Newspapers / The Biblical Recorder (Raleigh, … / July 29, 1835, edition 1 / Page 1
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-tt zz: 4 --1- , -SZ3ffu RE R A NC. E, : A N D .J U p G EM E X fTocOME ' " ' L..... . i, i .. , g If Y( T ME HE DITII, ' EDITED I n i 1 1 I j T ERM S. Tun Dikocai. Recorder is. "ediu'sJiy, at .$2. .50 per annum, published, every , if. paid within months, S'i if taid ubsesiuentlv !fn that - , - i . r v t ; 1 V1 . i . .1 a nr person who will become responsible for civ inie, or who w 1 forward the names of sax sub Ln!)crstKili lie entitled to a seventh copy Wtfltis. ,oS"scrlPlllM1 . ue rceeivQd lor lesj than C U Uiiiiso t.iiu ".uurmat, III) UlSCOn- I'viutc .will 1 allowed until arrearages ate paid. Vrsonwish iiig tcjj U isconti nue ill be expected v.mk ay (rive iiftko1 ta that effect prior to the commence i 1 cat ot a new year ; otherwise they will ?e con- ! r:u ; re'onMuie ior tivc ekismn welve .. . . .mliAnn a 1 1 i 11 Lioarauuin...iMi.-,vAi.fi uium" oi ogen S who i; "ratux uiu-i , stcuiu auenuo rs f ON ST 1 T U.TI UN..- Tisc following .'arc the Amendments i (wiiitutioii, JVauit-'d by the Convetjtio.il, an o the U now llr thefcraii- aiieii or nicction : Kvh'ereas the General Asscmblv of N. Qaroli- -hv an ai-t, passed tuc Mxth day of Jar uary, en onl' tlinusanJ'fiyht hundred -ami t mty-liv i, n fist i'fjnccnnnr a Conven V t ..... - . - ion to n bend .van ,sup ty of lirty- mental tluTotOj .passed on ..-the eighth d jiuarv, one thousand eight hundred and t .u;ui uireet uiai poJis snpuici De open? , , I ' . .1 . . U I 111! d 111 'j for rv election precinc? tliro-uirliofit the Stat tii-purpobe tu aveuajmug. wneiner it was j the r- .1 .1 - .. . i will of tiie tjeqaen ot INoitli Larolnm that there svh'.hl be a Convention ol .Uelogaics, ta etbnsid- ,T)foei-t:Un amendments proposed to be ml do id ihtooibtituVioiL of said State ; and did furtMer di- Hict th.it, if a majority of all the votj;s poll eld. by the;AvenieN of North Carolina shtiukl be Sii fli-i Vv.r i lio'dmg such Convention, tne itovf rnor vu.uu. tiy proclamation, aniiQunce r the fact, land t!iijct'i.pon the freemen aforesaid siiouJd efdt:cj.el-' icntes to inett in Convention -at the. city o Ka ici 'iii, f' the lirst Thtirsiby in June, one hou- ;iijd eight hundred andjhirty-live, to consif er of aniendtnents; And whereas a majority';' of. rue ireymcivpi rspvtu v.arona .did,, bv neir will t y:es at the po!I. so opened; 1 a;ve their !!ii;t a Convention fhouhi . be had to consid fr 01 die n.-faendments p.roposeVl, Utid tli CJovornor Vi proclamation, announ be the act that their i!l jhad been-so declared,' aijid' an' !;'lejj:itcs .to .meet in Convention as eleetioi lor Avas lele- noresai r ..cuj-dmgly had. ov, therefore, we, the r;i!i.-j of the good' people of North Carolina, ;av as em Weil in Conventfcn at tin city oil 11a- da the first Thursday J a Jundy one J 10U- 1 eight hundred and thirty five, and u.a injr 'uiitin; vu m session Irom day to xlaiv, untii the h'TCii'-b t-'f July, ond,ti;ousa h ei$ht liun red -a-.Kt u.ii-ty-nve, lor tiie iinore delieer e consiq ra 'l iuu oif-:ua amendments, 'do now su jmit to th derm :i,jUu'n (;f alt the ini lified voters o the S:;i!e, vA elo! o-Aing amendments in t ne Con titu- ll'ol. tii at is to sav , . . . . AllTIGLK I. MIXTION 1. ' ..I i Senate of this State slid !I consist: of Wk'ntatiyesL biennially chos en Jb.v hi lot, k1 elected l.-y districts ; u Ji eh dastricts laid o(Fbv th Cleueral Asscmbl v, ati its 1 ioii after the car one jisand ( ai-d fortv-o o, Cr It U11U aiierwquy?, its ::r.t .s'.-h. " 'l ;io:ia!ter the iV('r oiii' tLo i'. d:"nd ( ervtu ffht i:-t;;iirei and iifty-o : anu U!en ev 1 . t nty xes vear .11 enaSter, in r ro)orlion,to the public t piiil. int the Trqa.su TM'oi the State 1 y the public riti- ns itsereoi ; anu tn.j 1 1.1 verao-e of the ) Lreti tax- ts paiuiiv eacn.Qoun -11 1 UitO th jirceed surv oi khe Mute, fort lie live;, yen ;-t" the districts, shall :nir the lay in off consititreu as its pro ti6r- .'i.'.'ii of the public taxefe, and constitute A I 1 i no oa sis t i ap port ion men t-: loaded. t 1 Th.at no cou -ity 'I'lll !,. Mi'i-it.il in i,X formation of a foenatoria district .in U' ill mu And when npre are pne or more co t. . un- inn an exeq ss of taxation above e ratio,to orm a Sena 0 rial district, adjoining a county r counties de: caenc m sucn ratio, tne ex- i'ss or excesses aforcfeaid shall be added to he yixauon pi the county or c ountjes deficient ; alnd I '.'. wiiii audi addition, tie county or counties te. living shall have. tl e requisite, ratio, su bh county aid counties ebdh shall constitute a Stf'n- aioria-1 d strict -The House of Commons shall: be compo id twentv1; Representatives. -1 of oi'iefiun drcd ar 'niiallT- chosen bv hA ''fsjiccoichiig tt! their j npt, io ne eiecteu dv coivn- fiideral population, that Ss, jceordinir to th respective , numbers, - which Jiailhe determined b; 'fr of frde persons,-in adding to the whole num- ludimr those bound to sir- VIi-c for a term of vearfe, and excluding Indians "ot taxe three-fifths fall other persons; ahd acli-couhty shall have it lcastont 1 member m Hotide of.ComhioM although 1 it may ijot '"iitam the Tt5fiuisite rat; o.ot population p o. Lhis appointment shall be made by t 'uneral Assembly, at t.ne respective .times a A -rii ie 14 K'l'iods fhen . thctlii tricts for the Senate a i-e lcroin before directed t6 be laid ofTahit the satid 'Pportiojirnent-sliall made according to fin mmeratjon to"be ord ,r'1',iy, or according ed by the General As- o tne census w-men mav iaKi?n by order ot Congress, next preceding j'yiiou qi making suclappoviionrncnt. 4. T ri nit-;.Vrr l ic apppnionmem in t he ;wc of Common's, t ie ratio ot representation h ' oe ascertained by aividinc the amount of 1 f'ueral Tinnnlnti fii.k nr... comprehended wiuhin those counties which lot seyerallviconta n the one hundred aiM ijf ntle.th Part of the ehtire Federal population oresaidjby the numbei of Representatives less To T nrmDer asssigntd to the said countiejs. lnot?achcPunt7 containing , the said ratio, arid 'lce fhesaid rat. tNre shall be assigned hvlrefreentativei 4ch county: containiRk L,!'- 1 inot threetimes thesaid ratio, there shall hp V- t lwo representatives, ana so on pro j rasiyelyi and then the Sremaininff ReDresentl Temaininff Renresenta r shall be-assicrned- assigned severally to the. countie$ "Jthdlarrrestfraci on " tioa ihe . v Vi. :Mty lle r::al"lD 1 V;l! I.e "i:Kt ?eti ( v . m -. Utt.iumium . 'If tt , : I ,. V ta..-JS I I '111 .11 I . SKdTION 2. y i- Until the iirst Session of the General 'As- at-mDty yvnicn snau be fiad alter the year eigh teen hundred and forty-one, the Senate shall be compdsed of members; to be elected from the several districts herein after named, that is tc say, the 1st district shf ll consist of the counties of Penpiimons and Pasquotank; the 2d district of, Camden and Currituck; the 3d district, of Gates and Chowan ; the 4th district, Washing ton and Tyrrel ; the-iHh district Northampton the Cth district, Hertford ; the 7th district, Bertie the Sth district, Martin ; the 9th district, Hali fax ; tht 10th district, Nash : the 11th- distfirf AVakcrjHlie 12th distrkf, Franklin the 13th dis trict, Johnston ; the 14th district, Warren the 5th district, Edgecombe; the i 16th district, Wayne; the 17th district, Cireene and Lenoir ' the 18trt" district, Pitt, the 19th district, Beau fort and jtlyde ; the 20th district, Carteret'and Jones ; the. 2 1st district, Craven ; the 22d district, Chatham; thej 3d district, Granville; the 24th "district, . Person ; the 25th district, Cumberland 5 the 2uth district, Sampson ; the 27th district, New Hanover; the 2S:h district, Duplin ; the 29th th'sniet, Onslow ; the 30th district, Bruns wick, Bladen and Columbus ; the 31st district, Kobeson and Richmond ; the 32d district, An scm ; the ; 33d district Cabarrus; the 34th dis trict, Moore and Montgomery ; the 3oth district, Caswell ; the. 3Gth district PiOckingham : the oan district, Qranire: the 38th district, Ran Criiilford ; the 40th dis strict, Rowan ; the 42d dolplr; the 39th district, trict, Stok-es ; the 41st d district, Davidson : the a3d district, Surrv; the 4 4th district, Wilkes and Ashe ; the 45th district, Btsrkei and Yancy ; the 46th district, Lincoln "; the 47th district,Tre(Jell the 4Sth district, Ruth- erfordfithe 40th district ,' Buncombe, Haywood and Macon: and :thel 50th district Mrrklenhnrrr - each district to be entitled to one Senator. y 2. Until the first session of the General As-' sembly after the year eighteen hundred and for ty -one, the Houses of Commons shall be composed of members ejected from! the counties in the fol lowing manner, viz: The counties of Lincoln and Orange shall elect four members each. '.The counties of Burke, Chatham, Granville, Guil ford, Halifax, Ire-dell, "Mecklenburg, Rowar, Rutherford, Siirry, Stckes and Wake shall elect three members eacln The counties of Anson, Beaufort, Bertie, Buncombe, Cumberland, .Cra ven, Caswell, Davidson Duplin, Edgecombe, Franklin, Johnston, Montgomery, New Hanover Northampton, Person, Pitt, Randolph, Robeson, Richmond' Rockingbam, Sampson, ( Warren, Wayne and Wilkes shall elect two members each. The counties of Ashe, Bladen," Bruns wick, Camden, Columbus, Chowan, Currituck, Carfer.it, Cabarrus, Gates, Greene, Haywood, Hertford, Hyde,! Jones,; Lenoir, Macon, Moore, i -Martjn, Nash, Onslow, Pasquotank; Pel , Tvrrell, Washington and Yancy shall rquimons, elect one memoer eac n i SUCTION o. . & 1. Each member-of the Senate shall have usually resided in the district for which he is cho sen for one year immediately preceding his elec tion and far the same time shalbhave possessed and continue to possess in the, district which he represents no less than three hundred acres of land in fee. ; I 2. All free men of the age of twenty one years, (except as is herein after declared) who have been inhabitants of any one district within the State twelve months immediately preceding the day of any flection, and possessed of a free hold within the same district of fifty jac res' ofland for six inonlhs next before and at the day of elec tion, shall be entitled to vote for a member of the Senate. ;; ; .-: ' ' & 3 No free Negro, free mulatto, or free per-, son of.mixed blood, descended from' negroknees j.tors to the 4th generation inclusive, (though one ancestor ot each generation may have been a while person. shall vote for members of the Sen ate cr House of Commons. SECTIOX 4 VI. In the election of all officers- whose ap- pointment is Comerred on the General Assembly by the Constitution, the vote shall he, viva voce. 1 & 2. The General; Assembly shall haverpower to pass laws regulating the mode of appointing and removing Militia officers. ; ! 3. The General Assembly shall have power to pass general laws regiilafing divorce and ali mpny, but shall hot have power to grant a divorce or secure alimony in any I individual case. . j 4. The General Assembly shall not have power to pass any .private law, to alter the name of any person, or to legitimate any persons not born m lawfu vyedlock, or to restore to 'the rights of citizenship any person convicted of an infa mous crime; but shall have power to pass gene ral laws regilating the same; J - 5. The General Assembly shall not pass any private law, unless it shall be made to appear that thirty days notice of application to pass su:h law shall have been given, under s,uch directions and in such manner aYshall be prpyided by law. ' 6. The General Assembly shall meet bien nially, andiat eachbiehnial session shall elect, by joint vote of tt e two Houses, a Secretary of Staie, Treasurer an 3 Council of State, who shall con tinue in office for the term of two years. ", ARTICLE II. . ; "wv. V j. .s "i. The Governor shall be chosen by the qual ified, voters for the members of the House of Com mons, at such time and places as members of the ueneral Assembly are elected. ; - i ,2. He sha I hold his office for the term of two years from the time of his installation, and until tinother shall j be elected and qualified ; but he shall not be eligible more than four years in any term of six years. . ,'; .;,', ;.: . 3. The returns of every election) for;Goveirnor shall be sealed up and transmitted to the seit of Government, by the returning officers, directed to the Speaker of the Senate, who shall open and publish them in the presence of a majority of the membersofboti Houses of the General Assembly. The person having the highest number of voles, shall be Governor ; but if two or more shall he e oual arid hiffhest in votes, one of them shall be chosen Governor by joint vote of both Houses of the General Assembly. ' - - . - i - - : : - . " '. 4 Contested elections for Governor cWii v, determined by .both Houses of the General As sembly, in such manner as shall be prescribld bv law. .; , ' ' , I y 5. The Governor elect shall enter on the du ties of the office on the first day of January next al ter his election, having. previously taken! the paths of office in presence oithe members of both blanch es of the General Assembly, or before he Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, who, in case1, the Governor elect should be prevented from attend ance before the General Assembly by sickness or otner unavoidable cause, is authorised to! adminis ter tne same. ARTICLE III. SECTION 1. y i. me uuvemur, juuges ui iiic oujircme Uourt and Judges of the Superior Courts, and all other officers of this State, (except Justices of the Peace and Militia Officers,) may be impeached for wil fully violating any Article of the Constitution mal administration or corruption. - . ' ! 2. Judgment, in cases of impeachment,, shall not extend further than to removal from office tuid disqualification to hold and enjoy anv office of ho nor, trust, or profit under this State; but the party convicted may, nevertheless, be liable to -imiet-ment, trial,; judgment and punishment according to law. ' j . 3 3. The House of Commons shall have the sole power-of impeachment. The Senate shill have the sole power to try all impeachments : nb person shall be convicted upon any impeachment, unless two-thirds of the Senators present shall concur in such conviction; and before the trial of any im peachment, the members of the Senate sbalfiake an oath or affirmation truly and impartially to try and determine the charge in question according to X i Tkn r . t.. i r.u-C?.. ' ' evidence. 1 section 2. j 1. Any Judcre of the Supreme Court. 6r of the Supeiior Courts, may be removed from office for mental or physical inability, upon a coneurrerit rp- solution of two-thirds of both branches of tihe Gen eral Assembly; The Judge against whom the Legislature may be about to proceed, shall receive notice thereof, accompanied by a eopy of t lib ctfuses alleged for his removal, at least twenty days before the day on which either branch of the; General As- mbly shall act thereon. - '; i 2. The salaries of the Judges of the Supreme Court, or of the Superior Courts, shall noi be di minished during their continuance in office. I ' ,; ' SECTION 3. E ! j Upon the convictiou of any Justice of (he Pearp of any infamous crime, or ot corruption and mal- praeiice in office, the commission of ..suehi Justice ...I. .11 V KXl..V .'.1 I L I t oiian uc uicicuy vatdicu, uuu ne snau ne lorever .K ii;c.n,..... i...i.i: i. . i uiMjuauiitru iiuni iiuiumjj iucn appoinimentL o 1 - SECTION 4. The General Assemb.lv, at its first session afjer le year one thousand eight hundred andl thirtv- riine, and. from time to time theieafter, shall ap point an Attorney General, who shall be eiommis sioned by the Governor, and shall hold lijis office fpr the term of four years ; but if the General As sembly' should hereafter extend the termi durip which toolicitors ot the btate shall hold their of fices, then they shall have power to extend the term ot office of the Attorney General to tl e same period. i ! ARTICLE IV. ' . ' SECTION 1. ' 1. No Convdntion of the People shall ne call-. ed by the General Assembly, unless by the "con currence of two-thirds 'ot all the members of each House of the General Assembly. t " j r 2. No part oT the Constitution of this State shall be altered, unless a Bill to alter the same shall have been read three times in each House bf the General Assembly, ahd agreed to by three-fifths of.the 'whole number of members of each fllou'se respectively ; noushall any alteration take place until the Bill so dgreed.to shall have been publish ed six months previous to a new election of mem bers to the General Assembly. If after such pub lication the alteration proposed by the preceding General Assembly shall be agreed to in the first session thereafter! by two-thirds of the whole repre sentation in eachUlouse of the General Assembllf, after the same shll have been read three times qn three several day in each House then, the said General Assembly shall prescribe a mode by vvhich the amendment qr amendments may be submitted to' the qualified vpters of the House of Coinmois throughout the Sfcte ; and if, upon comparing the .votes given in thefwhole State, it shall appear that a majority of tle voters have approved thereof, then, and not otherwise, the same shall; becbmela pan oi tne ionsti xiuon. . SECTION 2. The thirly-secotid Section of the Gonstilulibn shall be amended to1 read as follows: No person who shall deny thje'being of God, or the truth of the Christian Religion, or the divine authority of the Old ot Neys estament, or who shall hold re ligious principless incompatible with -the freedom or safety of the Slate, shall be capable of holding any omce or piaccroi trust orpront m tne civu ae- parimeni witnin tais oiate.- r SECTION 3. 1. Capitation ax shall be equal throughout the i l X ! ! State upon ail ind&iduals subject to, the same. $ Ji. All tree males over the age oUwenty-or years, and under Ithe age of forty-five years and all slaves over th age of twelve years, and' under the age ot ntty years, shall he subject to capitation tax; and no other jherson shall be subject tot such. tax : provided tnaj notmng herein commeu snai preveui eaeiupnuui ui laxiiuie puin aa prescribed by law n cases of bodily infirmity, 1 ' ;': (section "4. -,- ofore V. 4 . No ncrson who lhall hold nv office or place of . ... i - i trust or profit under the United States, or any de partment thereof, ox under this State, or any (Other State or Government, shall hold or exercise any other office or place of trust or' profit under the aif thorily ol this Stite, or be eligible to a seat in ei- 'ik.tU .rl-f 1 i .kltr Prnvwlorl' thai nothins: hereia contained shall extend to offi tact iiuusc ui ms svirenerai issciuuj . cer in the Militia br Justices of the Peace., j ; i Ratified in Contention, the llu day of July 1835. ! 1 NATH'L MACON, President. Edmund B. Freeman, ' ; Secretary of the Convention. , Joseph D. Waro, : . ' ' Assistant Secretary-- ; ORDINANCES OF THE CONVENTION, j For carrying iriti effect the Amendments to the Constitution recerAly framed by the Convention : Be it ordainid and declaredf by the Members of this nnr.ventinnMn Convention assembled, and .'it is hereby ordekned by Ihe authority, of the sanic, That the Amendments to the Constitution of this State, adopted by -this Convention, be sub mitted by the Governor to the people, on the 2nd Monday in November next, thirty days notice be ing given and that the polls be opened by the re spective Sheriffs, and kept open for three "days, at the several election precincts in each and every county in the State, under the same rules and re"- gulations, as now exist, for the election cf mem bersto the General Assembly. That the said She alter, to the Covemor of the State. That all nel t a. 'r sons qualified to vote for Members of the House of Commons, may vote for or against a ratification of the amendments. Those who wish a ratification of the amendments, voting with a printed or writ ten Ticket " Jiatijication" those of a conttary opinion, " liejection." , f Further, That it shall be the duty of the She riffs to make duplicate statements ofthepoiN in their respective counties, sworn to before the (Jlerk of the County Court ; one copy of which shall -be deposited in said Clerk's Office,"and the oilier copy transmitted to the Governor of the State at Ra leigh. Jie it further onlahud by the authority of the same, That when the returns aforesaid shall have been received, the same shall be opened by the Governorin the presence of the Secretary of Stan and Treasurer, and in case a majority of the nual- C ft .1 r 1 it r . mi.u vuicis vnne liouse oi commons shall be in favor of a ratification of the amendments, the same shall be forthwith made known by a Proclamation' of the Governor to the people of the; State. And thereupon, the amended Consfitut:on shall be signed by the Governor, and his signature atuhen tieated by the Great Seal of the State of North Carolina, as an evidence of its havingbeen ratified by the people, and then filed in the office of Secre tary of State. e it further ordained by the authority afore said, That the amendments'thus ratified shall take effect, and be in force, from and after the 1st day of January, A. U., 1S36: Provided, however, that the Gov ernor in office shall continue to exercise his functions to the full end and term of the'iime for which he shall have been elected. Be it further ordained, That in the event of the amendments being ratified by the people then, and in that ease, the election for Governor shall take place at the same time, in July and August next that an election for members of the General As sembly shall beheld; and that it shall be the duty of the respective Sheriffs,, to open polls at their va rious election precincts for a Governor,. and to make duplicate statements of the polls in their re spective counties, sworn to before ihe Clerk of the County Court one copy of which shall be depo sited in said Clerk's Office, and the other copy sealed and transmitted to the Secretary of State, and by him shall be; laid before the members of the next General Assembly, on the first day of their meeting, and the same shall be opened and counted in tne presence oi Doth liouses. The per son haying the greatest number of votes shall be the Governor elect ;; provided, however, that hebe constitutionally eligible. In case two or more have an cqial number of votes, or in case the person having the greatest number, be not qualified, then and in that case, tlnj General Assembly shall pro ceed to elect by joint ballot. - From the Salem (Massachusetts) Landmark. CEO LOGY. Mr. Silliman began his sixth lecture, by alluding to the comparative littleness of our Globe, when viewed in connection with other parts of the solars system ; and then referied to the late volcanic erup tions on the Isthmus of Darien, as they had been reported in the newspapers. One was at Omao ; the other was at Guatimala, which is said to have been heard at the. distance ol a thousand miles. He said it was very probably there were volcanic eruptions at the west and south of our region, and the cause of our not having them here might be the greater thicknessof the crust of the earth on which we were permitted to live. For proof that Coral contains animal matter, he mentioned that in burn ing it a smell would be produced like that from the decomposition of animal matter in the fire. The transition rocks he. represented as being less crys talized than. the Primary. The lecturer then procee ded to the .Coal forma tion which he mentioned as interesting in every respect. It was an evidence of goodness on the part of the Creator.; He had furnished it for fuel in cold countries where it was not needed, and where no other could be had. Mr. Silliman glan ced at the combubtibilities in the world ; at the diamond which is the same with charcoal," 'except its being ciystalized ; at sulphur which is the result of volcanic action ; : at bitumen and asphaltj at pe troeum which is. exceedingly common in the west ern states, arid which, wherever it rises, indicates coal beneath; He referred also to jhe Pitch lake in the Island of Trinidad, which'fiirnishes pitch for the English-Navy. A Naptha he considered as purified petroleum, arid it is the only substance under which potasium can be preserved. Naptha is found around the Caspian Sea) and in the Burman Em pires;' ..- H. - : , " . r- .The position ofcoaUie said was two miles be low the surface of the earth. The distance is esti mated by the strata of rocks and their inclination. -ljy this is meant,-not that the coal really lies so far beneath the surface, as in some instances i it is found near or at the surface j but that theologically speakingits bed is placed, in connexion with-formations whose positions are above it, at that dis tance in the interior j so that if all the upper layers were actually arranged one above the other where coal is found, it t ould be about two miles from the top. ; ; . -i V l - v ; .; "i.- . , .Plants, trees, arid lignite are found, from three hundred and fifty to four hundred leet below the surface of the earthC Vegetation goes on in some instances even below the coal. In' the neighbor hood of Cincinnati trees are found buried twenty and thirty-feet below the surface. These are real wood, not being petiified in the least degree. The inferrence from this fact is, that region was once swept by a tremendous torrent of waters, which buried up whole forests. Mr. Silliman exhibited a specimen of a beautiful tree from Hungary which had been converted into siliceous matter. He said the water in which .the tree had heen placed, must have contained siliceous matter desolved, and hence that kind of petrilaction. The Island of Antigua abounds with fossils. - The professor spoke bf a Mr.Witham,a gentle tie man of Edinburg, who devised a"nd put in op eration an interesting process, by. which he .was enabled to ascertain the genus of petrified trees. There is a sand-stone quarry near the city of Edin burg, down which at the distance of seventy feet has heen discovered a petrified tree, sixty feet in lerigthf and between five an,d spr in" diameter at ruia oe required to compare and certify the results of the elections, on or before the Monday follow ing, and -transmit the same in twentv dnvs thprr. j j the base. Mi. William cut ofTsliccs from this tree cemented them on glass, and then ground them ; from which operation he could ascertain thestrue- 'Ure .of the Original lrni. Hp fnnnfl hv pvnmln. tion that it belonged to the family of cone beating tree, such as the fur a niation. ! vOal li Vl af05ll nnltir TIfal ilar.ts nro r,iml aw ' embedded therein; end trees and leaves in entire expansion. The greater parts of the coal forma-' tion is inade 'up of soft and succulent plants ; yet there! are sixty or seventy feet in height, and two and three feet in diameter. In Pennsyivauia, thrc' are whole piles of mountains made np of plant. -lhejCoal in tie state cf Ohio exhibits a vegelalle strucfure. Geologists nowbelieve that coal has a vegetable origin. Anthracite is considered -a older1 than bitumen. ; The geological structure of rhe eon', formation is simple, as was seen from a beautiful drawing of Jjj al.,ey o0yyon,i0 exhibited bv Mr. Sillitaau: There is the shale-rock, then sandstone," and then coal i ith an occasional mixture of iron. ' A dike of tray sometimes cuts the coal asunder, when one side of the 'oal h raised much higher than the other. Marks of violence are traced in the coal re gions j . i In turning, anthracite will not flame, vet bitu men will.. Lignite, of the structure of wood, is an terior lo the basaltic columns of Ireland, and will burn. J Lituminous limestone frequently accompa nies coal.! In quantity, the coal of Pennsylvania exceeds any other in "the world. There are Led in thaf state ofihreeand four hundred feet in depth. There is no anthracite beyond the Alleghany.- The coal in the Valley of the Mississippi is bitu men, where there is an immense basis of it. Peat is formed upon the surface cf the coal. It is from "vegetable action that goes'on in the moss ol" marshes. The toots of the mossess die and be come peat, while the shoots rise upward and flour ish. : j New England is not a coal region ; because it. rock3 are of the granite family, which do not cou tain coal, unless in a very limited quantity. If is therefore vain to search for coal mines in this sec tion of the country. Coal is not to be found in tropical regioris where it is not wanted ; but in cold climate, even in Baffin's Bay and Melville Island, v , j Mr. Silliman mentioned it as a singular fact that the plants which had been formed into coal were tropical ; arid vastly larger than any in existence. His reasoning from this'fact was, that the tempera ture of the world was once tropical, from the great prevalence of internal heaU He supposed it toliave been once hot enough to sustain trobical plants at the poles, i Yet-on this supposition the heat of the' equator might i hot have been intolerable to veg etable life, as from the motion of the earth on its axis, and its plastic nature, its crust might have been much thicker at the equator than towards the poles. ; j I : 1 ' In the burying of such masses of vegetable mat ter and. in- their formation into coal, there must have been,an alternate prevalence and subsiding of water, arid also a long period of time. Moun tains are nw piled upon these formations. , Plumbago, or black lead, is very nearly caibon with a little earthy matter ; Mr. Silliman said he was in doupt whether it was of vegetable origin. Amber becomes electiified by rubbing, and is of vegetable origin. It contains pints and insects, and was one probably a juite which attracted in sects as honey does flies. TnE DISTILLER'S COW. A story was related to us a few days since. which furnishes some occasion, for apprehension that the ravages of Intemperance are about to be extended in a new direction. The cow of a cer tain distillel was found acting strangely. She tossed about her head, snuffed with lier nose, pawed with! her feet, and drove about the pre mises like) one "furiously mad' . What the matter should be, no one; could imagine. The workmen attempted to secure her, but she broke away fronijthem, shook hcT horns spitefully at every living being that approached, her.till final ly tlity were all compelled to retreat for safety to the top of ja pig styiear by, leaving her in un disturbed possession of the coast. Her owner thinking sh might have been bitten by a mad animal,' ponied a pail of water down before her to see how that would effect her nerves. But shc did not mind it at all. She was well acquainted with cold witeq and knew that it would not harm her. ' They began to think the creature was actually possessed, and were perhaps "suspi cious that sc me of Deacon Giles' workmen had come down' o seek employment. At length the mystery wa: i cleared up. It seems a pailful! cV" the slops from the distillery had been left expos-. ed, the cow gotataste of trie; article and happen- ingtolike iChad taken a little too much. In true tipler styler she in consequence of her hard drinking, gew .very insolent -and pugnacious,. . blustering' and showing fight at every thing that x passed by; -'IShe at length cooled offand become quiet How she lias been affected since; and whether she seemed, ashamed of her conduct, like the 44 sensible hog" we heard of lately, we are not infonhed.j But one thing we would ear nestly request, that is, that our gentlemen distil lers would be careful where they put their slops Enough to poison the human species. Do be careful howl you degrade the habits and cor- rupt tne morals oi tne oeasts. l emperanec Ad vocate. L MODESTY. t Frill mnnlr n fern of nurest rav serene. The dark untathom'd caves of ocean bear j Full many a flow'r is born to blush unseen, And waste its fragrance in the desert; arr. " It is so in nature. In my boyhood, I observed m a remote and jobscure part of my Fathers farm a flower whic-h 1 called a lilyit was not th com mon meadow lily usually cultivated in gardens it was not as fallasthat-butm my csUmation it was much more beautiful. - When V read m the scriptures of the roses of Sharon and the lily of the valley it reminded me of my favorite flower and I wasdisposed t6 denominate it the lily of the valley, Since that time, I have seen; many flowers in bota nic gardens and the houses of the rich in splendid cities which wjere cultivated with reat care, and were much extolled on account of their beauty and fragranee, but among all the number, I have never seen my unpretending lily of the valley. L. :!f !. 1 1 1 mere, i suppope;ii n live at an, wijcjc mj nd nme. Such trees are i ound in sandstone below the coal formation. From ( these lacts it S inferred that pine trees grew on the earth at a period prior to that cf the ccal-for- - ' - r i
The Biblical Recorder (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
July 29, 1835, edition 1
1
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