ONLY NEWSPAPER IN TRANSYLVANIA COUNTY
J. J. MINER, OWNER AND MANACER
A HOME PAPER FOR HOME PEOPLE-ALL HOME PRINT
VOLUME*XIV
BREVARD. NORTH CAROLINA. DEfiEMBRR 10.1909.
NUMBHR»49
Home Course In
Modern Agrictilitire
XII.—^Tfce Selection and Care of Farm Machinery
By C, V. GREGORY,
A.^ricuitural T>tH)i4ton, loYva State CoHege
Copyright* 1Q09« by A.mtfrican Press Association
The methods of farming followed
today are made possible only
by the of modern labor
saving machinery. The farm
hand of today needs brains more than
muscles. The ability to handle a com
plicated machine/successfully is more
valuable than the power to do a hard
day's manual labor.
With the coming of improved ma
chinery the problem of what to buy
and what to get along without has be
come a serious one. The farmer has
more money tied up in machinery than
in any one thing besides his land.
Having too much machinery is nearly
as bad as having too little. What is
ne^M^Isli wise selection." ‘
It is always ^ell to do a little figur
ing before buying a new machine. Di
viding the cost of the implement by
the number of years it may be reason
ably expected to last will give the
amount that must be charge to de
preciation each year. Add to this an
allowance for repairs, storage and
each year’s share of the and
you will have' the yearly oi the
Inachine. A little fuWher figuring will
show whether the benefit received
from it in a year will warrant, this
cost.
Machinery may be roughly divided
into five classes—tillage, planting, hay
ing, harvest^g and csfccfellaweous. Of
the many^ tillage* impletnenta there are
some that are absolutely necessary on
any farm. Among these are the plows.
For the farmer on a quarter section a
sixteen inch riding plow will be all
that is needed for the field work. In
addition it may be well to have a
cheap walking plow for plowing the
garden, turning out potatoes and for
use in case of an emergency. A gang
plow requires too many horses to be
practicable on the average 160 acre
farm. On larger farms, where plenty
of horses are available, a gang plow
will save the time of an extra man. It
Is a good ^an To have tne pTlow sup
plied with two or three moldboards
of different slants. A steep mold-
board pulverizes the soil more and for
this reason is a good thing to use on
stubble land. On clover sod. however,
Wi longer moldboard should be used in
order to lessen the draft
One of the most important tillage
implements is the disk. No other ma
chine will pulverize the soil so quick
ly or thoroughly. The use of a tongue
truck—a small two wheeled arrange
ment-under the rear end of the
tongue is of considerable advantage
In taking the weight off the horses*
necks. Solid wheel disks pulverize
the ground more thoroughly than
spaders or cutaways.
A good harrow is a necessity on any
farm. The flexible type is best for all
conditions, as it gets down into the
hollows and rides over trash better
than will a solid frame harrow.
Spring tooth harrows, rollers and
weeders all have their special uses,
but can hardly be said to be neces
sary on the average quarter section.
Next in order come the cultivators.
and there are so many styles of these
that choosing is a difficult matter. The
most important part of the cultivator
Is the shovels. A happy medium is
Struck in the six shovel type. The
shovels on this can be run deep
enough to loosen the soil well the
first two times over the field and can
later bo set shallow enough to avoid
serious injury to the spreading roots.
If you^ are in the corn business ex
tensively enough to afford two sets
of cultivators it is well to have spe
cial surface machines for the last two
cultivations. Some companies make
surface blades which can be attached
In place of the shovels when so de
sired. In the hands of a careful man
the two row cultivator does good and
rapid work.
First in the line of planting ma
chines come the seeders. While cost
ing a little more at first, there is no
better implement for sowing small
grain than the disk drill. The disks
cut through cornstalks and other
trash, and th£|eed doposlted evtMily
and at n uniform The* rrsiilt-
ing evenness of stand will < aust* :in
Increased crop sufflclent to pn.v the
entire cost of the drill in a year or
two.
In selecting a com planter the run
ner tyi>e of opener is prefer-
^able to the dtei^^ssince the latter Is
hard to guide. Tfie essential point in
planters, however. Is the drop. If you
are in the habit of grading your seed
corn carefully so that the kernels are
all about the same size the edge drop
plates will give a more even stand
than will the round hole drop. Plant
ers in which the plates are turned by
a chain from the axle and the wire
used only to open the shoe are surer
to drop every time than those in
which all the work Is done by the
wire.
There are two haying Implements
that are absolutely essential, the mow
er iinfl the rake. Be sure to pick a
wide cut mower. Six-feet is a good
width. The extra draft amounts to
little, and considerable time will be
saved in going over the field.
Where much hay is made the old
way of raking in bunches and pitch
ing it on to the wagon by hand is too
slow and laborious. A much better
plan is to rake the hay into windrows
with a side delivery rake and gather
it up with a hay loader. Where the
hay is put in the barn a set of double
harpoon forks will make short work
of the unloading. If it is to be stacked
some form of stacker will save a great
deal of hard work.
The most important harvesting ma
chine is the self binder. The binder is
FIG. XXIII—A EANDT TTPE OF aASOItXNl!
ENaiNS.
FIG. XXIV—IiOADING THE MANUBB SPREAr-
ER DIRECT PROM THE BARN WITH A lilT-
TER CARRIER.
the most complicated machine on the
farm and the one most likely to get
out of order. In buying a binder sim
plicity of construction, ease of adjust
ment and handiness of oiling are im
portant points to look after. A tongue
truck is an attachment that should go
with every binder. This is the only
means of eliminating side draft that
has yet been discovered. A tongue
truck is rather expensive, but so are
sore shoulders and necks on the horses
at harvest time.
Where much stock is kept the corn
binder is a necessary implement. By
cutting a large share of the corn and
using it as fodder or silage much feed
Is saved that would otherwise be wast
ed. About 40 p«r cent of the entire
——i—^
feeding value of the^ com plant is .in
the stalk. When these are left stand
ing in the field the greater part of this
feed is wasted. The shocked fodder
may profitably be run through a shred
der before feeding." This will husk the
corn and leave the stalks in the best
shape to be fed or used for bedding.
One of the most important of the
miscellaneous implements is the wind-
milL No farmer can a^ord to pump
water for his stock toy hand when the
wind will do it for nothing after the
mill has once been put up. In erecting
a windmill be sure thut it is put on a
high enough tower so ^at surround
ing trees or buildings will not cut off
the wind. A mill which Is geared back
so that the wheel makes three revolu
tions or so to one stroke of the pump
will run in a llghtei* Vrind than will
the straight geared type. A three
legged tower is just as strong as a
four and considerably cheaper.
A machine that is almost indispensa
ble on a stock farm is the gasoline en
gine. The original cost of these en
gines Is reason^ble« and the amount
required for fuel and repairs is small.
With a gasoline engine to furnish the
power to run a sheUer and grinder
feed can be cheaply and easily pre
pared for the stock. The engine will
also saw wpod, if you are fortunate
enough to have any to saw, run the
silage cutter, grindstone, separator,
churn and washing machine. It may
also replace the windmill as a source
of power for pumping.
In selecting a gasoline engine be
sure to get one large enough to do the
required work easily, remembering at
the same time that where much light
work Is to be done a small engine
will do it with much less gasoline
than will be .used by a large ,one.
This objection to a large engine can
be overcome to a large extent by so
arranging the work that several light
machines may be run at the same
time. The ""most reliable type of en
gine is the four cycle,‘in which there
are two reyolutioQS.4|t^he flywheel to
one explosion. The ^wa.ter system of
cooling is the most ^flScient, though
air cooled engines are jail right for
light work.
Another necessary machine of the
stock farm Is the manure spreader.
Not only does this save a great deal
of work, but It also applies the ma
nure more evenly and will cover a
greater amount of ground with a giv
en quantity of manure. There should
be little wood In a manure spreader,
since it rots out quickly.
TO COST $3,000,000.
Up-To-Date Wire and Rod Plant For
the Birmingham District.
Baltimore.—President WilHam P.
Palmer, of the American Steel and
Wire company, has given out the in
formation from Cleveland that the
United Steel Corporation has author
ized the building of an up-to-date
wire and rod plant in the Birmingham
district, without delay. President
William E. Corey, of the steel corpo
ration, is quoted as saying that the
plant will adjoin Ensley and will
have a capacity of 400 tons per day
and will cost about $3,000,000. The
American Steel and Wire company is
one of the leading subsidiary compa
nies of the steel corporation, and the
building by it of a rod and wire mill
in the Birmingham district is in line
with the policy which the steel corpo
ration has displayed since it acquired
’the Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad
company, that is the manufacturing
to the fullest extent of the output of
its furnaces and steel mill into fin
ished products. The building of this
wire and rod plant, which will doubt
less employ several thousand men,
will mark another great step forward
for the iron and steel interests of the
South.
Negro Assailant Shot to Death.
Bronson, Fla.—Attracted by the
screams of Mrs. Becky Snowden, of
this place, who was fighting a des
perate battle with Steve Brown, a
negro who had attacked and was
choking her in an effort at criminal
assault, Bart Faircloth, a white man.
shot and instantly killed the negro.
Augusta Gets G. & F. Offices.
Douglas, Ga.—The ofiices of the
Georgia and Florida railway will be
moved at once from this place to Au
gusta. This announcement was made
by General Manager J. M. Tunier.
The shops of the road, which have
Just been completed at a cost of
$300,000, will remain here.
Don’t Rubber
County Governmoit*.
Representative—G. W. Wilson.’
Clerk Superior Court—T. T. Loftis.
Sheriff and Tax Collector—C. C. Kilpa^*
riek.
Treasurer—Z. W. Nicholls.
Register of Deeds—B. A. Gillespie.
Coroner—Dr. W. J. Wallis.
Surveyor—A..L. Hardin.
Commissioners—W. M. Henry, Ch'n; G
T. Lyday; W. E. Gajloway.
Superintendent of Schools—T. C. Hen
derson. J - . •
Physician—Dr. Goode Cheatham.
Attorney-Gash & Galloway.
✓
Town Government*.
It Isn’t Polite.
Besides, you can read ALL the news
in much more comfort if you subscribe
for this paper. ^
}
Cashier Short $50,000.
Anderson, S. C.—Secretary and As
si'stant Cashier Calhoiin Harris* ol
the Orr Cotton Mills, of this city, has
been found short in his accounts ap
proximately $50,000.
< Harris was arrested by Constable
Scott on a warrant issued by Magis
trate Wilson at the Instigation of
President Hammett, of the mills. The
warrant charged breach of trust and
it is stated that other warrants
against him will be issued.
Harris stoutly denies, however*
mis-appropriatlon of any of the funds
and says that the deficiency is due
to clerical errors.
“Grace Darling” Saves More Lives.
Newport, R. I.—Ida Lewis, “the
Grace Darling of America,” who from
Lime Rock lighthouse, off this har
bor, had saved the lives of eighteen
persons, added five more lives to her
splendid record when a rowboat witn
five girls was capsized by a passing
steamer. Ida Lewis is 68 years old,
and for thirty years has kept burning
the light of Lime Rock.
To Be Wage Increase.
Plainfield, Conn.—The wages of
1,000 cotton operatives at North Gros-
venordale are to be increased 10 per
cent August 16. As soon as the new
tariff bill gets to working a general
increase of the 6,000 cotton operatives
in the country is looked for.
Aviator Dashed to Ground.
Lorient, • France.—While experi
menting with a new military aero
plane of his invention. Lieutenant
Cross, of the French army, was
caught in a squall and dashed to the
ground. He sustained severe injuries
on the head.
Flood in Tennessee.
Nashville, Tenn.—Nearly every
business house and at least one-thlrd
of the residences at Rockwood, Tenn.,
were flooded as the result of a cloud
burst. The rain descended for about
an hour, and was accompanied by
constant lightning.
Run Over by Train.
Anderson, S. C.—Robert M. Ritchie,
a farmer 35 years old, was run ovet
and killed at Pendleton by an excur
sion train on the Blue Ridge rail
way. It is presumed that he .was
drunk and went to sleep on the track.
The body was horribly mangled, be
ing cut nearly in two.
Launch Capsized—Three Drown.
Toledo, Ohio.—Two men and one
woman were drowned, and seven men
were rescued with difficulty when a
launch, containing a gay party of
merrymakers capsized in Maumee
Bay, 500 feet off of the Casino, a
summer theatre. All were residents
of Toledo.
Flies Mile on Low Plane.
New York—C. S. Willard has made
a flight with one of the Curtis aero
planes on the course at Mineol^ L.
I. Willard got his machine four feet
from the »*arth and kept it there,
making a flight of a mile and then
descending.
MayOT—W. E. Breese, jr.
Board of Aldermen—^T. H. Shipman. T.
Kilpatrick, T. M. Mitchell, A. H. King»
E. W. Carter.
Marshal—^J. A. Galloway.
Clerk and Tax Collector—^T. H. Gallo*
way.
Treasurer—T. H. Shipman,
Health Officer—Dr. C. W. Hunt.
Attorney—W. W. Zachary.
Regular meetings—First Monday night
in each month.
Profesdonol Cords.
H. G. BAIL£Y
Civil and Consulting Engineer
and Surveyor
McMinn Block
BR£VARD. N. C.
Patronize those who Advertise
W. B. DUCKWORTH^
ATT O R N E Y-AT-1A W.
Rooms l^atid 2, Pickelsimer Building.
GASH (& GAULOWAY
LAWYERS.
^ Will practice in all the courts.
Rooms 9 and 10, McMinn Block.
Patronize those who Advertise
£. F. GILLESPIE
CONTRACTING
PAINTER
Estimates furnished and contraets
solicited for
Painting in all Branches.
Kalsomining, Floor Stain,
Varnish, etc.
Shop in rear Post Office, BREVARD, M. C
Patronize those who Advertise
MARK the graves.
W. L. AIKEN
will furnish to order
MONUMENTS, TOMBSTONES,
Marble>^_ Granite, |eto.
Don’t place your oi derj] untiljyou
se^me.
NO REASON FOR. DOUBT.l
When we offer to retnm the money paid
Qs if our claims do not prove true, we must
know exactly what we are talkuig about
when we say R«xall “93 ” Hair Tonic wUl i
relieve scalp irritation, dandruff and falling.
hair, and prevent baldness.#Don't scoff,f
doubt or hesitate. Tiy the remedy at oor ’
risk, Tw^iw^ SCO, and #1.00./ J