Published Tri-Weekly, Tuesday, Thursday and Sunday at 111 Worth Street, Ashe boro, Ran dolph County, N. C. Mrs. Wm. C. Hammer, Publisher and Business Manager. Harrietts Hammer Walker, JBditor. Wm. C. Hammer Estate, Owner. Advertising Rates upon applica tion. SUBSCRIPTION RATES: One Year $2.rr«i»»"dnil W7ASHINGTON. — Mr. Roose ” velt, as he moves toward some action to curb the powers he feels have been usurped by the U. S. Supreme Court, will undertake to show that his attitude toward the ^Constitution is similar ot that of the founding fathers who wrote it, and that members of the court are the ones who have misinter preted that document. In his first message to this Con gress, the president urged all hands to read the constitutional debates. You can do that with surprising results, because the history of the Constitution’s ori gins is still unknown to the great bulk of Americans. Just how interesting such study can be was demonstrated in Washington the other day by Ir ving Brant of the St. Louis Star Times, an authority whose “Storm Over the Consti i tion” is kept handy around thi White House and in other important New Deal offices. • • • F‘ it could be proved that the framers of the Constitution in tended to give Congress the power to establish mercantile monop olies, Brant argued in a speech to the People’s Lobby, it would fol low that the government'had con stitutional power to go far beyond anything found in the New Deal and could even take over the eco nomic life of the nation. No answer to Brant’s effort to prove that government monop olies are constitutional is avail able, because the American Lib erty League, which was asked to send the chairman of its lawyers’ committee or somebody else to debate the point, didn't accept the invitation. Three days before the Consti tution was signed, Brant pointed OPPORTUNITY COUPON GOOD FOR 100,000 EXTRA VOTES In The Courier's Big Cash Offer Campaign Candidate’s Name .. Address .. This coupon and $10.00 in subscription payments (made in first period) entitles the candidate to 100,000 extra votes in addition to the regular schedule. Only four of these coupons allowed any one candidate. Time limited. Five Point Program Of North Carolina Educational Ass’n., (The fourth point in the NCEA | legislative program- is the streng thening of the certification regula tions). Teachers are certified to teach for the same reason that lawyers are licensed to practice law, doctors are licensed to practice medicine, and other groups are licensed by the state to practice their profes sion or art or craft. The purpose, of course, of the certification or licensing any of these groups to practice their profession is two fold. The first and most important reason is the protection of the public against quackery in the practice of the profession. The second and subordinate reason is the protection of the people in the profession or craft who have spent the money, time and energy neces sary for perfecting themselves to practice the particular profession. This, however, from the standpoint of the state, is a secondary reason for a certification system for doctors and lawyers and other pro fessions. The viewpoint of the teachers is that the certification laws of North Carolina, which are among the best in the country, should not be undermined, but should be gradually strengthened to the end that the teaching per sonnel of the state will be better trained* and better qualified for the important task of molding the lives of children who come into their classrooms. (Point 6 calls for a unification of the administrative control of the schools into one constitutionally authorized board.) At the present time responsibili ty for the administration of the school system of North Carolina is divided into five boards. These are: 1. The state board of education, composed of the constitutional of ficers of the states. 2. The state school commission. 3. The state board of vocational education. 4. The state rental textbook com mission. 6. The board of business educa tion. In addition to these five hoards, there are a number of other bureaus and agencies with which the schools have to deal. These in clude the. department of public'Wel fare. the abate division of pur chase and contract, and local gov ernment commission, and possibly In advocating the abolition of the mentioned iWvs ^ of one constitution board for the ad at the schools, the out, one James Wilson of Penn sylvania told the convention: '.‘A* to mercantile monopolies, they ut already included in the power to regulate trade.” Wilson was the outstanding lo» gal scholar of his time and Wash ington later made him one of the original justices of the suntan* court. * * * XtRANT finds further evidence in the fact that George Mason of Virginia gave as one reason lor his refusal to sign 'die Constitu tion that “the Congress may grant monopolies in trade and com merce.” Elbridge Gerry of Massachu setts, also refusing to sign, com plained that “under the power of commerce, monopolies may be established.” James Madison, often called the Constitution’s “father,” said that “the power to regulate commerce is indivisible and ought to be wholly under one authority.” Madison also proposed in let ters to Washington and Edmund Randolph of Virginia: “Let the national government . . have a negative in all cases whatsoever on the legislative acts of the states as the king of Great Britain here tofore had. This I conceive to be essential and the least possible abridgment of the state sover eignties.” Madison further recommended that states be reduced to “the condition of counties.” Alexander Hamilton, meanwhile, was sayir that states, as states, “ought to ’ abolished.” There were seven staunch d«. fenders of state sovereignty ai the convention, Brant said, and all seven took a walk or refused to sign. So how, he asks, can anyone consider the Constitutior a states’ rights document? (Copyright, 1937. NEA Service, Inc Borneo WHd Men Now Law Abiding The “wild man of Borneo,” the savage head-hunter whose tribal law once commanded him to pro duce the head of an enemy as a proof of manhood* baa been trans formed into a peaceful citizen. Head-hunting has bean forbidden fay the government, and strangely enough the tribes an conforming to the law without protest, states J. R.JL>kuKl, Manila manager of the American Express Travel Service, mainly because the government has realized the importance -of the bead, which was not only a war trophy, Jtwt an addition to the household; for the native believed that the sfcewf .Ma family was in credsed by each aaw rapture. Some sidwtitntr ^therefore, had! have done so at great sacrfice to themselves and have rendered the state very valuable service. The board of education is the only one authorized by the constitution. The tendency of legislation dur ing the past dozen or more years indicates fairly clearly that the legislature is not willing to leave a great deal of responsibility with' the state board of education except insofar as the constitution itself requires such duties of that board. Gradually the constitutional board of education has been shorn of many of its powers and . these have been lodged in boards created by the legislature itself. In each in stance, when a new board has been created there nuts ample legislative justification for the creation of the new board, but the teachers be lieve the time has come when the five different boards should be combined into one real state board of education that would be authorized in a constitutional amendment to be submitted to the people of North Carolina. The money saved on such a change could not be very large, but the schools would be better administ ered by one board than by five different boarde, which often are working, if not at cress-purposes, at least without information as to what die other is doing. eras It is too early to anticipate the course of the new seventy-fifth congress in reshaping federal programs and federal activities in the light of the brighter economic skies that have followed in the wake of depression storms. How-, ever, there is every indication that the congress will give more than usual study to each recommenda tion that may call for larger ex penditures, increased activity and new functions of government. Evidence of this is already avail able in the form of the unprece dented interest in the estimates of income and expenditures—the fed eral budget—submitted to the congress by the president. Thus it is obvious that expenditures must be justified on the basis of the contribution they will make to the public welfare. Predictions of a “rubber stamp” congress by reason of the sweeping victory of the president last November, and the top-heavy De mocratic majorities in both houses are net borne out by developments to date. The budget—the federal budget for the fiscal year 1937, as sub mitted by the president, calls for expenditures of roughly $65 for each man, woman and child in the United States. It also calls for taxes in amount of $45, on the av erage, for every individual, adults and youngsters. The difference of $20 represents the deficit. Let’s look at the budget another way. John Jones can maintain his family budget and keep income and expenditures balanced so long os the latter adhere rigidly to the budget. But if some mishaps befall the Jones family, requiring unusual expenses, the head of the house hold has to borrow. From then on, income must be increased or ex penditures slashed, else the budget loses caste. That is what happened to the federal budget. In the absence of adequate income to cover the em ergency outlay and in the face of maintenance of regular expendi tures, there has been a deficit. In other words, multiply the Jone3 problem about three million times and you have a picture of the fed eral situation, which, however, is getting better as regards increas ing revenues. The $8,000,000,000 budget for the fiscal year 1937, is around $3,000, 000,000 above the 1932 level, due to relief expenditures, farm-aid, adjusted compensation -for veter ans, social security, recovery pro grams and so on. The 1937 total may be raised or lowered by the congress as hearings are held on various appropriation bills. Have these increased expenditures been justified? Congress will decide. President’s views — President Boosevelt’s thoughts on the sub ject can best be expressed in his own words as follows: I he programs inaugurated dur ing the last four years to combat the depression and to initiate many seeded reforms have cost large hums of money, but the benefits ob tained from them are far out weighting all their costs. We shall soon be reaping the full benefits of those programs and shall have at the same time a balanced budget that will also include provision reduction of the public debt, “The fiscal plans of th< government for these fou have been formulated with two ob jectives in mind. Our first was to restore a successful economic life ?to the country, by providing great employment and purchasing 4>ower for the people, by stimulat ing a mate balanced use of our productive capacity, and by in creasing the national income and distributing it on a wider base of prosperity. Our second was to gain advantages of permanent value for the American people. ■Bath of these objectives can be ac complished under a sound financial ■policy. '“Business conditions have shown :h year since 1983 a marked im over the preceding year. Employment in private industry is Industrial production, ■factory pay rolls, and farm prises steadily risen." be the final appropriations for .federal operations, one sure sign of is the estimated $1,712*090,MO in federal tame fiscal year 1997 as compac ts 1998. This increase is, of ted on the main at present tax rates, and of the long list of att end to expire in of budgets— While - in roe EVERY ROSE HAS ITS THORN OR SOMETHING tie**©*®**** Dr. W. L. Mattison PHYSICIAN — SURGEON ttt South Fayetteville Street, Aahebero, N. C. Office Phone ReaidencePhaM 485 4M the budget bureau, it acts as a! coordinating agency for assembling data on required federal expendi tures. It is up to congressional committees to hold hearings and recommend actual expenditures to congress. On the basis of com mittee reports, the congress ap propriates the amounts for each federal agency. Every reasonable effort is made to see that these ap propriations are based on the needs of the people. Rigid adherence to budget lines from 1933 to the pre sent has been, of course, impossible in the light of public needs. The real question is whether the expenditures, dollar and dime, have been wisely handled with the maximum good for the greatest number. Congress rural-minded—No bet ter evidence of the fact that the new seventy-fifth congress is rural minded can be found than that fifty-one members proudly pro claim that they were “bom on a farm.” Still others were bora on farm8 hut fail to record it in their biographies. Small towns predo minate in the list of home resi dences of members of congress. This rural-mindedness, which augurs well for those who till the soil and deserve the most sym pathetic understanding of congress in this day of chains, mergers, and crowded urban areas, partly ex plains why nearly one-eighth of federal expenditures in 1936 were aimed at farm relief and to im prove rural conditions. Federal reorganization—Perhaps the most significant development in the recent congress is the whole sale federal reorganization pro gram submitted by the president. The primary purpose of the reor ganization, which calls for two new cabinet posts, is to promote ef ficiency in the administration of government affairs. Congress, which is now studying the various proposals, may insist on economy -■ — -V las well. The outlook is favorable for some government reorganiza tion, but there is a question wheth er tiie congress will permit the executive branch to absorb some Beware The Cough From a common cold That Hangs On No matter how many medicines you have tried for chest cold -or bron you can your cough, mulsion. ichial firritation, AoW*Vith Cre ____i riot only con tains the soothing elements com mon to many remedies; such as. Syrup of White Pine Compound with Tar, fluid extract