Our County—Its Progress and Prosperity the First Duty of a Local Paper, 'T. J. MIXEK. Mana^’or. BREVARD, TRANSYLVANIA COUNTY, N. C., FRIDAY. DECEM15ER 1905. VOL. X-NO. 4!) Transylvania Lodge No. 143, Knights of Pythias coil volition ev ery Tut>sd:vv in MiV sonic. Hall'. VisitintT '■ ^ Knij*'hts arc cordially in vited to attend. HILARY B. BRUNOT, C. C. Brevard Telephone Exchange. iiorKs: Daily—7 a. m. to 10 ]). m. Sunoay—8 to 10 a. m.. 4 to (? p. m. Central OHice—McMinn iiiock. Professional Cards. W. A. GASH. ATTORNEY-AT-LAW, Rooms 7 & 8, McMinn BId’g, Brevard, N. C. W. B. DUCKWORTH, ATTORNEY-AT-LAW. Investigation ot Land Titles a Specialty. Kooras 1 and 2, PickelsitncM' Buildintr. ZACHARY &. BREESE ATTO R N E Y:-*-AT-L A W Offices in McMinn Blocic, Brevard, N. C. WELCH GALLOWAY, ATTORNEY-AT-LAW. Practices in all the courts Kooms 9 and 10, McMinn Block. D. L. ENGLISH L.A.WYER I looms 11 and 12 Mc^1inn lilock. BMEVAUD. N. C. Miscellaneous. The JEthelwold TJrevard’s New Hotel—Modern A)>- pointments—Open all the year. The patronajje of the ti’avelinir pnhlic as well as suinn:ier tourists iri solicited. Opp. Court House, Brevard, X.C. R-I-P-A-X-S Tabules Doctors find A good prescription For mankind The 5-cent packet is eiioujili for u-ua) occasions The family bottle («0 cents) contains a .supply for a year.' All druggists sell thcin. yjM€. m I Bi Eariain To better advertise the South’s L.eadiiis Business College, just a few scholarships arc i)ffereil in each section at less than cost. DON'T DEI-AY. WRITE TODAY, SA-ALA. BUSINESS COLLESE Macon, lia A FREE ]?ATTERN (voiir own to pvery sub- scriiier. Only .So cn, etc. Sub- scrit»ff 'ir, •^rnd -c lor l.iii-'f Cupy l-ady .it;fiits \v,i..tcii ScimI lar tciiiis. Styli‘;!>. Kolinblp, Siniiilc. Tfp-to- datP, i'.r'iMiini 1C.'1 iiiicl Ali'olntely Perl'ccl-Fitlin;!' l*;i;jer cr/Ai.f L orporntion.s* ) sense j^'^tile to cori)ora- Is an ak> T>f oonihlnation. All Sc>«ms f'P'* Pi*rlnri'’t ii'PS shew the Bdstirg anJ Sening Lines. Only lo 1^ Cf ;s cail ii;hrt Ai^ for ilirin S-.!,i ii> ciiiy clly Aii>i town, or bv ir.,i . ir. m THE McCALJ in-!l j-Ii7'A>‘' ^ President Roosevelt’s annual niessnse I has heen delivered to congrcss. Opeii- j ins with a ploa for the co-opcratiou of all classe.s in continuing tlie conntry’.s prosperity and in eorrectins existing; evils, for a "square deal” fov every body, the message lirst takes up the (luestion of corporations and railroad rate Jesislation. The president says: Corporntlon.-^. I am in no lions. Tliis is an aji, and any effort to prevent all eombiua- tion will be not only useless, but in the end vicious, bocauso of the contempt for law which tho failure to enforcc law inevitablj' proropose Is to meet the changed conditions in »iuch manner as will prevent the com monwealth abdicating the power It has nlwayr; i)ossessed, not only iu this coun try, but also iu England before and since this country became a separate uatiou. Railroad Rate LeKlNlatlon. As 1 saitl iu mj' message of Dec. « last, the immediate and most pressing lioed 5:’o far as legislation is conceruetl is the enactment into law of some scheme to secure to the agents of the government such supervision and regu lation of ihe rates charged by the rail roads of the country engaged in inter- ii^tate tr.-illic as shall summarily and ef fectively prevent the imposition of un- ju.st or unreasonable rates. It must include putting a complete stop to re bates in (‘Very shape and form. Thi.; pov,'cr to regulate i-ates, like all similar powers over the business Avorld, should be exercised wiih moderation, cautioii and self restraint, but it should exist, so that it can bo effectively exorcised v.hen the need arises. In ni3' judgment, ihe most important provision which such law should con tain is that couf(>rring upon some com- p(‘t('i;t administrative body the power to (U'cide ui>on the case being brought before it whether a given rate pre scribed by a railroad is reasonable and just, and if it is found to be unreason able and unjust then, after full investi gation of the complaint, to prescribe tJie limit of rate beyond which it shall not bo lawful to go—tho maximum reasonable rate, as it is commonly call ed—this decision to go into effect w'ith- in a reasonable time and to obtain from thence onward, subject to I’eview by the courts. It sometimes happens at present, not that a rate is too high, but that a fa vored slilpper is given too low a rate. In such case the commission would have the right to fix this already estab lished minimum rate as the maximum, and it would need only one or two such decisions by the commission to cure railroad companies of the jiractice of giving improper minimum rates. I call your attention to the fact that my pro posal is not to give tho commission power to initiate or originate rates gen erally, but to regulate a rate already fixed or originated by the roads upon complaint and after investigation. A heavy penalty should be exacted from iuay corporation which fails to resi)oct nn order of the connnission. I regard this power to establish a maximum rate as being essential to any scheme of real reform in t’-ie matter of railway regulation. It is worth while considering Avhetlier it would not be wise to confer on the government the right of civil action against the beneficiary of a rebate for at least twice the value of tho rebate. This would help stop what is reail.v blackmail. Elevator allowances should be stopped, for they have now grown to such an errtent that they are demor alizing and are used as rebates. Private Car Lino.s. All private car line.s. industrial roads, refrigerator charges and the like should be expressly put under the su pervision of the interstate commerce commission or some similar bod.v so far as rates and agreements practical ly affecting r:ites are concerned. A re cite in icing charges or in mileage or in a division of the rate fur I'ofrigerating charges is just as pernicious as a re bate iu any other way. There should be publicity of the ac counts of coniiuon carrl<‘rs. Only in this wa3' can violations or evasions of the law be surely detected. A system of examinati.'Mi of railroad accounts should bo providovl similar to that now conducte.l into the national banks by the bank examiners. A fe.v’ lirst clasi? railroad accouutanfs, if tlie.v had prop er direction and projier authority to in- pj;ect i)ooks and papers, could accom plish nuicli in preventing willful viola tions of the law. Employers’ Llahillty I.nw. in my annual message to the Fifty eighth congi’ess iit its secoiul se.-:siou I recujjimended the passagt? of an eni ployers’ liability law for the District of Columbia and in our tuivy yards. I re- newetl that recommendation in my me.ssage to the rifty-eiglith congre.^s at its second session and further suggest- <‘d the api)ointment of a connnission to make a comprehensive study of em ployers’ liability with a view to the en actment of a wise and constitutional law covering the subject. api)licable to all industries within the scope of the federal power. I hope that such a law will be prepared and enacted as speed ily as possible. Tliere has been demand for depriving courts of the powder to issue injunctions in labor disputes. Such special limita tion of the equity powers of our courts would be most unwise. It is true that some Judges have misused this power, but this does not justify a denial of the power any more than an improper ex ercise of the power to call a strike by a labor leader would justify the denial of the right to strike. The remedy is to regulate the procedure by requiring the judge to give due notice to the adverse parties before granting tho writ, the hearing to be ex parte if the adver.^>e party does not appear at the time and place ordered. "What is due notice mir-?t depend upon the facts of the case. It should not be used as a pretext to per mit violation of law or the jeopardiz ing of life or property. Of course this would not authorize the issuing of a restraining order or injunction in any case in which it is not already author ized by existing law. 1 renew the recommendation I made in my last annual message for an In vestigation by the department of com merce and labor of general labor condi tions, especial attention to be paid to the conditions of child labor and child labor legislation in the several states. Such an investigation should take into account the various problems v.ith which the question of child labor is connected. In such a republic as ours the one thing that we cannot afford to neglect is the problem of turning out decent citizens. The future of the na tion depends upon the citizenship of the generations to come. The cliildren of today are those who tomorrow* will shape the destiny of our land, and we cannot afford to neglect them. Tho leg islature of Colorado has recommended that the national government i>ravit'e some general measure for the protec tion from abuse of children juid dumb animals throughout the United States. I lay the matter before you for AA hat I trust will be j’our favorable consider ation. As to Women Wlio Wort. The department of commerce and la bor should also make a thorough inves tigation of the conditions of w'omen in Industry. Over 5,000,000 American wo men are now' engagtnl in gainful occu pations, yet there is an almost complete dearth of data upon which to base any trustworthy conclusions as regards a subject as Important as it is vast and complicated. The Introduction of wo men into industry Is working change and disturbance in the domestic and social life of tlie nation. The decrease in marriage, and esptnnally in the birth rate, has been coincident with it. We must face accomplished facts, and tho adjustment to factory conditions must he made, but surely it can be made with less friction and less harmful ef fects on family life than is now the case. This whole matter Jn reality forms one of tho greatest sociological plionomena of our tirae. It is a social qut'stion of the first Importance, of far greater iinporiance than any merely po litical or ('conomic (juestion can b(?. In any great labor disturbance not only are employer and employee inter- esttnl, but also a third r>arty—the gen eral public. Every considerable labor ditUculty in w’hich interstate commerce is involved should be investigated by the government and the facts olticially reporteil to the public. Insuraiiee. The great insurance companies afford striking example.s of corporations whose business has extended so far beyond the jurisdiction of the statc'^ which created them as to preclude strict enforcement of supervision and regulation by the parent states. In my last annual mes.sage I recoiiimended “that the congress carefully consider whetlier the i>ower of the btn’cau of corporations cannot constitutionally extended to cover interstate transac tions in insurance.” Recent event.^ have emphasizeil the importance of an early and exhaustive consideration of this (juestion, to see whether it i.s not possible to furnish better safeguards than the several states have been able to furiush against corruption of the tlagrant kind which has been exposed. It has been only too clearly shown that certain of the men at the head of fhe.se large corporations take but small note of the ethical distinction betw’een hone.-;ty and dishonesty. They draw the line only this side of what may be called law honesty, the kind of honesty necessary In order to avoid falling into the clutches of the law. Of course the only complete remed.v for this condi tion must be found in an aroused pub lic conscience, a higher sense of ethical cond.uct In the community at large and especially among business men and In the great profession of the law, and In the growth of a spirit which condemns all di.«honesty, whether in rich man or in poor man, whether it takes the shape of bribery or of blackmail. But much can be done by legislation which is not only drastic, but practical. There is need of a far stricter and more uni form regulation of the vast insurance interests of this country. The United States should in this respect follow' th::* policy of other nations by iiroviding adequate national supervision of com mercial interests which are clearly na tional in character. I repeat my previous recommenda tion that the congress should consider wdiether the federal government has any power or owes any duty with re- si>ect to domestic transactions in In surance of an interstate character. That state supervision has proved in adequate is generally conceded. Tlie Revenues. There is more need of stability than of the attempt to attain an ideal per fection In the methods of raising rev enue, and the shock and strain to the business world certain to attend any serious change in these methods ren der such change Inadvisable unless for grave reason. It is not possible to lay down any general rule by which to de termine the moment when the reasons for will outweigh the reasons against such a change. No change can be Uiade on lines benelicial to or desired by one section or one state only. There must be something like a general ngrec'- ment among the citizens of the several states that the change is needed and desired in the interest of tlie people as a vdiole, and there should then be a sin cere, intellig;'nt and disinterested ef fort to make it in such shape as will combine, so far as possible, the maxi mum of good to the people at large with the minimum of necessary disre gard for th(‘ special interests of locali ties or classes, but in tinie of peace the revenue must, on the average, taking a series of years together, eqi;:il the expenditures or else the revenues must be increased. T.,ast year there was a deficit. Unless our expenditures can be kept within the revenues then oiy revenue laws mus^be readjusted. It la impossible to outline what shape such a readjustment should take, for it is as yet too earl.v to say whether there w'ill be need for it. It should be considered whether it is not desirable that the tariff laws should provide for applying as against or in favor of any other nation maximum and minimum t.ariff rates established by tho congress, so as to secure a certain reciprocity of treatment between other nations and ounselves. Economy In Expenditnren. I earnestly recommend to the con gress the need of econom.v and, to this end, of a rigid scrutiny of aj)propria- tions. All unnecessary olHce.; should hr^ abolished. In the public printing also a large saving of m;>ney can be made. There is a constrnitly growing tendency to i)ublish masses of imim- I)ortant information at which no human being ever Hoks. Yet. in si>eaking of economy. I must in nowise b<‘ urderstood as advocating the false economy which is In the end the worst extravagance. To cut