FIVE CENTS More Tobacco on the Opening Day Than Could be Handled on the Three Floors—Thou sands of Pounds Carried A way for Lack of Selling Room —Less Than Half the Tobac co on Floor of 3 W’s Ware house Sold Tuesday and Had to be Carried Over and Sold Wednesday Morning-First Sale Put - on at Fanners’ Warehouse Which was Fol lowed by Sale by Tilly Bros. Sale at 3 W’s Warehouse late in the Afternoon — Approxi mately 200,000 -Pounds Sold at an Average Price of $14.00 Per Hundred — Receipts $28, 000.00 Farmers pleased with Prices The Sanford tobacco market broke . the record in its initial sale of the season last Tuesday. More than twice the tonnage was put on the market than in any one day in any previous season in its history. Something like 100.000 pounds was marketed here one day in 1928. This was the high water mark until Tuesday’s sales were put down at approximately 200.000 pounds. The average price was approximately $14.00 per hun dred. The receipts from the sales amounted to $28,000.00. The highest price paid for tobacco on any of the floors was $44.00 per hundred. Many piles sold at $20.00 to $30.00 per hun dred, Many planters were heard to say that their tobacco brought much * higher prices than 'they expected. It goes without saying that they were highly pleased with the prices their tobacco brought and went home re joicing. In drawing to see who.would put on the first sale Messrs. Jordan and ■ Hester, who are operating the Farm ers’ Warehouse, were the lucky ones, When the sale opened at their ware house there was hardly standing room on the floor. The jam was so great that the planters were delayed in un loading their trucks and wagons. When they had . finished unloading to bacco covered the entire floor includ finishcd until after the noon hour. The second sale which was held in the afternoon was at. the warehouse of Tilly Bros., across the street. This is the first season that this warehouse is in charge of these hustling young tobacconists. It is said that in the past few weeks they have visited about one thousand planters in this section and the sales of Tuesd^ showed it. Planters were on their floor from Randolph county and as far away as the tobacco . section around WinstomSalem. Their floor was covered to the doors and some of the tobacco brought iri' could not be placed for sale. The sale at the 3 W’s Warehouse, which is operated by two experienced tobacconists, Messrs. W. F. Wood and J." C. Yarborough, who have handled tobacco at this place for several years, opened late in the afternoon and although the warehousemen, auc tioneer and buyers worked like Tro jans,' they could sell more than half of the tobacco on the floor before it became too dark to carry on the sale. This warehouse, which has more space than the others, was also full and running over. The sale had to be finished Wednesday morning be fore the sale of that date was put on. Prices were much better on all the floors than expected. Even much of the trashy sandlugs sold at pretty good prices. The thing that told the story as to the feeling among the planters as to the prices that prevail ed was the fact that in the big rec ord-breaking sale of tobacco very few tickets were turned and the "to bacco carried home. Much tobacco came in late Monday evening and it continued to come in during the night, not only from Lee, but from Moore, Chatham, Harnett, Randolph, Hoke, Cumberland and other counties. When the sales open ed Tuesday morning all the parking space on the streets leading to the Warehouses and even much of" the business section of the town was tak en up by cars, trucks and wagons. It reminded one of a visit Of John Robinson’s circus. The circus always brings a big crowd to Sanford. At the noon hour the Cafes were crowd ed with people and the coca-cola and _ weinie stands were doing a big busi - pees. It is predieted that as result of this record-breaking sale, and the . good daily sales that will ho doubt follow all through the season, there Will be a re-drying plant, and per haps one, if not two, additional j warehouses built in Sanford by the j opening of the next season. The merchants and other business men of Sanford and all who are concerned in the success of the Sanford tobacco market believe that should as much as 5,000,000 pounds find sale on the local market this season it Means (hat Sanford will be on the map as t permanent growing tobacco market and will take, its place along with, Hendersbfi, Greenville,' Rocky Mount and other larger markets of the State.' If all will pull- together there is no reason why this should not be con summated within the next few years. This unprecedented opening day has had a tendecy to put new life in things and has given the town and section a tremendous boost. Let every busi ness man and citizen of the town put their shoulders to the wheel and keep the thing going till every pound of tobacco in the territory -of the San ford tobacco market is sold and then help to put across a movement to increase the facilities for handling the crop in 1931. The opportunity is in our grasp. We will know pret ty soon as to whether or not we are going to use it. A gentleman who has been on to bacco markets for 21 years, watched the sales here Tuesday and stated that it was one of the most success ful opening sales he has attended in five years, viewing it from every an gle. One planter was heard to say when the market opened that if he did not get $25.00 per hundred for his tobacco he would turn the tickets, take his tobacco off the floor, kiss Sanford good-bye and never return again. Later he was pleased to find that his lot of tobaco sold at $30.00 per hundred and with a smile on his face he said Sanford would see him later. } In order to accommodate the plan ters the two local banks remained open till a late hour Tuesday evening to cash their checks.. This was, the first time it was found necessary to to do this in the history of the to bacco market. THE TIME FOR TOBACCO GROW ERS TO ORGANIZE IS NOW. The states growing bright tobacco are equally interested in securing bet ter prices, and Mr. Frank Page is right in saying they should co-oper ate, As head of the Southeastern Regional •. Council Mr. Page will use all his influence to secure united ac tion of the other states. TPhjs, iSP(Hj_ by-tobacco growers of North Carolina to organize a North Carolina Co-op erative Tobacco Association, If North Carolina growers wish better prices, the essential thing to do is to organ ize now. Too much time has already been lost. South Carolina has ef- j fected an organization. Georgia and Virginia will do likewise. If each State wits on the other, how long be-! fore there will be an effective organ ization ? North Carolina should lead the , movement. Help can come in no \ other way. When this State has per fected a Tobacco Co-operative Asso ciation, it will confer with the other tobacco growing states and Mr. Page will .aid through the Southeastern Regional Council.. The time to strike in North Caro- j lina is when the iron is hot. North j Carolina tobacco growers alone have the power to effect some improve ment. North Carolina organized and j militant will be ready to join with1 four-state organization. But if North j Carolina waits for others to move it the other states and aid in a whole' will maek a serious mistake. . The time to organize in- North Carolina is now. The other states will fall in line!!—News and Ob server. JOHNSON TALKS ABOUT TALC For twenty years or more the rein ing of soap stone or talc has been carried on in the Deep River Valley in Moore County. The first mine was opened at Glendon and carried on with more or less success for a num ber of years. The Glendon mine was finally 'abondoned and a new mine opened at Hemp further up the river four or five years ago. The mine at Hemp has proven a success. In fact i it is the largest talc mine in the ] world. That is they mine talc there S in greater quantities than anywhere 1 else. These facts were brought out in a talk before the Rotary club Tuesday by Mr. Johnson who is with the Stan dard' Mineral Company, which oper ates the Hemp mine. Talc is used in a variety of ways. One of its chief uses is found in the making of tal cum powder. It is also used in the making of soaps. Mr. Johnson had t on display pieces of soapstone as; •talc in crude form as taken out of [ the mine. He also exhibited boxes containing talcum powder and soap which is now being put up by the company. Thirty-five men are em-1 ployed at the mine. ... Among visiting Rotarians were Cleve Spayer, secretary of the Ash boro club, which will play host at an inter-city meeting October 3rd. The Sanford club will be represented by ten or more members at this meet-, Ing. - FIVE COTTON BUYERS ON SANFORD MARKET It is Expected There Will Be Strong Competitive Buying Which Will Strengthen the Market And Be a Strong In ducement For the Farmers in This Section to Put Their Cot ton on the Sanford Market— Cotton Growers’ Association Will Also Handle Cotton Here. 1 . The Sanford tobacco market has not only had the greatest boost in the history of the market which was opened in 1912, 18 years ago, but,; it seems that there is going to be unusu al activity on the local cotton market through competitive buying. This paper has often stated that Sahford is the logical place for a tobacco market for all this sectiqn of the belt. This will also hold good rela tive to a cotton market. Sanford is in the center of a good cotton grow ing section and is accessible to all this territory by . good highways. Much of the land in 3 radius of 25 miles of Sanford is not only well adapted to the culture of cotton, but produces a superior quality of lint which is in great demand by the cotton mills of the country. Sanford has five buyers this season. They are Wilkins-Ricks Company, Sanford Cotton Mill Company, Palm er & Reeves, Ray Barnes and Paul Kelly. Mr. Austin McCormick and Mr. it,, u. JNalt are in the market for large lots, but they will not buy on the local market in small lots. The Co-operative Marketing Association is also ! handling- cotton at this, place. All these buyers have had experi ence in handling cotton —some years of experience here and at other places, Wilkins-Ricks Company have been on the market for twenty years or more,, and are well known to the farmers throughout this section. Mr. Jeff Johnson, who has been with this con cern 1 them nouse & Yadkin Railroad, where it is be ing weighed and graded. The San ford Cotton Mills Company haa also bought cotton on this market since the mill was constructed years ago. They have a modern ginning system which is now in operation at their mill. They gin the cotton for the farmers and buy it right at the gin, which saves the farmer the trouble of moving it, if they wish to sell. They pay the highest market price and work the cotton up at their mill. Mr. Palmer, who was with Wilk ins-Ricks Company for a number of years, before going into business for himself, has also handled cotton on the local market from year to year. He is buying at his place of business sn Bndor street. Mr. Barnes, who was also with Wilkins-Ricks Com pany till he went unto the fertilizer business last spring, has made ar rangements to buy cotton at Wilkins Ricks warehouse. Mr. Kelly has built a platform near his gin and stands ready to buy the cotton after He has ginned it for the farmers. He is now operating his gin and the farm ers can have it ginned and sell it on the spot. Mr. McCormick has. been ?n the cotton business for years and has handled it in big lots for large companies. He has made Sanford his ‘ headquarters for a number of years and bought cotton here and other places throughout this section. Mr. Nall has from time to time handled cotton on the Sanford market and is well known to the farmers throughout this section. Like the tobacco market, there is promise of a better cotton market here than in years. The buyers are prepared to pay the market price and invite the farmers to bring in a load of cotton and give them a trial. i 'The cotton platform between Chat ham street and the Seaboard side tracks where cotton was sold for years, has been-torn away by the railroad company. they were not willing for the platform to remain on their property and be used by people who shipped the cotton away in trucks. LIBRARY NOTES. The Sanford Library has been given three bodies T)y the trustees under the will of Mary Baker Eddy. These books are on our shelves and are to be circulated free of-charge. The titles are: 'Life of Mary Baker Eddy," by Sibyl Wilbur. i “Science atid Health," by Mary Ba ker Eddy. Miscellaneous Writings, by Mary Baker Eddy. BAPTISMAL SERVICE. Cool Springs aBptist church will hold a baptismal service next Sundav afternoon at 2 o’clock, at J. tf. Drane's fish pond, near the church. [RIEFS. building i The Sa give a at 7 o'clc Board of Claries in the W came to 1 buying Sanford go state to cell common, wH local Jews v of the Heb a ten day ] and neniten Long spent theI ont and Martin !' ] fended the funeral j in Wilson Sun #n> jeye specialist, bfowfor the prac- \ pion.4* He is locat ¥ice building. Ier has moved his *£ I street to rooms on 1 the Wilkins-Ricks ! street. ; 1 ke Department will < I'the Carolina Hotel ! : ht in honor of the 1 i and city officials. : Jr., who has been *>me time, recently ind is now in the C. Burwell, who is j : 4 the local market 1 ; Fobacco Company. ! pother, who for the I 1 years has been . n Raleigh, has re | and is now teach jd High school, pnford closed their 1 Wednesday in ] Hashana, or the : t wnich tlgan at Sometimes Jews of plarger cities of the ! [this occasion. In ! lry the world over, i gome the year 6591 * Ildar, and begin '■ special worship leh will end with i Y-om Kippur, the hoGest daj Mr. Archie who spent thej at Fayettevilli ford to attend T. Buchanan,-! a few days wi and this sectio Tha- Express ) tourist and *»t' in Florida tlgj al yearsffg more nor restored amo rations ar% 1 ^ tourist season. The Cotf.' Ass ground there will 4 plaeed in \ any previd two stor [Jay of Atonement, [the Jewish year. or Orlando, Fla., ■ ►mei with relatives [ who came to San-; ^funeral of Mr. W. pnce been spending tlatives in Sanford [ Mr. Dye tells The , [ the outiok for the business is better been for sever are becoming |orifihence is being people, Prepa- ; [made fox a. big . Sers’ Co-operative : to be mining I rty and this fall i ? be more cotton . >? fey them than in • *■ .have ness man also direct rs’ Associa the Associa jrinore than on coming to ' wagon (tate, was being ; ward Purdie, proi and farmer of Bui or of the Cotton tioh, said in a Jctj ^ ti6n September 18§§J 50 per cent of the). Dunn, which is tht cotton market in the.. r delivered to the association. Mayor W. R. Wifliaifcs.who made a-| business trip to New York last week, suddenly became afc'Sjhihded. His anxiety to get 1 ick to Sanford in record-breaking time caused him to take to the air while covering the distance from New -York to Wash ington. He left New York last Sun day morning in a 10 passenger mon oplane, traveling at the rate of 110 miles per hour. The big airship was not long in making the trip from the metrfopolis to the Capitol. His experience was somewhat thrilling while the big ship was taking to the air, but after it had gotten under way everything ran smoothly and the trip was without incident or mishap. While the Mayor is a hustler this was a little faster than he has ever been hurled through space before. These big airships now make daily schedules between JNew York and Washington. .:2a±,.r. Rev. G. R. Undemrood was sudden ly taken ill at the dinner table at his home near Pittsboro on Tuesday, of last week, and for awhile it was feared that he would not survive. However, he improved and was able to see many friends who called to join him in celebrating his birthday on last Saturday, 20th. He seemed to be in good spirits and expressed pleasure at having, big friends and neighbors call and felicitate him on his natal day. Mr. and Mrs. Under wood had planned to move to Sanford this week, but will not be able to come till Mr. Underwood is stronger. It is hoped by thsir host of friends in Sanford and throughout this sec tion that they will be able to move down soon. - LOCAL DEALER ANNOUNCES FORD DE LUXE CAR WEEK J. W. Kirkpatrick, lr. John Kennedy,was in Charlotte iVednesday and signed a lease with he*Efird Department Store, of that ity, for the rental of the store ,build ng on Steele Street now occupied by iVilliams-Belk Company, who are ireparing to move to the Wilkins rticks stand across the street in a rew days. The head of the Efird J>e jartment stores informed Mr.. Ken iedy that they would open a stock of foods in his building as soon as it is vacated by Williams-Belk Company. Hie lease dates October 1st. The Ef rd Department stores is one of the jiggest concerns of its kind in the State and is financially very strong, rhey have stores in 46 towns in this ind other States. We shall have nore to say about their plans of open ng a store here next week. KIWANIS NOTES. The Kiwanis Club held its regular veekly meeting at the Carolina Hotel ast Friday evening. “America” was rendered by the members of the club while facing the flag with Miss Lou se Futrell at the piano. The visitors were Miss Aileen McMillan, music Iirector in the Sanford High School, md Captain Dan B. King, of Battery E., 113th Field Artillery., After din ler had' been served Kiwanian J. W. Kirkpatrick, chairman of the program committee, made a talk telling about :he trip of the committee which went ;o Henderson and Richmond to discuss he Sanford tobacco market with rep resentatives of the big tobacco com panies and get their cooperation in securing the highest market prices for the crop on the local market. He expressed the opinion that there would be at ' least fiive hundred ihousancl pounds sold on the Sanford market this season. Miss McMillar the members of the .club Z three solos 01 Last week being Constitutioha week, which was observed by Ki wanis Clubs all over the nation Capt. King, at the invitation of th< program committee, made a mos interesting and instructive talk or the Constitution. He gave a brie! history of the Constitution, told ol its origin and some of the things it stands for. He stated arrangements had been made for Battery E. 113th Field Artillery, to attend the 150th anniversary of the Battle of Kings Mountain, w7hich will be observed at the battle ground on the 7th of Oct ober, and that the Battery will have the honor of being one of the mili tary units that will accompany Pres ident Hoover, who will attend the celebration, and be the guest of hon or of the occasion. The next meeting of the club will be held at the Carolina Hotel Fri day night at the regular hour. J. D. COLE DIES AT HOME IN CARBONTON J. D. Cole, aged 69, prominent mer chant and farmer, died at his home in Carbonton Tuesday following an illness of four months. Mr. Cole, whose wife preceded him to the grave by seven years, was held in high esteem by a host of friends who join the four surviving children in their bereavement. Funeral services were held at 3 o’clock Wednesday after noon in the Bethany Baptist Church, of ifrhich the deceased was a faithful member, with the pastor, Rev. E. W. Byerly, officiating. Interment fol lowed in the cemetery at the church. The Sapona Mills, Inc., are now running full blast. They have since they started been operating with seed shipped from Geor £ie. As the gins are now in op eration in this section they will be able from now on to buy seed in Lee and other counties in this section. Fhey expect a good season. The finishing touches are now be ing put on the work of re-modeling he . Wjjkins-Ricks store building vhich will be occupied by Wijliams Etelk Company when the work is fin shed. They hope to be able to mov^ n by the first of October. HOSPITAL CONTRACT SIGNED. The contract for the' construction vf Lee County Hospital has , been jxecuted with J. W. Stout & Co., In corporated, and the .contracting com pany has furnished surety bond in the sum of $87,000 through the Ameri :ah Bonding Company, of Baltimore, \ corporation with total assets of me and three quarter million dollars. j NOTICE. The local Chapter U. D. C. will neet Thursday, October 2nd, at the lome of Mrs. L. M. Thompson. % A TREAT IN STORE FOR FOOTBALL FANS Sanford and the Fast Eleven from Greensboro to Try Con clusions of the Local Field Friday Afternoon at 3:45— Schedule of Games for the Season Probably the biggest treat for fans in this section in the way of a foot ball game will be run off here Fri i day on the local gridiron at 3:45 j when Coach Warrick's “Yellow Jack i ets” will encounter the fast eleven from the Gate City. By defeating Candor 19-0 the local squad in Last Friday’s initial game revealed that it is going to make trouble for some body. The team is some heavier and more experienced than last year’s club, and the boys have been through some stiff practice this week while priming for the game. It is thought that the game here Friday with Greensboro is going to be one of the best of the entire season, as the local team is seeking revenge of the lick ing it received at the hands of the Greensboro team last season. Norman' Kelly, whd is no stranger to foot ball enthusiasts, will captain the team and probably lead in of fensive playing although Coach War rick has some good backfield material in Suggs, Newman, .Snipes, Hubbar 1 Stout and Wilkie, who is alternating at Guard and Fullback positions. Veterans in the line are Brown, Wic ker, Buchanan, Cox, and Palrper with Conder, Orr, Vick, Thomas, Byerly, Bowers, and Gregson as new line ma terial. Schedule for the teams for the remainder of the season is as fol lows: October J, Apex here. Ortoher 10, Dunn, here October 17, Fayetteville there.. October 24, High Point there. October 31, Siler City, there.. OTTO WOOD MAKES HIGH POINT CALL; GIRL KIDNAPPED. er prisoner—spent last Thursday night in High Point and ; ^ there I Friday morning about 10 lock in 1 an automobile after he and . irs. Rob ! ert Wood, his sister-in-law, had en I ticed away the latter’s six-year old daughter, Lucile, from a High point school. Her older daughter, Pansy, refused to go with her mother and Otto and went home and told her grandmother of the incident and the latter telephoned the police. IPriday afternoon about 4 o’clock Forsyth county officers discovered an abandoned car they suspected of be ing the one Otto had used on the trip to High Point and watched it for sev eral hours but Otto and his companion did not return. The car is said to have contained a license plate stolen from a guard at state prison and in it was also found a picture of Otto and a suitcase containing some woman's clothing. The car was seen in High Point and is said to have had a Wis consin dealer’s tag on it. It was a Buick coupe. A news dispatch from Winston-Salem said it was thought the car had been stolen at Roanoke, Virginia. Some two weeks ago it was reveal ed in High Point that the children of Mrs. Robert Wood, widow of Otto’s brother, wrho had been missing ever since Otto made his last escape, had received cards from their mother from Western States, the last from California. She signed her name i Mrs. O. H. Wood, the initials of Otto. BATTERY “E” ;TO KING’S MOUNTAIN Battery “E” of the 113th Field Artillery, our local military organiza tion has received an invitation to at ; tend the Sesqui-Centennial celebra I tion at King’s Mountain October 7th. | The President of the United States j will be the guest of honor and it is j a mark of distinction for any military j organization to be selected and invit ed to participate in the military par ! ade and pageant to be given. - j The funds necessary for this are ' not available from the State Treas ! ury and the local citizens and business I men will be asked to help in this cause. This is, perhaps, the largest | celebration of its kind ever to be I held in the South, and Sanford is for tunate to be represented by a selected | group of young men, and we feel sure that they will acquit themselves with i the same credit they have employed ; since their organization. Let us j help them in every way ^possible in , this undertaking. Captain King informs us that the entire strenghthm of sixty five men will be in attendance. His friends will be sorry to iearn that Mr. N. G. Avent, who has been seriously ill at his home for some time, does not improve. MAJOR STADMAN DEAD Last of the Confederates Who Served in Congress Passes Away in His Ninetieth Year. ' - Major Charles Manly Siedman, who represented the Fifth North Carolina district in Congress for nearly twenty years, and who was in his ninetieth Vear, died .in , Washington Tuesday, The body was taken to Fayetteville, where Major Stedmaff one© lived and the funeral was held today in the presence of a large concourse of peo ple, many prominent men coming from other states to attend the fu neral . Major Stedman, who was bom in Pittsboro in 1841, was the last sur vivor of the Civil War to serve in Congress, Of him the Washington Star says editorially: “Members of Congress from ev ery State in the Union today are ex pressing their sentiments of personal ioss at Lhe passing of Major Stedman, who has been a close friend to each of them—by virtue of his age and pat Tiarchial appearance, as well as by his friendly interest, the grand daddy of them all. “ ‘He was a courtly Southern gentle man, typifying the best of Southern traditions,’ was the epitome of their tributes. “Oh, the host of Southerners who, after laying aside the gray of Lee's battalions, went to Congress to serve the nation from which they had fought to secede. Charles Manly Stedman remained long after the last of his one-time comrades and foes in arms had passed from the roll calls of the house and senate. “Elected when nearly 70 years of age to the 02nd congress as a Demo crat .from, the Fifth North Carolina district, his period of continuous serv ice extended for a number of years after the death of Rep resentative Isaac C. Cherwood, of Ohio, the last, qf the army in blue to Koid a seat in the house. “Stedman and Sherwood, both Dem ocrats, became warm personal friends during their service in the house, fhany times they joked and swapped stories of the days when they were on opposite sides of the firing* line^ °n d *n ^e- army ~ “In his closing years in the house. Major Stedman was the recipient of many honors from his colleagues. Upon his 85th birthday the house ac corded him the unusual honor of sus pending proceedings to pay him tri bute. He was asked to come to the well in front of the speaker’s chair while each member on the floor form ed in line to file past and graps his hand. “At that time Representative Til son, of Connecticut, the Republican leader and Representative Garrett, of Tennessee, the Democratic leader, both spoke in high praise of the veter an Confederate who, although with white hair and gray beard, carried himself with military erectness of his younger days.” Mr. and Mrs. JE. M. Underwood and Mr^tand Mrs. P. H. St. Clair went to Greensboro Wednesday evening and witnessed the “Passion Play” in the auditorium of the Aycock Memorial building at the North Carolina Col lege for Women at night. FRIEBURG PASSION PLAY WILL BE PLAYED IN DURHAM NEARLY 700 YEARS AFTER ITS FIRST NIGHT. Nearly 700 years after its first night, the Freiburg Passion Play will open at the Duke University Audito rium on September 29, for only two days. Old enough to make Shake speare’£ work seem recent, the drama of Christ’s suffering and death for mankind still has the power to crowd theatres and auditoriums to capacityf It has been estimated that more than 60,000 Americans will visit Ober ammergrau this summer to view that production of the Passion Play. How ever, to Durham and at moderate price, an even oi ler company with a huge setting will bring the beautiful dramatization of the story of God’s love of,.His children . Hereditary about 1760. The Frieburg Passion Play was first produced in 1264, according to authen tic documents in possession of the Freiburg town council. Church records, indicate that the play began on a very simple scale as a means of imparting religious infor mation. It has been produced regu larly since the. thirteenth century. About 1760 the parts were made here ditary, that of the Christus being giv-. en to tile Fnssnnebt family. Adolph. Fassnacht now plays Christus. Nearly fifty Freiburgers are in cluded in the Company which is com ing to Durham. All of them have de voted their lives to presenting the story of Christ’s passion. The Parent-Teacher’s Association of the Junior High School, sponsors of the Passion Play, report that from the many reservations and inquiries they are receiving, they feel sure that many of our home town people are going to attend this famous old dram,* during the two days that it will be in Durham.