Newspapers / Eastern Courier (Edenton, N.C.) / Jan. 4, 1900, edition 1 / Page 1
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.W-' : 4 "is Onufard and Vpi&ard. 1 VOL. V. EDENTON, N. C, THURBD JANUARY 4, 1900. j ' JSF0.29. 71 -A C1VIIN II iN 0 "Rsl; & - " ' , ' '. r-s . ' ' : : : : THE SUPREME LAW Should Be the Safetytff the Common wwith, SAYS JUDGE WILLIAM S. BRYAN. , : Af Loyal North Carolinian, Now Of nary Ind, Discusses the Salient Features of the Amendment. 1 Baltimore, Md.( Nov. 27, 189$. Hon. F. Simmons: .Mr. Chairman: Great sympathy with the people of my native State induces me to address this letter to you. I am deeply impressed with the vast im portance the public Question which is now engaging their attention. The events of the last few years need not now be mentioned except in a general way. It is not probable that they Will be forgotten by those who witnessed fheir horrors. The courage of the peo ple during the trying scene preceding the last, election, and their heroic for bearance under . the greatest provoca tion, merit, and will always receive the highest praise. A grateful country will always highly honor the brave men who were leaders in the struggle for the welfare and happiness of the State. Their work was well begun, but it is not yet finished. The public evils require a remedy fortified by public law. The. wise and judicious men wha framed the pro posed Constitutional Amendment calmly and deliberately considered the great troubles which were oppressing the people of the State; and in the true . spirit of enlightened statesman ship! sought a remedy for them; dis missing from their minds the natural resentment caused by the enormous outrages which had been committed. They saw that the fruitful origin- of misdhle lay in the possession of the elective franchise by a large number of vicious and ignorant voters. They saw that these men readily became ,the victims and tools of unscrpulous demagogues. And they devised a sgheme for the removal of this dan ger by the purification of the ballot box. For this purpose they recommend to the people of the State an amend ment to their organic law. The sec ond, third and fourth sections of the proposed amendment contain "tife im portant matters which are submitted to the public Judgment. The second section declares that no person shall be permitted to vote who hais been convicted of a crime which Js punish- ; able by imprisonment in the peniten tiary. The fourth section requires 'that every voter must be able to read and write any section of the constitu tion in the English language. The fifth section requires that no male per son, who, on the first day of January, 1867, r at any time prior thereto, was "entitled to vote, under the laws of auy "State in the United States, wherein he then resided, and no lineal descendant of such person, shall be denied the right to vote by reason of his failure to possess the educational qualifica tion prescribed in section four. It is believed that no objection has ben made to the eeco'nd. second section; but the fourth aftd fifth sections have been severely criticised. Dismissing the consideration of convicts, these sec tions taken together describe the per sons who are entitled to vote. Taking them negatively, they determine that no one shall vote unless he has the required ability, to read and write; or unless he was a voter in eighteen hun dred and sixty-seven, or a lineal de scendant of such voter. Taking them affirmatively, those persons may vote who can read and write, and who were voters in eighteen hundred and sixty seven and the lineal descendants of , cuch'votrs. The two sections taken to gether describe the whole body cf voters. If they were dissociated from each other, they would give an imper fect view of the meaning of the amend ment. If one of them is rejected, the other section would defeat the mean ing altogether; and would provide that the voting population should not em brace' the persons contemplated by the amendment? If the people1 adopt the amendment it will be their purpose that they both shall stand together. It would be idle to suggest that they could have any other meaning. It is plainly written that all those shall vote who are named in these sections. No "others are permitted. It is also plainly written that none shall vote who are forbidden by these sections. Those are designated who are consid ered worthy of the elective franchise; who can be safely entrusted with the highest privilege of citizenship. Un lettered men are not treated like out law's. They as often as other men ex hibit in their lives the qualities of nonesty, virtue and pariotism and very frequently in ordinary business and in practical wisdom they far excel the mere student whose life has been immersed in books. L,et us take an ' example of such men; and we will take it at random without any special care in making a selection, providing only that he shall be an average man of his class. As is well known, he is hdfiest, industrious; faithful to his wrJrd, keen ly alive to his rights and determined to maintain them. Visit his . home, and you will see a happy family grow ing up around him; his wife cheerfully and ' faithfully performing her part as his helpmate, sharing his joys and lightening the burden of his sorrows; and his children walking in the foot steps of their parents, preparing for lives of virtue and usefulness in their y day and generation. Children, reared -Hnder the dally Influence of such homes I and firesides, though their lot be cast 3 in poverty and hardship, have an in heritance more precious than gold. When such a man as I have described 5 L haa voted for thirty years he has prob- I ably heard a great many public discus gions, in hich the speakers have ear-J .nestly set forth the arguments for and- agalnst the measures to be decided by 'the results of popular elections. , Natu rally he would also make them ; the subject of. frequent conversations with friends and neighbors,,1' Thefe is no difficulty in obtaining full information respecting public affairs anywhere in North Carolina.. What would fee the result? Certainly that h would Have all thd means necessary for ap intelli gent decision pt the questions submit ted to the public judgment. There can be nd doubt about .his wish to decide rightly and honestly. As little doubt can there be about his capacity to do so Who then can be so bold as to allege that he is not worthy to be a voter? Who would assert that he would ue the elective franchise so as to endanger the public welfare? His Sons, brought Up Under his eye, would be apt to inherit the virtues of the 'ather; and they in turn wauld trans mit them to their s&ns The heredi tary descent of the domestie virtues, "and of love J9f teountfy, may be readily traced in numerous and familiar in stances. It. may be asked Whether the training in 'the stern discipline of ad versity as has been deseribedi would hot strengthen and elevate character more than the small amount of educa tion required to reaS and write a few Bentehce.3 in the English language. It is difficult to suppose that anyone would answer this question in the neg ative, but if there be any such persdri let me refer him t& living examples everywhere around him; It was said of a valiant American officer Of our 'Revolutionary War that he Could neither read n5r write. Yet he suc cessfully led his men in marly d des; perate enterprise, and oil many a bloody battlefield his daring deeds won unstinted fame and glory. His cheer ing presence was an assured presago of victory for friends, and . defeat and disaster to foes. Who wili say that such a man was not worthy to vdte? There is no brighter page in history than that which records the struggle of a few hundred Swiss peasants against j thousands of the bravest and best dis- j ciplined - soldiers of Europe, These j poor men, unlearned in books, loved j their freedom, and in defence of it, S fearlessly fought against odds thouhgt j to be irresistible; Their triumph was marvellous and the world resounded j with their praises. Wili any one dard ; say that they should lose the fight td j govern their country which they loved j and served so well? How could they j have any part in its government unless ; they voted! i It is surely superfluous to argue to a j free people that they havfe a right to ; provide by iaw the peace, order, hap- j piness and good government of their ! own country. If they have not 5 this i right, they have lost their liberty. The j most benificent and effectual exercise ! of this right is to exclude unworthy ! persons fram all shafb in the govern ing power. The source of this power is the ballot box. Up to this time the State Of North Carolina has already freely and without question regulated tha leciiv- the Ccnsti- tution of seventeen hundred and sev enty-six, no one was allowed to vote : for members of the Senate unless he j owned fifty acres of land. Many now living recollect when . this restriction ' was removed. Up to the year eighteen huiidl-ed and thirty-five free hegroeS i voted; although their right was much questioned. By the amendments pro- , posed in that year and adopted by the j people they were disfranchised. The i people are now, and of right ought td i be as free as their fathers were in j seventeen hundred and seventy-six; although in some instances their rights ! have been downtrodden and abused. ; It is supposed by some that popular I right has been infringed by the Fif I teenth amendment to the constitu j tion of the United States. Let Us con- j slder this question. This amendment j declares that the right of any citizen of j the United States to vote shall not be : denied or abridged on account of race, color or previous condition of servi- t tude. In other words that the negro shall not" be denied the right to vote on account of his color. A black skin shall not be the designation which ex cludes him from the ballot box, if in other respects entitled to vote. It doe3 not say that a black skin shall give him the right to vote in spite of just Qualifications. It by no means exempts him from the effect of general laws. It does not intimate that the States have not -the right to declare what are the proper qualifications for the right of suffrage. It is declared by tae mgnesi auiaurny uiat an men all have an inalienable right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Yet general laws have always been passed which for just reasons take away these so-called inalienable rights. The safety of the commonwealth is ever anrl at nil times tVip annrpmp law Trt it every other consideration is subor-1 dinate. No government could exist on the face of the earth whvre this prin ciple was not enforced. Every free government lias the inherent right to provide for the public peace, health, good order and happiness. Let us see what doctrine, the Supreme Court of the United States holds on this ques tion. In Kugler vs. Kansas, 123 U. S., page 663, it said: "But neither the amendment (the Fourteenth) broad and comprehensive as it is nor any other amendment was deaigacdjto. in - teriere wun me yuwer wi t.vpif.e, sometimes termed its police HioWer, to prescribe regulations to proniote.Jtne health, peace, morals, educatidn " and good order, of the people, and to legis late so as to increase the industries of the State, develop its resources, and add to-its wealth and prosperity." This was said at October term 1887, more than seventeen ' years after the adop tion of the Fifteenth amendment. In the same opinion it is said: "That this power belonged to the States when the Federal Constitution was adopted. They did not surrender it, and they all, have it now. It extends to the entire property and business within their local jurisdiction." In Kid vs. Pear son, 128 U. S. R., page 96, it was said: "The police power of a State is as bread and plenary as its taxing power." In Powell .vs. Pennsylvania, 127 U. S. R., page 683, it was said: "It is the settled doctrine of this court that, as government is organized for the pur pose among others, of preserving tht; public health and the public morals, it cannot divest itself . of .tone power to provide tor tnese ODjeets, it is wen known .that a State is forbidden by the Constitution of the United States to pass any law which shall impair the Obligation cjt' a contract. But hear what the Supreme Court says, on this suhjectr'The constitutional prohibi- tion upon State laws . impairing the obligation 6f contracts does not re strict the power, of the State to protect the public oiealtli the public morals, or the public safety; as the one tJr the other may be involved in the execution of SUCK 'Contracts Rights and privile ges arising under contracts With a State are subject to regulations for the public morals, and the public safety.'' Kugler va. Kansas, page 6&5. In the sciine opinion, gages and 667, it is saidf "Power "to determine Such ques tions, 99 as t blind all, must exist somewhere. Under our system that power is lodged Lwith the legislative branch ef the government. It belongs to that department t9 exert what are known as the police powers, and to flltefmirie" primarily what measures are appropriate or needful for the pro tection of the public morals, the public health,, of the public safety." Other extracts of the same" import frdm the decisions pt the Supreme Court might be given in great numbers. But. these are sufilcie'n't. Now it is pertinent to ask if anything is more intim&teiy .onnected -with the public welfare than the exclusion" of unworthy men from the ballot box and the estab lishment of the right dr worthy men bo vote; The Amendment pro posed to the people of North Car olina prescribes qualifications and dis qualifications for voting; The rult does not depend on color; but the abil ity td read and Write of them posses sion of the knowledge of public af fairs, acquired by long continued vot ing of acquired from being brought up at homes and firesides Whe"f6 the pa rents have this knowledge It is idle to allege ns Ah objection to this rule that it would exclude a number cf ne gross. When they are excluded, it is because they are destitute of the qual ifications And hot because they are black; Suppose every negro in "the State could read and write; he could VOte Unless he had been convicted of trlme The vaiiJity of the amendment rests upon the power of the State to adopt it; and not on an ascertainment of the persons whd will be affected by it. A lav to punish larceny, or to punish certain nameless crimes against the sanctity of the female person could not with any justice be alleged to deny cr abridge the equal rights of negroes, if it should be ascertained that the greater cumber of offenders were negroes, The law would be the avenger of crime, and not a tyrant who abridged the rights of color. The law Would be wholesome, just and righteous, operating impartially on all who should Come under its condemna tion. What if. the law-maker knew that it would reach more negroes than white people? Their color would not cause their punishment, but their ! crime. Should it be alleged that the ; law-maker hated uegroes, would that j invalidate the law? Weuld not its j Validity dept-nd sbiely on the comp? i tency of the law-making power tj pass j it? Bat there is no necessity of dis j cussing this question further. Because i the decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in Williams vs. Mis : sissippi puts an end to all controversy. ; The Constitution of Mississippi con ! tains a disqualification of negroes sim- ilar to that proposed in the amend -; ment The court saya; "Restrained by the Federal Constitution from di3 i criminating against the negro race. the convention discriminates against i its characteristics, and tjie offences to ; which its criminal members are prone, i But nothing tangible can be deduced from this." And the Constitution of Mississippi was determined to be valid 170 U. S. R., page 222. Some uneasiness has been expressed lest section five of the amendment may be declared void, while section four is sustained. I have endeavored to show that they .are both valid. But any alarm about the separation of these sections is needless. They are both parts of one complete system; without both of them standing together the effect and significance of the sys tem would be destroyed. By them it is declared who are entitled to the suffrage; that is to say, those who can read &nd write and thoge whQ haye voted for thirty years and their lineal descendants These two classes com pose the body of electors. Now does not everybody see that it is an absolute r.nr.trcirHptinn nf thiv m-!nr to ccv j that Qnly one of thesg classes shall be included in the body of voters? Can anything be more manifest? If a court of justice is ever called upon to con strue this amendment it will be its duty to ascertain its meaning. Since iustice wa.s first administered on earth, no court has ever decided that an in strument designating two classes means to designate only one of them. Suppose a man should state in his will that his property should be divided between his two sons, John and James. Is there any system of legerdemain and chicanery by which this will can be tortured into meaning that only one of the sons should have the property? If one of these sections should be con strued to be valid and the other in valid, the whole amendment should be set aside as null and void. Because in its mutilated condition it would not fulfill the purposerand intention of those who adopt 'it... AUd to establish such a mutilated Amendment would be making an addition to the Constitution for the people, essentially contradicto ry to the one which they had adopted for themselves. Nothing so preposter-. ous is possible. Of all instruments, it is most necessary that Constitutions adopted by popular vote should receive the meaning intended according to or dinary methods of thought by persons engaged in the ordinary business of life. In State vs. 'Mace, 3 Maryland, jpage 351, it is said: "Although it is a well recognized canon of construction that where legal terms are used in a statute they are to receive their tech nical meaning, unless the contrary plainly appears to have been the in- tention of the legislature, the princi ple, however, does not apply to the interpretation of the organic law, which is to be construed according to the acceptation of those who adopted it, as the supreme rule of conduct. Tjoth for officials and individuals." In Bandel vs Isaac, 13 Maryland, 223, tha couil says: The words in such an in strument (the Constitution). ought to be taken In their ordinary ancf conimen acceptation, because they are presumed to have been so understood by the fra- mers, and : by . t Be" people htgiadopted it." See also Manly vs.- Stkfpr "Mary land, 147. - J U - x Though long resident fc6nd the limits of the State of North Jjarolina, I am cohfiected with man (jjjits cit izens by tbe tenderest ties. pJkindred affection and friendship. tjke deep interest in whatever concenhe wel fare and happiness of hap pple. . I know that . Ahey are wotb& of the choicest blessings which. $ea yen ever bestowa on mankind. Thiy dejerve an administration - of publie .affairs, which Ehall comprehend i,n its spciaU-and po litical benediction "whatsoever? things are true, whatsoever fchingsfre. hon-' est, whatsoever things arejjusthatso ever things ; are pure ; whatsoevert things are. lovely, . .whatoefjS? things are of good report; if t&erajbe1 any virtue and if there be any ppUise." I most fervently hop? that the people of the State may adopt this rai't 'wise, Just and salutary amendment; p.nd se cure good: government tp themselves and their "posterity forejp? Jr-.nd for ever. SHBJPBJ $YAN. Kov. 27tbV1899 3i STANbPOlHT OFv&blGES.. ' i .1, rhe eftra i'tnl ve Lived Mfce$i Differ ence In the Outlokl, "Did you ever notice,' aj&ed-. the Uolder member of the group lining in to the gas log at the club "of; rather, have you net always notic"d tta mark edly different effect" upofl )p mind exerted by th& coming of ieeptem ber equinrx and that of Iar? The" arrival of the fall equinox seetjs to fill the whole human tribe itpvgloom; that of the spring with ircpatnt 3oy. I contend that these effests.jre uni versal and that their causes f$fe- pecu liarly simple. Of course; - ajjg talking about latitudes. approximat;ngJuur own. In the decline of the year? asthe' sun is rushing 'South, as the leaves are growing grfj.y and wrinkled ajgfthe. days wane and the nights wrjhen no longer one can comfortably out of doors, the arrival of the rafv Sftember days which are chilled anji- dmpeneu, fills the. sensitive soul with anticipatory dread. These heralds of tie "iffenlng year, about to -be laid on,ts sfao, iiKe a corpse in a morgue, give wa-rUng not 1 only that the melancholy J4ys, are j come, but that the longn rtltrn win- j ter, chill, desolate and forbidhg, will soon begin, 'ft is different : middle ! March: Then the patter rot Jve drop- j ping rain holds out a pr-ml;. The j song birds are seeking sutjime' homes ; again. The reviving grasnr the ten- j der mounds which burgepn Ittpon the , sap-thrilled . branches of he-iwaken- j ing trees speak the incensed - tnguage 1 of life and love. The restore brooks i babble that they have thr:?wn-.6ff their j shackles. Daily the sun j buis more ardently upon all the pIsesTj of the :irnng earth. The an i&;;iuu 01 The ah- is?; .'full promise. Man feels, hop.,! ag$n, and ri-viriP thrills hnm Hp ' ttii- wRnt whv. move the deeper fouiUam. of his heart." The talker paustd- ad those who listened looked duly ?-mpssed by the depth and poetic b$autS of his sentiment. . That is, they fiUn til an moi-DreaKing youth or zv- wjn nopes to captain his eleven-this yeajS; a rude thing of brawn and blood,h'tt in yith a characteristically phrased dejection "Say, majoir," said he, "that'all guff, don't you know. Winter's thtlme ot all' the year; , Then's when , a fal man really has Teal joy. Didn't yu ever skate ten ille3 on crinkty "e, with your best girl, hand in haijdr drive her behind tinkling sleighert tothe time-beating 'fact of a fast trx.tier, and drive with one hand at thfc? fjWhat's the matter with Jd Thank.Vhg -flay, and the game on the gr id ir4' brings, or with merry Christmas ojrjkd New Year's? Look at the balls ML$ the. op eras and the dinners and tg'e fear lit tle dances. Say, major, 3sv'.e dead wrong. All these Septemfe? '-.heralds of melancholy you've talked out are heralds of futn. Hdw about inflows?" The major looked- long aninglngly upon the' young man's glvi face. His voice shook a little asS' put his wrinkled hand upon the jun shoul der. "It's all in the point csjfew, my son," he said. V 'Once I wasEFhg, and now am I old,' said the W,grew of wisdom." ' 1 .V:f? 3 S 3,-S WhUVy and Coffiaf&v Capt. Slocum, who is teilijj in the Century of his voyage axfijtl the world alone in a little sloop; a t Spray, was familiar with most ofe ports in which he found himself c.nfiis jour ney of 46,000 miles. One of, j&ese was Buenos Aires. There he loo'&e in vain for the man who once sCStj!;; whisky and coffins rn Buenos Alrestfe march of civilization had crushed Ulin mem ory only clung to his namn "Enter prising man. that he was, Iij$i would have looked him up.. I ren eHber the tiers of whisky barrels, ranjo'n, end, one one side of the store, wH5 on the other sine; and divided by jVtSln par tition, were the coffins intge same order, of all sizes and in r.tftt num bers. -The unique arrangem4nyseenied in ordr, f or" as a cask was 'ertfptied, a coffin TtoteM he filled. Besldf cheap whisky , andS tiihaT other liquors, ha sold 'elder,- which he maTit.ctured from ; damaged Malaga ralsi 4WithIn the scope of his enterprisnas also the sale of aiineral waters, ijisentire ly blameless of the ger.ms -lisease. "riiic man swrelv catered M'iall . the tastes, wants, and conditigitiibf his customers. ' I rs A Perfect- oot., . . New York Tribune: Auogjists say that a perfect foot is as )ftas the bone in the forearm. whichretends from the wrist to the ebcwferhis is the measurement accepted ; fejjrartists; Arms are sometimes out ..opropor- tion. it is true,1 out -disproportion isAusuauy is uo. ttnn of deficient, rather tht,nfr excess A Ton trth: -fn PUCh CaSC j i 'Wlll h found generallythat the t?of,:?lsl, U 400 short for thf stature oi ithwoo. A&BIClTitL I To Protect Tfeei, The Texan way of protecting trees from rabbits and insects ;is to stir a teaspoon! nl of- Paris green into a gal lon of white lead paint. 3crape the dirt away from around the trunk down an inch or two and applif the paint with a brush and up to boafc.a foot, and a half. Scrape back .the . dirt to the trunk and press . it cjosse. Young trees should be painted befpre setting. This prevents attacks but does not de stroy insects already in-thti tree. . f - S tori ne Potato2i Dig potatoes as soon hs the skin will not slip, as this gives Ihem a bad appearance. The only precaution necessary when digging fa Ho take care notto cut or bruise them. Have a good digger. There are several on the market. I prefer-an elevator dig ger, which leaves the potatoes all on top, free from vines. WH'n the po tatoes are taken from 1 field they should be assorted by Running them through a potato Ecrepu having holes li inches square, which obviates ex tra handling. The small ones can be used for seed. Do not allow potatoes to lie exposed to the" sun long after they are dug, as it will injure the quality, Potatoes keep beit at a low temperature, a little above freezing. Many are spoiled by keeping them in a temperature that is 4ob' high; I keep mine in. cellars whicfc are built With building tiles, thus providing air spaces. The bin should iot ba too large. A bin that wI i hold 200' bushels is large enougl ? When I store them in the cellar s2 sprinkle them freely with air-sae,ked lime, which prevents them from rotting- Ira Graber, in The Epitajnist. . A Securing Haystkg. Where animals are allowed to feed at the stack there i3 danger that they may undermine and become suddenly buried under it. To aoid danger, - .1 V .VJ KEEPING. THE HAYSTACK FBOM FALLING. 1 ; n-t a stout poie in the ceqter ot the I stack, allowing the top to project. To this attach three ropes or Ismail chains and carry them out to etout stakes driven in the ground, as shown in the accompanying illustration; ?eat yunr Cow, ; method for determining tli milt value of eacll cow is. now, -within the reacil of aIl farm,ers iileY learned to demand that tha Babcock test .shall be used to determine how much butter fat there is n, the milk they seud to the factory in tpr4er that they may be justly paid f'r it. This same desire for fair play" should be extended to the cows. .ah one of" them should be given an eijal chance to demonstrate her buttr-roducing capacity aud to have it measured' by , the same method of weighing and A t 1. "till 1 1 tesuug ner miiK mac iiia'iwmer re- j qUireg of tho factory. The farmer who wishes to keeo cows that will support hit and does not intend to work for thw purpose of supporting his cows. need ;,o under stand that: ;j First If 150 pounds of Jbtter.only pays for the yearly feed, aad care of a cow, then ono producing only this amount or less is not paying a profit. Second One cow is oftn worth twice as much as another,! more than two cows, although1 there mtly not be a very marked difference be tween the total annual prdnction of two cows. This may be illustrated by comparing the I record of ti cow that produces 125 pounds of buster with one producing 150 pounds The for mer yields twice as muci profit as the latter, provided 150 pounds rep resents the amount necessary to pay for feed and care, and a, 250-pound cow makes twice as much above ex penses as one with an anjjjnal pro duction of 200 pounds 0! butter. Wisconsin Experiment Ssation Bul letin, i I A, Winter Gate? A gate that must be nse?d Jn winter is often opened and shuV With diffi culty wheu the snows be'gome deep. If the hinges are made according to the plan shown in the ac&ofnpanying illustration tho gate can be raised continually as tho snows; become HINGE FOB. IIAISING THE GAtE ;30 AVOID '.' DEEP SKOV. J -. deeer and deeper. The lonjr-part of j the hinge is made of a. rodol irohthat mil Turn pan TlID TflftfTBmTnHiiu:r r, i W't. " part of the hinget In the lower hinge have three or four holes di illed through tho iron , rod, as shown. When- the gate is to be raised slip a twenty peony wir'e nail through the required hole beneath the part containing the eye, and, the gate will stand at the elevation required. . When the snow is gone the gate-can be returned to its natural position. j Diseases of Poultry. . The following remedies for poultry diseases are given by Home and Farm, and may prove valuable to those who keep chickens: , eotjp. j " Boup is . unquestionably the i most dreaded of 'all the diseases to which poultry isubject. It is caused from a negleeted cold, and when once it has gained a foothold ib is well nigh im possible to subdue it.: Theje are many methods of treatment, ,bui that which is most generally adopted is as follows: Confine all afflicted fowls in dry, warm coops, free from draughts and dampness, and feed on hot mashes. Treat the throat, mouth and nostrils yrith a solution of common salt, pre pared as follows: ."Tnto two gallons of warm water put offo teacupful of salt and thoroughly dissolve it; with, this carefully wash the mouth and nostrils, being sure that all mucks' is removed. After this inject kerosene into the nos trils and put a teaspoonful of kerosene in each gallon of drinking water. Do not let such fowls return to the flocks ! for two weeks after treatment. cholesa. : Cholera is contagiousand extremely fatal when it attacks a flock of fowls. It is caused from overcrowding, bad sanitary arrangements, unwholesome food, and from various other causes. It is a disease about which very little is known, and one which is often mis taken for some other. The first symptoms are drowsiness, accom panied by thirst; the fowl, in moving about, having a slow, unsteady gait, with heavy and labored breathing. The" comb and wattles lose their natural color,- usually becoming pale, though sometimes turning almost black. The fowls have diarrhoea and the crop fills with mucus, thus "pre venting the food from digesting. On first appearance the. coops and yards should be given a thorough cleaning, and every part sprayed with crude carbolic acid. , Separate the afflicted fowls and burn the bodies of any that may have died. One of the most successiul remedies, and ono which- at the same tinie involves but little expense, is kerosene. In one gallon of cornmeal put one gul of kerosene, and mix thoroughly .with warm water. This should be suffi cient for fifty hens and should be given every other day to those that show the least symptom. canker. 1 Canker ia caused from filthy quar ters and unwholesome food, aud is readily distinguished by small ulaers in mouth and on head, and a watery discharge from the eyes. Wash the head and month with warm water and castile soap, after which anoint with carbolized vaseline, repeating the operation daily until a cure is effected. CROP BOUND. Crop'bound can hardly be termed a disease, it being simply an obstruc tion of the channel through which the food passes from the crop to the giz zard, and may be variously caused a bone, hard, dry grass in fact many things will produco the trouble. A teaspoonful of castor oil will often af ford relief, or au opening may be made iu the upper part of the crop and the foreign substance removed. After treatment feed lightly for a few days. GAPES. ! Gapes are undoubtedly caused from filthy surroundings, and -are nothing more or less than small worms which establish themselves in the windpipe and strangle the chicks. They are always found in chicks at from two to six weeks of age, and the best remedy -is prevention. Chicks that have a nice grass plot to run over never have gapes, but should any symptom appear give each chick a small piece of camphor the size of a grain of wheat, daily for four days, and put a few drops of 'turpentine in drinking water. LEG WEAKNESS. Leg weakness, unless hereditary, is caused from overfeeding, always at tacking the large breeds. " 'k. pill, made of one grain of sulphate of lime and half a grain of quinine, given three times a day, will afford relief, unless the fowl is totally unable to walk, in which case there is scarcely any medicine that will result in a cure. SCALY LEGS. When scaly leg makes its appear ance the whole flock will be attacked, unless prompt remedies are applied. The trouble is caused by a small parasite', which burrows under the scales on the legs. An , application of sulphur lard and kerosene in epVT parts daily lor dayo-will prompt ly, arrest the , trouble. Kerosear should 'be poured OTer roosting perches air least weekly, and there will be no neecT of -other: remedies. Remember that all diseases have their origin in neglect, either as to food or 'care of surroundings. Few of us will admit that such is the case as applied to us, but facts are stubborn, and if we will go carefully over, our work we will surely find that we have in some way failed to comply with the lawr of nature as required ih poultrydom. Lime is cheap, and is one of the very best disinfectants and purifiers of foul surroundings that, we can find. In .fact lime is indispensable- in the. poultry yardj both as a , white wash and to te used dry, sprinkled over the floor and ground. .' Guard against neglect in every form and there will be ' little use for f emediest and s sik fowl wiu xaiely oyer &eien State Engineer Bond of New 'YorJfc is paying great attention to the matter of construction of gooduoads and has just issued a bulletin catting attention !j to the necesssity of care, after -" tha ;4 roads are constructed. Hte 1 .says: ?. jgg Boads in the country fire continu-:.: ally subjected to the action of the ele-i: -JS ments, :the wear of the wheels anctrf -J horees' feet, and the continual pptmd- jifS ing it receives from passing loads. " Therefore after a road has beehac cepted by the State Engineer as com- :'r. pleted, and turned over to the officers of the county, it is then that the duties -of the officers really commence, and it depends on their efforta'as lor5 rM what the life of the road "will - ba J -. whether they, spend the money wisely ; ' on maintenance, or will allows the ,,-7-road to deteriorate and make expen yM; sive repairs necessary. As no pro : V-; vision has been made in the Higbie- g Armstrong bill for such maintenance,: aside from the provisions in section ' ', 33: "All persons owning property "v; abutting on such road so improved, . . or residing thereon, shall thereafter, pay all highway taxes assessed againsb them in money, in the manner now provided by,", it may be wel to con- . ' aider the various methods in vogue by which roads can be kept from de teriorating. This subject is so Well understood in JBoropean countries , g that we need lookno further for the ' cause of the excellence of their Jto , Three HTstBmaATin ' -Ci.' (1.) By contract with"jprivate par-- (2.) By the aid of Che rural popula tion, and (3.) By the men employed for ! that purpose by the community. ' i' 1 Of these three, only the third pro position is the proper one. Thiaiuw the system used by France a-d Ger many, the objection to Nol being that it has been tried 'and found1 wanting; to No. 2 the aid given by ; the rural population is not applicable to the maintenance of an improved!' road, as such a road needs the superb, vision of a man perfectly familiar with this class of work, and suoh a one can only gain this familiarity by being constantly and permanently: employed. Men who haye been given- charge of a piece of road soon becomja interested in it, and will strive ener getically and intelligently to make their portion of the road the best. It would seem advisable, therefore, that the third proposition should be adopted by the supervisors of the county in which the improved road ia' situated. That is, a man should be appointed and employed permanently,, who should have the road or a certain! portion of it in his charge, and whjo, 1 under the supervision of the officers) of the county, should be responsible! for its maintenance. , f- The bulletin then gives detailed in structions as to the methods whichl should be employed to keep roads in' good condition. j Cost of a New York Road. The speakers at the recent farmers' congress illustrated the working 01 the New -York law by citing one road in Oneida County. The total cost was $14,686. Of this the State pays $7343,, the county $5140 and the property, benefited $2202. The fifty per cent.; paid by the State comes out of the $50,000 raised by the law and amounts; to one cent on $1000 of assessed valu-j ation for each taxpayer throughout the State. On the assessed valuation of Oneida County each taxpayer paid- Cf cents on each $1000 to raise the thirty-five per cent, paid by thecoua ty. So that each taxpayer in the county of Oneida paid 7f cents on each $1000 of assessed valuation for the road in question, in addition to to which the remaining $2202 will be paid by 'the owners of the property benefited by the improvement. The class of work contemplated by the New York law consists of grading the re d to established grades, constructing drains and culverts and laying a six- inch macadam surface. Cen e fits of New jersey System. As most of the wealth of the State is t be found in the cities, the New Jersey system successfully brings about the construction of improved gravel or stone roads withont laying their entire cost upon the farmers, and without requiring them to contribute more than an equitable share of .ex pense acoording to the wealth of each individual taxpayer. The State aid system successfully answers the objec tion still made by many; that we can not have good roads without over loading the farmer with taxes, of which he is already paying more than his share. The Anti-Rut'Affltaqpn In Brief. In Berlin all street repairing is done nighU-pjr?? . ' ' There aflr64 'Awchr8rganiza tiABPisylTiuii. v , ; It is the narrow tire that is destroy- ? ing oar roads. "As soon as the rains soften them the narrow tires cut likey a knife. T If the farmer wants good roads, and ft i; we know that he wants them, he should insist upon State aid in theiteon'lfi s true tion. ' Other things being qual, the" najc tjon pojseasing the, best facilities - foe transportation and distribution of its product will take the lead Tbebicy cle has been instrumentaHn bringing before the publie the vast' importance of better highways. ,V-- L' '4 "I dojpot believe, say au expert; "that there is, or ever wiltbe.'aooun- try road constructed that will v stand' ' the narrow tire. As fiTe"-4nc -ire,'j howeverV,will tess and make the but- ac e till more solid, especially wheiVrS; the rbaa is- softened by raine- jnsteai",. ofiiti?3g;a narrow tkfrdosi. . ; I '
Eastern Courier (Edenton, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Jan. 4, 1900, edition 1
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