties -uf the
age, ann uio wiin nr in no iif
tiop. stiivinj to retain it in his po,
mh .;
The banking biff rest of the tm
already ' great and powerful. On
first (d Janasry, 1838, it em'uii
eight hundred and twenty-three to
with a r apitat of three hundrrd
ions. - Since that period, in the
airsr Ttste Tieerf fci
Ushi d, with a . capital subscribed
twelve and a half millions, and i
power to increase it to ' foor iSBi!
l anil ttghty-Mtten lnilllnn rx knW i
M4 eighty Ibmik-sntl dollars, rack M wM
ling u tbM ire worthy Ilia dtttyw aii44
Uoa nf tvery reflecling cilizeu. If tn
Judgt nf the future by ill 't. lb iMtli
iifirou coneqoenee arc to be apprrlmU
T l enibaratsmetita of lha eixniliy 4
tt ta in.irilinme expinnorn of ths currefln,4
Ct i sccomcNliitiiins, begeilms; eilrirf
luiaiy, and reckleu uerullion; aiat llfl
uililm roiitructions, with drw. of iIuiwfi
mo'u loin, reduction of die ainouiir of ci
lation, and ilia, almixt in s moment, rlti
ha tIu of properly oue-lhiril. minriintn
h-1 If. 'I'ht ineiilile temlcney ol tii Govt!
tneot ilevoaMta M lo nurture ami lurrrtaj
IHapeniHy of ibe Uiiki lo excenieiiHia
cramndulions.
Bni,U, the union of bank and Putt
ealculfttrd la prmlura a powerful alliaiier
in ren tlie kankiiie anil lariff poicin, ami tl
by greaily enbaore Ibe laic f llie froftf
lung aa the binka tie continued aeiieptffii'
ol Hie public mnorv, n ia ihV'.T inteim. tu
rrraae die revenue in llie way of lae,
itina augment lln ir tlrpiMiiieil and Jivideoi
Uy mrrriMnji the la i ill'. vu iiirrrae th
ruuc nf. Ilia cutuitry. and dierrli aild Vb
ing profit. An alliance .between Iheat
Hi. jl puwer ia Rreally lo be drrailed, aal
aniicullural inierraU of die euunlrT aliiwU
prrparrd to waUi every inch of ifa progtta
KHik mrwarii with mteir inilwy-r.r-tto
bailie which ia lo be foujiht in 1848, br
Irivuda and opponmla of free trade. -ef
nol conrnt, by any ai l of mine, far rontrl
in the renioiest degreu to brine Oy (fan
nua banking ir.tereM in sid ol TVa ail
w Ih, the lanfl poliiy. It M the duly of
ernment to connect iilf as little M fx
with the great itilereati of ilia eounlry, aw
buaineai cone rna of the . people.. Prolan
Irerduin, and aeeurily in tbrir purauita,
Ibe puvernineut car. uQurd, aud ait a VriM 4
pie vi lli Ueai re
l!heejra aome of lha. waajfjiil whlcbjl
enceJ me to vote lor final aeparaUon bM
the Guvernment i..l .l l.fnlja, Tbal
course abould )e Iwen a cause at- iimlA
lion Ui a reapep table portion of. my ten1
enta, is a source of unfeigned regret te a
a republic, a difti renre of npinioii is le r
prclrd; and as it eacitee inqpirT and ditej
a1 iend wj mnmi diawmi'muion t .f
iiiloruiaiion, ia iuil alwat a to be eoasiewf I
an atil. I rejuipe. Iberetore, lnt lb afW-J
uf lb public ie generally awakeoed Is I
mnuniiuile of this sul j-et, and, iH ia J
eeivvd in lb sigua of the lime, liink I f'
certainty of our deliteranee from an roetai
is eternillv brrvln m the Vila's ef K
trv and bonesiv llinftilubbttt VUf land.
I Uke tli'ia oppoHonily of tendering l!t
fellow-cituens.. my be( wUhei f- jea:l
vidtial bippinean, and the prosper'
Common country. .. ,
. 8. t. Swn
r.DKtrtt9, Marrh IS, 1839.
ijtovtmor Duditv nassed tHi"!
Washington, on the CJth rnstatA
his wsyto insoect the diw f
by those who are.employed in JrlD1
ine swamp Landa belonging
State in the lower part of Deaalort'
State-, avlielhrr nf a nohfic' OrT"
nature, rerri vva f ha atlcntion Sfl"
: r . .- I -trki1
iionwi our frnereiicK i - r"
Governor. ' - J tiewjF-
.il.r will wa it i verv di
frt find a so ffietent quantity-
space.out a column.
' - - - " " - M
-r il i ' iiuiii i.i inW'iil iai mini nfi giiiumi i mii-TI if -" " . 1
1 ' ' ----' fl
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