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BSUED WEEKLY.-.
PRINCIPLES, NOT 11HN
$2.00 A YEAR IN ADVANC3
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volume XLTI1
Aisebora, Nwth Cwli.TrKUy. Ortobtc 11. la
NUMBER 44
,,.ifi vrw.TlM -ATTRACTION:-
0? SEASON NEXT WEDNESDAY
The first Lyceum attraction f tit
ui h inreaented at the court
, 5s -It ia the Trouba-
1S a varied one, made p of ainjrln,jW. P. church
mstrumenUl music, ana jmpersona
tions. It cornea highly recommended.
IX A. SWAIM DIES ' '
AT OLD HOMESTEAD
of MrarD. A. ' Swaira
home of her eon, C.
liaiboro Monday
at Cray Chapel
esdav. The de
ceased waa 94 old. and several
days before her oV Sustained a fall
. ii v h MiM of th n. from which aha neAr recovered. She
,i tiekelL The1 program will begin, the daughter of the late James A.
, R-sodoekT J- x ' Ma wnrived by one brother,
Ae Wwnan'i dub and K. P.'Vof A, OdelL of tJreensboro.-aJso two
the town are behind- the CLyeeum ; nd one aaajfrtarv- She was a
course, and we feel safe to saying Pndid woman, of Chitian charac
hat tneyjare also hacked by evs:t. and for-78 years -had" been a
man womafi"and child who is interest-! member of the church at Grays Chap
ed Si briSg better class, of enUr-Tf held the dtetinetion of being the
,r twn. For Rome time member of the church.
,Ter. haT- been ' considerable talk ' SP Y married.-. Her first
wainst the carnival, and lent r show iktfomoiirogdoa and to
KtpuuBv ..rf.,' i mA w'thir. anion were-Jborn-twe aonj.W. p.
co'mtag of th;Tycmerse-wm oWfe kesberoWc
abU each persoiwho staddsfor the Trogdon, with whom she made her
better clasTof entertainment to lend Her second husband was Josh-
wnr.tion and presence. There. 5 daughter, Mrs. C
' Zl.- A. J.: -I
The Facts About )
State Taxation
F. Sherrill, of Greensboro, was born.
& jits, swaim was one of the oldest
residents of Randolph county, and had
are many people in .the town : nd
county who are capable of appreciat-
claWtaW, and many are eointag to r"
he front and, helping the committees of her death, vShe was born in
by buying season tickets;' Let all , W f tomestead. the eamte
tnH hv these organisations that arelnwne which 8h? ded-
doing this for the good of the town ??a. ftm mamage she
and lee that they lose no money. They , J J Rth1 60 m? k1'
f fm . ! moved back, to the old Odell home-
I.: n4-&lnninf Kllf OlTlAnlv fa VlDUO BvC&Qa
IIULIUIIK OMUlUWHIh WW IMHIMI w unw, m, m . , - , -
five good entertainments in our town lunerai services were neia yes-
.L.rinV -hi. rominir season. Let them ,rdy at II o'clock at Gray's Chapel
during the coming season.
have our support.
Hon. Josephus Daniels, former sec-
interment following in the cemetery.
retary of the navy, will speak at 7:00' ENGLAND REJECTS PRO-
o'clock, just before the presentation1
of the Lyceum program.
POSAL TO SEARCH VESSELS
OUR RALEIGH LETTER
I In a note to the state department,
, October. 13, Great Braitain rejectB the
proposal for a treaty to extend the
(By Llewxam.) right of search of vessels up to 12
Raleigh, October . 17. Today, Gen- miles off shore. The note was in re
the commanding raneral I ply to a communication from Secretary
of the armies of the United States and I Hughes relating to .the enforcement
hare the truest of the of prohibition laws. The American
State Fair. The widespread news that note dealt particularly with smuggling
he would be at the state capital on) operations from British possessions in
TYc-tlty of fair weekserYeu to attract waters aajacent to we American coasu
thousands of visitors from many coun
ties and towns of the state as well as
It was Dro Dosed that an international
agreement between the United States
a number of people from outside oflnd 'Great Britain under which the au,
inqtnuea ox cacn nttuuu wutuu uc au
thorized to exercise beyond the three-
mile limit of territorial waters a meas
ure of control overN vessels belonging
to the other.
North Carolina. It is a great spec
tacle that is being pulled off here,
troops from Camp Bragg in the pa
rade came over Sunday. Today,
therefore, the opening day of the an
nual state fair is the greatest Toes
day in the history of fair weeks, for
sixty-one years back.' .
Wednesday' and Thursday and Fri-f
day of this week wU be given over
strictly to state fair business, : and
MISS VERA TURNER MAR
RIES GREENSBORO
MAN
A weddini: of unusual beauty and
simplicity was solemnised Sunday
Those who have ohserved the course - of the political
campaign for the 'past week or so wilt be agreea in the
opinion that the Republicans, who have undertaken to
make an issue of taxation in North "Carolina, are scoring
small progress. They should be rnaking none. Indeed, as
the people come into a better knowledge of the facts, the
rvepuDiican enaeayor win prove xapwnary ai me pous.
Before we get further into the arguxnent about state" tax
ation it is well that a clear and pointed statement of exact
fact should "be made; The discussion about revaluation is
superfluous. That could not be an Issue, for revaluation
is a aeaa law. iei us inaKtr unci Buiitmary :
ii i ne revaiuanon law is noi operative m wie otaie oi
North Carolina, nor is the standard oft value fixed under
it in existence, except in the few pases where county
boards have decided not to reduce it.,;
Under the Morrison administration the revaluation act was practically
nullified. The values assessed were set aside" and the whole matter turned
back to the county boards for reassessment. . Values were reduced from the
revaluation standard from 15 to 60 per cent in the majority of counties.
These valuations were fixed not by the state but by the local boards. The
taxes the people are paying now are not the taxes levied under revaluation,
but by their own boards. s . . ;
2. The Republican design in undertaking to hold the
Morrison administration responsible or revaluation has
no ground upon which to stand. The law was in opera
tion when the JMomson admimstratipn came in.
The revaluation law was nassed under the Biakett administration. It had
the cordial support of The Observer, because it1 was founded upon the prin
ciples of exact equalization and was only wtrying out the provision of the M nanseis namp :R onM
constitution, which requires that all property; be assessed at its market . every part of civiHzed earth w
HON
JOSEPHUS DANIELS 'Randolph county man
DIES AT HIGH POINT
;..iitn.:. iiVlil'l.lilUlnii.liI
The death of John Farlow, a picyteer
itisen of High Point, which occurred
at his residence there last Saturday,
is learned in this county with regret.
Mr. Farlow died suddenly from aeart
failure.
Mr. Farlow wag 77 years o d on
September 6. He was. born a-ul pe-i.
his boyhHKl in Randolph county but
nii w mgti riufiv ij yea.: Ago,
for many years conducting one of the
largest grocery stores in the city.
He retired from active business fame
years ago and since had lived quietly
in his home. He was an exemplary
citizen and held the respect and es-
(tem of a wide circle of friends.
Mr. Farlow was for years a irvMn
jer of Marlboro Friends church in thij
county, surviving him are three sons
and four daughters scattered in vari
ous places throughout the United
States. One daughter, Miss Mamie
Farlow, lives at High Point.
COLORED PEOPLE WILL
HAVE FAIR AT SILER CITT
HON JOSEPHUS DANIELS
WILL SPEAK HERE OCT.
25
The colored people of this section
of the state are going to have a fair
at Siler City on November 2, 3, 4.
From reports the colored people are
expecting to have a splendid time and
the colored people of all this section
will attend. One of the big features
will be a big cake walk every night
Big prize is offered for the .winners
and many contestants will try for
prizes.
Hon. Josephus Daniels, former sec
retary of the navy, will address the
courthouse in Asheboro on the even-PLANS GOING FORWARD
ing of Wednesday, October 25, at 7:00
o'clock.
FOR NEW M. P. COLLEGE
state
value.
r or ine nrst time in its nistory me state was piaceu in uccora wiui m commune with
1- A 1 '
its own constitution in the matter of taxation.' .But the revaluation act went I . v o oij h,-., board of trustees of the M. P. College
into operation ai an unfortunate time.. The assessments were made at the-world as a man of information, i wch 18 5eig e,recifd ,"e1a,r Hi
period when there was inflation in values and in many instances the valua- 0 finest intelligence of unimoeach-' ' an Mrs- J- M- Milhkan, of
tions were admittedly too high. This situation was met by the present ad-'aDie inteeritv an unexcelled exeru- reensDoro' was elected secretary.
At a meeting Inaf TTtwIom in r...
n in i " - - j vjtccuo-
wheli1 001:0 Rev- R- M- Andrews, of Greens-
wiu, waa cictueu cnairman oi ine
ministration in the manner stated. A reassessment of all nrooerties was or- U: u. u i .v. . i ror tne next-year Mr. Andrews will
dered and wherever the local boards chose to do so, values were reduced. The fare at tne miHiona of American bovs I ave CW1"?;6 of the business and finan-
reduction in Mecklenburg county amounted tos25 per cent. to th World War who ' nnHpr,wal "Otters of the college. It was
those will will swarm here to see the morning at 10:45 at the home of Dr.
ibits, stock lJ, tpiyde Tomer, when MJsa Vera
3. Governor Morrison is no more responsible for the his charge, were landed' in 'France
operations of the revaluation law than would have been
Mr. Gardner or Mr. Page had either! been elected.
The Observer would be giving either Gardner or Page the same defense
it is giving Governor Morrison, because the defense is just, and right and in
accord with the popular conception of fair play. :
4 The people continue, largely force of habit,
speaking of "State and County" taxes,' while there is no
such coupled interest. '
When the-taxpayer takes out his receipt afthe courthouse, it is for the
county 'taxes levied by the local board, and for county purposes alone. The
state gets not one dollar of it, for the counties "now pay the state no tribute.
magnificent agricultural exhibits,
display, fine horse races and v manu
facturing exhibits, as well as to be
amused without being robbed by fak
ers and .other -swindlers, can come by
the thirty . thousanqV tutamd R' be
accommodated, The fair grounds and
parking space will let you all in. :
Eighty Dollars and Costs.
An unusual action in superior court
here was that by which Judge Lyon
at the instance of Solicitor Norris pen
alized a witness, one of . the most
prominent gentlemen in. the state and
a leading banker, because ne was not
nresent in court when the case in
which he was summoned as a witness
was heard. Mr. Thomas E. Cooper, of
Wilmington, explained that he came to
D .. 1 ; l. . I anA n Amtr A furn hAVA
firvt of court week, but being given moved to Greensboro.
to understand that the case woul not
be heard till late in the week he re
turned to his home and business with
the intention of returning in time.
The case was called while he was away
and the penalty waa imposed, despite
the excuse offered by the witness.
Turner became the iride of Mr.-JoW
seph'Watta. ,
'- "'Mlaa Turner 'wn a lovelv midniarht
blue poiret twM uit with hvowax ao;
ese,OiayCW 'vTrwnno
relattvea-were, present Mrev- Watts
is charming young lady, and1 has for
the past few years held a position
with the Southern Life and "Trust
Company. Mr. Watts is a very prom
ising young business 'man, of Greens
boro, connected with the firm of
Watts brothers. Mr. and Mrs. Watte
left immediately for the western part
of the state. AfterV their return they
will be at home at 742 West Lee
street.
The bride is the daughter of Mr.
and Mrs. John -Turner, who lived in
Asheboro until a few years ago when
Whether the eountv tax is hisrh or low. it is the business of the county the finest orators in America, will make istration honks remain nnon
state is hands off . ,In this is Established the ver essence of local self-govern-' one speech and one speech only in 'dolph county for those who are not
ment. ;r ; ;'V, ' ; ,camPain d that is to be in I registered to qualify for voting in the
' 5.: Not only does the state takevhoMoneys alJ?u,!t hou2eon of November 7. There a
the registration
CLOSE "GAMBLING JOINTS" ' ,
AT GREENSBORO FAlR
Much stir and excitement resulted
lat weeV at the Greensboro fair when
the fair authorities closed the concea-k-ions
at which there was an element
of chance, commonly , known as gamb
ling oints, with prises won upon the
turn of wheel, anoV the carnival peo
ple in retaliation closed every, show on
the grounds. Then disgruntled peo
ple rushed to the fair association of
fice and shouting that they had been
cheated, called for the price of admis
sion. Two hundred people than storm
ed the office of the . fair demanding
. their money back, and making; con-,
Mderable stir, but to no avail.
When the fair authorities ' . turned
out the lights on the rambling eon
cessions, the carnival folks pulled the
Ught switches in all their Unte arid
the plsce wu left In.' darkness,
HON. C. U. HARRIS AT TOE ""
COURT BOUSE LAST NIGHT
Hon. C V; Harris, Judgo": Of the
Reeordert Court of the city of Ral
eigh, and orator of "state wide note,
poke in the court house in Asheboro
te a largo number of town and coun
try people Wednesday night His ad
Jess was got only entertaining, but
"tractive," as he touched upon the
jopjee of vital interest to every one,
both state and national bnhea. : Ile
J1" being sn unusually weJl Informed
Mr. Harris is a most eloquent
2?f?r' "d Ut addr-s was received
; interest and enthunianm. ,
High relnt-Thomaivi:!e IToed.
Monday, 6ctobr5l, t1 5 IV.h Tolnt
masvills rod which hnn been in
"o"e of eongtnirt u,att the past
v1 monU., will be ot -nM to the
jJi " r'""' -'i.'fuf torn-
PWvO now. hut it I. mu f.
the extra ti...i f.-r t 'ronrrr'
Ul?)rdry cit..!) w,.l
Is tlu 'th 8rpat l"J br motorists
DEATH OF EDGAR L. YORK
NEAR CENTRAL PALLS
announced that 'the college will open
September, 1923, Rev. J. F. McCul
loch, of Greensboro, was named chair-
of a committee to draw uo the
without the loss of a single life.
Come and hear him discuss the po-
1 At . LL- A i .L -
wu...., course of study. A committee to se-
present ume. ( sure a "faculty was also appointed.
Immediately following, Mr. Daniels' Only the best educated and capable
speech -the Lyceum performance will 1 instructors will be considered: Their
begin at 8:30.
DR. DELIA DIXON CARROLL
TO SPEAK IN ASHEBORO FRI
DAY NIGHT OF THIS WEEK
Dr. Delia Dixon Carroll, one of the
wugious standing win also be con
sidered as well as mental Nihility.
REGISTRATION BOOKS TO
CLOSE OCTOBER THE 28
This week and next week the rejr-
111 Ran-
Mcr'tbe state hiehwavs. The state Davs for upkeep of 7,- J1" Ssmarcan(! $-go from names are not
ftoTl miloo nf nrl rnorla anrl f he antnrrmWlpS nnv this bnr ri-CT":? bo0,t8- " 18 ut a "ple matter for
vw iuuvo wv .vwvwy ssMvt vsv m v -r-p ca mvjc; Lin vi uie uuaiu ui untxiuia ui them to present them8el
. A.1 A.-- T nMAAer vwwwtn Vv4-vn j1-v11 o th S!nmRrrnnrl in afrit nrinn for wnmpn -a .
in ltS entirety. NO prOperty-OWner COntnbUteS a UOllar., malPn.d institution for women registrars in the several precincts of
Also, it is the tax from incomes, inheritances and corporations that is lOI.w'ucfhe "".V , iV . the county and apply for registra-
buUdine 4ip the great educational institutions of the state providing it with wnXb while in AhXro Sh
we nnest system oi mgnwa a o noted Tom Dixon, Vnj;" wl' s,..,
ier lecturer and author and of I. ciUzen of North CflToh butKit
sGtutions.
Everybody invited. It will
rare treat to hear Mrs. Dixon.
The death of Edgar Lafayette York
occurred at his home near Central
Falls Sunday morning, October 15,
where three generations of Yorks
have lived. Here Mr. York had led an
active and useful life, having finished
his summer's farm work only a. few
hours before he was stricken with
acute B right's disease, passing away
thitty.six hsurs later. Fifty years
aro he was married to Miss Rebecca
Hackett, who with nine children sur
vive. They are a E. York, Central
Falls; Ernest York, Lexington; Frank
York. 1 Central Falls; sirs. J. C.
Woods, Mrs. Claude Herndon and
Mrs. F. C Woods, of Char
lotto; J. Jt York and Mrs, Henry
Pugh. of, this places and George York,
who lives on the York farm. Besides
the children are 23 grandchildren, and
three sisters, Mrs. J. W. Allred, of
Ramseur: Mrs. Lew Wlnningham, of
Central Falls, and Mrs. Dennis Curtis,
rot Randlenuuw ,j :
" Funeral services were held at w
home Monday afternoon by Rot. A. X
Gibbs, ox. Asneooro.' A uuarvex irom
Asheboro M. E: church aang softly
during the service,":
The final services wore held at Giles
Chapel - where a Urge r number of
friends and neighbors had gathered to
pay last tribute of. respect to an
honored friend and dtiseiw ; ' k
X' i :
(Mrs. sUbecca lano FW1& Dead. ;,
.Mra. Rebecca : jane Fields dW'it
the homo of her daughter, Mrs. U P.
Fmit. at Worthville. Monday. October
ie, ago 87 years two months and sisJ
days.' Mrs. fields leaves one son, nr.
John L Fields, of Bonleo, four daugh
ters, Mrs. U P. Foust and Mrs. L. W.
Wise, of Worthville, Mrs. John H.
Routh, of Millboro, R. F. D. and Mrs.
IL T. Curtis, or Julian, R. FD. She
k-avee thirty living gndchUdreti and
seventy great grandchildren. The fu
neral was conducted at the 'i M. P.
churrh, of Worthville, by Rev. H. 8.
H. Thompson, her psntor. yesterday at
11 o'clock, after which burial follow
ed. ' - -
iihe had"Vn a member of Mount
Ibanon M. P. church, of Rsndleman,
for a number of years and always
liyl a connrcrated ChrbiUan Hfo.
solicitor
address the people of Randolph county
at the places and at the hours men
tioned below. Mr. Long is splendidly
posted in political matters as they
now exist in the nation, the state and
in the district and all persons of
w haters political affiliation will find
themselves well repaid for attending
these appointments:
Trinity, Thursday . night October
36.
Liberty, Friday night October 27.
FranklinvUle, Saturday night Oc
tober 28. i
The meetings will be called to order
promptly at 7:30 o'clock at each of
the above appointments.
( Steamer 'Bams at Sea. ' -Much
excitement was 4roused last
Thursday when the steamer dy of
Honolulu was uncovered in names two
days off shore from Los Angeles,
California, The passengers and crew
were 'all aaved in life boats and an
other steamer than answered the dis
tress signal. There were, more than
800 passengers on board at the Urn.
j '. . jf i., .. !
. Judge at Dog, Show la Durhsav
' Mr. C 8. Ridge returned the tatter
part of last week from Durhsm where
he acted as Judge at the dog show
which was a pronounced success. The
Durham papers say Mr. Ridge was the
bent judge who has over served there,
and that the local dog owners ' were
pleased with "him. ' ' ' ' "
-Mr. Ridge says that In point of at
tendance the show Was the biggest he
ever attended. ' t
Mrs, Nettie Alice Moffltt Dice.
Many people in this 'county will re
gret to know of the death of Mrs.
Nettle Alice Moffltt at a hospital ln
Greensboro Monday night She had
been ia 01 health lor a year or more,
but not until within the past few days
had her condition boon considered se
rious,. She was taken to the - hos
pital for an opsntioa from which she
did not recover. She leaves a hus
band. E. A. MoffU and five children
Hobart. LeU, Mamie, Ruth and W0
She is also survived by her moth-
er. Mrs. Mary Brady, of Randolph
county three sisters, Mrs.. Alemete
Ionard and Mrs.- Berdlo Criseo of
Greensboro, and Mrs." Charles Manor,
of Randolph eountyi three brothers,
Jimmio, and M. 1 Brady, of Greens
boro, and ChsriM R, Brady, of kUn
n polls. nerbody was brought to
I'leasant Grove for burial. ; '
be a
HON.
ZEB V. LONG WILL
SPEAK IN THIS COUNTY nation
Remember, the
is
as a
votinir who
are not properly qualified or other
wise to safeguard elections.
' If you don't register you can't vote.
If you can't vote you have no say se
as to whom shall represent you in the
government of your county, your state
registration
Hon. Zeb Vance Long, candidate for I dog, Saturday, October 28, at
licitor of this judicial district, williaown and not 0Dened
If you have a friend or neighbor who
ii ww j. r i x ii ri . sin in i.iio" wiiriiiM . .
naps in me umtea oiaies uiai is uomg an uicbc KiCa ...v u6..
ii -i-i.. i Ji . 4.1 1 tic of the Dixon family.
imngs wimoui levying an auvaiui em uia upun une pcupic.
No burden is imposed upon the average class of property-owners. Not only
that, but under the new law, hundreds of people in, the state pay no taxes
at all, for there is an exemption, written especially for the working people
and the people of moderate circumstances, to the extent of $300. This means
that a person in North Carolina who does not possess in excess of $300 in
property, is not made liable on the tax books.
7. In the face 01 these iacts, it is time ior tne dema
gogue, -seeking to make political capital out of a question
which naturally appeals to the baser prejudices of the
public, to -stand aside and leave the intelligence of the
state to deal with the situation, as it will do in its own
cood way.
L Designing politicians have undertaken to prejudice the State Farmers
Union against Morrison en the score el tne old revaluation iaw. , ine presi
dent of the State Farmers' Union wrote a public letter thanking Morrison
for the bringing about a lower stanaara oi vaiuauon wrougn tne coum;
boards. t
8. We are not claiming perfection for the North Caro-
lina tax lawit is far from that but in its present shape
it will be found, on fair and candid analysis and compari
son, the best system of taxation in the entire country, and
one which other states, having the financial resources of
this stale, would be glad to copy. And those of our people-who
may Jiavethe patience to await -the outcome of
the taxation legislation at the coming session of the gen
eral assembly, will have that patience rewarded by seeing
established new beneficiaries in the state's tax laws.
i Finally, let the fact be clearly understood, that the revaluation act has
no place in the politics of today, for the revaluation act ia not operative, nor
are taxes oemg teviea unaer its provisions, out lor.ca muuiy, wngiy n
separately, and by the homo boards in each county, composed of citirens who
are aunnosed to bo familiar with local values. That ia a brick wall against
which the Republicans may butt their beads ln vain. The Charlotte Observer.
books
sun-
again.
JOINT DISCUSSION OF POLITI
CAL ISSUES BY CANDIDATES
The Democratic and Republican
Candida tea on the county ticket in
cluding the candidates for the state
legislature, senate and house, will
meet in joint debate at tne loiiowing
dates and places:
Seagrove, Thursday evening, Octo
ber 19, at 7:80 o'clock.
Farmer, Saturday evening, October
21, at 7:30 o'clock.
Staley, Monday evening, October
23, at 7:30 o'clock.
EIGHT LEXINGTON CRIPPLES
TAKEN FOR TREATMENT
has not registered, speak to him or
her about it and urge registration.
FRANK LLEWELLYN, NOTlD
AUTOMOBILE THIEF, 11 PRISON
Frank Llewellyn, who was engaged
in dealing in second-hand automobiles
at Lexington and Winston-Salem, is
now in prison in Richmond charged
with being an automobile thief. It is
alleged that Llewellyn is the head of
an organised gang of automobile
thieves and that a large number of
stolen cars thst have been traded
have passed through his hands. It is
believed that the eight stolen cars
which have been recovered in and
around Liberty and the eleven recov
red in Grenesboro have been among
those stolen end traded by his gang.
Detective have been working in the
eases and it is reported that Llewellyn
has confessed to some of the crimes of
which he has been accused.
A man giving hii name as Walter
F. Thomas, alias Hall and a woman
said to be Kate Dillon, alias Ruther
ford, are also in jail. in the Virginia
city, charged with being connected '
with Llewellyn in the theft of various
automobiles.
Eight children who are suffering
from some deformity have been taken
to the Orthopaedic hospital at Gasto
ala. After examining the children, all
of whom were suffering from some
deformity, the nurse and parents were
Informed that practioally lOO per cent
euros could be effected in most of the
eases. ' All the chfldreii will be re
eel red in the hospital lust as soon as
beds can bo procured for them. This
is a great work and the hospital Is
capable of doing vast good to many
of U0 crippled children of the state.
One thousand women from various
sections of the state witnessed the
dedication 'of the handsome new wo
man's building at the Presbyterian
Orphanage home, at Barium 8prtngs
last week, i ,.-. .-
FRUIT STORE AND ICE CREAM
PARLOR IN STEDMAN BUILDING
A popular place is the new
cream parlor and fruit store In
f ted man building between
cafe and Asheboro's new
tag. Mr. E. A. Bee
the fruit depart-
red. who it-
bo ro f-the
bles
ice e
Ia N.
taxes sr.
state Uk
tie, but .
burden of .
ways. The : , , -
this In its 0 ., ; ;.
contributed b,-. ,
Ice
V.
: s
r ! '