THE ASHE AIL LE fITIZEN
u5s
THE WEATHER
FAIR.
rwT7rNr watct. atis
BRING x RESULTS
j y " v " .
PRICE EiIVE"XJ2NTS
VOL. XXXIH, NO. 159.
ASHEVILLE, N. O, SATUKUAl MORNING, M AIKJff Si,1 1917. '
GERMAN RIGHT TO
APPROACH
MEXICO
AND JAPAN UPHELD
Zimmermann Contends He
Had Every Right to
Seek New Allies.
INVESTIGATING
SOURCE OF "LEAK
Sent His Instructions by
What He Considered
Safe Route.
- liONDOX, March 30. Reuters
Amsterdam correspondent sends the
following concerning the address ot
Dr. Alfred Zl mmermann, minister of
foreign affairs in the German
relchstag with regard to Germany's
attempt to embroil Mexico and Japan
with the United States:
"Hugo Haase, leader of the socialist
minority in the relchstag, remarked
that the German offer of an alliance
With Mexico had aggravated the
situation with the United States ana
Dr. Zlmmermann, replying:
"I wrote no letter to General
Carranza. I was not so naive. I
merely addressed, by a note that ap
peared to me to be a safe one, in
structions to our representative in
Mexico. It Is being investigated how
these Instructions fell Into tho hands
of the American authorities.
Proposed Alliance.
"I' Instructed the minister in
Mexico, In the event of war with the
United States, to propose a CJerman
alliance to Mexico, and simultaneous-
V in KllfftrPKt t 1 1 ' 1 f T'J Tl'J n Inin tho .1.
liance. I declared expressly that, de-
j spite the submarine war, we hoped
: America would maintain neutrality.
, "My Instructions were to be carried
out only after the United States de
clared war and a state of war super
vened. I believe the Instructions were
, absolutely loyal as regards the Unit
ed States. General carranza would
? P , 3 6 u T . '?
' f.f ! J 6 V . hd. 1ot pu - I
, llshed the instructions, which came
, into 1U hands In a way which was
r . . . . ... :
contrasts considerably with the be-
JCQntlnued on Page Four.)
VESSEL BELIEVED
: Tu BE GERMAN RAIDER IS
or
Captain of American Steam
er Believes Ship to Be
the St. Theodore. '
HAD THREE BIG GUNS
March $0. An armed vessel he- '
pieved to be the converted Gorman 1
J raider St. Thomas was sighted In
mid-ocean three days ago by the
American freight steamship Mon
golia which to.day . arrived at an
American port ...
If It was not the St. Theodore, the
.Mongolia's officers were certain the
! vessel was a German raider, both be
' cause of her actions and because her
wireless operator talked in German.
The Mongolia encountered the
raider March 27, one thousand mlfes
east of Sandy Huok,' the officers said.
The raider approached within a half
mile of the American freighter,,
circled around her and then made
away . without signalling, but her
wireless was crackling out messages
In German to some unknown re
ceiver. The stranger, undoubtedly
' was a converted merchantman, had
two masts and one funnel, was paint
ed a war gray and armed with three
big runs. She has a speed of about
sixteen knots. The . Mongolia's of
ficers took her for the St. Theodore,
Which was captured by the German
cruiser Moewe last December ln,u.) "During the night of March
South American waters and fitted out 28-4t part of our naval forces,
with armament. ( crUM a the barred sone off the
- The St Theodore was reported In , south of England," says an official
Copenhagen dispatches today to have i
been sunk off Rio Janeiro after hav
ing transferred to the Moewe the
prisoners the St. Thomas had cap
. tured from the British steamship
.Governor afler sinking the latter ves
sel. -
The arrival of the Mongolia today
marked the completion of the first
round trip made by an American ves-
. set since the Inauguration of the Ger- j
man ruthless submarine warfare.
tain Emery Rice and carries a crew
of 141, of whom seventy-two are
Americans.
NOTICE TO NEWS-DEALERS!
t
Commencing tomorrow (Sunday, April 1),
The Citizen goes to a strictly non-returnable
basis. This applies to both city and out-of-town
dealers.
Out-of-town dealers who have not placed
their orders for tomorrow's Sunday Citizen are
; : requested to wire in their order not later than
6 p. m. today. , .
. THE CITIZEN COMPANY.
ADMINISTRATIVE BRANCH
OF AMERICAN GOVERNMENT
HAS DECIDED ITS POLICY
Official Announcement Withheld but For
mal Recognition of a State of War Is
Expected to Follow Convening ot Con
gress Germany Making War on U. S.
WASHINGTOX. March 30. The
administrative branch of the Ameri
can government haa determined defi
nitely upon a course of action to meet
the hostility qf Germany- While offi
cial announcement Is withheld pend
ing the appearance of President W11
on before congress, formal recogni
tion of the existence of a state of war
is expected to follow soon after tho
extra session begins.
Is Writing Message
The president, having decided on
(he principal features of the address
to be delivered to a joint session of
the house and senate, Is putting the
document in writing and today he had
a flnaj discussion with his cabinet.
The meeting lasted only an hour and
a half but wltlj conclusion quickly
mado known, time was found for at
tention to Individual departmental
matters. Later the president confer
red briefly with Secretaries Bauer
and aniels, heads of the war and
navy departments.
There is said to have been no dif
ference of opinion in the cabinet on
(he great question. The president's
advisers as well as official Washing
ton generally have long since accept
ed it as a fact that war actually is
being -waged against the United
States.
Germany Making War.
Officials believe that Germany 4s
making war on this nation because
she has taken more than 240 Ameri
can lives on the high seas, because
she has destroyed American ships by
the wholesale, because millions of
dollars worth of damage has been
done aa a result of German plots In
i ,ne l-'nKed States, because she has
attempted to set on foot a conspiracy
with Mexico and Japan to dismemDer
the renubllc and finally because of
the belief that Germany triumphant j
will constitute a future menace to ine
peace of the world In general and
of the United States tn particular.
Just what part the United States
! will play Is a question the government
wiii uiat in u. ijucowvh .
has yet to determine. The subject
haa been discussed generally within
tne administration, but the broad
poV1,y to be pursued will be developed
defined by congress and urgent de
fense steps completed
After the president has delivered
hta address, congress Is expected to
takvJln'er.P,"H1ru, prompy
the granting of a large credit to
government and o provide for the
raising of an army of perhaps one
million men. Other measures auch
as a censorship bUl, a spy bill, the
regular army appropriation bill and
emergency legislation for the army
and navy, also will be submitted.
All Possible Done.
Aa summarised todajv everything
that the government believes can be
done without congressional action to
arm against Germany either has been
done or haa been planned. Every
4-
VIM., BADLT DEFEATED. 4
CHIHUAHUA CITT, March f
30. iFrancisco Villa at the head
i of a cavalry force of S.BoO men
f made a determined attempt to-
f day to capture Chihuahua City,
but was driven back with the
loss of BOO prisoners and 350 In
killed and wounded. . 4
4- 4- -f -f -f -f -f -f -f
CITIZENS TRAINING.
ROANOKE. 'March 80. At the
instigation of several patriotic .lead
ing citizens, a movement begun sev
eral days ago to train Roanoke's
civilian male population in military
tactics, has grown to unlooked-for
proportions. Beginning with only a
few mildly interested men, the com
pany of civilians, daily training on
Market square under the direction of
local national guard officers, haa
reached more than a ihundred. Inter
est In the drills Is Increasing dally
and local guardsmen predict the com
pany will increase ' largely within a
few weeks.
CRUISED IS BARRED ZOXB.
iMSTIKrUM via. Tendon Mar.
sstatement received here from Ber
lin. "Beyond the armed English
steamer Mascotta which we en
countered eight miles east of
Lowestoft and sunk by artillery fire,
neither the enemy fighting forces nor
merchant shipping was sighted.
Seven men of the Mascotte were
made prisoner."
WOMEN TO VOTE.
Governor Graham today signed a bill
which permits property holding worn-
en to vote at town meetings.
government department is "engaged In
some work of preparednes. I,ensun
taught by the experiences of Kurope
are being utilijiei as far as possible.
What dav the president will appear
before congress to deliver his mo
mentous message will not hp fixed
until It is seen how long it will lake
the house to organize.
It is realized that there will be
some opposition In congress but sum
marries of public opinion collected
by officials have convinced the admin
istration that Hie nation will stand
almost soli'dly behind any action 1he
president may recommend and no
doubt is felt about the result at the
capltol.
The pacifist element both Inside
congress and outside will make It
self heard before a decision is reach
ed. Monday, delegations of opponents
of war will come here to attempt
to Influence congress.
While the details of the conference
between the president and Secretaries
Baker and Daniels after the cabinet
meeting were not made known, both
of the cabinet members have before
them many questions concerning 'he
strengthening of the nation's de
fenses. They include: The early
graduation of the firwt class at West
Point, the putting of the coast and
geodetic survey, wllh Its fleet of ves
sels, under "the navy department,
transfer of supervision over priva'ely
owned wireless plant from the com
merce to the now department, col
lection of lar?re numbers of privately
owned boats suitable for submarine
chasens. and purchase of supplies for
the army and navy.
Shifts Kxpr-ctcd.
One of the few problems facing the
government Is that of making certain
that men and women do not go into
the army or navy who are better
fitted for Industrial work. Special ef
forts are being made to keep skilled
workers out of the military branches
except when they are needed.
Additional national gua(d units
were called out today to participate
In the work of protecting public prop
erty in the United States.
There Is understood to 'be, a strong
probability that there, will be several
important shifts of offices both in the;
army and navy soon.
Since the severance of relations'
4th.-lf many" erne ry thin g "PossTbtr'
has been done toward getting Araer- j
leans out of that country. With the
last, four consuls safe on Swiss soil
today, very few Americans remain
under German control except the
forty-seven Belgian relief workers
who still have two weeks "news quar
antlne" to fulfUl under their agree
ment. A few other citizens remain
In German despite full warning, but
they are thought to be largely Ger
man-Americans who remain by pref.
erece.
ESTIMATES UNO PUNS
FOR RIVER AND HARBOR
IRKS ARE SUBMITTED
Report Specifies Many Im
provements Now in Pro
cess of Completion.
SOME ARE COMPLETE
WASHHNXyrON, March SO. Estl
mates and plans for river and harbor
works to provide adequate facilities
for operations of the navy for de
fense of the harbors on the Atlantic,
Gulf and Pacific coasts were sent to
the capltol today by Secretary Baker
for submission to congress. . The re
port, made under a requirement of
the naval appropriation act of 1MI
and embodying the conclusions or the
general board of the navy and the
Joint army and navy boards was pre
pared by the chief engineers of the
army.
Many of the Improvements listed
are In process and a few of them
have been completed. The navy re
port says the stations at Norfolk. New
York, Puget Sound and Hunter's
Point, San Francisco should have a
channel to the sea forty feet deep at
mean low water and those at Boston,
Philadelphia, Ban Diego and Mare
Island, channels thirty-five feet
deep.
The only connecting channel whose
construction or Improvement the
navy department considers necessary
Is
mai inrougn Men Gate and East
river between New York hrhp .a
Long Island Sound, where it says a
depth of thirty-five feet should be
provided as soon as practicable and
an eventual demh of forty feet.
Inland waterways to accomodate
all classee of naval vessels, the re
port says, should have these char
acteristics: Controlling depth at least
thirty-five feet forty feet If prac
ticable: locks will be 1.009 feet long
110 feet wide and depth pf water over
the sill of forty feet overhead clear
ances and fixed bridges its feet to be
at- mean high water if over tidal
streams. For torpedo T-sssels there
should be at least sixteen feet con-
trolling depth; locks 115 feet long
thirty-five feet wide and sixteen denth
of water over the sill, and overhead
rlearances of fixed bridges of lot
feet
The report makes this estimate for
Norfolk: Thirty-five too$ depth com
pleted and estimated cost of forty
foot depth would be ll.M7.6S0. f 4 -
IMOe or IMSC.OOt depending ot
the width.
Still
FULLY EQUIPPED AERIAL COAST PA7R0L
STAld$, HUGE AIR CRUISER AND ONE '
kkPLANE GUN OFFERED GOVERNMENT
Rodman WannapiktrJhrough the Aero Club of America, Offers to Give This Equipment lo the
United Slaleslames G. Gerard, Speaking At Dinner ot the Aem Club, Says That War
I - lof Today
NEW YORIv. Malr3&i-The fully
equipped aerial coast aH!l station at
Fort Washington, N.VsMher with
an air cruser,, flttef rltb twt S00-
horse power motors; tnd an airplane
tune, were offered? the, government
tonight through the), Aero Club of
America, by Koaroin vvannamaxer.
Announcement oC tie gift was made
at a ainner, or me awj ciud, ai woica
former Ambassaapr James w.
Ger-
s rd u nun i fit 4. tttik sneakers
and
which was attended?. many men ot
Alan R, Hawley tesident of the
club, announced thai the Collier
trophy offered annuajr for the great
est achievement in afatlon In Ameri
ca had been awardld to Elmer A.
Sperry and Lawrenei B. Sperry for
the development offa drift Indica
tor. He made publl, also the award
of the Aero olub's jDiedal of merit
which has been gives to Miss Ruth
Law for establishing the American
distance record across country; to
Philip Carroll for hl patriotic work
In training military arlators; to Floyd
Smith for establishing American
hydro altitude! reeorls; to Corporal
A. D. Smith, U. 8. A., (or the American
hydro duration reoprt; to Captain C.
C. Culver, U. 8. AJ, or wireless ex
perimentation and tc.james V. Mar
tin for the Invention '(Of the aero-dynamic
stabilizer. .
Mr. Gerard in his Iddress declared
that modern war is largely a matter
of mechanics and munitions. The le
gend of the embattles farmer Is re
sponsible, he said, for much unpre
paredness. jr
What War If cans.
"We hear even today," he said,
"prattllngs about emlhttled farmers
talcing their old muskets from over
the chlmneyplece an 4 defeating the
Invader. But nowadays the old flint
lock means Zeppelins,; airplanes, cap
tive observation balleans, steel hel
mets,' gas and gas masks, machine
guns, searchlights, sixtetn-lnch guns
and elghteen-inch Howitzers, trench
CTED
OF
ATLANTA
William Pol
Active in
Street Car SI
te, Will Be
Sentenced Tod
ATLANTA, Ga.. Mafch SO. Wil
liam Pollard, labor ofenlzer, who
active -In the stiet carmen's
strike here, was conted of per
jury In Superior courtitoday. Sen
tence will be passed tdfcorrow. Tho
penalty Is not less than three and not
more than ten years lithe penlten
tlaryV
Pollard was chargedfyith perjury
a result of his tesi
tony in the
case oi u E. ixnagen,
ccntly con-
vlcted in connection wl
dynamiting
of street cars here.
Pollard came to .
t last fall
from Chattanooga, whei
Ihe had been
prominent In a carmei
strike and
street rail-
assisted In organising
way workers here. He
been con
on of the
nected with the organ i)
Amalgamated Associate
of Electric
and Street Railway
'orkers of
America In various soutl
and mid.
die western cities.
MUST RAS8 EXAMfATIONS.
WASHINGTON, Mar
10. Post-
master General Burlesol
will make
publio tomorrow an tzi
dive order
ued by President Wil
provld-
ing that after April 1.
it, second
and third class post ma
before be-examtna-
ing nominated must
ttons prepared by tk
ll service
o amission.
Kickihg Wis Dog Around
. ....., f
Is Question of Mechanics and
mortars, ranee finders, telescopes, ar
mo red automobiles, i tanks, miles of
barbed wire, underground mining,
rockets and " grenades and countless
other instruments of war, the proper
use of which can only be learned af
ter years of hard application. All
these modern means of war require
great preparations. If we are In for
war we ar in tor serious war. s i
"I believe- that the. men of German
blood who have Joined us will remain
loyal to this country;, AWHI not thar
wgsiffqgasjsjMh
forty-eight be with us in the fight 7
Some of the finest blood In America
comes lo us from the men of forty
eight, or those who left Germany be
cause they sought more freedom,
more opportunity than they could ob
tain In Europe. We must extend the
helping hand to our German-Americans,
who, affected as was their right
In the beginning by a purely senti
mental feeling toward the land of
Germany and the German people, are
now ready to climb on ' the band
wagon.
'But if there are men whose desire
It Is to abuse our hospitality to sow
tne seeds or riot rebellion and trea
son then I think we know where to
festoon them. But these will be few.
and help and tolerance must be our
watchwords while the nation forms
for war behind our president. I
Every Peace Move Made.
"We go In this war only after every
move was made that could be made
for peace. No one knows better than
I do the masterful efforts ths presi
dent made. His work in this connec
tion will show like silver In the dark
pages of the history of this dreadful
war. The president and his cabinet
have been doing a wonderful work to
prepare but he always works, wheth
er for peace or war, without the ac
companiments of a brass band."
Stephane Lausanne, editor-in-chief
of the Paris Matin, and member of
the French national committee, de
clared France is fighting to restore in
Europe "a spirit of liberty, of human-
11 M-
OVER FORTY AMERICANS
An American , Seaman Says
They Are Held as. Prison
ers of War in Germany.
COPENHAGEN, March 10 (Via
London.) More than forty Americans
were among the prisoners taken to
Germany by the German commerce
raider Moewe,-according to Jack. Ben
son, an American seaman wno nas ar
rived her. The Americans, he says.
are held as prisoners of war In Ger
many.
Benson, who for a time was a fel
low prisoner of the men held in Ger
many, says that nearly all of the forty
men were horsemen aboard the horse
transport Esmeraldas, which was sunk
by the Moewe. The only exception
whom Benson was able to mention
was an American named Smith who
was aboard the British armed mer
chantman Brecknockshire.
The German auxiliary cruiser
Moewe. according to reports from
Berlin, took Zti prisoners to Germany.
Shipping men at Newport .News eari
this week said that fifty-four Ameri
can muleteers were aboard the steam
er bsmeraldas.
Fifty-nine American seamen taken
to Germany by the prise ship Varrow
dale were released by Germany March
10 and aow are on their way to the
United States.
THE VV KTHH1.
WASHINGTON, March !. Fore
east for North Carolina: Fair,
wanner Saturday; 8'inday, rain cold
r 1a central and west
Munitions.
lty and above all of respect for Inter
national law. : '
"Even alone," he declared, "WO
would continue to fight but we will
welcome with a joyful heart all those
who will fight with - us, not because
they will help to the victory of France
or to the victory of Kngland or to the
victory of Russia, but because they
will help to the victory of right, of
justice ana oi 'civilisation." i .
'- Letters of regret were received from
Theodora Roosevelt ; 3etp,r,,,H,,;-
and others.
Geraldlne Farraf 'sang "Ths Utar
Spangled Banner" during a standing
toast "To the Commander-in-Chief of
Our Army and Navy." '
GERMANS AT OinHTJAHtTA.
El, PASO, Texas, March 0. Two
Germans appeared at the Chihuahua
City foreign (club Sunday morning as
the guests ef the German residents
of that city and were said by their
hosts to have escaped from the Ger
man raider Prlns Eltel Fried rich, In
terned at Philadelphia, according to
an American, who arrived tonight
from Chihuahua City. The American
said he saw the tw Germans. One
of them was small In stature, of a
decidedly blonde type and about
tweiity-flve years old. The other, lie
said, was about thirty-five yean old
and heavily built
DEFENSE RESTS.
NWW YORK, March 10: The de
fense rested today In the trail of six
Germans charged with conspiring to
blow up ships carrying supplies to ths
entente allies with bombs that were
manufactured on the steamship
Frledrlch Der G rosso tied up at Ho
boken since the outbreak of the war.
The case will not go to the Jury until
Monoay, nowever.
SPEAUK AGAIN
Nomination Is by Acclama
tion and Every Effort Will
Be Made to Save Time.
WASHINGTON, March 10 Plans
for prompt organisation of the house
when .lt assembles Monday, so there
may be no unnecessary delay In hear
ing president Wilson's address, were
msde by the democratic caucus today
when 'champ Clark was nominated
by acclamation for speaker.
The ways and means committee
was Instructed to report democratic
committee selections directly to the
houso. This latter provision will
eliminate the usual delay of submit
ting the selections of another caucus
and was made In the Interest of sav.
Ing time.
Tonight the republican organise'
tlon committee cf twenty-eeven had !
a long meeting, but failed to decide i
upon any definite course to be recom !
mended to its party conference to- ;
morrow. The only action tikua was :
the appointment of a sub-committee 1
to propose to democratic leaders an ;
agreement to pair for the speaker- i
ship fight all absentees on account or
sickness. I
Neither side ,has any deAnite Infor- !
nfatton as to how many of Its mem
br may be absent Mondsy. but i
thre probably will be one or two of
each. A pairing agreement would
make the big parties even lu any
event and virtually place the selec
tion tn the hands of ths Ave lnda-
fendeata. p.
MORE VILUIGES:
ARE CflPTOBEO BY
BRITISH TROOPS
German Retirement Because?
of British Pressure Ad- . .
mitted by 'Berlin; '
FRENCH RECAPTURE T4
SEVERAL, POSITIONS
No Important Activity qn'
Any Other of the .Main "
Fronts.
British troops in France have oc
rupted three more villages In " the)
Somme region; and In the .Cham pafqa
the French have recaptured the po
sitions taken' by the1 Oetmans ore
March 25. ' . , , ' .
A German retirement on both sldee
of the Perone-Flns road because of
strong British pressure Is announced
by Berlin.
Othr Ground Gained.
Two of the villages captured by thsl
British, Fins and 8orl-Le-Grand. are
on this road, while the other, Ruyal
court, Is three miles to the north and
eight miles west of Bapau'mo. Field
Marshal Halgs men, London says, ef
ter hard fighting also have gained
ground west of Sorel-Le-Orand in the'
direction of Heudicourt and , toward
the railroad, running south from Mar
ooing. A German . attack against the .
British positions sooth of iNeuvllle
Bourjenval, between Ruyaleourt and
Fins, is reported by ,London, to have
been checked with loss.' j -r ',:
-' Canadians In 'Action. . ' -l j
. Canadian troops have been In action
east , of Neuvllle St . Vaast Berlin
say that four Attacks by a , Canadian
force .were repulsed , with heavy loss,
while London , Claims , the , German
lines were entered and prisoners tak- -en
after casualties were Inflicted ion .
the defenders., i,? .". r;4 ui.m.
French troops In tha , sector ) at
Vrsgny-Margival, northeast tot Hols
sons, Paris reports, made progress, f
, West of Malsons de' Champagne, a
French counter-attack resulted In the
Germans being forced to .give up the
positions gained on Wednesdays "The
ALIENS SEEKING; U. & r
CITIZENSHIP WILL BE
"GIVEN CONSIDERATION-
In Event of War Foreigners 1
Who Observe Law Will
Not Be Molested.
MANY GERMANS HERE
WASHINGTON, March 89. Aliens
seeking American citlsenshtp will bo
given favored treatment If It becomes
necessary to put restrictions on for
eigners. The state department In
formed the labor department today
that tn such a contingency,, declara
tions of intention to become citiaens
will "be given due consideration."
Tne government's attitude, although
as yet not publicly expressed, Is un
derstood, to be that If the United States
Is forced Into war with the central
powers no move will be made towards
Internment of their nationals within
the United States, even army and
navy reservists, as long aa the for
eigners observe the country's laws.
Property rights, too, will be respected.
Applications for cltlsenshlp from
Germans have poured Into Washing
ton since relations were broken with
Germany. More than 100,000 .- had
come In within the last year, but for
the fast two months all records have
been broken. .
The census bureau estimates that
there are in the United States now
about 160,000 German cltlsens ever
twenty-one years old. In 1910 there
were In this country 8, 381.(11 persons
of German stock, of whom 1,501,111
were born In Germany. There were
1,011,847 born In America of German
parents and the remainder were born
In the United States of parents one
German and one American.
Of the 2.501.11 persons bom In
Germany 1,278.687, were males twenty-one
years and older. Of these
888,007 were reported aa naturalised
and facts as to the remainder were
not ascertained.
The labor department was notified
by the state department today also.
that Russians taking out citizenship
papers should renounce all allegiance
to the present government of, Rus
sia" and not Emperor Nicholas.
THE ASHEVILLE C11IZEN
Circulation Yesterday
Citv ....... 4,433
Suburban .
Country .
Net paid
Berviee . .
Unpaid . .
'Total . .
. 4,153
. 1,689
.10,275
. 214
. 208
.10,697