Cape Cod Becomes
National Seashore Park
The Pilgrims, casting anchor
in a Cape Cod harbor in 1620,
found the country of such “wild
and savage heiw” that they
sought a more hospitable place
to land.
Now, nearly three and a half
centuries later, Congress has
created Cape Cod National Sea
shore to preserve unspoiled sec
tions of the Cape’s superb beach
es, dunes and moors, rivers and
ponds.
The Cape becomes the only Na
tional Seashore outside North
Carolina. It lies within a day’s
drive of 50 million Americans,
most of whom live in metropoli
tan areas that become more crow
ded every year.
The 27,000-acre park extends
mostly along the surf-battered
eastern side of the Cape. But at
two places on the narrow, 65
mile peninsula, it touches the
quiter waters of Cape Cod Bay.
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The peninsula is steeped in
historical significance. Remnants
of an ancient ship, perhaps of
Hiking original, have been un
covered. Hundreds of handsome
homes, centuries old, dot the
countryside.
Glaciers deposited the material
for the Cape’s varied scenery in
ages past. Winds and waves
sculptured it into its present-day
form and added the sand tip.
The heart of the newly created
Seashore is Great Beach, which
basks in the Atlantic sun for 39
majectic miles. Glacier-formed
cliffs tower over the shores, lend
ing an air of wildness to the
scene.
Children romp and roll down
steep sloping dunes. Skiers prac
tice in the powdery sand for the
winter months ahead. Some dunes
are on the move; one road must
be cleaned each year where a
.neighboring giant is intruding.
Behind the dunes and cliffs a
narrow strip of forest and mea
dow gives some idea of how
New England looked in colonial
times. Small fresh-water ponds
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Patent Office Celebrates
125 Years Of Progress
when the United States Patent
Office was set up in 1836, the
steam locomotive’s lonely whistle
was just beginning to be heard
across the land.
This year, on its 125th anni
versary, satellites circle the earth,
and scientists test vehicles which
they hope will take man to the
moon.
Between the eras of rail and
space, the American patent sys
tem has given order and direction
to the nation’s inventive talents,
says the National Geographic
Society. By adding “the fuel of
interest to the fire of genius”
(Lincoln), it has sparked countr
less industries and helped build
an unparalleled standard of liv
ing.
Research System Created
A special Government bureau
was created to pass on the use
fulness and novelty of inventions
and processes. For the first time,
an official search of “prior arts”
was required before granting pa
tents.
left by retreating ice sheets
sparkle in a setting of water
liles, rushes, and sweet pepper
bushes.
To the north, woodlands follow
the Herring River, haunt of
muskrat and mink. To the west,
forests give way to health and
marsh where wild geese and
ducks feed.
Gosnold Found No Gold
The Cape reaches out toward
Europe like a beckoning arm. In
1602, explorer Bartholomew Gos
nold, who wished to “found a
colony in some agreeable spot,
preferably where gold was abun
dant,” dropped anchor in what is
now Provincetown Harbor. He
discovered no gold but named the
Cape for its abundant schools of
codfish.
The Pilgrims almost settled
there. They made their first land
ing off the future site of Pro
vincetown in 1620, but found the
climate too rigorous. The Ply
mouth area, sheltered from At
lantic storms by the peninsula,
appeared more hospitable.
The tip of the Cape suggests a
clenched first, and it has known
war. Not only did it see action
during the Revolution; the onlj
World War I shells to fall on
United States soil exploded on
the beach at East Orleans. These
shells were the calling cards of
a German submarine.
But though this method of
handling patents was new, they
had been issued in America from
early Colonial times. In 1641, the
Massachusetts General Court ap
proved a patent to Samuel Win
slow for a new way of making
salt.
Five years later, a scythe
manufacturer, Joseph Jenkes, re
ceived the continent’s first ma
chine patent, for equipment used
in his water-driven mill.
The Founding Fathers of the
independent nation encouraged
inventiveness as an essential aid
to development. Benjamin Frank
lin and Thomas Jefferson them
selves made notable contributions,
as Franklin’s lighting rod and
stove and Jefferson’s efficient
soil-turning plow testify.
Written into the Constitution
was the provision that “Congress
shall have Power-. . to promote
the Progress of Science and use
ful Arts by securing for limited
Times to Authors and Inventors
the exclusive Right to their re
spective Writings and Inventions.”
Congress passed its first pa
tent act in 1790. It gave the
United States the distinction of
leading all other countries in
recognizing an inventor’s legal
right to profit from his labor.
Grew by Trial and Error
To administer the law, the Sec
retary of State Attorney Gen
eral, and Secretary of War con
stituted a three-man board
charged with passing on the merit
and priority of applications. Nat
urally enough, these top Govern
ment leaders found little time
to devote to the techniealities of
individual patents.
In 1793 a second act dropped
the merit requirement in favor of
a “registration” system under
which practically anyone with
a drawing and a fee could Ob
tain a patent.
The result was confusion, dup
lication, and litigation that ended
only in 1836 with the adoption of
the present system. The new
policy called for numbering, ex
amining, and recording applica
tions. Appropriately, the first pa
tent went to Maine’s Senator
John Ruggles, who had led in the
reform bill's passage.
Senator Ruggles’ invention, de
signed to add traction to railway
locomotive wheels, was a sign of
the times. From then on, as the
railroads stitched an expanding
country together, the patents filed
in Washington recorded America’s
drive toward industrial pre
eminence.
Before 1836, Eli Whitney's cot
ton gin and Cyrus McCormick’s
grain reaper began pouring gen
erous harvests into the maw of a
vigorous agricultural economy.
Afterward came the scientific dis
coveries and tools that made the
great modem industries possible.
Revolutions in living and work
ing followed the introduction of
Morse’s telegraph, Bell’s tele
phone, Edison’s incandescent lamp,
phonograph, and movie projector.
Eras was born with the trolley
car, horseless carriage, and fly
ing machine; with new ways to
treat rubber, make celluloid, and
shape glass; with the sewing ma
chine, typewriter, cash register,
linotype, dynamo—and zipper.
3,000,000 Patents Awarded
In the 20th century, inventions
have grown increasingly -complex
and numerous. Few patents grow
out of experiments in backyard
workshops. Advances in electron
ics, atomic energy, medical and
industrial chemistry, and (space
exploration, require teams of
scientists working together in the
superbly equipped laboratories of
universities, corporations, and the
Government.
Before 1900, fewer than 70,000
patents were granted. On Sept
ember 12, 1961, the 3,000,000th
came into being with special cere
monies at the Patent Office. Pa
tent No. 3,000,000, a magnetic de
vice for rapid processing of
checks, had been pending for six
years.
The time lag underscores both
the intricacies of modem appli
cations (the longest to date was
266 pages of text and 364 draw
ings), and the problems that face
patent examiners in coping with
the flood.
For the inventor will go on in
venting. “You may- give him
wealth or you may take from
him all that he has,” said Alex
ander Graham Bell before the
Patent Congress of 1891. “But he
can not more help inventing than
he can help thinking or breath
ing.”
Inhabitants of the island of
Tiree in the Inner Hebrides walk
in a curious manner supposedly
recognizable anywhere in Scot
land. The islanders develop a
shambling angle of approach by
fighting to stay upright against
the wild westerly gales that sweep
Tiree.
State Road Force
Completes Projects
Highway Commissioner Lauch
Faircloth reports the completion
of three rDad improvement pro
jects in Brunswick- and New Han
over Counties during the month
of November.
In Brunswick County, state
forces stabilized these roads: 2.6
miles Dogwood Neck Road, Loop
Road from SR 1426 to SR 1426
near Phoenix; and 3.5 miles Bob
Stanly Road, from US 17 to SR
402 (Piny Grove Road).
State Forces in Brunswick and
New Hanover Counties have com
pleted the following project: 0.5
mile channelization and improve
ment of intersection, alBo widened
and resurfaced SR 1442, from US
17-74-76 to entrance to parking
areas for USS North Carolina.
To maintain their continuing
programs to improve company
owned forests, the 73 primary
pulD and paper mills in the South
■pent a total of $34 million during
ltf60.
PENNSYLVANIA
Seven days a week there is free guide service through
the State Capitol at Harrisburg. A feature of most tours is
the State Historical Museum. Special tours can be arranged
through the Treasury, Education and other buildings of the
Capitol group. On the beautiful Susqu’ehannd River, Har
risburg’s attractions also include the River Pari, Italian
Gardens and Sunken Gardens. Hershey with its chocolate
factory, rose gardens and amusement parks is not far
away.
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