Newspapers / Eastern Courier (Edenton, N.C.) / March 8, 1900, edition 1 / Page 1
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:.: 1 ;.' EASTERN Onward and lpeward. 7OL. V. EDENTON, N. CM T3lJRSDAY MARCH 8, 1900. NO. 39. 1 3AYLUS CADE ALSO FOR IT. :st Hen of AH Parties Are Com ic The Front In Advocating The :ndment. hington, D. C, Special In re- a letter from Mr. R. H. Hayes, tsiboro,'' N. C., asking him to at . "citiizens" meeting which was 'here recently Congressman At- of the fourth North Carolina it 'has sent the following . letter ig his position on the proposed tutional amendment, ir SiT: I received yours of the let. inviting me to be present at oro at a meeting of Che citizens county. I Tegret that my work A. t&ds particular time requires nsonal attention and will prevent yea. accepting your invitation, th your permission I will em this opportunity to state briefly siitkm upon some of the ques now uppermost in the minds of ople of North Carolina. Regard y own personal position, I can that there has been no change. I a Populist because of my sin onviotkras upon certain puhlie ons, and upon the main Issues, induced my change at the time, democratic party subsequently d itself by the adoption of the ?o platform at its national eon n in 1396. During the entire time, I became a Populist. 1 'have never ugly allied myself with the Re an party for the s'ike of the of office, and I claim Chat my L an this respect has '.been en- consistent. tate amost emphatically that I am hite supremacy, for the rule cf hite man in North Carolina, and .e elimination of the vicious ana rat negro vote, which has for stood as an open menace to gooa ament in the State. aator Butler, nor any other man ad me to antagonize my own race oppose the present movement in Carolina to amend the ConsUtu f the State si as to disfranchise lion of the ignorant negro voter- sacrifice the principles of he i&t party by fusing with the Re an party. It is an opportunity i has not came to the people o; tate since the franchise 'fully conferred upon the ue- , and every white 'man who loves ice and his State, should without ition embrace this ' oppcrt unity. n my opinion if he follows hi conscience and his inivL'lua) lent, 'he will do so. iere are thousands of other Popa- Who feel upon this issue as I do hey will be found in this comes: the great 'bulk of the White :i n tortlh Carolina, Senator Butler r i,as made the mistake of his He may 'have regarded it as thc- alternanve wnich promised mm ;ctiori tc the Senate, out there d 'he some things dearer thai cal preferment, and more sacred t'he spoils of office, and this ques- if white supremacy is one. He setter ;have faced defeat, and have back to the ranks of the thou i of honest white men ' in North ina, than to nave 'believed hU past record, and to nave amtago the best elements of his race ir. tate. for myself, my voice and my les are enlisted in the cause of thf imocy of the wihite man in thf rnnenit of North Carolina, and a- as the day of election comes, y will the amendment foe ratified le people at the polls, iere are some good men in the who have feared that if the 5tz m of t'he proposed amendment d be declared unconstitutional emiainder of the proposed amend- wouM stand, and thereby result jfranchising a large number c 3t w'Mte voters in the State e t'he great majority of the b&s; srs in, and out of the State have i it as their opinion that the dmenit would either stand as a e, or be rejected as a -whole, and the 5th section was entirely con :ional; still naturally a doubt ig the people may have existed this question, it being entirely sue of law. owever, if the legislature at its lrned session in June shall adopt ler section to the amendment, as oposed to be done, providing that imendtaeut shall stand or fall as tole, all opposition to the aiend will thereby be disarmed, and nly plausible argument of the op nts of the amendment will be eli ted. Yours truly, "J. W. ATWATBR. " White Folks Convention. e J'onesbcTO Progress calls affen to the fact that, immediately after (lection in 1898, Dr. Cyrus Thomp chairman of the Populist execu coxnimiittee, said: . Is evident that the Democrats have to eliminate the negro ques now. I do not think that the peo vho have given the Democratic r power will be satisfied with any f else than the eliminatioh of the o from politics in North Caro- . Cyrus Thompson was right then, spouse to a demiand from the peo fho put them in power, the Demo- euibmitted an amendment looking e elimination 'of the negro vote, as rhompsion said they must do. ere are abundant evidences that Populists agree with the Demo i even Rev. Bajius Oade is out card rehmking tie Populist lead ot iofoiing iLaads -nitth the Reouh- I ftlll ninent Populist Congressman Favors White Supremacy. , licans again to keep the negro in power. The amendment was submitted in response to a popular demand of white men of all parties. It will be ratified by the robes of white men of all par ties. All the Democrats, three-fourths of the Populists, and white Reauhli- cans who are Republicans from prin ciple will support the amendment when they fully understand it. And before ixie va'iu'iKwgu 01 eoucauon is over they will all understand it. News and Observer. REV. CADE FOR IT. Governor Ressell's Private Secretary Conies Out Strongly. Rev. Baylus Cade, Populists private secretary to Governor Russell says if the Populist convention or. 'wises the amendment this action will be inter preted as meaning a continuation of negro dominaiion, says The' private secretary to the Governor, savs some Populists favor amendment. "It is understood 'that an effort will be made at the coming convention of the Populist party in North Carolina to commit that party to the policy of opjposition to the ratifioaition by the people of the suffrage amendment to the State's constitution now pending l'he writer believes it would be very unwise for the Populists to take any such action as that mentioned above; and the Object of this writing is to give the reasons some of them at least which, in the writer's opinion, make it unwise to attempt to commit the Popu list party to the course indicated. It is unwise to attempt to comanit the j Populists to the policy of resistance to the amendment now before the people, for the reason that they themselves are not united and cannot be united in such policy of opposition. He knows very little about such matters who does not know that there are some good and influential men in the Populist party who believe that the ratification cf the amendment furnishes the long-desired opportunity to rid North Carolina poli tics of that incubus known popularly as the negro question. It is no answer to this to say that ratification of the amendment will not eliminate the ne gro from our politics. There are many good and intelligent and patrio tic men in the Populist party who honestly believe that the incorporation of the amendment into t'he State's Oon---tuution will have the effect of taking the negro out of politics in North Caro lina; and these men ought not to be driven out of their party for entertain ing this opinion, unless the party is thereby to gain some clear and su preme advantage. But not only does there not appear any clear and su preme advantage to compensate the party for this loss of strength, but there appears mo compensating ad vantage to it of any sort soever. "If the Populist party shall array it self hy utterances in its platform oi otherwise, against the proposed amendment to the Constitution, its ac tion in that regard will be inevitably interpreted to mean that it intends to lend 'itself, asa party, to the work of perpetuating negro domination in cer tain sections in this State. It will be nothing whatever to -the purpose for the party to say it means to do no such thing. It will be charged with, and convicted of, actually being engaged in doing that very thing." A Contrast. J. A. H. in Charlotte Observer. If it was wrong for Mr. Goehel to contest, it is equally wrong for Mr. Pearson to contest- Mr. Crawford's seat; yet no , Republican paper has called hiim a rascal for doing so; nor called down imprecations on the heads of the committee of Congress that has Jieiclared him entitled to the seat. No body doubts that he will be seated . And not a single Republioan paper between the oceans will ever by im plication reflect upon Mm moral and political integrity. Why this differ ence? The cases are parallel. Pearson's party had the election machinery as did Goebel's; both were defeated on t'he face of the returns by almost ex actly the same relative majority; both J contest. Here the parallel ends. Craw ford's supporters have not shot Pear son to death from Crawford's offices- or vicinity. If one or two ' thousand Democratic mountaineers had boarded the train at the opening of Congress and had gone to Washington armed with Winchesters swearing to "see jus tice done" Crawford, and had paraded the streets of Washington with the connivance of Mr. Crawford and had finally assassinated Mir. Pearson on the steps of the capitol, where he was going under his lawful and constitu tional right, the 'parallel would be complete. But who thinks they could have done such a thing? Grover Cleve land or even William McKinley would have had every solitary man of such a mob behind the bars in two hours after he set foot in Washington. Taylor had no desire to do such a thing. He allows the mob to enter his executive office; to try to overawe the legisla tive body; to camp aibout; to menace every 'body and everything till they shoot down his comipetitor; then he trains his Gatlings, not on those men, and fixes his bayonets; not against their ingress and egress, but on the Representatives of the people who seek to, meet in the halls for the "business of a 'sovereign State. He stops the offi cers bearing the .mandates of the courts, and while protecting the, mob declares the peaceable and law-abiding city in a state of Insurrection. "We are not advocating the policy that will get one man's hand Into an other man's pocket We shall he satis fied if we can keep every man's hand out of everyone's else's' pocket." W. J. Bryan. A SCHEME EXPOSED. Another of .Butler's Tricks Conies to Light. Winston, Js. C, Feh. 10. Special. 'Mr. J. J. Marshall, one of the first men to join the Populist party in this coun ty, recently received a letter from Sen ator Butler asking certain information in order to get ready to organize the Populists against the amendment. Mr I T ,1 .11 S 1 . T-l 1, L 1 iviitiiyijjitiii is ipaitnocrc .r-opuuisn, wnu believe in white supremacy, and his reply to Senator Butler will be widely quoted :and will do great good. I havt. been permitted to secure a copy of the letter which Is as follows: To Hon. Marion Butler: Sir: I am in receipt of your circular Jefcter, which has heen, I presume, sent out to hundreds of other Populists all over the State, and as I 'have some what to say ithereon, I will call your attention to the full text of it, which is as follows: Washington, D. C, Jan. 22, 1900. Mr. J. j; Marshall, : Township. 'My Dear Sir: Please fill out and re turn to me as soon, as you can the en closed 'blanks. . On first blank (Frm No. 1) gave me the names and postffice address of the Democrats in your township who are opposed to ballot hox stuffing, and Who are against the proposed disfranchis ing suffrage amendment, or who you think might vote against it if the should be convinced that section 5 is unconstitutional. On the second 'blank (Form No. 2), give me the names and post office ad dresses of the Popuilist and white Re publicans (indicating the politics of each after his name), who wera fooled or frightened into voting the Demo cratic -ticket in the last election, or who stayed at home and did not vote". Put an "X" mark after the name of eaich of those who- stayed at home. In the blank place below on this aheet, give me t'he names and post office addresses' of six active and re liable Populists in your township who will distribute literature and who can be relied on to assist you in other ways later. On the back of this sheet write any remarks or suggestions you can make. Enclosed find a copy of my open let ter on the amendment and the election law. Trusting for an early reply, I am. Yours very truly, MARION BUTLER. You ask, sir, that I send you the names of Democrats of my township "who are opposed to ballot-box stuff ing." I work for a living and there fore have not the time to make out a roster of the Democrats in my town ship. There may be some of them whe are not opposed to ballot-box stuffing: i-nch men can perhaps he found in ail parties, just as men can be found in al! parties who are willing, aye eager, tc sell their principles for office, and just as there are political leaders who do not hesitate to indulge in deals for office and dickers for place at the ex pense of those who have helieved them to be sincere leaders, who, not content with selling their own brith-right for a sorry moss of pottage, attempt to sell also the birth-right of others. There may be D&moorajts who fiavoi ballot-box stuffing in my township, if so I do not know them. These men against whom you see fit to bring the insinuation conveyed in your letter are my neighbors. They have not stolen my property and I 'have no reason to believe they will attempt to steal my vote ot sell it. You are not mistaken in addressing me as a Populist, I am a Populist from principle. Therefore I aim tired of seeing my party given over, at ever election, into the arms of that part Which is most radically opposed to every plank in its platform. I am a Populist, yes; but first of all and abovt all, sir, I am a white man. I made my self a Populist. I was born a white man. I am even what you would term so "prejudiced" as -to be proud of it, and in the fight which is now upon us in this State, so far as I am concerned, I shall stand by my race. You ano those 'who with you assume to speak for the Populist party have left me no choice in this instance, but to change my skin or my party affiliation. I pre fer to change the latter. Have you, Mr. Butler, stopped' to consider what this thing is you are asking me and other Populists to do? Do you realize the position in which you are attempting to place the Popu list party? Pray, sir how far do you expect us to follow you? By what; right do you ask me that I betray my principles and my race at the same time? I believe in the free coinage of silver. You ask me to co-operate with a party that 4s even now riveting the gold standard on the country. I am op . posed to trusts You ask me to join in with a party that fosters and fath ers them. I believe in a white man's government. You ask me to vote with' negroes and for negroes. You go even further, you ask" nty active support against a measure intended to make negro domination 'hereafter impossiible. What good, sir, can come to my State, my party, myself or my family from such perfidious course? I think you have misunderstood' the character and the temper of the men who com pose the Populist party, in assuming that they lack in that pride of blood which makes the white man every where cleave to his kind. I believe that the self-respecting Populist will resent as an insult, this attempt of yours to persuade him that it is not necessary to transmit to his off-spring undiminished the prestige that came to him from his forefathers. You ask for the "names and post office addresses of six active and re liable Populists" in my "township who can he relied on to assist in otber vVys 'later.". In what do you expect these Populists to "assist later?" Do you think to make them parties to your plan to "whip out of the State" the men who ore determined, at any haz ard, to preserve its civilization? I trust there are no such Populists in my township. I feel sure that a half doz en can not be found who will be par ties to any scheme -to perpetuate the danger of negro domination in this State by a resort to violence, If such be your purpose I warn you that it cannot succeed. You may stir up bit terness and incite to toloodt-shed, hut as a Populist, I warn you tut Jeelf-r-epeeting Fo$alista will not 6lf?w you in this toaster.' - fi: y I canned forbear, Mr, ftoaiEy, fe point out to you-frow you have arped the Populist party from its original pur poses; how you have betraygd its prin ciples and! Sold, its opportunities for a song; hor under your gle&aershrp what was oace a mighty ajimy,' 0,000 strong, 'has windied to a fojthribf "that numlber of tascouraged and. disheart ened followers to wnom jog are leav ing no alternative save to gle up their party or to 'become accomplice; with .you in the basest attempt fgafnst the peace, happiness, prosperitylandl civili zation of th com m on wea lth thjat has eyer been made in its histoiy. -a Speaking for myself, my- choice is made, I'll none of it. - Very truly yotirs.V -y . - j. j. maishJlll. Vienna, N C., Feb. 9, 190& , POLITICAL EVENT'S. The AmenfiCbent the Great Iisue With "- All People. ;) (Special v Uleigh Correspondence ) Mr. Bryan's-visit to the Sftate was the political event of the $reek. He discussed oaiy national: isueji and made no aiusion. to State, pplitics, which natu rally absorb practically the entire atte; Ition of the public Jjv.this State and v'tll continue to djj" s until the August election is over .and; that most vital Af Issues, the constitutional amendment, decided by thepedpl at the polls. ; ' . . There is u resolute putting'Jbelfind cf place hunting, office seekingg of ; every kind, until the amendment lis out of the way. A J Democrat whf travels much and who always observes says that no matter where he goe,the peo ple never speak of candidates, tmt al ways of thf' amendment; thafraH per sonal matters are put aside, i?" "t; Ex-Governor Jarvis was Miere this week and said that he did nqj see how the amendment"1 could' possibly! be de feated. Th Republicans are working both openly and secretly. .They will spend monfey ' like water to dfeat ;t. If the spent, as they did, $jg0,000, 4T0 carry North Carolina in 1896 they will spend even more now, for tiey know that with the negro out of! the way they are nothing.. He is ther life and soul. They,. seek to put him ilj the back ground " now, but if thfy'win he will bye air ;bye be more yreminent than ever, and this the. empcrata know very Well. h . A Second", district Democrat,; who livea in the heart of that black belt, says the people in the eastern part of the State must know that tbe amend ment simply must be carries. It will relieve what has been an evr present menace of 30 'years and mots. 1 George H. -White, the ngjjjro' , Con gressman from the Second. : district, whose speeches in which he attacked the character of white women, have made him the most hated .negro; in all the State, went to Goldsboo a few days ago, intending" to stopgthere; he was told to m6ye on, that he was not wanted. He, moved. At New Bern, there are et. Inegfo. magistrates relfcs of the fisio rule," whose terms .have not expfed.- Last week a couple of negroes 'girhfit were doing work-under contract jand' who failed to keep their contract,, secured warrants for the white man? for whom they were working, charging him with keeping money belonging topheiii, and they had those warrants returnable be fore a negroxhaagistrate for he aycwed purpose of humiliating the jvhjte man. A committee called on the magistrate, and gave hltn notice in a !?quie but firm way that' he must n$ hear the case; that if he did it would be lat his own peril. He did not hear it, nbr did the negroes, who brought th suit make their appearance. :J Wilmington led in whitefsupremacy work in 1898 'arid in a mot practical way. The whit;e men of that citjf"havet sent State Chairman Simmons $1232, raised in three hours by to gentle men. He Is'Melighted to teceive' this contribution for the campaign, fund. It shows the intense intergf' or the Wilmington people in themendment issue. It is well "known thaj the. Dem ocratic campaign expenses;' this year will be heavy, and the chairman must depend upon "the contributions; from the people in?exactly this wiry, to aaect the requirements. The Republicans will set .money in all sorts of ways. They have an army of offine holders', all working ljke beavers al4 all ready, to contribute, and besides Jhis money will roll in from the national commit tee, as they Jatend to makeaNorth iCar olina a battle ground. - r ' Some time -ago your co-respondent was assured hy J. C. L. Harris, one of Governor Russell's most trusted ad visers, that the governor Sjd not, be lieve the amendment would-be defeat ed. The governor now gof a bowshot further and; aays and political party which set itsel on reoordlas against the amendment makes 'a. mistake.! The governor is therefore out dj line ;vith Senator PPitehard, Chairmapi Holt and the other - lights of his patyv He is also out (if line with Senior Butler, who has Been in the pastj-his ; most trusted adViseri The gOT,epnor knows better than either of the SnatorS the temper of ihe people as to he matter. Republican State Chairman' Holton says he hfts;established hif headquar ters at Greensboro, and wilfjiave none at Raleigh. v; Bound to Qeparti -ii' San Francisco wave: youihful Stockton raan rushed to caich a' river boat for San Francisco, butwas about two minutes late. The samery. was six feet ont as he reached:;; the dock.. He swung;his grip aboard find, jump ing, caught a rape and a pojjt and held fast. Ever one imagined. hhad.fallen in. Tne ci&p.ain, peering over ;the side, saw his intrepid passengey. "Here, you," he shouted, "by jimiy crickets, don't you" ever' do that agn!" The' passenger? had hauled himelf aboard by this time' and, turning a loqk "ol scorn at the captain, said: "WJiafdio you think I'm going to dojump bacf and try it over?" jj . t . , . ir - - 2 ' --si- United States ships are st3l bringing home ffotiHCuba the bodieriof soldiers who fell ifl-the war with Spain. -.. IGRICDLTURi . - Wheat Farmipe ?: , A Nebraska paper tells .( a man who bought a farm there; ui in "which there was a mortgage of S700 ; :ETe did not mtke much mpney the f ts! year, but he sowed eighty acres -"cf wheat the next year. It was a pocTr year for wheat and the stand was so.foor that bethought he would not hjvst it. He returned to his old homt. t nd lefjfc the farm and the mortgage 1 fight it oat as they pleased; Tl jwheat ripened, fell to the ground alil'seeded it well. There was a fine cr i, and as some was kind enough to ws,at4about it to him, he went back, h;vtted it and sold it for enough toay the mortgage and all his other dab)s. "If at first you don't succeed 7' fc'y, try Feed For Monltinc He i. Meat and ground bones "arti excel lent for moulting hens and s o milk. If tho hens are closely con iud, the best green food is finelj ; chopped clover. A teaspoonful of s.lphur for ten hens may be added to the grain mixture on clear dry days, l mf, it will surely cause them to have rheumatism and become lame if given, ipji damp days. For that reason one nlmnld be cautious that the condition . po vders that may be used contain n.jf tiilphur as they-may be used at an unfavorable time. If corn and whe'at are jteil most ly without regard to the nee io? more nitrogenous foods, at this.iiiae the moulting period may be n;(;8sarily prolonged and the hen ma; i)e very fat though not fully in featbj., ti Iinprovlnjj tli FielJ : - The pasturing of a- nock q a f arm is one of the most effective ' and im portant, ways of improving t; field. And in the general rotation d crops it should be made a special njjrt of it to have the land under tl sheep's feet one year out of thenum in the rotation followed. The pi cjfit from the use of the land will bert re than can be made in any other, v 3 1' The land is improved; troubleso .e weetds wijl be got rid of and turn$j yo good use, and the condition of tat ;$6ld will be better in every way. ItiiHo be re gretted that farmers on this-tbontinent do not realize the truth of tlg-a It is the sheep of Great Britai pd Ire land, of Germany and France, indeed, of all European countries, wfeioh have made the average yield of h& crops ,twice as much as that of oui f elds. Fattening Fowls, j Ten or at most fifteen dajs should be sufficient time for fatten ,1; fowls. Feed' corn meal seasoned with v;alt an'd milk in theJlmorning, at nosa whole corn, and the same at night, ail DIAGRAM OF A POULTRY A fU. they will eat, but be. sur aone is reft. " y: Clean water, plenty of shavt, gravel and some charcoal should e kept where they can help thee selves Fowls fatten much easier it confined in yards than when allowed 1 3 range at will. In the diagram, tnp s des are of ponltry netting: and thesi d is con nected with the pofMtry honse "where they may find shelter from otorms a a, food dishes; b b, watei.. The divisions may be remove 3, But are convenient in separating bri ria. Keeping Good Stock, , The practice of reducing tie stock every year, "weeding" out. tje poor animals, as it is called, has . t v o sides to it, which. may be worth eo jjdering. Poor stock sold in the fallctjie year simply to save the expense. ji feeding them through the , winter, $it)n cost of food is high, invariably ptav? a loss to the owners. Prices are uijttjily low or such stock at any time, fi; espec ially in the fall. Everybodf p)se is weeding out, too, and the dliiy mar ket far them is the butclfte. It would be much more to th's purpose to recommend early in theifrll or late in the summer to weed out tie poor animals that it will' not pay . U' Winter, and make extra exertionii: to feed them up to a standard- w.uch will' mak3 them sell for a decent. p ice. There is hardly an ariimat, ;jo mat ter how poor and inferior, x jiiih can not be bred up and fattened fith ju dicious care so that "it will ,ti)l for a fair price. The lean, cadaver sides, the scrawny hair and the hat'- starved appearance of the animal all be changed for the better. Shi; Vhe ani mals up in some clean, heal ;iy. pens, where they cannot exerci:',t) much, feed them systematically op 'aitening food, water them as they.nied it, and even curry down their rougl :4oats oc casionally. ' . ' This treatment followed "tfj arcfnl ly for a month or six weeks i4 add a good many dollars to the valij of the animal. If wo have scroti tock in the fall of the year that we'.", ft include will not pay to winter, it is j.teb, bet ter to adopt this course -of.ljatment than to hurry them away jtwnce to tho bntchers,' being forced i then to jtauept almost any prico tlii is of fered. - "r Desirable Farms For )rcliar -pnlture. In the vicinity of most oj ,ur large towns and cities are manyv. lijisirable farms that maybe pnrehas'i t'yr little more than the buildings '.t oW and which are admirably adaptej jo orch ard culture. The man wba I Assesses the wisdom requisite to carry ont the details in euccessfally embarking in fruit-growing, will at once determine the character of soil desirable to suc ceed with the apple'. He will not buy a river bottom of alluvial deposit, well knowing that such a soil is not itho natural home of the apple tree. Nor can such farms be bought as cheaply as the rougher and broken fields of the hills and. uplands; and here It is that the apple tree delights to spread itself. Set here in a soil abounding in iron and ferruginous materials as indicated by the appearance of the rocks, the apple tree thrives and bears without much cultivation, as is .wit nessed in scores of orchards in every natural apple-growing region, that the soil has never been turned by the plow on account of the rough and stonv character of the soil. Such orchards, it is well known, with scarcely any attention, produce abundant crops of the finest and best keeping fruit. The one drawback on such soils is the length of time it takes to get an orchard into bearing condition in such locations. Of course, the trees at first are of slower growth. and if propured from the highly culti vated nursery stock it will take a couple of years for them to overcome the shock incident to being trans ferred from a rich soil and the in fluences of stimulative culture to this virgin soil, though, less rich in im mediately available plant food in large rations. But such orchards, begun with good stock, will be lone-lived nnd constant bearers. Farm, Field and Fireside. When Laying Tile Drains. The cut shows a way to keep' the tiles in a drain perfectly even on the rbottom. This keeps earth in sus pension in the water from settling in the irregularities of tho tiles. Take a narrow strip of board and nail two strips along the sides, so the tiles will just fit in between them. Suc cessive strips of board treated in this way will give a row cf tiles that lie perfectly even from one end to the other. This condition is one of tho necessities in successful tile-laying, for any unevenness in successive lengths of tile is quite sure to cause a deposit of sediment, and a conse- quent clogging of the drain. Where so much expense is undergone in open ing a trench for the laying of, tile, to say nothing of the expense cf the tile itself, it seema a great pity to haye a small mistake made in laying theTitile which may soon destroy its useful ness altogether. Thousands ' : and thousands of rod3 of drain tile' ara laid every year, the coat of whieh is almost wholly lost through ao small a factor as the irregular laying of the sections one section not having the same slope as its next neighbor, thus causing a halting in the flow of water, which is sure to cause,, in its turn, a deposit of earthy particles that; are held in suspension by tho water.; Though such a deposit may scarcely be appreciable at first, it amounts to a great deal in the course of a year, and the pipe is all too soon out of order and must be taken up. fte.w York Tribune. I Problems of Soil Exhaustion. ' "According to the report of Secre tary Wilson of the Department of Agriculture," says the St. Louis Re-, publio,- "certain divisions of that De partment are devoting most of jtheir time to the study of the exhaustion of soils by successive crops and the restoration of the soil to its former efficiency. . 1 j "The problem in tho great West has not yet risen"to the importance it has attained in the Atlantic seaboard States, where farms have been yield ing for several centuries. Even in the East it has not reached the impor tance it possesses in European eonn- ( tries France, Germany and the Neth erlands. . ' . "The problem is not so easyj how ever, as it appears at first sight. : The same constituent elements, such as carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, iron, lime, phosphorous, even taken in identically the same proportions, may make as different substances as corn and sawdust or charcoal and idia mond. Then, too, the absorption of the fertilizer by the soil and its con version by the soil into forms in, which plants can assimilate it furnishes an other complication in the problem, so that, altogether, it is as complex as any in applied chemistry. '. "The scientific study of the ele ments which each crop abstracts from a soil and the means by which tbosa elements can be restored to the-soil is a modern development of agriculture. This development has not madethe progress which the apparently simple nature of the problems involved wbuld lead one to expect. It seems aneasy matter to analyze chemically the pro ducts corn, rye. oats, barley, cotton, tobacco taken from the soil and to ascertain definitely the exact elements they have carried off. It seems as easy a. matter to replace these constit uents by means of fertilizers of known composition. , r "At present the problem ist not pressing upon the United States as forcibly as the problem of supplying, water to the arid plains, which only require such addition to become -first class farm land. ' "The time will come, however, when the problem will be the gravest with which the Agricnltnral Depart ment will have to deal, and the work done in that field now will get its re ward then.' s DEVICE FOR SUCCESSFUL TIL'S -LATNG. GOOD ROADS NOTES. Bill For HlgUway ImproTement. " A step that is by all odds the most : pretentions and important in the causa of good roads that was ever taken by the Li. A. W. has been arranged for ; and was announced recently by Pres ident Keer.an. It is a bill to be ini' trodnced into Congress providing ioth nn RTinrnnriofinn rf K OOrt OOA -. Va' expended in highway improvement.' Bepresentative Graham, of tho Twen-ty-third District of Pennsvlvania. will! yiMouu wo um auu tuu xctivu nuppurt of every officer and member of the' League will be called for to aid in se- ,: coring its passage. The detailed pro visions have not been made known yet, but it is understood that it will call for the oonstrnction of national i i 1 1 . . . 1 will serve not only for bicycles, auto-, mobiles and general traffic, but will be practicable military roads as well. That is the sense of tho bill as inter preted by the local officials of the League, and they commend the move as one peculiarly pertinent at this time. While President Eeenan is not personally popular with , a number of the New York State officials, and they; are not apt to praise his doings, the! same men were quick to say that the' bill was most opportune and, although' it might have bad its conception in nrfifur? AnHal amliitinn it wag anma! thing that would receive their hearty' support. The need for a national V highway across the continent has often been urged. The League has fre- quehtly pointed ont the shame of there not being any such road from': New York to Chicago at least, but ia; the meanwhile has concentrated its' attention in local improvements of not . so much importance. Now that the era of automobiles is at hand it is . recognized that an effort to get such ; highways under way will enlist the' support, of this class of travelers, while the recent military activity of , the country tends to make more plain' the desirability of good roads. Alt' official of the New York State division aid: "As I understand it the bill will propose military highways and this strikes much higher than a motor of bicycle and automobile travel. It is a fact that if occasion should arise for the transportation by road of an army from New York to Washington that it would flounder in the sand before it got to Trenton, because the road would not stand the crunching of heavy baggage and . artillery wagons. John B. Uhle, the counsel of this di vision, who often rides over this road, was speaking about this only a few days ago. The point comes that even as far as we have gone injutomobiI ism every-one is satisfied that in thet nftar fntfire sill such naranhernalift of L- . the army as artillery, ammunition, baggage and commissary wagons will be drawn by motor wagons, and prob ably heavy siege gnus will also. "As we are now fixed for roads this' is impassible. What I should say is first needed is a main road from Bos ton to New York and from here to Washington, by way of Philadelphia. Then with a military road from New York to Albany and from there to . Chicago, we would be in fairiy good shape to wait until roads conld be connected with these from the far' South and the Pacific coast. This is . a project that probably would receivet the support of every farmer, cyclist, j automobilist, soldier and hobo in the land, and it should receive the favor! of the legislators; $5000,000 will not! go far toward doing all this, buf would do enough to show a good be-f ginning, and whatever road was built would be an object lesson that would; hurry us on toward national good! roads. The idea of a foreign invasionj and railroads disabled may be laughed;, at, but the idea of a foreign war and a need for rapid transportation to the coast of automobile artillery is not at : all absurd, and I believe that the de-. mand for such highways will be upon; ns before they could be completed, if begun to-morrow. This I say because of the rapid strides being made in antomobilicm." Wide Tires en the Farm. For use on the farm, on all sorts of soil, and under all conditions, whether; dry or wet, hard -or soft, the wide tire ! requires less draft and is more econo mical in every respect, writes John H. Hobbs. It is sometimes recom mended that the front axle of a wide tired wagon be shorter than the bind axle, the theory being that the tread will cover more ground and act. as a sort of roller. In suggesting this in a recent article, its writer pointed out the comparative good condition , of a road at points where it turned and; where the front and hind wheels of a wagon did not follow in the same track. The theory will not work with wide tires. With wide tires the difficulty of turning is increased for the edge of the wide tire will strike the edge of the wagon quicker than that of the narrow tire. But if we Shorten the front axle there would be still greater trouble. Much of the work on the farm could be done with wagons with' low wheels, the body of the wagon; being raised high enough for . the; front wheels to turn under it, as; wagons in the city are male. I have, a low wheel, broad tired wagon and it is the most convenient thing that T have upon the farm. Hoart Building tn Cabs. ' Boad building and restoration in fpund in more tropical countries, but the work is of urgent and impera tive necessity, and Governor-General; Wood will engage in it at once ..with, his accustomed energy. -The field ia! broad enough for the fall exereise oil all his capabilities and resources. A captured ostrich, always, means
Eastern Courier (Edenton, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
March 8, 1900, edition 1
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