THE AS
HEYILLE
CITIZEN
f THE WEATHER:
I FAIR.
Complete Associated f
Press Reports
I VOL. XXVIL, NO. 160
ASHEVILLE, N. C, THURSDAY MORNING, MARCH 30, 1911
PRICE FIVE CENTS
2?
0
1
0?
BPAPUNOtl
STAND REFUSES TO
ANSWERQUESTIONS
Editor of the Chicago Record
Herald Will Not Violate Con
fidence Shown
INVESTIGATION INTO
LORIMER'S ELE'
Iluriois Senate Commlutc will
Make Another Effort Af
ter Information
SPKINUFIELD, 111.. Miirch 29.
II. H. Kohlsaat. publisher of The
Chicago' Record-Herald, told the
senate Investigating committee today
that he knew 1100,000 bad been used
to procure the election of Wm. Lorl
mer to the United States senate. He
refused to five I2i commftte the
source of his Information; notwith
standing the committee has the pow
er to Imprison him because of his
refusal.
When Mr. Kohlsaat was first railed
to the stand he was asked where he
obtained his information on which
he wrote an editorial saying, "1100.-!
000 had been rained to elect Lorl
mer."
Declined to Answer.
Mr. Kohlsaat declined to answer
a number of questions. He said he
could not violate a confidence. At
torney Heal y put direct questions to
him asking If his informant had said
he was asked for $10,000.
"I decline to answer," he said.
"Did he say that nine other men
had been asked for 110.000 each?"
"I refuse to answer."
"Is he a resident of Chicago?"
'I decline to answer."
"Is he alive now?"
."Ha Is."
"Would you denounce any citizen
who takes the stand you have taken
here?" asked Senator Burton.
' Would Not Violate Conntlenre.
"Any man who will violate a con
fidence Is not worth a snap. I would
not let my court reporter violate a
confidence. No newspaper man can
violate a confidence. That Is my code
dfx woeaJst "' -
Tee have been demanding thin
Investigation and now you refuse to
aid ua?';
"I appreciate the position but I
will not violate this confidence,"
concluded Mr. Kohlsaat.
; The committee then went Into ex
ecutive conference. Every one ex
cept Mr. Kohlsaat, Attorney Healy
and members of the committee were
ordered ' out of the room.
The questions were again put to
Mr. Kohlsaat in this secret session.
Again he refused absolutely to an
swer. The doors were then reopened and
Mr. Kohlsaat wasjglven a third op
portunity to answer tthe questions of
the committee. Tills , he again re
fused to do. Mr. Kohlsaat whs oy-
cused until 10 o'clock Thursday I
morning, April ti. He was informed
by the committee that its members
here agreed that he must answer!
the questions regarding the money.
CARNIVAL OF SPEEO U
Ten Thousand People See
Automobile Races on
Jacksonville Beach
NUMEROUS ENTRIES
JACKSONVILLE. Fla.. Mar. 29.
More than ten thousand spectators
lined the Atlantic-Pablo beach today
to witness the second day's automo
bile speed carnival. Close and excit
ing finishes characterized the events.
especially the ten mile
free-for-all j
handicap, In which the leaders cross-
ed the wire well bunched, with only
a few seconds separating them.
In the five mile open national
Championship, Tower and Evans in
Warren-Detrolts, captured first and
second places, respectively. In the
ten mile open class B. Herbert Wil
son, of Jacksonville, drivin's a Cole.
f , defeated Hughie Hughes in his Mercer.
In the ten mile open race for cars j
of 301-4 50 cubs? inches Merz and j
Wilson in a National fought It out
for first honors and Merz won by
four seconds. The ten mile open
free lor all lurnisnea seen ecne-
nent. Although Burman in a Bu-1
Ick Suffered clutch trouble after mak
ing the turn at the five mile opst
when leading, he managed to finish
second to Wilcox, with a National
nllne seconds ahead of Ulsbrow's
Pop Hartford.
In the two ten mile free for all
handicaps. -nine cars started. Hughes
In his Mercer won the first event,
while Wilcox In a National lighting
It out desperately with Disbrow In a
Pope-Hartford crossed the wire a
, fraction of a second ahead of him In
th second event.
NEW YORKCAPITOL
PARTIALLY BURNED
IN EARLY
Priceless State Documents Destroyed
and Beautiful Building Badly Dam-
aged. Damage About Six Mil
lion Dollars.
ALBANY. X. Y.. Mar. 29 Five mil
lion dollars probably could repair the
damage done by tire in the state cap
Itol today, but money cannot resioie
the historic records which were the
pride of its state library. After exam
ining the exterior walls with a tran
sit, State Architect Ware declared to
night that the maseive pile of gran
ite was as plumb and true as ever.
The flames licked up the state libra
ry, the court of claims, the assembly
library and document rooms, most
of the offices of the excise department
and the quarters of the senate fi
nance committee, and water and
smoke took up the work that the
flames laid down and the damage
from this cause extends to every part
of the building. The fire was still
burning tonight In the ruins beneath
what was once the beautiful cloud-
painted celling of the state library
reading room and the water kept
pouring in from seven lines of hose.
Water still dripped through the call
ings In nearly all parts of the west
wing and cascaded down the stone
stairs but the tire was subdued and
the work of repair had already lo
gan. A hundred national guardsmen
stood guard in the deserted corridors
tonight and fifty policemen patrolled
the streets outside to protect the dis
mantled end of the building. .
Will Belay Govoromentt
Next to the financial loss the chief
effect of the fire will be Inevitable
delay In the machinery of state gov
ernment. Although the senate cham
ber stands practically untouched and
a few thousand dollars can restore
the meeting place of the lower house
to Its former beauty, a week or long
er may Intervene before legislative
business can proceed in its accus
tomed channels. There was talk to
night of a receas and only the con
stitutional requirement of taking a
dally ballot until a United States sen
ator is chosen keeps the legislator
here. Such a recess was expected IJ
the sanatorehlp tangle cotjld,; P
rav'elleffH'omorrow. " A. 5 ' .'.'
Today both house met In the city
hall across a short stretch of park
from the rapltol building, the senate
In the common council chamber am!
the assembly in the county court
court house, where the Joint, session
also was held and the same arrantsn
ment will be followed tomorrow. The.
burnrd out department forces found
temporary quarters where fney could.
Five or Nix Million low.
Discussing the fire loss, State Ar
chitect Ware said tonight:
"Based upon the original cist of
the cHpitol the extent of the damage
would bo between five and six mil
lion dollars, but In view of more eco
nomical methods of construction
which can be employed In the restor
atlon this amount can be materially
reduced.
Mr. Ware will recommend that
when the burned out portion Is re
stored the Interior be remodeled to
THE PLACE OF ST
GOODS FOR THE INDIANS
Took Inspected Cases From
Government Warehouse
Is Charge Made
ARREST FOLLOWED
NEW YORK, Mar. :9 Charged
with conspiracy to defraud the Uni
te'! States Indian service of the In-
lerlor department by substitution oi
shoddy trousers for those of standard j
iiualit) . Arthur Hope, a wealthy j
clothing manufacturer of Newark. N. I
J., wns arrested today on a federal j
warrant. Iioo held a sub-contract
r..r fo-ni-hi,,,, , i,.thin the Indian
service and it is alleged that with
Charles H. Furnian. chief clerk in
the United States Indian warehouse
In this city, he conspired to remove
from the warehouse several cases of
standard goods which had pasaed in
spection and substituting for them
cases of shoddy goods.
The arrest followg tho recent In
dictment of the firm of Welnstein
and Maher of this city on similar
charges. They are on ball and Kose
also was released on bonds of 12.000
tonight.
It la said that the looting of the
warehouse has been systematic and
that several contractors have been
Involved In the alleged conspiracy.
Chief Clerk Furman has turned a
government witness In the- cases.
OLD MAN OL'ILTT OF MIRDER,
INDEPENDENCE. Kan.. March
29. A. A. Turskett, 70 years old.
a wealthy business man of Caney.
Kansas, tonight was found guilty of
murdering J. t. 8. Nee ley. a mil
lionaire oil operator of Lima, Ohio.
The Jury was out about 27 hours.
Th verdict was second degree mur-
MORNING
suit the other departments which will
occupy it. The state architect offici
al description of the fire damage fol
lows: "It would appear that the entire
state library located on the third and
fourth floors, Including the northwest
and southwest pavilllons are com
pletely destroyed. This Includes also
the court of claims and some of the
committee rooms of the senate and
assembly. The celling of the senate
appears to be Intact and apparently
no damage, except slight water dam
age, has occurred at this point. The
western side of the assembly hall In
cluding the ceiling, has suffered a
slight fire damage and considerable
water damage. Many departments on
the first and second floors In the
western portion of the capttol have
suffered more from water damage
than from actual Are. On account
of the dangerous condition of some
of the Interior walls and farmer
throughout the western section It
would be Inadvisable to use the of
fices Immediately under them. The
state carried no Insurance as the cap
ttol building had been regarded as ab
solutely fire prbof. It was, m fact,
not the building that burned, but n
contents, the fourth floor space In
the west wing did nearly four times
the service It was originally intended
for."
-Was Mko Rabbit Warren,
In places this part of the building
was like a rabbit warren, with the
employes of the library and the pu
pil of the library school working In
box-Ilk apartments surrounded by
wooden shelves loaded with books
and pamphlets. When the Are starting
among the papers In the assembly 'li
brary, reached this portion of tho
building it swept ahead with a fury
that fused like wax, sandstone, gran
ite and marble.
Most precious, from the historian's
standpoint, of the fuel the flames
found In their path were the II man
uscript folio voJumesXJlmjIUiaip
official records or the governor's of .
the city of New Amsterdam cover.
Ing a period from 1610 to 1474. Vhese
were In course of translation by A. J.
F. Van Laer and his translations were
burned with the orglnal Dutch docu
ments. In addition to these the state
lost the correspondence of Governor
George Clinton. 6,000 pieces In all
and the original letters of Sir Wm.
Johnston and Dnntel f'. Tompkins. In
the office of the regents examiners
80,000 examination papers received
from the high schools of the tte
were destroyed hut the priceless co
lonial and Washington and Llneotn
relics In the custody of the education
department were In the big safe on
the ground floor and were uninjur
ed. These Include the orlgtnnl manu
script of Washington's farewell ad
dress, the original of Lincoln's eman
cipation proclamation; all the origi
nal copies of the state constitution
and the Major Andre papers.
BASEBALL MAGNATE DRAWN
NTO INVESTIGATION BY
CINCINNATI CUD JURY
Kilgore May be in Contempt
for Telling Herrmann
Jury Secrets
GRAND JURY REPORT
CINCINNATI, O, Mar.
29. The I
name of August Herrmann, grand ex
alted ruler of the Elks and chair
man oi me .-vanonaa uaseoau com-
mission, waa drawn into the grand j
Jury Investigation today when that
mody made a report to Judge Frank
Onrman of the Common Pleas court. ,
" "' wne.ner nayaru n.wB.,ur
crai manager or tne i incinnau ana
Suburban Bell Telephone company.
...
was In contempt of court.
Both Hermann and Kllgour have I
been before the grand Jury. On th ,
occasion of Kllgour's last attendance. !
he stated, according to the report I
today, that his father was in poor
health and he asked to be excused i
In order that he might "acquaint his
parent with the circumstances of his j
testimony and to prepare his mind i
for what might follow." !
Kllgour la said to have promised :
to return on March 1. but has not
appeared since. The report then con
tinues: "The said Bayard Kllgour In viola
tion of the grand Jury to him given,
did repair to th office of August
Herrmann, who at that time had
been summoned to appear before us
In reference to the same matters.
"And. Bayard Kllgour did further
Intimate to August Herrmann a cer
tain fact, on which the said August
Herrmann would probably be ques
tioned by the grand Jury; to-wlt, the
fact that August Herrmann was then
arid there and theretofore In the en
joyment ' of gratuitous service from
Telephone company of which Bay
ard Kllgour was general manager."
ah.
V d
.4IMIMA1K Al"UTfftP
"H-ri rr
NEW TORK. March 28. Fire
Marshal Beers has begun at Klre
hall a formal Investigation Into the
lire In the Aach building, at Wash
ington place and Greene street, In
which about 150 persona, employes of
the Triangle Shirt Waist company,
IVtA
Mi d".". M-t
mostly girls, lost their lives. DIs-! spect the scene - of the fire. Fire
trlct Attorney Whitman expressed j Commissioner Waldo and Chief Kd
the belief that there is material for ; ward Croker hava publicly expressed
WAR BETWEEN ENGLISH SPEAKING
PEOPLE IS A CRIME SAYS ASQUITH
Solemn Pact of Peace" Should
Between Nations are in Common. Premier of Great Britain Eulogize ,
Taft. Suffragette Create Disorder.
LONDON', Mar. 29. At a great the English lIlil belongs not only
meeting of churchmen and states- to the subjects of King George but
men In Albert hall this evening ti to the whole English speaking world,
celebrate the torceiitennary of tlio One of the truths which has been
revision of the England translation slowly realised and which now It Is
of the bible by a commission which j believed Is flrmly rooted In the faith
completed the so-CHlled King Juins of Christian men snd women on both
version In 1611. Premier As'iulth nml.xldos of the Atlantic Is that war be
Whltelaw Held, the American am- 1 tween ICngllsh npoaking people would
baesudor, who were tho principal ; be not only a crime against olvlllxii
speakers, seised the opportunity to ( tion but an unforgivable breach of
eulogize the arbitration movement, j those few commandments which are
Suffragettes Interfered with the I enshrined in the New Testament on
proceedings and when the prime
minister rose they unfurled banners :
bearing the Inscription 'votes for wo
men." The banners were torn up after a
free fight.
War I a Crime.
In his address Mr. Asoulth snld
SPECIAL INVESTIGATION
OF FOREIGN CONDITIONS!
Trade Conditions in Foreign !
Countries Will be Given I
to Manufacturers
WASHINGTON. Mar. 29.
-Enr the !
'benefit of American manufacturers
and exporters tnc uureau oi ninnu-
I factures is extenoltiR 1th special In
vestigations of tra'ln conditions In
i foreign countries nnd today an-
nounced th p0mm,nts i three
new commercial agent". It. M. Oilell.
of New Conconl. X C, an eipert on
cotton textiles ami one oi w e
jortufJai and wm attend the eighth
,nternational cotton congress of the :
u.,.r ertin ...im.ers anfl manu-'
I. ,.... , utt.!,.. t
ii mini i'm''i ov ...
May aft(.r whli h he will travel In 1
rt"h'e.fl A(rlr the Dalkan states'
fl c, lexamler lr of New York. '
( ieaVe Han ranrlsco in a fort-
. ' ,. a .... . u ,
nlvht tnm Chins. l,nnn AiiRlrnll,i
. ... , ,',,, ,h(. t,r,
trade In machinery, machim- tools
and other similar productB. J M.
Hause of Greenchoro. N. C. already
has started for Manchester. England,
to Investigate cotton textiles manu- :
factures.
FAIR
WASHINGTON. March
it. Fore-
- M
cast or North Carolina: Generally Man ta Is promoted to commercial si
falr Thursday and Friday; dlmln- I perlntendent ot the third district wlln
ishing west winds. headquarters at Jacksonville.
Scenes of New York's
( h-u, V, (t lllM
Xtt ' -ij"-
a sweeping Investigation by the grand
Jury to determine who Is responsible
for the conditions that prevailed In
the building conditions' that are
said to bn common to most of the
tall fireproof factory buildings In
Manhattan. Ths grand Jury will In.
be Sealed Between America and EnglandsEverything
which nations have been bred,
Should Heal Solium I'act.
"There surely could not be a more
worthy, mure .appropriate, a more
splendid monument of this tercen
tenary year than that It should
witness the scaling of a solemn pact i
between us. which would put an end
A CONTINUED DEADLOCK
Caucus Meets Just Long
Enough to Adjourn Till
Ten This Morning
ALMANT. N. ,Y Mar. 29 The
lMra frmioti f tho rc-convened dem-
ocratlc senatorial caurus lasted to- I
i
nlKht Just long enough to permit J
Henator t'ullen in move for nn n 1 - j
J'lurnrncnt
until 10.30 o'clock to- !
morrow mornlog
tfutny thst ftii i
TV... A.i.i.,nli.n ,.f
wouM he rr-nrhrd
v her"by
the In-
surgenrs (.uld t.e made to feel their :
(.lwir , 0,,,.nrin)r in a body wn.
... . .. '
no' rtn!lx-.J. .None or trie ..ui ami;
oul Insurcents attended. !
(,n" n"'i"r afloat tenlirlit
'"" Murphy favored j
Judge 1). Cady Merrick who whs snld I
'to !mw figured on th1 list of ten
sul mltted lapt nlsht by the Insur- winning of the first regular session
gents. It wih snld, hiiwt-ver. that i of the 6l!nd congress on the first
kimthI of tlie Insurgents would not Monday of next December. To this
pledge themselves to Merrick but 1 end the country will be canvassed
prefer John l. Kernan. There were : Bria- much literature will be, dlstribut
perniKtTit report that overtures have j No definite day, however, has
been made by them to the republl- j been fixed for the further considera
tion tth view (,, eleetlng Mr. Ker-i Hon of the subject but It Is under
nan i.nless th- regulars acede to 1 Btood thst Senator Aldrich will state
ttietr proposals tomorrow.
WKKTKKN I'XION fllVXUEH
ATLANTA, Sa.. Mar. 29. An
j nouricement was made today that I,
I J. Maxwell lll succeed B, P. Man
j cock as dlstrlet superintendent of the
I Western I'nlon Telegraph company
i lit Jacksonville, Fla. Mr. Hancock
j Is mover to Atlanta as traffic spec
ialist under the division commercial
i superintendent, 8. L. Hurts, tor the
past six years local mansger st At-
Horror.
1n i "t " ' ' I '
..,., IT a ln.jr.it V 'Y I
their Indignation at what they term
the laxity of factory Inspection In this
city. Mayor Oaynor has Issued an
appeal for help for the families of
the victims. These were some of ths
results o fthe deep feelings of hor
ror and sympathy aroused by the
worst disaster New York has had
since tha General Slocum steamboat
tire. The accompanying photos show
views of the scene Of the Are. The
bole In the pavement was caused by
the Impact of falling bodies, reveal
Ing tha force of their fall. Tha ele
vator door shown was pushed aside
by t rantio girls, and sixty of therh
plunged down tha shaft over 100 feet
to their death. Fire Chief Edward
Croker did hot hesitata to express
tha alarming opinion that that wars
many buildings In the city every bit
as dangerous as tha Aach building,
"There are buildings rated as A re
proof, thsra are of Ac buildings," h
said, "that ar likely to Stir ths
people any day over, ft big loss of
life, I predicted this loss of life,
and t predict an ven greaW loss
of lit unless flrfl escape ar (nit
on all buildings In which there ar
a great number of persons, such a
this one." ;
once for all to the hldsous ana tin
thinkable possibilities of fratricidal
strife."
Speaking of how the Bible furn
Inshed the strongest and most In
destructible bond for present praotl
cal unity In the alms and aspirations
of the English speaking family, Am
bassador Rld said:
Community of Aspiration.
"While that community of alma
and aspirations endures, starting as
It doss from our common possession
and use of this book and supported
by the same language, th same oom
omn law, ths same parllmentary in
stitutions, ths same civil rights and
largely th sam blood It Is th
greatest single guarantee for th
(Continued on Psgei His)
COMPLETES CDNFERENCFS
After Two Days' Session
With Bankers Committee
Adjourns for Present
WAflHINOTON, Mar. 2 After a
conference of two days with tb cur-
" t . K A .. r r. n
" ' ,
Bankers association, the monetary
committee adjourned today to meet
t the call of Chairman Aldrloh, Ths
conference nns Deen aevoieo 10 n
xeneral snaiyals of the Aioncn cur-
rency bill. In the main the provl
ver night Hgreemcnt UmH of ,hn ,an olltnBd by Mr.
Aldrich have been found to be ac-
eeptable to the bankers, but they
"" cnanges in pnaseoi--
"gy in ot tier port ions or me measure
. ,.ongerahIe attention has been
......
glvon to a few of the features of
t(1P bm. The plans of the commls-
,(',, embrace an active campaign for
the summer with the view of having
he measure completed by the he
the case quite fully In a speech which
he Is preparing to make In Boston
early In April. He and. other mem
he rs of the commission probably wm
visit many of th large cities during
the spring, snmmer and fall.
COTTON MILLS HOLD
RANfiLEMAN. N. C, Mar. it.
The properties ef the Randleman
Manufacturing company and the Na
omi Kails Manufacturing company,
both bankrupts, were sold under, the
hammer Jy orders of tho court yea-
terdny. Doth plants were purchased i
by J. E. Gilmer of Wlnston-BJm'j
th prlc MfregmUd tm.tOQv .
GUDGER
OPPOSED
TO RECIPROCITY
AS
Tenth District Congressman
Says He is Open to Argu
ment, However
IS INDEPENDENT AND
WILL DO OWN THINKING
Many Congressmen are Arrlv
ing for Convening of th "
Extra Session , v
Cltlsrsi Bore a,
(By II. E. C. Bryant). ,
WASHINGTON, March t.-r-R
resentativ , Oudger blw In Ilk a
summer res yesterday and set
tied In his offlae, room lit, th Hous
offlc building , and want light to
work.1 H had been to Panama t
see the cansl and his brother, Hei- '
klah Oudger. who still retains hi
position, although he hag pot been
reappointed, Mr, Oudger Is very
enthusiasts aver th r work, en tha
canal and says it will bs computed
two years earlier than expected.
'What about reciprocity. It I re
ported her that yott ar not In fa
vor of th treaty with Canada; Is
that true?" he waa asked. . ,
"I hav not mad up my mind;
nnally." satd h, "but I am inclin
ed to eppos it . - '
"it la this way t Thev would put
wheat on th free , list but lv a
duty on flour and put cattl on th
fr lint and leave a duty en beef.
Th farmer Is tha loser end th
manufacturer ths gainer. That la
th way I see It, Thay tell u that
th coat of living will b reduced by
this reciprocity treaty. WhyT Do
you est wheat and oattl or flour
and beafT" ,',.''-'
' Mr. Oudger admitted, however,
that ha I own to argument.
"One thing certain," h added, "t
am going to b Independent I will
do my own thinking." ...
Representativ ffmall passsd
throngh th city yesterday, tarrying
for moment only, and rteprepent.'
trv' Kltchln a,nrt Po rrh : i ! i a
Hurt night. r'S'... ' :
Mr. Kltchin paid today that th
country; could rly , on th house,'
democratic as It Is, to do th prop--r
thing by th paopla. H said
that tha consumer was going to hava
bis turn, ,,
Many of the congressman ar ar-'
riving dally, All of tha democrat
will be her for tha caucus Batur.
day night ( .
FUNERAL PROCESSION OF
ii
& 4
Bodies of Majority Will be
Carried in Great Process':
olon Through Streets ,
RELIEF FUND ADDED
NKW TCRK, March- ll-Thlrtr'
woman, unstrung by rltaU of Sat
urday's fir horror, were removed late
tonight from a mamortaj mas meet
ing for th victims ot th Was b Ing- '
ton place Are In Grand Central Pal
ace, suffering so terribly from hys
teria that ambulance surgeons war
called to attend them, , and to if .
move som to th hospital. Over
1,000 parsons were present at the
meeting. Th meeting was under
th auspices of. th Bhirt Walta and
Dressmakers' Union. f
Arrangements for a funsral do j '
monstratlort in which 110.000 svm. r
pathlxnrs will be asked to Join; Iden
tification of four mora bodies, leav- -Ing
but It now unknown; the awl
ling of th relief fund to nearly 150,. .
000 and the effort of the district at-,
torney's offlc and the fire marshal
to fix the blame for the catastrophe
wore activities which followed Bat- , -urduy's
fire horror today,- ..
It is proposed to take the bodls .
of must of th 141 victim through''
th streets of the cilY Monday in a '
great funeral procession headed by
a chorous of seventy singers frpm '
the Jewish choirlatet union, .follow 1
ed by the surviving employes' of the
Triangle Waist company and as 1
many sympathising workers as can
b Induced to Join, It is suggested '
that the procession pass (from th
morgue by ths Washington , tlae
building where th Br occurred.
Twenty-lie survivor told their '
stories of the catastrophe to assistant
district attorneys today - and appear- "
ed before th first marshal, DinsJi
Luffechltx told th district attorney
that when th fir alarm was first
given she signalled ''tire, firs -escape,"
by a writing machine to the girl on
the ninth Boor and followed ' this
with a telephone message. Laughter
greeted her at the other end of th
receiver, she said, In a moment more
she ran and maff? her escape.
AGGIKS WERE EABY
"; ajissassssBSBissss. ""-
CUNTON. Mlc.i "Ma, : 2. Th
last game of the series between A.
A M. and Mississippi college r-
in. an easy-viptory" for
score t to J. . . .; .
NOW OUTLINED