THE SUNDAY CITIZEN, ASHEVTLLE, N. C., FEBRUARY 4, 101T.. :;:":: " HESS SACRIFICE AMERICAN OF LIVES ID RIGHTS MEANS ill I CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE.) rights as the president said he would meet by ask ing congress for additional authority to act. , Only the establishment of the exact facts can determine whether the sinking of the ship was a new attack on American rights, or whether the case conies within the range of other American ships to Mr. Gerard, the assemblage broke into a cheer in which republicans and democrats alike joined. More applause greeted his declaration that only an overt act could convince him that Germany intend ed to violate American lives and rights, and there was prolonged applause and cheering when he con cluded by announcing that should American ships and lives be sacrificed "in heedless contravention of the just and reasonable understanding of interna tional law and the obvious dictates of humanity" he would again appear before congress to ask au thority to "use any rneans that may be necessary rr .1 ..' ' ". i i ror tne protection or our seamen ana our people. If from both sides of tne chamber and the prewMent returned j to the white house to discuss mcas- : urea of precatil Ion with Secretary I Daniels, of the navy, and Secretary 1 ' 1 f lr n , . . F (ka ...a- A n r, Q ft ri AM Support and Approval. . There were expression of support and approval of the president's . course as the Joint session dlseolveii . LJ J J J ...:j,L I As he concluded there were Cheers ttl J V i 1 1 j4 cuilll ctuaiiu, ucan tiycu in aLwuiuaiiuc vvilji f approval international law and presenting a case to be settled Under its precepts. Admittedly, if the Housatonic was sunk with out warning, or with loss of American life, it will amount to little less than an act of war and be fol lowed by all the consequences which the president so clearly pointed out in his address. Neutral governments have been notified oi the action or the United otates been invited to follow its action if the new subma rfne campaign violates their rights Came With Crath. the Imperial German government made no reply. "On the thirty. first of January, the Wednesday of the paesent week, tin Herman ambass;ilr handed to ilm secretary of stat nlonpr with a formal note, a meinoni'.diim which cmii ained the following sttitement: 'The imperial government, there ti re. does not doubt th.it the eorern- cinnt of the United States will under- and both houses went back to their ; island the situation thus forced upon work. ficrniany by the entente allien' brutal Soon after Count Berntorffs paw- ' met nnns nr war and by their deter-il ports arrived. United States necret service men threw a guard about the hasftador and his unite to make . m . rniiimi iiini. ill, iiiminrani,, ui . . and have OOenlV TTntted States is not violated while he remains on American soli. The nation to destroy ithe central powers. ami that (he government of the lulled States Wiu further realize that! the now openly disclosed Intention of the entente allies gives back to G-er-inanv the freedom of action which i matus of Count Tarnowskl. the Aus- she reserved In her note addressed to Itrlan ambassador, was undecided al-lhe Rovernrnent of the United States ! though he called at the state depart- ion May 4, 1916. I inent to arrange for presenting Yi- "Under these circumstances, Ger credentlals to President Wilson. For. many will meet the Illegal measures months, ever since relations with rier- ; of her enemies by forcibly prevent- -r-tl 1 ' Mr . ' f 1 . . . 1 IRC DreatUUU Or reiaiiona Came Willi a CrdSll, many became acute, there have been dug ajrer etruary , 1H17. In A sone despite the "fact that it had been discounted and : practically determined upon last night. The presi dent, returning from his night conference with the senators,; deterfriined that a break in relations was the only act 'consistent with the dignity and the honor of the United States." He worked most of the night preparing his address to congress. 'At 10:30 oclock this morning it became known that Ambassador Gerard had been ordered home , and that passports' had been sent to Coun von Bernstorff. Although there was no officia confirmation of the president's decision, he formal ly announced it himself to congress, the knowledge spread rapidly. Count von Bernstorff heard it un officially while talking with an Associated Press Correspondent. While apparently deeply moved he was hot surprised. His first act was to ask Dr Paul RitteY, the Swiss minister, to come to the Ger man embassy and prepare to take over its affairs Then he informed his wife, an American-born woman, of the development and likewise told the embassy staff. His passports were not actually de livered until 2 o'clock in the afternoon. While the president was addressing congress one of Secretary Lansing confidential assistants called at the em , bassy and delivered the passports with a note in re ply to the Gertnan declaration.' u Joint Session. " f President Wilson kept himself in seclusion during the morning, .except for a brief conference ' with Secretary Lansing, until he left the white house for the capitol shortly before 2 o'clock. In preparation for the history-making event, the sen ate and house had assembled in the hall of the latter body. Justices of the Supreme court and members of ; the cabinet were present and the diplomatic ;i gallery was packed principally with neutrals. As usual a committee of congressmen met the president and escorted him to the speaker s dias. Th whole body rose and cheered as the president, grim-faced and solemn, took his place and began reading the document which is being heard round the! world. Not a sound came from the floor or thd galleries but the clear, calm tones of the presi dent reading slowly and distinctly. The assem blage i' of senators, - representatives and notables 1 about htm, listened with closest attention to words which may. record one of the sombre moments of American history, if not indeed of the world. Reviews Situation. Briefly he reviewed how last April the United States warned Germany, after the destruction of the; Sussex that until the imperial government de clared and effected an abandonment of that sort of submarine warfare, the United States would have no choice but to sever diplomatic relations alto gether. Then he quoted from the German reply which gave assurances that no ships would be sunk without warning and provision for safety of the passengers and crew. He recounted the provisions the German government attached, which in effect reserved to itself the right to recant its promises if the: United States did not secure relaation of the British restraints on commerce, and then quoted from the reply of the United States which refused to consider a conditional pledge and gave Germany final warning that it could not entertain or discuss any such suggestion. The president did not refer to the long list of submarine operations which have been conducted in violation of the Sussex pledges, but proceeded at once to the new war zone order which became effective February 1 . i Nothing But Break Left. When he told how the German proclamation left nothing for the honor and dignity of the United States but a break in relations and that he had or dered oassDorts sent to Von, Bernstorff and a recall ominous signs of threatened actlvitle" ' around Great Britain. France, Italy of German sympathizers and disloyal Americans If diplomatic, relations were broken off. Various branches of the government have thoroughly In- I formed themselves on the subject and officials say they will be able to cope with the situation. The attempt to sink the torpedo boat Jacob Jones, at Philadelphia to day la recognized as an Instance of (eome of the things which may be ex pected run on tne wnoie inn nem icr. of the government believe they have made preparations to meet such exigencies or are prepared to meet them ns they arise. The preldent spoke as follows: "Gentlemen of the Congre.sa: "The Imperial German government on the thirty-first of January an nounced to this government and to the governments of the other neutral j nations that on ana arter tne nrsi day of February, the present month, It would adopt a policy with regard to use of submarines against all ship ping seeking to pass through certain designated areas of the high seas to which It Is clearly my duty to call your attention. Recites Incidents. "Let me remind the congress that on the eighth of April, last. In view of the sinking on the twenty-fourth of March of the cross channel pas senger steamer Sussex by a German submarine, without summons or warn ing, and the consequent loss of the lives of several citizens or tne unnea States who were passengers . aboard her, this government addressed a note to the imperial German government, In which It made the following declaration: "'If Jt ts still the purpose of the Imperial government to prosecute re lentless and Indiscriminate warfare against vessels of commerce- by the use of submarines without regard to. what the government of the United States must consider the sacred and indisputable rules of International law and the universally recognized dic tates of humanity, the government of the united States Is at last forced to the conclusion that there Is hut one course It can pursue. Unless the im perial government should now Im mediately declare and effect an abandonment ef Its present methods j j,appiy p" THE PROSPEROUS MAN of tomorrow is the one who saves TODAY. . The best way to save is to outline a DEFINIE PLAN and fol low it carefully. , It is far better to lay aside a small amount with unfailing regularity than to make larger irregular deposits. The CENTRAL - BANK & (TRUST COMPANY; welcomes small Savings and helps them to grow by paying 4 per cent com pound interest. .- . . -.- . ' TODAY is the day to begin. Central Bank & Trust Co. South Pack Square ' I C. W. Brown H. B. Stevens But Carland P. R. Moale DIRECTORS: T." 6. Rollins . O. N. Brown C F. Toms W. B. Davis i W. B. McEwen A. Sinclair W. Ruthsrfowl D. Earle R. Oates -ZL. and In the eastern Mediterranean all navigation, tht of neutrals Included. from and to England and from and to France, etc. All ships In such zones will bo sunk. No Alternative. 'T think that you will seree with me that, lri view of this declaration I which suddenly and without prior In-j tlmation of any kind deliberately withdraws the solemn assurance given In the imperial government's note of the 4th of May, llilfl, this govern ment has no alternative consistent with the dignity and honor of the I'nlled States but to take the course which, In Its note of tfce 18th of April, 1916, It announced It would take In the event the German govern ment did not declare and effect an abandonment of the methods of sub marine warfare which It wasQhen em. ploying and to Which It now purposes again to resort. "I have, therefore, directed the sec retary of state to announce to his ex cellency the German ambassador that all diplomatic relations between the United States and the German em pire are severed and that the Ameri can ambassador at Berlin will be im mediately withdrawn: and, In ac cordance with the decision, to hand to his exceltenc'y his passports. "Notwithstanding this unexpected action of the German government, this sudden and deeply deplorable re nunciation of Its assurances, given this government at one of the most critical moments of tension In the re lations of the two governments, I Re fuse to believe that it is the Intention of the German authorities to do In fact what they have warned us they will feel at liberty to do. I cannot bring myself to believe that they will J" " " i-.ai lu urn uiiuienb friendship between their people and ur own or to the solemn obligations which have been exchanged between them aVid destroy American ships and lake the lives of American citizens In the wilful prosecution of the ruthless naval program they have an nounced their Intention to adopt. Only actual overt acta on their part tan mane me believe It even now. "If this Inveterate confidence on my part in the sobriety and prudent Toresigtit of tnelr purpose should un- ovo unfounded: if Atneri- GERMAN RAIDERS SEIZED AT PHILADELPIA BY AUTHORITIES ( CONTINUED FROM PAGE CWB. harbor1 traffic at Cristobal has beerr Stopped, and strict protective measures have been taken throughout the canal zone. The steamers seized are the Savoia, of 2,614 gross tons, the Grunewald, of 4,707 gross tons. The Sachsen- wald, of 3,559 gross tons, and the Prinz Sigismund of 4,689 gross tons. The vessels have been in the harbor since the begin ning of the war. gentlna, Brazil and Chile there has been an active exchange of communi cation1. Financial circles are much excited. OTHERS INVITED? WASHINGTO-V, Feb. 3. it was re. ported tonight In diplomatlo circles, but unoonArmed In any American of ficial source, that President Wilson in advising neutrals of his action in sev ering -diplomatic relations with Ger many has Invited other neutrals to follow his course. APPAM CREW REMOVED. WASHINGTON, Feb. 3. Lieutenant Hans Berg and his German prize crew were removed from the liner Appam at Newport News, Va today, by coast guard cut ters under direction of a United States marshal. The ship is in the custody of the Federal court .pending appeal to the Supreme court from a decision awarding her to her English owners. Lieutci-aiit' Berg had been allowed to retain possession of the vessel under .bond given by the German government. can ships and American lives should in ract be sacrificed -y their naval commanders In heedless contraven tion of the fuft and reasonable un derstandings of international law and tho obvious dictates of human ity I shall take the Hfoerty of coming again before the congress to ask that authority be given me to use any means that may be necessary for the protection of otir steamen and our people in the prosecution of their peaceful and legitimate, errands on the high seas- I can do nothing less. I take It for granted that all neutral will take the same of submarine warfare against pas senger and freight carrying vessels. the government of the United States can have no choice but to sever diplomatic relations with the German empire altogether. In reply to this declaration, tne Imperial German government gave his government the following as surance: The German . government Is pre pared to do Its utmost to confine the operations of war for the rest of Its duration to the fighting forces of the helllgerents. thereby abro insuring the freedom of the eeris, a principle upon 1 """ "menus which the German government be- i toure. lleves now, as before, to be In agree- M Desire Tfo CemlUct. ment with the government ef the "B ."' " "einre r " 'e con United States. with the imperial German gov- The German government, guided I TV,. "'"r. l. o b?tV,dflih?Vn'nt desir o remain at peace the of the United States that the German government Which speaks for tfliem. naval forcea have received the follow- We shaU not believe that they are ing order: In accordance with the htvtu. to na imi imin am general, principles of visit and search obliged to believe it: and we purpose and destruction of merchant vessels nothing more thai the reasonable recognized by International law, such defense of the undoubted rights of vessels, both within and without the our people We wish to serve nd rea declared as naval war sone. selfish ends. We seek merely to shall, not be sunk without warning I etand trtte alike In thought and in and without saving human lives, un- action to the Immemorial principles ess thes ships attempt to escape or r our people wnion i nave sougnt offer resistance. to express In my address to the R it .rtrtefl n.utr.i. onnnt senate oniy o wiaeKS- ago, sees; rmnt h.. ftwmtnT fnrerf . bt merely to vindicate qwr ngnt 10 110- for her existence, shall, for the sake 'J' J"""'' unmolested of neutral interest, restrict the use of ' 'Mr.6 J" , " pc"j an effective weapon If her enemy Is no TJLfSii 'j!L? oermltted to continue to apply at will 52 n,s??" l d?n .t? " , . f .,-- .fc "f w wijiui lnjusuva uu us pari method of warfare violating the rules of tne government of Germany." of international law. Such a demand ..w, w)8n to e)rT4 n0 geUtan tad.." would he Incompatible with the char- preSl(1(nt gtated. "We seek acter of neutrality and the German merel-v to tn tni sum to theus'ht government is oonvinced that the gov. taA ln actU.n t0 the tmmemorta.ble ernmnpt of the United States does not principle of our people, seek merely think of making such a demand, to vindicate our right to liberty and knowing that the government of the justice and an unmolested life. These United States has repeatedly declared are bases of peace, not war. God that It Is determined to restore the grant that ne may not he challenged principle of the freedom of the seas, to defend them bjr acta of wilful In- from whatever quarter It has been 1 Justice on t lip part of the govern- vlolated.' nient of Oermimy." America's Reply. Oallnoa Crowded. "To this the government of the There was an unusual attendanco United States replied on the eighth of or diploma!. Practically all the May accepting, of course, the as- h Americans were represented surance given, but adding: nl "'he' neutrals came to "The government of the United ""Tk?'' The sravv a.... .iL i nietory making addreM- 1M gravity S ,. t fir EStha til im of occasion was further pictured K takes it for granted that the Im- bv h prriiem.8 of u,. Jlistlces of perlal German government does not 8urjr,me rol,H and members of the Intend to imply that the maintenance cttnnet of Its newly announced policy Is in i x comin-;,,P, rewreaentlng both' any way contingent upon the course j houses escnrteU the president to the or result of diplomatlo negotiations ' nekers dul. between the government of the Tho asfinblpge arose as ha enter- TODER GUARt. NEWPORT NEWS, Va . Feb 'S Lieutenant Berg and tire twenty-seved men from the Gorman prise ship Appam brought ashore this afternoon are under guard here by Order of the administration authorities to prevent them attempting to leave the country' GERMAN "PREPAREDNESS." BOSTON. Feb. S. The North Ger man Uoyd steamer Kronprinxessin Ceellle, which was seized by United States Marshal Mitchell on a civil process tonight, was found to be crip pled beyond the possibility of early usefuln-sss,' according to an official who assisted in their seixura. The liner's boilers' were said to have been cleared of all water. The fires were burning- at" top capacity and countess valves ln tne. engine room had been mutilated, traTisf erred or removed en tirely, this, official stated. WASHINGTON. Feb. 8. A Jons dispatch received today from Ambas sador Penfleld, in Vienna, is under stood to announce the adhesion of Austria to Germany's course'. Tho status of the new Austrian ambassa dor who arrived Thursday, was stated officially this afternoon to be undecided. PRECAUTIONS SAFEGUARD COUNTRY TO THE TAKEN (Continued from Page One.) president declared he could not be-' lleve that Germany would not regard her obligation and inti nded to des troy "American ships and take the lives of American citizens." Iouder cheering greeted the announcement that the pl-esident would come to con gress again to ak authority to "use any means that ma- be necessary for the protection of oii. jseumen and our people" should "American ship and American lives" be sacrificed. When the president concluded congress arose again and cheered and remain ed standing -while the president left the chamber and hurried back to the white house. Before leaving the presi dent went to Speaker Clark's office with the committee of senators and representatives who escorted him and each shook hands with him- WlMh the president reached the white house he conferred there with Secretary of War Baker and Secretary of the Nary Daniels. While the president was addressing congress, law adviser, Woolsej, of the state department, was at theGerman embassy with a commuhioftUon fori Count voa Bernstortr. The communication contained pass-" ports for the ambassador, his wife," the embassy staff and his suite, which comprised more than a hundred per sons. A note, believed td be substan tially the same an the president's ad dress to congress was included. MJIJTARY MATTER. WASHINGTON, Feb. Soilings of American merchant vessels for the prohibited war aone were stated of ficially at the state department today to- have become a military matter. No Interpretation was given to indi cate whether th' means that the ships will be armed, convoyed or held In port. Whether the overnment will arm ships- or convoy them is a sub ject not finally decided, but a defi nite announcement is expected short ly. Whether armament or eonvoy would be taken by Germany as an act of war in itself is uncertain, but It Is not doubted that an attempt to resist a German, undersea boat would toad to hostilities even if war is to come immer diately. It. is highly im-, probable that" any element of the great orgaied-fightV' ing unit of the navy would ; De employed in ; convoy or other duty that would scat ter its elements. NOR FOLIC. Feb. i.--TJnder ft'rders issued tonight the baVeenles .af Tort Wool, ln Hampton Roads, have -beert manned by forces from .Fortress- Mon roe. In time of peace -only a few men are kept on duty at Fort, Wool. Strangers have been barred from the reservation at Fort Monroe. ' Guards have been stationed at all approaches and all batteries, there, and guards have been put on the mil docks and all government wharves. STRENGTHEN STATUTES. WASHINGTON. Feb.- . tsn. in strengthen the federal statutes under wnicn prosecutions may be brought, against those committing offenses in the Undted States to further th in.. terests of foreign governments were hastened ln congress today after 'the oreas wun uermany was announced. PAP SPORTS DISCONTINUED. m.edToda'y by ik, rtolfr" by th forbid all officials divulging move- L'V1?6" Mvral month; mo msnts of war veesels. . Tt w prosecution i sui or the Atlantlo fleet Its maneuvers near would Guan- nounced continue tanamo. Issuance of .passports to Germany has been suspended. Governor Man ning, of South Carolina, was the first of several executitves'to telegraph the president approval of his course. CHILE APPROVES. SANTIAGO Chile. Feb. S. The breaking off of 'relations between the United States and Germany, although expected, has caused a great sensa tion among all classes. The attitude of the United Statfes ds approved Between the chancellories of Ax- renders were approved bv a en.t sub-oommittee when word came thab President Wilson wanted action on them hastened, and theyyprobably will get to the floor of the' senate early next week. United States and any other bel ligerent government, notwithstanding the fact that certain passages In the imperial government's note of the 4th Inetant might appear to be sus ceptible of that construction. In order, however, to avoid any mis understanding, the government of the United States notifies the imperial government that It cannot for a mo ment entertain, much less discuss, a suggestion that reepect by German naval authorities for the rights of citizen of th United States upon the high seas should ln any way or In the slightest degree be- -made con tingent upon the conflict of any other government affecting the rights of neutrals aad non-eofnbatanta. Rs. spfmsiblllty in such mtttrrs is sinrla. not Joint: absolute; - not rJaHfe.' "Ka til note of the eighth of Mot, ed the chamber, and then it burst into cheering as the president bowed and began reading very slowly. There wax tense silence as he proceeded, outlining first the negotia tions with Germany, her pledges to the United states after the destruc tion of the Sussex and the new naval order of Germany declaring for un restricted submarine warHore after February 1 The assemblage burst Into applause when the president declared he had directed the secretary of state to an nounce "to the excellency the Ger man ambassador that all diplomatic relations between the Cn'.ted States and the German empire were server ed." There wer cheers and hand-elap-plng. republicans and daoiocraU Joia inr In the demonstration. There was more cheering when the NOTE HANDED BERNSTORFF IS SIMILAR Tff WILSON'S ADDRESS WASHINGTON. Feb. t. The nota Imperial German government ln re- handed to Count von Bernstorff with gard to submarine Tarfare." his passports, conveying a formal nott. Then follow the quotations used by Rcation that the United States ' had the president in addressing .congress. severed diplomatlo relations conforms i concluding with the one from a mem- closely In substance to President 11-i orandum accompanying the Merman son's address to congress. note of January SI, giving notice of Signed by Secretary Lansing - and I unrestricted cava. I warfare. addressed to the ambassador, the No Alternatives communication reviews tersely the , "In view of this declaration," con- dlplomatio correspondence between eludes the note handed the am bass -the two governments since the sinking dor, "which, withdraws suddenly and of the Sussex, using the same quota- without prior Intimation the solemn tlons that were embodied by the pfesi- assurance given in the Imperial gov dent ln his address. It then announce ernment's note of May 4. ltlf, this bluntly that "all diplomatic relations government has no alternative con between the United States aad th Ger- eistent with th dignity and honor of man emolr are severed." That Am bassador Gerard will come home and that Count von Bernstorft" passports have been made ready. The note begins as follows: The Note. "The secretary of state to th Ger man ambassador: "Department of State. February 3, 1(17. "Excellency: the United State but to take th course which It explicitly announced In It nota of April II, lilt, it would take in the event that th Imperial government did not declare and effect an abandonment of the method of submarine warfare then employed send to which the imperial government BOW purposes again to resort. "The president has, therefor, di rected me to announce to your excel- NEUTRA LITY DrjTY. NEWPORT NEWS, Va., Feb. . . The coastguard cutter Yamacraw, th . battleship Arkansas and a sqaad of thirty artillerymen ami a lleutenant from Fort Monroe tonight are dolntf neutrality duty there. Collector of Custom tforrlian T? HamlltAfr H4 nr.-. dered that a close (ratch be kept on, the German steamer Arcadia and the Austrian steamer Budapest, tied up,' here for safety. Th collector sold that he had re-i eelved no advices relative "o the dis position of the steam era The artillery, men were sent over to guard th Ap pam. The Yamacraw and Arkansas ore on duty near the capes. ' Extra -watchmen hate been placed On duty at the shipyard where th' battleship Mississippi UI being, com-, pleted. Yard official anticipate na trouble but wish to be en the aafs. side. Shipping activities at this port are normal, according .to th collector of customs., SPEED TROOPS DEPARTURE. Et. PASO. Texas, Feb. I. A q' order received at military 'headquarters to-1 day speeding tip the departure of the, Sixth Pennsylvania infantry by ten day Is taken here by millta-y -oiflcers to mean the state -troops will 'ie usel at eastern military depots because of, th crisis with Germany. The regl- '. ment will leave the sixth instead '-of. the sixteenth of this month. In acknowledging the note with ao. lency that all diplomatic relation be- com ponying memorandum, which you ,tween the Unitad State and the Oer deHvered Into my hand an the after- man empire at severed and that th noon of January 11. and which an- American ambassador at Berlin will nounced th purpose of your govern- b Immediately "Withdrawn and ia ac me nt as to the future conduction ef cordanc with Such announcement te submarine warfare, I would direct deliver to your excellency year pas. your attention to th following etate- port. ment appearing ln the correspondence ; - i have th honor to bo, which ha passed between the gov1- I "Tour excellency ntx sen aw, eramant of th United State and th' ".ROBERT ULM5INCI." MOSTMr AMERICANS. OALVBoTON. Texas. Feb. I. Th Americsm steamer Housatonic, which wo sunk today . off-tho Scllly Islands, was commanded by captain T. A. Elisor, of New York, and of the crew of thirty-seven men which sailed aboard the vessel from Galveston. twenty-five were Americans. - Ralph Jonea, Denmark, was first -mote Paul Boness. Chicago, second -mate: L. golem. Norway, a naturalize ed American, boatswain, and David Loudon. Scotland.. also a naturalised American, chief engineer.- Other ot- ' the t-rew included J. M. Oteaa, or' Oleosa, Sootb - Carolina, and U M. Prttchett. Tennessee. About twenty--Ave member of th ti mm war ship- : ped her. " . - - - "-C Tltl to a bom In Orov park -M ' like a osrtlftoat ef-dapoait of a bank " --always wortb "ft " f ao value eia Interest. "Pbona lilt. AirU r