Newspapers / Journal of Freedom (Raleigh, … / Oct. 28, 1865, edition 1 / Page 1
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i t i '..J "fX PT . ' ' n JOffMAL OF FUEEDUH: .... ' f t.ISHSD F.VEKT 8ATLKPAT, AT KALElGIt, E 3D. . 3P. - BB O O K S, . editor and Proprietor. DeToted to the interest of he FBEEDMK5 OF THE 3UTH nd tiie -establishment and maintenance of JUAL RIGHTS F-OR ALL MEN, legardlesg of class r color. The State Feeling at the South. , That the .people of the United States may decide wisely whether the exclusive control of thelate rebel States may he immediately and safely surrendered to the late rebel population of those States it is essential to know the prevailing sen timent' of that population. This cannot be too constantly and widely spread be fore the country. Let us look at it a lit tle. ' , 1 , In-Mississippi, an unpardoned re Del, General Humphreys, has just been elect ed Governor by the "Union" voters, and Governor Sharkey loses his popularity and his chance of election to the Senate, because he favors giving the colored pop ulation the rjght to testify, and local can didates for the Legislature have been de feated upon the same ground. Of-the general feeling in the State of Missisiip pi, General Slocum's order of August 24, very fully informs us. On that date he thought it extremely dangerous to the public peace to allow the arming of the lately rebels citizens as militia. They are, however, arming, and they refuse to organize under the United States flag. Meanwhile the state of things described by Gen. Slocum continues. The colored people are daily murdered and Union men maltreated, and nobody is punished or arrested. In Louisiana the Democratic Conven tion resolves that the Government was made exclusively for white men, that rebels ought to be paid for their emanci pated slaves, and that there should be a general amnesty and repeal of confisca tion laws. It "is not surprising, there fore", as we are told by a gentleman from Louisiana, who is neither "a radical" nor "a Jacobin," that the continuance of the national hold upon that State is absolutely essential to the public peate and personal safety of Union men. His statement is confirmed by the letter of a prominent citizen of New Orleans to a Western paper, that fno Union man, that is to ay, no man approving the war for the salvation of the country, is safe in this State." - . From Georgia our private information is of the' same kind. "Withdraw your troops' said in our office within a few days the editor of a Union paper in that State, a man faithful through the war, "and we white Union men will swing within the next, hour." Another Geor . gian informs us' that he has been twice shot at for his known Unionism. In Alabama, the reorganizing Conven tion refuses to submit the new Constitu tion for the approval of the people; and from a total population of 964,000 ex cludes 430,000 from any computation in the basis of representation. In South Carolina, the ordinance of se cession is simply repealed, leaving it law ful to renew it when the "State chooses, and out of a total population of 730,000 there are 412,000 excluded from compu tation in the basis of representation. From Alabama, a correspondent in Mobile, a native and life-long resident of the city, writes us : "I know well who the few loyal men were here during the war, and how bit terly and relentlessly they were persecu ted by the citizens and military espe cially by the Provost Marshals, Major W. H. Ketchum and H. G- Humphreys. The secessionists now cry, 'Let -us bury the past!' They send on delegates to Washington, and are received with favor ; the leading men are coming back daily with their pardons get very indignant with the military request the President to order it from the country, and let the people govern themselves, and are pre paring to commence, their reign of terror once more, rne reports aoout loyalty here are all humbug ; I Kave only heard of two really loyal meetings in the State one at Decatur, Alabama, on the 3d June, and one at this city on 6th June, The various offices here, even under-the General Government, are full of bitter rebels, and they openly boast of their Confederate proclivities. If yom attempt to sing any of the national airs you are shunned. "Cery few of the steamboats will carry the flag ; the ladies will net - walk under the head-quarters, flag, but leave the. sidewalk and walk in the street. In the street cars loyal men are openly denounced, which makes it very unplea sant for their families. In fact, the cri terion the Mobilians use in judging any one is What did he do in the" Confede rate cause ? and those who did most are the npst thoiight of. The newspapers boldlv say that those who did not go 'heart and soul' into the war should npt be trusted in office now. This accounts for such men as C. O. Langdon being elected to the State Convention. Mr. L. made a celebrated 'Black Flag speech in this city a few days before Spanish Fort was taken. 'Tho papers here- refuse to publish any article snowing up the dis graceful conduct of the rebel leaders here during the past four years. When the Daily News started here it contained loy al articles, but the editor soon saw that such a course would never do fbj. a Mo bile paper y and has lately been publish- : such art? 1 as - .Tl k. 1 If n.inr-0-fm firfl.1 K. ! Garrard threatened -to suppress lis pa- tmm V iS - . 4 4 A FT- 1 Equal RigMs Before ihe Law for all Men---Social Conditions will Begnlate ' Themselv ' nT-t 0m, ,OJ,-1N ADVANCE. Tar ......... B 4 OO 2 60 VOL. I. RALEIGH, Jf. C, SATURDAY, OCT 28, 1865. NO. 5. per. uniortunateiy, lieneral liarrara was ordered.away irom this post, and the ! : . - - ' . autnoriiies now seem xo encourage ratner than rebuke such sentiments. Xou have no idea of. the tyranny that has existed here. Jitvery male irom seventeen to fifty years old was permanently enrolled in the army, and on the slightest emer- gency everyooay wno eoiua carry arms was torced into -the trenches or to-sruard duty in the city.' - It is unto such hands, that General Slocum and the Democratic party are 4 anxious that the government of the United States should, within thirty days, resign the authority it now holds in the late rebel States. It seems to us that General Slocum and his mew recruits have very little respect for the"common sense of the American people. Harperls Weekly. . . Bounty, to Colored Soldiers Important He cislon of the Attorney-General Who are Entitled to Bounty A Vexed Question Set . at Rest. Washington, Wednesday, : Oct. 18, 1865. J. M. Broadhead, Second Controller of the Treasury, has addressed to the Paymaster-General a communication embrac ing a very important decision of the Attorney-General, disposing of the mat ter of bounties to colored soldiers, which involves the disposition of an immense' amount ot money. The following is' the, communication : "Sir : This office, on the 20th ultimo, submitted to the Secretary of the Treasu ry the views entertained here upon cer tain questions relating to the bounties to which colored soldiers heretofore em ployed in the, service of the United States were entitled by law, and requested that the opinion of the Attorney-General might be obtained thereon. The Attorney-General, in a very able and elabo rate opinion, concurs with this office, sub stantially affirming that colored soldiers, entering the military service, were ua all cases to he treated as freemen at the date of tlir acceptance into the service, and that thera was upon the statute books no law either forbidding their employment in the army, or, with the exception of the brief period of 19 days, intervening between the passage of the act of June 15 and that of July 4, 1864, creating, on account of color, any distinction in the pay, allowances or bounty to which sol diers were 'entitled.. From the most trustworthy information , it is beKeved that few if any colored volunteers en listed during the interval of 19 days above alluded tox and the anomalous le gislation of section act of June 15, 1864, will, therefore, deprive few if any Soldiers of bounty. The Attorney-General sums up his argument in the follow ing cnnclusrons,:- 1. That persons of color who may have acquired their rreedom by the provisions of the act of July 17, 1862, and who were mustered into the military service prior to the 15th of June, 1864, are en titled to receive the bounty allowed bj law for volunteers. . 2. That persons of color whomayhavt escaped from Slavery after the passage of the act of July 17, 1862, and who may have been mustered into the military ser vice before the J 5th of June, 1864, and who were unclaimed by loyal ownere at the time of their enlistment, are entitled to receive the bounty payable by law to volunteers. 3. That all persons of color emancipated by the President's proclamation of Janu ary 1, 1863, who, after the date of that proclamation, and before the 15th of June, 1864, enlisted and were mustered into the service as volunteers, are entitled to like bounty, 4. That all persons of color mustered into the service, after 15th June, 1864, ar entitled to receive respectively, such sums in bounty as the President may have ordered in the different States, not exceeding $100. 5. Inst all volunteers received into the service after July 4, 1864, are entitled to receive the same bounty for term of enlist ment without regard to color. It will be perceived that m these nve points, which were in reply to specific questions from this office, the rignts of colored soldiers who may not have been free on the 19th of April, 1861, and yet volunteered between that date and the passage of the act of July 17, 1862, are not embraced. The Attorney-General, however, says elsewhere in his opinion, in treating of the second section, act of June 15, 1864, which had been thought by some to have deprived colored soldiers of boun ty, that " the letter of that -provision does not affect the rights vested under the laws in iorce at me wme oi tueir enlistments, which, as has been seen, cave the same bounty to colored troops rightfully received into the service, as .was accorded to white troops and furthermore still, his opinion states unhesitatingly that enlistment in the - Union army makes the slave quo-instanti a freeman forever, entitling him to be placed on a footing with white volunteers. You are therefore respectfully requested to direct payments of bounties hereafter in conformity with the foregoing decision- allowing to colored soldiers wherever, and except from 15th June to 4th July, 1864, whenever enlisted during the rebellion, the bounty provided for volunteers by laws existing at the the time of such enlistment. - J. M. Bboapheat, Controller Paymaster General. . General fcloctrp at Vickibjirg and Syracuse. - On tho 24th of ; August of this year. General Slocum issued an elaborate or- der in the State of Mississippi, of which he was military commander. Governor Sharkey had invited the young men of the State to form, militia companies, and the order of General Slocum counter manded it. In his speech the General says that he merely beyed a command f the War Department; But he for gets that the very terms of his elaborakte order that show that it was not a "mere" obedience to superior- commands ; it was an elaborate and hearty and conclusive statement of reasons why such a course was unwise and perilous. General Slocum says that those whom Governor Sharkey invited to arms are "that class of men who have as yet scarcely laid down the arms with which they have, been opposing our Govern ment. He adds: "To permit the young men who have so distinguished themselves to be armed and organized independently of United States military officers on duty here, and to allow them to operate in counties now garrisoned by colored troops, filled, as many ot these men are, not only with prejudice against those troops, and against the execution uf orders relative to freedmen, but even against our gov ernment itself, would, bring about a col lision at once, and increase, in a tenfold degree the difficulties that now beset the people." That there may be no misapprehension as to the exact condition of affairs in the State, of which, as military commander, he was thoroughly informed, Gen. Slo cum continues : TV "It is a remarkable fact that most of the outrages have been committed against Northern men, government couriers, and colored people. r Southern citizens have been halted by these outlaws, but at once released and informed that they have been stopped by mistake ; and these citi zens have retased to give mtormation as to the parties by whom they were halted, although frankly acknowledging that they knew them." The General then says that Governor Sharkey agrees that "the people are un willing to give information, to the United States military authorities which will lead to the detection of these outlaws, let the Governor wished to arm those very people, General Slocum thereupon says : "A better plan will be to disarm all such citizens, and. make it for their interest to aid those who have beep sent here to re store order and preserve peace." Here is a vivid and warning picture of the condition of affairs in the State ot Mis sissippi, both as regards the spirit f the population and their treatment of the colored men who were the only consider able body of Unionists in the btate. f. Ho correspondent has made, or could make, so strong an argument for the necessity of the maintenance of the United States armed authority in that department. Has that condition changed suddenly within six weeks ? Because the Conven tion has met, does anybody imagine that the population are better affected toward the National Government ? Yet on the 2d of October General Slocum. having in the meantime resigned his commission as an officer of the United States and be come Horatio Seymour's candidate for Secretary of State in Ifew York, says in Syracuse: - 1 "I most heartily approve the removal of troops from that Staje of Mississippi; and I most earnestly hope that within thirty days every soldier now on duty there will, be mustered out ot service, and that all attempts to interfere with her local affairs will cease. How that the State has adopted a Constitution which does not recognize slavery, I would confide to her the settlement of all ques tions likely to arise as to the means ot supporting and controlling tne ireea- men. . ' . U .V Why is General Slocum ready on the 2d f October to d what on the 24th ot August he solemnly said "would bring about a collision at once, and increase in a tenfold degree the difficulties that now beset the people ?' ' W ny is ne wuung to wink at outrages "against xortueju men, Government couriers, and colored The reason is piain ana paimux. A because General Slocum is now the can didate of John A, Green, of the New York Daily News, of every haughty un- rflnfintflnt rebel in the unorganized btates nf these Tjeonle whom he denounced as "outlaws" and "villaihs -On the 24th of August. V These are the men who built and sup ported the Chicago platform' last year. They cried out for surrender to this re bellious spiriOheh. They, demand the same surrender now. Bo :the people of New York trust this spirit and. these men any more this year than thr last ? Does i AAnn., 1 0 1 . . v vw,m w ucuerai oiocum . mat ne in vites a doubt whether his patriotism is not mastered by his political ambition, wnen ne deserts the Union men who shared his fidelity during the war and joins a party wmcn seeKs to put the late rebel JHates entirely into the hands of those whom he would not permit to be armed because he did not belieye them to be truly loyal ?. Intelligence the Basis or Suffrage Mr. Jno. Ill Reagan's letter. We haye heretofore announced . that Mr. Reagan, -late Postmaster General of the Confederacy, had proclaimed himself in favor 4of impartial suffrage. We now give tne more important portions of his address to the people of Texas: He pro poses as. iojiqws: "First, extending the privileges and protection of the laws over the nesrroes as they are over the whites, and allowing them to testify ,in the courts on the same conditions, leaving their testimony sub ject to the rules relating to its credibili- iy uumoi oujecung to its aamissiDinty. Ad in this you will conform with the wise current ot modern legislation, and the tendency of judicial decisions i n all enlightened countries. And, second, by fixing an intellec tual and moral, and, if thought necessa ry, a property test for the admission of all persons to the exercise of the elective iranchise, without reterence to race or color, which would secure its intelligent exercise. "My own view would be : "First. That no person now entitled to the privilege of voting should be de prived of it because of any new test. I would recognize in this the difference be tween taking away a right not hereto fore exercised, and the conferring of a right not heretofore exercised. ' "Second. That to authorize the admis sion of persons hereafter to the exercise of the elective franchise, they should be tirstj third, citizens of the United States ; fourth, should have resided in the State one year, and in the district, county, or precinct six months next preceding any election, at which they propose to vote ; fifth, should be able to .read in the En glish language understandingly ; sixth, and must have paid taxes for the last year preceding for which such taxes were due and payable, subject to any disquali fication for crime, of which the person which quisite to confer on them their rn Die and necessary rights ; and to adopt a policy which will prevent th.m fT 'K' .Tolical Agitation" nZl mt J,ury pastj aniniosiues Kuuau.oi our ieuow-citizens with whom wo hoiri t , . 1111 wwi ; " ttU ;Tar ana cultivate TP parity ttUVt goou wiii. And it will be 6 V' rV advantage, in many wavs hich I cannot trespass on you 'to men tion now, to hold out inducements to them and to emigrants from other coun- w . come and settle among you, with their Ifthnr nnrl eV;il 1 ' . ; -"v auu uiijutai, to as sist ia the diffusion of emolovmpnt i,a increase of your population, and the de- veiopementot your vast resources new creations of wealth and power.' into may have been duly convicted, may be prescribed by law. Coming down to purely internal State affairs, Mr. Eeagan recommends a revis ion of that system of frequent elections which, he thinks, has been carried to a vicious extreme, thereby producing great evils. His reasons for. these opinions it is not necessary to recapitulate, since they have been often urged by others, and indeed suggest themselves naturally to any inquiring mind. The practical recommendations in this regard made by Mr. Eeagan , are as follows : "First. To lengthen all terms of office which are how two, to four years. Second. To require all general elec tions, as far as practicable,, to take place during the same year; and at the same time. - And, third, to provide : 1. That the State Treasurer, Comptroller, Attorney (jreneral, ana uommissioner oi ine u-ene- ral Land Ojnce, shall be appointed by the nomination of the Governor, and confirmation of the Serrate, as the Secre tary of the State now is. 2. That the Clerks of the District Courts should be appointed by the several Judges, as the Clerk of the Supreme uoun is oy xne Judges of that Court. 3. That the Coun ty Courts should appoint their Clerks, andthe .SheriffsrCoroners, Assessors and Collectors of Taxes, County Treasurers, County Surveyors,, and , the Constables 'Urt pntTora I nroMnnts nt their ftniin- r ties. 4. That the Mayor and their Al dermen or Cogncilmen of all cities and towns should appoint ' their Clerks, Mar shals, Treasurers, and other officers. The following are . among the closing paragraphs of the address : With these two lines of policy adopted, I think, notwithstanding all your recent misfortunes, you might look with hepe and confidence to the future. The ne groes will, it is hoped, gradually diffase themselves among the pTeatly preponde rating numbers of whites in the, differ ent States and Territories. Many of them will probably go to Mexico, and other countries, in search of social equality; and. a few or none of their race will be added to their numbers' by accessions from - other 'countries'; while the steady A Freedinan to bis isremrgit . We find the following in the Savannah Republican : . . . To Vie Editor of. the Savannah Republican : Sir: I read with much interest and satisfaction your timely advice to the freedmen, as well as the excellent speech of Gov. Marvin, of Florida, to the col ored people of that State, and I have-no doubt, sir, if they will follow the admo nitions contained therein, they will ac complish something that will redound to tneir credit, and be a blessing to their osterity also to silence the calumny of their enemies. The cities are certainly nob the places for the freedmen who have been in the habit of Working, on farms. But the question arises, are the freedmen always inclined to ceme to the cities from a dis like to work, pr are they not often driven away from their homes to seek one some where' else, and that, too, when the crops they have raised are just ready to be har vested? The latter seems to be the case in parts of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, "Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana. Nor do I believe that the late slaveholders of Georgia are anv better disposed toward the.freednym than tnose otates mentioned above. If, then, these are the facts, as acc&unts from all parts of the Southern country testify, it does seem to me that the local press should use strenuous efforts to con vince the late slaveholders that they are partly the cause of the state of affairs that exist. Not only are the above a great source of the evils, but many lead their late slaves to believe that they are still under bonds, and that as soon as civil governmant is established they will be returned to slavery. Is it not to be wondered, then, that the state of affairs exist that you speak of ? And not only so, but there are hundreds of persons, yea thousands, both in city and country, who hire these people for months and cheat them out of .their wages. Now, sir, it does appear, after all, that the late slaveholders have the remedy in their own hands, and if they will only use it judiciously, nothing will prevent "all- going on es merrily as a marriage bell." Let them take the example set before them by Gov. Marvin, of Florida, and tell the people they are free forever to work for- themselves, make contracts with them and keep them, or'give them advantages upon the lands, and soon there will be a different state of 'things, and no necessity for emigrant associa tions to import from Northern cities a population that may give more trouble in various ways than the freedmen. .But if, on the other hand, Ihey will persevere in persecuting the ' colored peo ple generally, God, who has scourged America with war for her injustice to the black man, will also scourge the South with famine. " ' I remain -yours, truly, " - One of the Sons of Ham. Savannah, Oct. 6, 1865. ' t" """Till ....... I oo '0' 15 OO t & GO A fair , . - 44 CO r;; B r.4 for t,l bB!fne" C -tioa. tbcnli he tei,ni .iL - . 5 V10 American bal?of.hAJ pardoned ro hVJ ?. " . Daiot-box to with treason ,1 are ""ned Mood of ou 'hrL T anrPl With th ' ho poor colored Z ,an1 dcn to " alleiiance to ?tT" Wh hf3 Proren h lierSc deeds tilT &VQ an round the flilh P U? has armandaco neat in the l)m,r.r-. "ea" ,0, Govcra- 1 need Ld lrC,Jit and ' disfranch sed and . i ? 13 t0D. sneli b'arbou 1 lo'4 H"10!' ' innate mnnij .. iC'iaaou as his rebel Senator Yates on Ifcgro Suffrage. As a Senator of the United States, cer tainly I could consider no State Govern-, inent republican in form which was at variance with the fundamental principles of our republican institutions ; which de: nied the equality of all men before the law; which set aside the principle-that, government 'justly exist by the cogent ot the governed, and that taxation a,nd repre sentation must go together. If I am wrong, theGovernment'is wrong. - And I am hero to say that I could approre of no- btate government whose constitution or bill oi nghts does not deny, in express worda this right of a-State. to-secede trom the Union, nd which does not provide that slavery shall be forever abolished and po- a root, scca, or j -: - . v, nil as nd master wnniJ a. -f4, ,4.W1 UiL.,U3 reoel cries of " V-r l"- hc and cian? ti,,, ti IjQt n, politi- mcnt; and ,t 'Sfefe Go- question waa settled, WaUi0 hZ '' 0 ' is the highest position o?rno;J S-aa was good enough to light in tho ranks sia by sido with our bravo In m i. good enough to 50 to the polls and kill off the vote ot a rebel or a copperhead. (Loud cheers.) If .they are citizens in war, why . not citizens in peace ? They veto in man y ot the free States, and no harm has fol lowed, and no complaint iamado; why not in the rebel States, especially as they constitute the principal part of this loyal people of those States. If not permitted to vote, every rebel State will send disloyal men to Congress, ready and plotting to precipitato tho nation into internieino war whenever tho South, through Northern co-operation, might deem it safe to strike for their independence. . ' ISeoeo Witnesses. The proclamation of Gov. Sharkey respecting tho admissi bility of negro testimouy is a long step in the right direction, and goea a great way towards nullifying the infamous ordinances of tho Mississippi Convention. The Frced: men's . Bureau -offered to transfer to tho civil authorities of tho State thejright to try all cases in which the interests f freed men were concerned, on condition that negroes should bo allowed tho same rights and privileges that aro accorded to white men before tho courts ; " by which I un derstand," says the Governor, " that ne groes shall be allowed to testify in cases where their interest i3 involved. The Jackson News is furioii3 at what it calls " this first-advance against the righU, and "liberties of the whito man." What I aro tho rights and liberties endangered by admitting negroes 4to tho witness fctand 1 Does the News mean the timediouored right of. whito men to " wallop their own niggers" without interference f To cheat them out of their labor ; to kill them now and then, or score them in their live llesh, like pork? Does it mean the " rtekt" of the whito man to swear to anything ho chooses against a negro, and the denial to the negro of tho simple privilege of telling his own story 'i So far irom being an in fraction of anybody's just privileges, it seems to us that Gov. Sharkey's procla mation stops short of full justice. "The rights and privileges 'that aro accorded to the white men before the courts," include the right to testify not only in cases touch ing their, own interests, but in all cases whatsoever. ' - There is no more reason for excluding the testimony of "a black witness in suiU between whito men than for. rejecting the testimony of a white, man in suits between negroes. The riugres have indeed acquired bythis proclamation the right to sno and be sued, and protection in their persona and property, if there is any honesty in Mississippi juries; but until they have more than this they will not have been elevated to the status which naturally belongs to them fts reasonable human be ins Chicago Ilepuhlican. . .. A Fiiie-vdly Offer. A gentleman, whom we will designate as Mr., formerly owned a negro man, who attended him faithfully during the war, followed him through the Pennsylvania campaign and continued to discharge his duties unttl some three days previous to the cvacua ion when he W. cut off .U troops, ami they became ne-ro, however, soon made his way to ifeamond, where, having .become a freed m m he established himself in the mer Se line. A short time ago hearing Sathis former master wa. out oHni- he seat word 11 uo rr'Z 11 in his store. and rapid influx of great numbers of Fgreaae spot shall remain of this sum 01 . . white races irom oiaer counines vuiames, iue awiuawB. gradually decrease the disproportion in numbeias between the rn and the whites, and so render this new element in socie ty and government innoxious, or at least powerless for evil, if they should be so inclined. . . Rrft from thfe sreneral docility of their dispositions we may expect the most of them to he orderly , ana many oi industrious and useful citizens. But to secure these desirable ends it must not be forgotten that U is aa essential prere- Kichmond he would give him a si fllus..fnr.. Mr. P. did not find 1 ry to accept the offer, but fa IrV with a good deal of hum - if. mond Republic sitaatioa t neces- he tells tho or, Richr been the fountain of all. our trouble 3. and nf that fratricidal wd blobdy war mcii has desolated the land, (fireat Again, it should be expressly pwf the leaders of the Tebellion! who have he Id offices, civil or military, . JXS erate Government, should be MJ$ and forever debarred the right of and the Hght to hold any office of honor United States, neers.; , f ui faQte confer the right of suffrage upon all loyal tuition tn r . A Good School. -The Galveston B ti let in of a recent date says: We learn that John H. B5. e rnPral of the so-calied Con-Postmaster-Genera . federate btates, has wm tt-' o S thing, he favors dates. 4mou?, t haaev dentlr o while been progri0 rG?rctif somo iil9atFortAVarren.
Journal of Freedom (Raleigh, N.C.)
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Oct. 28, 1865, edition 1
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