1 'i't'' ' : " ' '.
THE ORGAN OF THE FORTH CAROLINA BAPTISTS-DEVOTED TO BIBLE RELIGION, EDUCATION, LITERATURE AND GENERAL INTELLIGENCE.
Volume 89.
RALEIGH, N. C, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 20. 1893;
Number 28.
rhe Biblical Recorder.
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Our Boards for 1894.
BOARD OF MISSIONS A WD SUNDAY-SCHOOLS
LOCATED AT RALEIGH.
i r HA-rhnrniicrh. Chairman: C Durham. Cor
v ... --o-' --T-- , ' m
secretary; . jjivuuwu, v. . , v
Bailer. J N Holding, W N Jones. J D Bousball, L
OLougee, W O Uphurch, T W Blake. J H Al
ford. J VV Carter, T E Hkinner, E McK Goodwin,
W R Gwalti ey, N B Cobb, M T Norris, J U Cad
delL Ft Hohgood, J C Ellington, C J Hunter, C
WCarr.EO HollomanT H Piitcbard, H C
Olive, W A Montgomery, B E Brewer F rt Biggs,
H L Watuon, A M Hlmms, R E L Yates. J hart
well Edwards, J P Wyatt, G J DoweU, C W
Blancbard.
Anson and Richmond Association, J W wild
man and L Johnson: Ashe and Alleghany, James
EUer: Atlantic, J C Whitty; Alexander, D W
Pool: Beulah, W R Brooks; Brier Creek, W A
Myerar Brushy-Mountain, R A Spainhour; Cald
well, J V UrcCaU; Cedar Crwk, H B Downing;
Central, P A Dunn; Catawba River, Samuel Huff
man; Cape Pear and Columbus, E W Wooten and
Dr A W Kennon; Chowan. E F Aydiett; Eastern,
L R Carroll; Elkin, J 8 Kilby; Flat River. R H
Marsh: ren Kiver, C B Juntice; King's Moun
tain, H F Bchenck ; Liberty. James Smith ; Little
River, J A Campbell; Mecklenburg ai d Cabarrus,
C Graham: Mt Zion. W C Tvree: Pee Dee. L
Johns n; Pilot Mountain, H A Brown; Raleigh,
0 L 8tringfleld : Kobeson. E K Proctor, Jr ; Bandy
Creek, O T Edwards; South Fork, J 8 Bridges;
South Yadkin. J B Holman; Stanly, E F Kd
dings: 8outti Atlantic, J M Long; Tar River, R
Van Deventr -and R T Vann; Three Corks, 8
Farthink: Union. A C Davis; West Chowan J K
Brewer; Yadkin, J O Rurrus; Montgomery, W M
Bostick: Bladen, W 8 Meekin; Mitchell L H
Greene; Yancey, J W Biggs; French Bead, T M
Hone) cutt. ..
BOARD OK KDUCATIOIt LOCATED AT WAKK
FOREST.
Secretary; W B Royall, D w Allen, C E Brewer, J
M Brewer, J B Carlyle, L Chapell, P A Dunn, W
R nnn W U VA,mA PW Inkninn W C I out.
wuiui. vv jgt w m urv, A vv vwu.a.u, v. ' ..
ford. L R Mills. J B Powers. F M Purefoy. N Y
Gulley, C E Taylor, J F Lanneau, Elder John
Mitchell, R E Royal, W J Ferrell. Drtfo Fowler,
E W Hi Res and J C Maske, J C CaddeU, T E Hold
ing, A F Purefoy.
: BOARD OF MINISTERS' RELIEF LOCATED AT
DURHAM.
W C Tyree, President : Wj A Albright.'Tor.
Secretary: H A Reams, T E Cfteek, J L Markham,
T H Pritchard. F P Hobgood and W Jones, N
B Broughton, J F MacDuffle, G J Dowell . . ,
TRUSTEES OF THOMAS VILLI ORPHANAGE- LO
CATED AT THOMAS VILLI.
Jotm Mitchell, President; A U- Mcuanaway,
Becretarv: J C Scarhorouph. C Durham. W
GwalUiey, Thomas Carrick, F P Hobgood, Noah
Pritchard, W T Faircloth, J H Lassiter. A J Mon
tague, H F Schenck, John Brewer and J D Bre
vard. TRUSTEES OF WAKE FOREST COLLEGE LOCATED
AT WAKE FOREST.
J M Heck. President; R E Royall, Secretary;
C T Bailey, Noah Biggs, G W Blount, John B
Brewer, H A Brown, O Cobb, C M Cooke, W E
Daniel, H C Dockery, P A Dunn, C Durham, W
T Fai cloth, A R Fouahee, N Y Gulley, W R
Owaltney, F P Hobgood, J M Holding, J D Huf
ham, U J Hunter, R H Marsh, W JMcLendon,
John Mitchell, W H MitcheU, E 8 Moore, R R
Overby. T H Pritchard, E K Proctor, Jr, J B
Richardson, J W F Rogers, G W Sanderlin, J C
Scarborough, T E Skinner. J H Tucker, W G
Upchurch, W W Vass.
:h What is commonly referred to as the Ha
waiian affair, has grown out of an almost
incoessful attempt of the American residents
of the Hawaiian Islands, situate in the Pa
cific ocean, to ibolisn their government,
which has heretofore been of the monarchical
form, and to bring it under the jurisdiction
,bf the United States. This was the begin
nng; the subsequent history of the "Af
fair" would occupy a volume As the mat
ter now standsHhe discretion of a Piesl-
dent, the honesty of a minister, and the J
nonor of the United States, are involved.
Such being the conditions, the result is re
garded (with far more interest than the Is
lands thmt,flves. " s
The Hawaiian Islands had been of little
importance until their resources were devel-1
Jd by American enterprise. They had
been occupied and governed for many years
bJ an inferior race, antil certain Americans
air the advantages which they afforded for
the production of sugar. Since this latter
Industry was established, the Islands have
tacreasedin value and in clvilizttion, by
ontae-wjtb. America, until to day they are
largely ooed and most of the taxes are
Paid by Americans. The more elf ilizd, that,
the foreign contingent, of the residents,
being desirous of relief from the embar
rassments of the dominion of an inferior
ruler, and, it is asserted, wishing to ob
tain the advantages of the United States'
sugar bounty, deposed the Queen, and sought
the protection of the United States with a
view to annexation. The preceding admin
istration favored this step and undertook a
protectorate of the Islands. The present ad
ministration is unfavorable to annexation,
claims to have discovered fraud in the for
mer proceedings, and has renounced the pro
tectorate, and it is daily expected that the
Queen, and the monarchical form, will be
restored. Thin is, no doubt, both acceptable
and just to the Queen and the native inhab
itauta, though very embarrassing to the
Americans who have developed the Islands,
and who now practically own them. The
question is very similar to thut which we
loDg ago decided by occupying, developing,
and taking uuto ourselves the lands of the
ladiang, removing thf m whither we wished,
is it just to deprive one of power wbo is
incapable of using it to good advantage ?
Other arguments are involved, among
them the fact that, in tv-nt of war, the Is
lands would be of great advantage tons as
ao exclusive coaling station, but we have
space only to state the principle of the ques
tion. We are not pessimistic, nor do we care to
appear abusive of the press, but we wish to
call attention to a mistake that many of our
contemporaries are accustomed to make.
We see it stated now and then that the
farmers, having " plenty to eat and wear,"
should be congratulated on their good con
dition. Now wed) not wish to excite dis
content, or discourage a movement that
promises well, but we protest that human
kind should not be content with " plenty to
eat and wear," and that that is a ttate of ex
treme poverty, rather than one woathy of
congratulation. A farmer is not a first class
farmer who fails to raise home supplies at
the sacrifice of all money crops, but at the
same time, we hope he will n jt learn to be
content with a gratification ot his physical
wants. We cannot bud conditions in North
Carolina that can be compared with those of
certain quarters of our great cities. In 'this
light we are in a good condition, but still
are not in a state to be congratulated. Who
lives a life of physical enjuymeut only, who
is content with " plenty to eat and wear
through the winter," is in a state of semi-
barbarism, though bis condition is far bet
ter thftn that of hundreds of thousai ds A
farmer is not in good circumstances until
he is able to give nis children more than a
free school education, purchase books and
periodicals, and "lay by" something suv
stantial for his family in case of death. We
are sorry for those who cannot eDjoy these
things, and, though we know' their con
dition is far better than, thit of some others,
we cannot turn a tor .a moment mat it is one
with which they should bfj content. Wa
have physical, intellectual, and spiritual
qualities, all of which must have full exer
cise and development before we are worthy
representatives of the human race. Still we
see no reason for a violent discontent; which
is powerful onlvn in sound; action, work, and
determination, will accomplish more than
all possible agitation.
There has always been a prominent and
dangerous tendency in our government to
abandon those measures, which, though
just from every point of view and almost
essential to good government, appear diffi
cult of execution. We do not favor govern
ment ownership of railroais, still we can
not sympathize with the argument very
commonly used that the government could
not direct them. The same argument has
been used against the ad valorem tariff with
great effect, and we are glad that it can now
be proved that such customs can be equita
bly collected. ! The same argument is the
Chief stock of the opponents of the income
tax, add it now appears that they will suc
ceed in their antagonism to the measure on
so meagre a reason. The same argument
was used against the anti option bill, and
many other lust measures that have been
abandoned, and yet it is absolutely ground
less. It is a very weak government that is
unable to enforce just measures. Just here
it may be wise to distinguish between expe
diency and justice. We believe that it would
not be unjust for the government to own the
railroads: still it is obviously inexpedient,
and impracticable. But there are other
measures that are just, expedient, practtcaoie
and essential among them, in our opinion,
the proposed income tax and the abandoned
anti option bill, and it is a reflection on our
government to refuse to pass them for the
reason 3hat "they cannot be enforced," or
would 'Mead to fraud and subterfuge." the
government'sduty is to einforce just laws and
prevent and punish frand, and if it fails in
these, it has failed in its highest aim. It
should not be said and we should blush to
hear the arcument that - certain measures
are wise and just, but mustj be abandoned
because they lead to fraud. k
It is probable that the State Bank tax,
which has longjoeen a discontentedly borne
burden to many, especially or tne poorer
classes, wlir be repealed. ; The taxwas im-
p jsed for the protection of a National Bank-
jog system, and the. extinction of the State
Banks, which were brought into disrepute
by the fraudulehce of unworthy and irre
sponsible men who abused the privileges of
the system and took advantage of the laxity
of law. The principle on which the State
Bank system was based is worthy, but un
less restrained, can be used dangerously by
designing men. If the tax is removed, we
believe the banks should still remain under
control of the Federal government, the se
curities, on which notes are issued, quali
tied, and the entire system guarded as se
curelyasour present system. We believe
we may have in State Banks of issue a pre
ventative of serious or widespread panics,
still we are not in favor of giving the great
license to the system that led to the panics
of 1834, '40 and '57. State Banks must be
guarded, their securities must be almost as
invariable as those on which National Bank
notes are based, before they can as well per
form tbeTunctioD8 of banks of isue. The
safety of all banks repose ultimately in the
h nesty of men, and 'dishonesty cannot be
lr vented. But this is not an argun e t
again s State Banks mce than against Na
tional Banks. Disbonet-ty can as easily be
mm m z"d in the one as in the other.
It is unnecessary that State Bank securities
possess the generally recognized value of gov
eroment b inds; it is only necessary that they
be almost as invariable in value and secure
against serious depreciation. " Surely, with
the aid of bank examiners and a thorough
system of banking laws, the value and the
stability of the securities may be ascertained
and made public, and thus the value of the
notes be established, pot only in one State.,
but, to a large extent, throughout the coun
try.
A Layman's Studies in the Life and Letters
of Paul
II. THE CHROM)IiOGICAtr6RbER OF PAUL'S
LETTERS
The New Testament canon reached its
final settlement as the result of a gradual
growth. The number of distinctively Chris
tian documents quoted as authoritative by
Christian writers became larger and larger
durirjg the second and third centuries, until
all which are now held to be canonical were
so recognized. The African bishops, an
sembled in council at Hippo in A. D. 893.,
formally ratified the general judgment and
settled the canon exactly as jive have it at
present, except that they included in it the
Apocrypha.
Tne collection of these writings was also
gradual. Of them it would appear that
some of the letters of Paul were the first
that were brought together. Such a collec
tion is implied in 2 Peter 3: 16 "as also in
all' bis epistles " The first Collection of
which we have historic record was madefy
Maicion, the Becond century . heretic, who"
carried it to Rome in the year 139. It em
braced the Gosuel of Luke in an altered
form and ten of Paul's letters, those to
Timothy and Titus and the letter to the
Hebrews (of undetermined authorship) not
being included. The order of the letters in
this earliest New Testament I have not been
able to ascertain. In all subsequent collec
tions, as in that now in use, the only prin
ciple governing the arrangement of the
Pauline letters appears to have been their
relative length, if we except the letters to
Timothy, they gradually decrease in length
from Romans to Philemon. Or, they may
be divided into two groups, church letters,
coming first, and personal letters, last. Tie
order in each group is according to length.
The stereotyped arrangement of editorial
Jiaragraphs in a newspaper one cannot ob
ect to. The page a quires a certain smooth
ness which is, perhaps, desirable, and the
paragraphs, being unrelated, are themselves
unaffected by the order in which they are 1
read. On tne supposition that tne letters or
Paul stand in no closer relation to his per
sonality1 'than is involved in his merely
transcribing' the verbal dictation of the Holy
Spirit, then the order in which they are
read is of no consequence. - But if they
spring out of his dramatic experience and
are transcripts of his mind and heart under
the stress of varying external conditions and
at different stages of bis progress in the
"apprehension" of Christ, then they be
come unintelligible apart from bis personal
history, and the order of their reading lsba
longer, immaterial. . It would be a manifest
gain if they appeared in the New Testament
in the order in which they were written. I
Tcannot but regret that in the publication of
the Revision or 1881 this order was not fol
lowed. Of coursi, they may be read in
chronological order although they are not ?o
printed, provided that order 4s known. It
may prove serviceable, therefore, to inquire
into the subject.
The letters which are preserved to us
as Paul's, exclusive of those to Timothy
and Titus, are scattered through the last
ten years of his life as that life is cer
tainly known to us. The earliest of them
was written nearly twenty years after his
conversion; the last, from the Roman prison
shortly before his acquittal by Nero. Hia
life after that time is entirely unknown to
us, except so far as this acquittal, indeed,
and a second- imprisonment are necessarily
implied by the letters to Timothy and Titus.
What the date ot these letters is it is impos
aible to determine. The question of their
authorship has been" long debated r but, as-
suming them to be Paul's, as I do. thev
werethe last that he wrote, Second Timothy
oeing tne last one of tne group.
The dates of the remaining ten, which be
long to the known lire of Paul, have been
determined with sufficient accuracy by the
evidence ot tne letters themselves supple
men ted by the narrative of Luke in the
Acts. I shall not collate this evidence here.
but am content to set forth the results at
which special students hate arrived with
practical unanimity. .
A. D. 53-54. First and Second Thessa
lonians, written from Corinth during Paul's
eignteen montrjs residence there.
56. Galatians, probably from Ephesns.
57. First Corinthians, in the spring, from
Jiipnesus; isecona Corinthians, in the au
tumn, from Macedonia.
58 Romans, in the winter, from Corinth.
. 58-60. Colossiany, Ephtsians, and PhiU'
mon (all db-pttched at the same time by
the same hand), probably from the prison
in C&sarea: thev mav have been written
two years later during the Roman imprison
ment. 4 -. .
62-63 Philippians, during the captivity
at Rome
Paley, the author of the once celebrated
Natural Theology, seems to have given the
original impetus to a broader and more ra
tional study of Paul's letters in a work pub
lished iu 1790 and bearing the title, Nora
Paulina, or the Truth of the Scripture His
tor y of St. Paul evinced by a comparison of
the Epistus which bear his name with the
Acts of the Apoitlts and with one another.
He treated the letters in their historical
setting and sequence and in their mutual
relations, and traced the development of the
writer's teaching. Since Pa ley's attempt,
many finely equipped minds have approach
ed these wonderful letters in the same spirit,
with the result of causing them to glow
with the light and passion of Paul's remark
able personality. Wv L Poteat.
Wake Forest College.
Talks About Law-No. 20r
BY JUDGE R. W. WINSTON.
RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES,
It may not be generally known, but it is
the law of North Carolina that no one n -
ligious denomination can own lands, by the
general law of the State, of a greater yearly
value than six thousand dollars; nor can any
ninj.li. fiAnnaai.. (Inn Aian 1.in4a ff I. n r. , . . Jk
I studio vuufjicaiiuu unu lauua vi n git?ai-i
yearly value than four hundred dollais. Of
course thia does not apply to lands and It ts
set ap.rt and appropriated to divine wor
ship. None but a student of the law will under
stand this seemingly harsh statute. -Away
back ten centuries ago, the monasteries in
England were very rich and powerfuLThey
began to absorb the lands of the whole
kingdom, and hence the Parliament made it a
cause of forfeiture (or any one to give or sell
lands to a religious corporation. Our North
Carolina statute is the scar which remains
upon that old wound. We have in our Code
a very wise and beneficent provision that
all glebes, lands and tenemeuts, heretofore
purchased, given or devised for the support
of any particular ministry or mode of wor
hip ; and all churches and other houses
built for the purpose of public worship and
all lands so given to any church or religions
society or congregation shall be and remain
forever to the use of such church, society or
congregation ; and further, that the estate
thereto shall be deemed and held to be vested
absolute in such trustees for the uses ex
pressed in the deeds of purchase or of gift;
and in case there shall be no trustees, then
in the said .churches, denominations, socie
ties and congregations respectively accord
ing to such intent.
From the aoove it may be seen that a gift
to a church will be upheld by our courts
even if the giver does not know and express
the names of the trustees or even if he does
not name' any trustees ; but simply names
the denomination.
But it must be borne in mind that no
church can own lands of great value as we
have seen above, unless it have a charter so
to do from the Legislature. So, full power
is given to any church or society to elect
trustees who shall have power to receive do
nations and to take and bold property, real
and persona by purchase or by gift
We were doing pretty well in North Caro
lina without any provision in. the general
law authorizing a church, through its agents,
to sell any lands or to mortgage the cuurch
building until the year 1883. In that year
it was provided by the Legislature that; if a
majority of the congregation so voted, the
church might mortgage its building and bor
row money to improve the building.
Whether we have arranged a box of Pan
dora, to be opened in the hereafter, remains
to be seen. Many fine churches at the North
have been sold under mortgage, and are now
used for storage houses, I learn. i: , ,f
These trustees simply act for the church,
and as long as they do their duty, they are
not liable personally except they contract
personally. For example, a man who was
injured in erecting a church building re
cently, sued the building committee for
damages ; but our court said that they were
not individually liable. , ; ,
f Many statutes have been passed for tne.
protection of churches against disturbances
while services are going on in the church.
It is made a misdemeanor for anyone to ex
hibit any natural or artificial curiosity In
half of a mile of a church during religious
exercises, one statute our church ' peop'e
have perhaps overlooked. For, it is pro- -Tided
that if any person shall be intox icatc d
at a place of divine worship, during the. .
time the people are assembled for such wor
ship, he shall pay a fine of twenty dollars. '
8o-lf any one disturbs a religions congrega
Hon while engaged in worship, he is guilty '
of a misdemeanor. .
It is to be observed that to convict under
the last statute, it most be shown that be
actually disturbed the congregation daring '
religious exercises; while und r the first etat- .
ute if one be Intoxicated at a church during .
service, he is guilty of a mitdemeancr. , -
Many a time a drunken man could be con
victed for being drunk at church, but not
for distuibing the congregation. ' For if a
man, being drunk, should go to church, and
the ladies, seeing his condition, should scat- ,
terand move about, and the poor drunken '
fellow did nothing, why he so doubt could "
not be convicted for disturbing the congre
gation, because the ladies did this, he did
not. ;; Of course, we have all beard of the
case against one Link'a down in Robeson
county i it is well known ii legal circles, k
and his name is in the. law books all over
the land. He did not sing well . He came' -in
a word or two late at the end of each line.
His voice, too, was not sweet. During big
meeting season, when he became enthused, -he
sang worse than ever. At last, the dea- .
cons and the preacher told him he really
most sing no more. , Bijt at the next meet
ing Mr. Linklaw sang and- sang no better,
perhaps worse. The outcome of it all was ' ;
that he was indicted for disturbing a relig
ions congregation. A special verdict was
taken, in which the above facts were found,
and, in addition, that he did not intend to
disturb the congregation and was a good" "
member of the chorph. Oar courts ssy that
he was not guilty ; that every man has the
right to worship God according to the dic
tates of his own conscience. ' ;
A curious case came under myobserva-
tion in Statesville. A man was indicted un- '
der this statute, and the evidence developed -
tne iaci. inat a, me uuriai oi, ii.s siaier ub ; .
simply said, "Her husband killed her." It
was in evidence that he was greatly dis- '
tressed and spoke from the depth of his
affliction; and he was hence acquitted.
Indeed the statute does so embrace cases
of this kind - It is made to protect the con- ;
gregation from wanton and careless, fellows
or otners who are not interested in wnat is
going on, and.make noises: so as to distnrb ; .
the religiousworship. . :
Hiding 0or Lights Under Bushels. .
The notion which a great many so called
Christian people seem to have in this day,
or at least which they act upon, that the-'
sole end of their Christianity is their own
happiness and salvation, is clearly opposite
to tiod's truth. No man is so great or iso
lated that his sinele well-being cm be the
sole purpose of God's dealing with him, but
his intention in lighting eacn ntue oit oi a
taper is that it should light ever so many
more; and the meaning of our being light
in theLord is that through us and from us
there should go forth a communicative light
which, touching other souls, shall illumi
nate and transfigure them. - : . ' ; ' r
A srreat manv of us who call ourselves
Christians seem to forget the plain, homely
wisdom of this metaphor. You are dark
lanterns if you are lanterns at all, and you
keep the lights down wttn admiraoie con
sistency from one year's end to another.
-We seem many of us to have no other ob-
iecfc more at heart than that nobody should
now that we are Christians by anything
we do outside these chapel walls. That is
not what God meant when he came to as in
the sweetness of b love and spoxe to us tne
healing words. He meant us to represent .
him in the world, and to shine as lights
where he has set us. We creep under tne
busbeL We button our coats over our uni
forms. If we do sot hide away, at any rate .
we make no conscience of showing whose ;
we are and whom we serve. And it is odd
loyalty that conceals our loyalty amidst a
universe of rebels. ; -., . .
The harn strinsr only eivea music when t
moves so swiftlv as to be invisible, and the
sweetest praise comes from lives which so
vibrate under Christ's floger that the on
looker does not so much see as hear them,
and recogniza the hand that has made the
silent string sweet and vocal. '
So remember Jesus Christ has not lighted
bis light that either he or- you may bury it
under a bushel, but that we may all for our
selves gaze with eager eyes on that light of
his, the . very obscurities oi which are
irophets of brightness, and may cherish and
oster in our heart that light which, if we
set it on high to rule and enlighten - the
kinedom w.tnin. if we listen to it, if we
obey It, if we feed it w. to. the oil of the
Spirit by c immanlon with oar Lord, will .
burn more and more brightly till every cor
ner of the inward ma is illuminated and ,
rejoices. And then let us live before men
as the witness oi mm wno natn caused to
shine in oar hearts the light of the glory of
the knowledge of his Son, that we may im
part it unto others, until the whole world is
filled with the radianoe that streams from
the central lamp of the,' universe, the light
of Christ, who Ughteth every man that
cmnth Into the world. nRet. Alexander
JIaclaren, D. D.'-:'-"r '
ThA ricbtAnnft are exDocted to maIfr t'
grace of God br a clear test! cy ti: 1
pure, consistent me. -