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TH': I BSEHVER. FAYETTEVILLE, N. C. THURSDAY, MAY 28, 1908. C 4, HALE, Editor and Proprietor. L J. Hale, Jr., Business Manager. HOW PRESIDENTS ARE NOMI- W have had a good deal to nay, recently, about the genesis or presi dential nominating convention Our inspiration was the surprlslu.- r na tortal propaganda against the Instruc tion of delegates by the home con ventions, which has suddenly been or faulted at Washington. We took oc casion to call attention to the (act that the nominating convention, while an almost grotesque perversion ot the electoral scheme of the framers ot the Constitution, was a natural evolution of democracy. When the Constitution was adopted. It was -a great departure from the form of government which ft supplanted; but it has been out stripped, in many parts ot the Old World, even, by the general advance of democracy. The Constitution evi dently contemplated, aa the constitu ents of the electoral college, a body of representatives ot the several States entirely altruistic and devoted to, the general good. Democracy first expressed its revolt against this un instructed body by the creation, out side of the law, of the "Congressional Caucus," in 1800. Its next move, also outside of the law, was the creation of the national "nominating conven tion." In 1831. which was the expres sion of democracy's revolt against the centralised influence of the congress ional caucus. Its next move Is the de mand for the "Instruction' of dele gates to the national convention by the State conventions. This is the expression of democracy's revolt against the rule of the Bosses who control the national conventions, now grown to be unwieldy bodies ot two thousand delegates and alternates, and is a movement in the direction of home rale or 8tate Rights, as well as ot deliberateness of judgment To the one who has frequently been a delegate, the instruction ot the delegates to a national conven tion appears In the light of an abso lute necessity If free government is to be preserved. The novice is so bewil dered by the size and splendor of the assemblage, and by the ebb and flow of waves of enthusiasm, apparently natural, that he never dreams ot the hidden force which sets them in mo tion, or calms them .But the old timer acquires almost a conterrnt for . himself and his associates at ic ices a worthy movement "choketi . by the sudden starting up of the sy-l-ndid ' music of the national con ,v:,tion band, or an unworthy one rj-:wei by the "whooping-up" dev.. He therefore halls with Joy this test step forward in democracy, the instruction of the pawns on the national chess . board, aa the dawning of a day of - purer politics and the beginning of the end of the Boss. We find an interesting history of the nomination of Presidents contri buted by Mr. 8. 8. Cline to the Ashe- vllle Citizen, which we append. At tention is especially - asked to that part of Mr. Cllne's article which de scribes the little ring of manipulators. . who, In a quiet room tar from the madding crowd of the convention, pull the wires and choose the nominee that beet suits them, while the delegates sit as helpless as. the House of Rep resentatives under Cannon's rule. Says Mr. Cllne: At Chicago June 16, 980 delegates will meet in convention for the pur pose of placing tn nomination a re publican candidate for president. On July 7, 1.008 delegates will meet at Denver to nominate the democratic candidate. Either the marito be nominated i t Chicago or the man to be nominat ed at Denver will succeed Theodore Roosevelt in the white house March 4, ISO. There will be other candk dates for president in the field against them, but either the Chicagr nominee or the Denver nominee is certain to be elected. During the sit lngt of the two conventions, there fore, they will overshadow everything else in interest Not only all ot the United States, but all of the civilized world, will eagerly await the outcome of their deliberations. . ' It is expected that the Chicago convention will be in session for five days; the delegates at Denver will It three or four daya, and should ' there be a deadlock over the nomi nation for president the sessions may be indefinitely prolonged. Time was when national conventions were calm, deliberate bodies,, but there will . not be much of calm either at Chicago or at Denver, and hut little more of de liberation. The sweating, excited del . egatee will he applauded by thousands ot sweating, excited spectators, and the speeches will be audible not much beyond the press seats. - But out of this maelstrom ot hu . inanity will come the presentation ot candidates for president and vice president and the party platforms- the latter carefully considered and agreed upon in the quiet of com mittee rooms. And the verdict of these typically American assemblages will be accepted by the cohorts of the respective parties. A , Modern Institution. - The national nominating conven tion la comparatively a modern insti tution, dating from about 1830. in deed, the earlier presidents were elected without having even ' been formally presented ln any manner as candidates. The first president was elected on the first Wednesday in January. 1789. and ln only a few of the states was there even f re- tense of a popular vote. T m- ' Blitution provided that each .uate !iotild appoint presidential electors "in Bueh maimer as Its legislature may r iwt." and In most of the sl..e!, the i ..v.tutures 'elected to do the ii .ait- j . - themselves. . is no record that there was t v i iiiil lr-'-.-ntasion of Washing- !, i r i-!-i'-.:.eiit,,or Adams for vice- t It ins peeeiited as a mat r t W:-. ' should be made president, and It generally was conceded that the vlce-presldon- cy should go to Massachusetts. Kf- t ...j . iirTk ' " he would My.no more than that he .I..,. ,. . ' .... .... . vu.m it or gram mui a in v rvu- ... erallat should be chosen. It wua generally known, however, that Wash ington auel his mtlmuto friends prefer red Adams, and the country accepted this as sufficient. As there were no opposing candidates the election was merely a matter of form. At thit time the presidential electors did not vote directly tor president and vice- president as they do now. Each elec- r .j . I and the man receiving the second largest vote for persldeut became vice- and adopted in I804.-Obsrv;r.l irk. a i,i f w..v,i,n I A""" ..r...?" una AuaniB was quiio a uuauiuiuus aa Via Am, A an I n triavo won ni I r.r .-rr-;Tk.""" m.i. ,, it ... nt ,, hv ,ho.d be reflected, and no opposing candidates appeared, First Presidential Contest The first contest for the presidency came in 1796. There is no record that any legislature, mas meeting or cau cus of any sort formally nominated either Jefferson or Adams for the presidency, but the country under stood that they were to be the oppos ing candidates. If Adams was nomi nated by any one It was by Washing- !h l.LLJ .n .. a the federalists promptly accepted Ad- 5iii8 as their candidate. No one but Tefferson. of course; was thought of as "he republican candidate. It was his A cau WM isuea f0r republican I extend beyond delivering to the dele party, he had founded it and was its membere of the senate and house of Bates 8 perfectly organized machine, vara kanJ ant fisnnr W lrV 1 Jama I ... I wnAr rt Arvlorlv KliainODO Md Jefferson acknowledged as rival candidates, there followed probably the bitterest campaign in the history ""J -uu 4 txstw n1 lalfdfwuMi BMlrnntirlai1iTul eta rival I if presidential elections. In this elec tion six states assumed to choose elec tors by popular vote, but in most of mem oniy one set or electors was oi- tered. New England was solid for Adams and the republicans did not deem it worth while to put a ticket In the field. The southern states, which held popular elections, were equal lv solid for Jefferson, and no federalists offered themselves as candidates for electors. The year 1S0O witnessed the begin ning of presidential nominations by congressional caucus, thought !h car. cuses of that year, which were helO in secret, had little weight, as public opinion already had decreed that Jef fsrson and Adams should again b" rival candidates. The federalists heir" their caucus first, and while it did not assume to nominate candidates there was a canvass of the situation which resulted in agreement that sen timeut favored the nomination of Ad ams for president and Charles C Pinckney for vice-president. Th chief object of the republican eauci:- ippeara !o have been to compose the differences between the friends of Jef terson and those cf Aaron Burr, to th end that Burr might be acceptable t all republicans as the candidate to vice-president The federalist caucus Indeed, came for severe criticism a' the hands of the republicans, whe termed it a "Jacobinical conclave." First Caucus Nomination. In 1801 congressional caucuses fo the nomination of presidential can didates became an accepted institc tion. The republican members r congress were public!? invited t meet February 23 of that year, anr' lefferson was unanimously nrmlna-rr' for president and -George Clinton fr vice-president. There is no recor 'hat the federalists held a eaucuj i 1804. but the federalist members r congress united on Charles C. Pirn' ney for president and Rcfu3 Kiu for vice-president, and tne party r large accepted them as candidate It is notable that in this year bo: parties went to New York, which wa: even then rgarded as a pivotal stat for their vice-presidential candidates By 1808 there "7as considerable criticism of the nomination cf presi dential candidates by eongressiona caucus, and in a number of states th legislatures declared their prefer ences without waiting tor the mem bers of congress to act On January 23 of that year, however, a caucus cf republican members of both bouses of congress was held, and Madison was nominated for president, receiving 8: votes to 3 for Monroe, and t for George Clinton. Criticism of the cau ens system was so severe, though, tha' after making the nominations the cau eus passed a resolution declaring that the members had "acted only in their individual character as citizens, and because it was "the most practical mode of consulting and respecting the wishes of all upon a subject so truly Interesting to the people of the Unit ed States." Many supporters of Mon roe in congress had not attended the caucus, because it was a foregone con clusion that Madison would be nomi nated. For a time the Monroe fac tion refused to accept the caucus ver dict as binding, but finally gave in. The federalists that year did not hold any caucus, bnt Pinckney and King were again accepted as candidates. Declined Vice Presidency. On the 12tb of May, 1812, a cau cus ot the republican members of con gress unanimously renominated Mad- ison. and John iMm was nominal tJJ ed for vice-president so the caucus was reconvened, and Elbridge Gerry named in his stead. Only one repub lican member1 from New York at tended the caucus, because New York had "a candidate of her own ln De i canaiaaie oi ner own in t mui rai.i rw : i i u, v , republican members of the New Tork legislature held a caucus and pre- sented Clinton as a republican candl- irt nmnh loan jtanrii. Madison. The federalists, who al- won n h. ..n. ArtteA tn the support of Clinton, but no formal action wa lakerr unttTHentemher In ihot mnnth ir-nnnint,H rii,ata front eleven states met ln New York a . - -. u . ' a .v. XZ'ZZTZ S :r"".l"T,"Tc The federalist party wa. practically dead by 1816, and theelection Of Mon- in th.t .in in i89n ... im.t, .ithnnt n,iitin h was not nlaced ln nomination the first time, however, without a spirited fight Opposition to nomination by congres - ainn.1 paiien. mam mn strnne that vear that only 58 out of 141 republicans responded to the call. Another call was Issued, and to this 118 members reannnden Monroe was nominiitml over Senator Crawford of Georgia by iThe democratic party, which held tion is scheduled to meet, the national eleven votes'. " In this caucus Henry It flrgt convention under that hame committee meets In the convention Clay introduced a resolution declaring at Baltimore, in 1832, has not since city, and take up the matter of con it innedient to nominate candidates failed to meet quadrennially In con- tested delegations. It give extended for president by congressional caucus, but it failed of passage. Eight years later be was to take the field a a presidential candidate in opposition to the caucus system. - The federalists made no nomination being. The Whigs continued to be the committee - on credentials, but the In 1816, what few votes they mustered cnlef rivals of the Democrats until hearing of the contest, by the nation being cast for Rufus King in the elec- 1856. when the present Republican al committee Involve, a lot of palns- toral college. , 1 In 1829 Monroe was re-elected with- out naving tormauy neen presented a the candidate oi any party. Tne usual Renuhllean emtcrrpRHimi&I Cftueil. va. 1 " held, but only a few members attend- ed, and It was decided that it would ne Better to nave Monroe run witnout kins was accepted' as the' candidate for vice-president witnout any rormai action. In the electoral college every itnia ihitt una moo es or rt9 unn wa ..1... It iiZ.hiZ' voted for John Quincy Adams, sole- i,. ,k.t u'i.i. n,iki u Uu. ;.. s una aioue aa naving neen unani- muubly elected to the presidency. - ' " I six in the Race. i - , ,v ...Hn. .,Mo.iii. .nflM.,.. ., contest of 1824 is most interesting. The federalist party was no longer factor, but ; there were si, candidates. ait repunucans. aspiring 10 me seat u,... The. inkn rininr.. I Adams, secretary of state in Monroe's cabinet; John C. Calhoun, secretary ot tucky. who had been speaker ot the hnnco - Tu Witt Clinton, fnrmnr ..Tiii - I JAfasnS. Of -JRDDeSSflfl. Th .. , marked disfavor, and with the ex- ceptlon of Crawford, all the candidate. declared themselves opposed to it General Jatkson was first formally nominated by a mass meeting In Blount county, Tenn., early In 1823, and ho was indorsed by various mass meetings and local conventions In va rious states. AdaniB was formally pre sented as a candidate by the Maa- jj vj ,v I of most of the other New England local mass meeting, la New York and Ohio. Calhoun was presented by the eldsiature 0f South Carolina, and Crawford by the legislature of Vir- fl inrKPi.tativM to moot in caucus I February 14, 1824, to recommend . I candidates to the people ot the United States for the office of president and vice president." Of the 261 republl can senators and representatives, on ly 66 attended the caucus. Crawford - ,,, for nresldent. and Al- Bert Galatlne for vice-president In-1 ,71 .i.h.; in. stead ot being benefitted .Crawford's chances were actually harmed by reason of the caucus nomlnatton. This sounded the death knell of the con- 6rrsioui " nommaung presiueuiuu csuuiuaics. I ne oiitemess oi me cuuieni m ioit i resulted in splitting the republican oarty. Adams became a candidate to ucceed himself by resolution of legis- ii re j and mass meetings, and his fol ?w;-r3.' terming themselves national p ;bllc3ns, rallied to his support 'hre was no need to place Jackson i nomination;' nis araeni ionowing 'd r.rt have to be told whom it should '.ipjort. la some sections they called hrr.iiiHvos the republican democracy nd iu others Ihe .democracy alone. tnd the rolled np a tremendous pop lar plrrality for their hero. Eirth of the Convention, It trcrn 1S28 and 1832 there way -r- ;ht national political convention r ha semination of presidential and ict-pre-ldential candidates. Strange- s nough. it was a "third" party hich blazsd the way. The death of 'ii :am Morgan, who It was claimed, had been murdered by the Mason3 for -?vei!in; the secrets m the order, re tht into existence the anti-Ma- i c party. A national convention of ti Ma ons was called to meet in hi' del hia iu September 1830. more '-ar. two years before the candidate tr nresident which it expected to ominate would be voted for. "here were present ninety-six dele- ate:, representing New York, Massa- huretts. Connecticut, Vermont, hr.de Island, Pennsylvania, New Jer- sy, Ohio, Maryland, ana me rem- 'orv of Michigan. Instead of making nominations, however, the convention adjenrned to meet ln Baltimore in Sep'emb?r, 1831. At the Baltimore ocv-?ntion 112 delegates were in at tendance. William Wirt of Maryland, was nominated for president and Amos Ellmaker, of Pennsylvania, for vice-oresident. No platform was idopted, hut an "address to the Amer- can people was issued. The Ida Of making nominations by 1-lrgate convention found Instant fa- r 'n December. 1831, the nations' j republicans, the antl-Jackscn wing cf he r.id republican party, met In con entnn In Baltimore. There were reent 157 delegates, representing 17 plate. Henry Clay was nominated '-r president, and John Sergeant of Pennsylvania, for vice-president - Tne convention did not adopt a platform bnt like the anti-Masons, it issued an address. The national republicans were not to be without a platform, however. In May of the following year a national assembly of young men met in Wash mgton, accepted the nominations made at tha Baltimore convention, and adop ted a set of resolutions, ten In num ber, which constituted the first na lonal party platform. Baltimore seemed to have the call as a convention city, and in May, 1832 he national democratic conventior was held there. It had been so nni- rersally accepted that Jackson wouV igain be the candidate for president 'nat tne delegates did not . deem 1' Itting that the convention should as time to place him ln nomination.: resolution was passed declaring that ne convention "cordially concurred n ,he nominations that Gen- Jackson had received in various parts of the country for re-election as president" Two-Thirds Rule Adopted. Martin Van BnmT nnmtngiui I . ... - - - - 1 1VI mcviVUlUKItL. ilia DiTOnTlRmK IIA lS Richard M Johnson and Phllln , ?:,.B? "i, Jnl"? "ririr " TiL ! I ' wan m&wku ucvini- I Ing that "two-thirds of the whole oum b?r,1of. the TOte m the convention I ""all be necessary to constitute a I SfolSir7TU ttf Jrigln f two-thirds rule, which ' has Since I prevailed in democratic national con ven"ns. No platform was adopted I f.or was an address issued, bnt In. I itead a resolution was adontnf Aa- clanna that instead of an 'dre.. 1 ' ewwUMi the delegate. hl,la fddres. thelr respective con- stituencles on the issue, of the day. 8Ince that year the national nom- InaUng. convention has become firmly tahlished aa a iitof out political 1 Tgtem' In each of the first conven- I tion. there were less than 200 dele - I Bte. Each four year, baa seen a I srowtn " tne size ot tne oodles, on - l m JJenve1, I" tnere will be I more than a thousand delegates. mention and nominate candidate, for president and vlce-preeldent The de- feat l Clay, In 1832, exterminated the I national. HepuDiican party, ana two lyear. later the Whig party came Into I Pa"T aiuunea me status oi a national organization. un an tne election, since, except two, tnere have Been one or more I "third" nartle. In the with nms. l r v - idential candidates. The' exceptions were ln 1864 and 1868. Like the old parties, tney nave invanaDly ronowed nominations. Hurrah Carefully Planned. The national convention of today Is chiefly notable for Its septacular tea- . JLfS flags, and blaring bands. A rew quiet rathBPB1, , nll. nIllBM. ,i lha -- - ,r I.., ii . deliberating. Then hey -J .11 the .l.lnnj unit lha rt.ili.ira I AO "UMWVith 'a. U. ttven in suecuicumr ieiuru urn crowds, the flags, and the noisy bands - re arranged for In ad- lnJZlai 'r", ; .:-" 1 n. of careful preparation are necessary, In or r that all tMs disorderly noise nJlt "' lo: , lrJ """" mittee. "The specUCular features ma nnW thB nlfirate. . have assembled. The preliminaries consist - " mainly of dreary wor kand vexatious PJ? 'nvLZ. "le preparation for conventlonii. but It Is new a matter of exact business. There Is careful planning of every detail up to the moment the tempo rary chairman raps the convention to order; nothing is left to chance. The national committee appoints a subcom mittee, and charges it with the duty of turning the convention over to the delegates fully organized and ready for business. Beyond that point pre- l"t?lZrSZ Sll 5. and nn away wUn tne coa"111. tl,at elr business. The responsi- bility of the subcommittee does not v...j 8ix Months Getting Ready. "The work of preparing for a na tional convention ordinarily covers a period ot six months, beginning with :L " ,i.i milu rh. n.inmi enm. " "g. icur i al mltteV a whole does not bother wlth tha nrobIem bevond flxlne the date 0, the cnuon and selecting thfl cUy ln whlch ,t ghaI1 De he,d A subcommittee on convention Is ap- -iMBd. oonsisUna this vear of seven ki., th. .k,mnmu frno QTer to Jtg cnalrma( secretary, and t t ogt of e detallSi R responsible for a whole for all the arrangements. "Cooperating with the subcommit tee there Is a committee representing the convention city, consisting this year, in the case of Chicago ot twenty-five prominent men. The chief duty of the convention-city committee is to get , nal, ready for the convention and to provide music. The interior of the Chicago Coliseum is practically being reconstructed' for the conven tion in June, at a cost of between 120, 000 and $30,000. Plans for the recon structlon first had to be submtited to and approved by the convention sub committee. "The convention hall will have a seating capacity of about 11,000, and ot this number about 3.000 seats will 'ii vqiiired for what might be term d th; convention proper the dele -it s. Mtemateg, members, offlcrc .-rd em-Moves of the national commit 'ee. an l newspaper correspondents We are making arrangements at Chi oagi tr accommodate 5C0 newspaper meri. thi largest In the hlstorv of na rional conventions. This leaves seat for 8,000 guests, and the demand Is for seating room for four or five times that number. About 3,000 of these seats will be turned over to the Chica go committee to be distributed as It sees fit, and I guess the convention subcommittee would be glad if it could be relieved of all seat distribu tion. How to distribute 5,000 tickets where there is a demand for 20,000- and still keep everybody ln as good a humor as possible is no easy problem Distribution of Seats. "The allotment has not yet been made, but each delegate will be en titled to an extra ticket which will dispose of nearly a thousand. A eer- I tain number will' go to each member oi ine national committee ana oi tne executive committee, probably call ing for another thousand tickets. The remainder are put out In various ways as custom may have established or demand arise. A certain .number ot seats are placed at the disposal of the national officers ot the Grand Army of tne Republic, and another ' certain number are, allotted to the ladles. , In a number ot States, yon know, wo men vote for Presidential electors and the fair sex must not be ignored ln organizing for the convention, At one ot its early meetings-the subcommittee receives bids and award contracts for badges for the delegate and alternates, for engraving and printing- convention tickets, for the decorations, etc. This is purely I huBlness matter, and is managed a inch.' The lowest responsible bidder ?ets the contract Just as It it were 'he Government or a private buslnes concern that had to foot the bills. "The subcommittee later on select' the temporary officers of the convei tion, chairman, secretary, chaplal" -to. It also employs reading and oth er clerks, and lets a contract for stett er ""j-.? 'ets a contract for sten ?Je 2 iog ot convention. There is quite I a tau clerks and the sergeant-at- l arms win nave on nis noil prooaniy j i.ooo or 1.500 men, assistant sergeants I at -arms, doorkeepers, messengers, and 1 -m haM n, I w w-.w " wu-swa w tn convention police force, and the hosnltai staff - Ton flidn't know the wa. a hosoital? Well there will be at . - . - . . Cblcago, a physician in constant at tendance, trained nurses, and a regu larly equipped hospital ward. Facilltiea for Newspapers. 'One of the most important thing la to make adequate provisslon for the I telegraph and telephone companies, Like the demand for pres. aeaU, this heavier o1 h on"; JJ Jj g1"' ewy facility should be afforded for foil and prompt reports of the con ventlon . proceeding. I "Delegates to the convention are elected by nearly 450 .tale, district, 1 and territorial conventions. These con- I ventlons, report to the secretary of 1 the committee, who make up the roll I of the uncontested delegations. A I week or ten day. before the conven- bearings and decide in each case which of the contesting delegate, shall go upon the temporary roll of I the convention. It. action i not bind I ing, of course, upon the convention'! i taxing won, ..en this temporary roll Is mad up, temporary officer .elected, em- ployes engaged, and Instructed In I thai AuHam hn nt.Aui i. .iiM . ....... uutcCT, ..an iu icwiiunn, I ticket and Badges for the convention I are provided, and the organization ready to be turned over to the dele "BRYAN IN FULL CONTROL." Under the above caption, the Haiti- uibre Sun (anti-Bryan) publishes a dispatch from ' Us Washington staff correspondent, which, heading and all In full, Is as follows: Bryan in Full Control Has Secured a M: jorlty of Delegates to Denver The Johnson Boom la Waning Ne braikan 8eeme Likely to Get More Than Two-third. Gray Ploks up a Few Votes. How Delegate 8tand. Already Instructed for Bryan-'., i . . . ; .... ...... 487 Oiher Bryan delegates, 36 Delegates yet to be elacted, probably for Bryon , 224 Johnson delegates Gray delegates - D( legates yet to be elected, probably against Bryan 22 31 56 The other delegates are classed as doubtful After a careful canvass of the coun try the New York Herald's political expertE announced that control ot the Democratic National Convention at Denver, absolute and unshakable, passed last week to William J Bryan. Thsy d 'clare that he controls the or ganization and all matters pertaining to making rules for the Democratic party and adopting the platform will be controlled entirely by the Bryan wing of the Democracy. . This will be discouraging .news to many Eastern Democrats, as well as the enthusiasts who are supporting the candidacies Of Gov. John Johnson, of Minnesota, and Judge George Gray, of Delaware. Of the 168 delegates elected last week Mr. Bryan has 154 instructed for him and 2 claimed for him, which gives him a total for the week of 156. On the other hand, the opposition 3ucceed'd in electing 12 delegates without instructions. Of these 4 are the del' gates-at-large In Pennsylvania, who properly may be classed for Judge Gray, and 9 are unlnstructed delegates elected at an open primary in Florida, who are also classified for Gray. The one Instructed Florida del egate Is for Bryan Mr. Bryan started his machine roll ing over the Pacific Coast early In the week. He obtained the 6 delegates from Alaska and the 10 delegates from Washington on Monday. He ob tained the solid Instructed delegation of California on the following day. Bryan s victory In Alabama was a notable one, and the claims of the Johnson men that some of the dele gates elected are favorable to the Mln nesota Governor do not detract from the Nebraskan's triumph. At these primaries the names of Bryan and Johnson were printed on the ballots. Under the rules of the party the can dldate for President receiving the highest number of votes gets the In structions for the entire State. Bryan won in this contest approximately 3 to I. Bryan lost eight delegates ln Flori da. This was also at an open primary. v.it the test was different. The name f no candidate for President, was irintfd at the head of the ballot The delegates were pledged in advance to vote tor some other candidate than Bryan. The result was that eight an- lur; an delegates will go from Florb 'a to Denver,- while two will vote for r.a'j. But this movement was not Inhnson movement, but was Inspired ' menus oi Judge Gray, Eryan won everything in Michigan a3iiy. There has not been any question n to what Minnesota will do. That Ttate daring this week sent 36 dele gates to Denver Instructed for Bry- -tn. Soulh Carolina Instructed Its 18 delegates for Bryan, and the next day a Second district of North Caroli na elected and instructed its delegate ior Bryan. Hawaii and the District of Columbia, eacn wttn b instructed delegate,, com pleted ihe Bryan "bag" of the week. The only disaster Mr. Bryan suffer- ea in a state convention was ln Penn 8vivanla, where, after a ' desperate struggle, CoL X M. Guffey managed to dominate the convention and elected delegates-at-large unlnstructed and on a piatrorm, hostile to Mr. Brvan The Johnson forces met with a. de- nat or their own seeking ln Kansas, ine jonnson managers announced mat the Kansas State convention, which had elected an Instructed Brv an delegation, was not representative cf the true -sentiment In the n.rtv They claimed that the Democracy of Kansas was simply wild to have the instructions of the deleeates chaneed so that they could vote for Governor Icbnson. The Bryan forces ln the state met the issue, and a great Dem ocratic conclave was called at Sail na, Kanras. When the conference was over the Bryan Democrat had D?aten the Johnson Democrats bv tremendous majority, and Governor jonnson s canvass had suffered in con sequence. A similar movement Is no under way ln Illinois. Petitions are being MBueu, ana it i sought to make It appear that Illinois Democrat prefer Johnson to Bryan. Thl Is a new fea ture in Democratic politics, and the excuse the Johnson men give Is that tne wninwind" canvass of the Mln nesota Governor did not begin early enough for the rank and file to under stand what a winning candidate John A, Johnson would be. If they had succeeded ln Kansas they would have created a profound Impression In the country. - A It 1. the sentiment they are- creating is that Governor John son in Kansas, as well as almost ev erywhere else. Is "too late." The Johnson managers In Wash Ine- ton last week announced that both Virginia and Georgia were lost to Bryan. In Virginia a stiff fight Is neing conducted. The State conven tion meets, at Roanoke June 11. Oeorgla appears .to be safe far Bry an. MrTBryaXalreadfhas firaeTegates instructed lor him. He has 36 dele gates unlnstructed, but relied upon to vote ior nim on the first ballot. Even New York may vote for Mr. Bry an, as he Is already I. assured cast- iron control of the convention, giving Dim tne lay as to whether the Mur-, phy or the McCarren delegatei from Brooklyn .hall be seated. It he can add New York's 75 delegates to the 36 unlnstructed, but classed for Bry an, he would have 601 votes. But with out New York he now has 623, 18 more than a majority at the conven tion - Judge Gray, ln the table of strength, now passes Governor John son. In the classification he Is given the 17 nnlnstructed delegate from Pennsylvania and the 8 unlnstructed delegate from Florida, making the total 31. Governor Johnson has only tne ti instructed delegates from Mln nesota. There are 36 delegate al ready elected, not classified for any candidate, hut probably against Bry an, and the deleeates of the Rtatea yet to elect, are apportloA,d as foU lows; tor Bryan, 224; . probably agnlnBt Bryan, 66 ; doubtful, 38. The States which will elect dele gates this week are: Texas, May 26, New Hampshire,, May 27; West Vir ginia, May 28; New Mexico and Ari zona, May 28. Porto Rico will elect next Sunday, OFFICE HOLDERS 8H0ULD NOT TAKE PART IN PARTY CON TESTSTHE QUESTION OF CANDIDATES, AS WELL AS OF PARTY PLATFORMS AND POLI CIES, SHOULD BE LEFT TO THE UNOFFICIAL PEOPLE. The above heading is Inspired by the appended quotation from the Greensboro Record. One of our pres ent excellent Superior Court judges was commenting,' some years ago, up on the proposition to lend our chief officeholder a delegates to the na tional convention. He said that he ihould never forget what Vance said when he nominated htm for1 delegate- at-large to the national convention. Quoth the great Commoner: "My oung friend, as you grow lit years and the knowledge of the philosophy of politics, you will realize how very unseemly it is for an office-holder to be a delegate to a convention of con terminous scope with his own office. It Is analagous to the case of a judge sitting In the trial of a cause ln which he is personally. Interested." Our friend, then a young politician, said that the mere statement ot the case by Vance carried Its own argu ment, and that he had ever since guided his course in such matter by the advice and the unselfish ac tion ot that great senator. Says the Record: Mr. 8lmmons' Letter. It 1b evident from the movements ot people ln the Craig corner that somebody is getting scared. The let ter of Senator Simmons appeared in all the Craig papers this week and In a good many more. In this letter the astute Senator does his level best for Mr. Craig. And withal his plea Is in genius. He says certain people and papers are down on him for his part In prohibition; that they are doing ev erything possible to hit him a welt, yet If we recall the contents correctly Mr. Simmons, does not mention prohi bition by name once. But the milk Is ln the fact that as the leader of the Cralg forces Mr. Simmons sees some thing he does not like; In other words he Is ecared, hence his letter. So far a Mr. Simmons is personal ly concerned it is our opinion that he Is wrong. Very few people care any thing about his stand on the prohibi tion matter; if anything, he has gain ed by it; his action, too, was to be ex pected, for he is practically the fac tor of the' Watts bill, one ot the best temperance measures ever passed. the people are against him, as he seems to fear, it is not Because of pro hibition or the espousal of Mr. Craig, but because of the fact that he was looked upon as a man too big and broad to get down and become a parti san in a fight ln his own party. The result ln Wayne county, the home of Gov. Aycock, no doubt had something to do with It publication. No mar in North Carolina is more beloved than Gov. Aycock, yet this partisan ship ln the gubernatorial fight did him harm, for the people looked upon him as being too broad a man for such business and the result of the Wayne primaries was a rebuke pure and sim ple. Mr. Simmons' letter is one of great encouragement to Mr. Kitchln and his supporters. CHAMP CLARK ON THE NEWS PAPER OF THE FUTURE. We have often called attention to the burden which the modern "metro politan" newspaper inflicts upon hu manity, in contrast with the useful product of the properly edited news paper of the ante-bellum period in Am erica and of England to-day. The conductor of the modern American newspaper hurls at his unresisting readers a mass of undigested matter, while the ante-bellum publisher Issued a small but carefully edited sheet, gi ing his readers the benefit of hi su perior knowledge ot what was good for them to read. The reason why big newspapers Sourish ln America is because our half educated public men have Instill ed, into the people the notion that mere bigness Is excellence, and thr people, disposed to make the most of their mere and newly-acquired abil ity to read, haven't training enough to realize the Ignorance ot their lead ers. The many readers of this paper who have, from time to time, looked over the files of the old Observer. where an Immense amount of his tory was weekly or semi-weekly con densed into four page, will under stand what we mean. We are reminded of thl ubject, so trite with us, by the following con tribution to the New York World by Congressman Champ Clark( of Mis souri, himself an old newspaper man "When the historian of our times comes i to ; philosophize a to the world'a amazing progress In the last nundred ' years particularly s ln the last sixty one of the most notewor thy topics for hi discussion will be the multiplication of newspaper a to both number and circulation. Hli explanation will be made up largely of a statement of the Influence of steam and electricity in newspaper dom. His most difficult duty will be to .explain satisfactorily the almost complete disappearance of the old fashioned paper in which the editor WM bigger-thaa his naner and th. evolution of the huge, Impersonal pa pers of the present day. - - ine cnier work of the paper of - miiiiBuiaie imure win be to make themselves absolutely Independent and as impartial a possible in the discussion of public men and public measures. Even a casual observer can see that the day of the thlck-and-thin party organ ha about ended. In the good time coming there will he found ome way of stripping thl mask from oaners which am .aaii the personal organ of certain bane- iui interests out which, pose as real newspaper and In that way constant ly gull their reader. "Thomas Jefferson once declared that as between a country without a government and with a free press and a country with a government and without a free press hevwould choose the former a declaWloh to which I agree ;but he meant an hnnn.t and hot a subsidized press, The peo- in. uoiuBuu more ana more clean bones L. fairr-aouKeou- ionrriaiim - "The paper of the future will "be not hnir mn lane as tne papers ui m- ,A day. News, editorial and advertise ments Will all D6 conuoiineu uuv w.. ly to save time and money but as t matter of humanity. Once totlve In CongreB ipoke ad libitum. Now an hour. If the longest Bpeech possible except by unanimous oon- Bt,"Tho paper of the future will ex ploit good deeds more and reduce the 1 , i. . 1 Mlnlm,,m " report ot icanuai iu iim uuuuuuut. HON. WILLIAM W. KITCHIN. Member of th United State Con gress Who Is Candidate For the Democratic Nomination For Govern .t. vara With a Clean Reoord In Congress Wrested th Fifth Dis trict From th Republican a Deo ade Ago Steady Growth of Demo cratic Principle Under HI Leader-.hi- Fr the Plain People and Against Trusta-HI Matchless Rec- ,ord. win.mn Journal Industrial Edition. Hon William W. Kitchln, who Is .nriiita for the Democratic nomina tion fnr Onvemor of North Carolina, Is too well known to need any introuuo tion to the people of Northwestern North Carolina. He has been before the mihlle all hi life, and ha repre sented the Fifth North Carolina Dis trict ln the National Congress for the past 12 years. He comes from a fam ily which has enjoyed great poimcai rii.tineiinn. his father. Hon. William Kitchln. bavin been a member of Oomrress from the district before him and he has a brother, Hon. viauue Kitchln. who now represents the Sec ond DUtrlct In the National House oi Renresentatlves. Indeed It seems that he was born into a family of leg islators. The neoole of the Old North State know him and love him for bis creatness aod for the good he has ac complished for his State ln the way of National legislation. Mr. Kitchln is a citizen or Koxooro, Person county, and has the distinction of representing the largest and most Important Congressional District In the State of North Carolina, as a man and citizen he has led a blame less, sober, Christian life, to which he has added the virtue of power to ana lyze and solve public questions aright and ln the Interest of the people, and who, knowing the right, has the geni us and the courage to maintain It fearlessly and victoriously in the face of any and all opposition, whether from within or without the party cir cles, With these established principles tn view. Mr. Kitchln is appealing for the support ot thousands of honest tolling Democrats or the Old North State, some with pick and shovel, some with plow handles, some with rule and book "and pen, some with the gospel ln their hands and with the praise of God on their lips, to rally around his standard in the approach ing contest and honor him with the nomination for the highest office with in the gift ot the people of his State, that of Governor of North Carolina. In 1896, when ' the Republicans swept every district in North Carolina but one and the plea of the greatest orators and organizer failed to sum ciently Impress the voters as to se cure the election of the Democratic ticket, Hon. W. W. Kitchln won uni versal applause by redeeming the Fifth Congressional .District, which had for several years been In the Re publican column, and represented by one of the most brilliant, strong and resourceful Republican politicians, and one who was not thought to have a superior on the stump, the Hon. Thomas Settle. In that memorable vear every other District ln North Carolina sent a Republican to Con gress, and the State elected a. Repub lican' State ticket and Legislature, yet the Fifth elected a lone Democrat and that was Mr. Kitchln, who be cause of his modesty and purity of his life, his ability as an orator and debator, had worsted his opponent at every turn, until he admitted personal and political defeat before the elec tion. - . If loyalty to party principle and past work for Democratic supremacy count anything then Mr. Kitchln is en titled to the just consideration of all Democrats. His eloquence, coolness and sagacity In joint debate, coura geous and clean campaigning against the greatest orator and debater of the Republican party, coupled with the fact that Democratic principles, policies and legislation, have found through all the vicissitudes of the party a champion able to bear oft with ease the palm of victory from anybody the Republicans chose . to send against him, absolutely chal lenges the admiration of all loyal Democrats. ' Mr. Kitchln has, since his election to Congress 12 years agq, so fortified his District against Republican Inva sion, that the Legislature ot 1907, In order to Bave and maintain Democrat ic supremacy ln the Eighth District by removing It from the Republican column, and thus obtain a solid Dem ocratic delegation ln Congress from North Carolina, took Surry county, with Its great Republican majority, out -of the Eighth and put It ln the Fifth District, feeling that the work which Mr. Kitchln had done in his district In building it up from a Repub lican majority ten years ago, would not be weakened to any material ex tent by imposing thl extraordinary burden. Thl met' with the approval ot Mr. Kitchln, for he realized hi suc cess and power as a party builder, STEADY GROWTH IS OUR BEST ADVERTISER. ' " ' '- . STATEMENT CONDITION . Fourth National Bank - -K - - r - - - i - ' - -- - f- - Fayettevllle, N. C, at close ot business May 14th, 1908: " ' RESOURCES. Loan and Bond .,,,,;.$ 71S.261.6S Overdraft 4,666.64 26,772.00 Building, Vault and Fix' Demand Loan I 79,300.00 Due t from . Bank . .... 1J4.45.62 Cash .. .. ... 46,583.69 260,838.21 ...$1,003,928.60 .Total We Invite your attention to our ness. H. W. Lilly Prldnt. ' John 0. Ellington, ,,V. P. and Caahter. . , ... . -. , ....,.(.. .,. .: , ... ' ', John H. Hlghtower, .Assistant Cashier. ' Bond account reduced $30,000.00 since last call for itatement. SCHOOL School Book.. sit.. Cr.yon., Tablet.. Copy Book., fco., Vo. . Pries iliat .of book furnished UMn application ' KTA .nb8tantial BOOK COVER giSSA book purcha.ed. nrihm. .t- 'T . - - . '.ZZJP?Y tiiorc Corn puny, : . , . Opposite Pot Office, Fayettevllle, N. C. . and 1 ln no way apprehensive of the future of hi DUtrlct a amended, The Fifth 1 beyond queitlon the greatest district tn the State. This Ii not only true ai to size, but because there are to be found in the District the prosperous cltlei of Winiton Sa lem, Durham, High Point and Greens boro. It Ii also the greatest District i.. thn flinln In sericulture, bank nv and manufactures. His record In Congress and In hit campaign show that he hai at all -tlmei voted and spoken la strictest consistency with the time honored principles of Democracy a embodied In State and national-platform. He ha expounded Democracy a-lt 1 writ ten by Jefferson and declared In Dem ocratic platforms without equivoca tion or evasion. v HI record upon the great question of trusts is all that any thinking Democrat might desire. The vlndlc- tlvenes of the trust interest and their undisguised opposition to him are sufficient to indicate where Mr. Kitchln stand. For ten yean hi rec ord In Congress ha been all that the people could desire o expect; and dur ing that time he ha never failed to stand for right ana justice against the pleas, persuasions or method of Intimidations ot the Southern Railway Company and the .American Tobacco Company. Tney nave never Deen aoie to cajole or frighten him, hence to them he ha become a naieo. ana dang erous enemy, BOSSI8M RECEIVES HIGHE8T PRAI8E FROM PRE88, PULPIT AND PEOPLE. A press telegram thus report form er ,Secretary ot the Treasury Leslie M. Shaw: Former Secretary of the Treasury Leslie M. Shaw delivered an address today before the convention of the Na tional Electric Light Association, to which he said: 'The trend ot the time la toward political bosstsm. He who through I... n nA,AM .a.,hai nut Ilia honl IU V C ui WWW u.. UIO UUI1U to crush a business opponent 1 un iversally considered worthy of the penitentiary, while they who through love ot power reach out their hands to crush political opponents are recip ients ot the highest praise from the press, the pulpit and the people. "A few months ago the largest capi talized corporation on the globe sent Its representative to the Chief Execu tive of the United States, asking per mission to take over its principal com petitor. It is currently reported that permission was granted and, so far as I know, the American people approve. I have no hesitancy in saying that this Is the only flrst-claBs country in the world where permission could have been obtained from the executive de partment of the Government. Any where else such a request would have been answered, 'Go consult your law yer.' , "I am simply citing Instances to il lustrate the operation of the law ot evolution which carries us onward, un doubtedly ln the main toward better things. "Every condition, however is fraught with danger. The pessimist Is never without foundation for his fears, nor the' optimist for hi hopes. I am an optimist, but I want to em phasize the fact that a designing, un scrupulous and ambitious executive, clothed with authority to fix rates, to determine the life tenure of corpo rations and hiifllneki ftnmhlnatlnns. and to grant or withhold franchises, would be ln a position to perpetuate himself and his friends ln office as long as he was willing to accept polit ical support- as the price of immunity. I want to suggest that it Is wise to protest against the day when the un mitigated demagogue shall be exalt ed." Mr. Shaw, says the telegram, was evidently speaking of the case of -the United States Steel Corporation and the Tennessee Coal and Iron Compa ny. WAR DECLARED. Who Will Enlist in This Popular Movement. War has been declared by our lead ing druggists. They are going to fight stomach trouble with Mi-o-na Tablet. They feel so sure of success that they guar- antee. 40 tne Prlc ot any 60- cent box that does not give satisfac tion ana do an that Is claimed tor it . Ml-o-na is an absolute itrengthener and cure for the stomach and diges tive organ. , If you suffer with headache, dizzi ness, palpitation, bad taste In the mouth, nervousness, coated tongue, distress after eating, try Mi-o-na. It will not be long before all these symptoms have disappeared and you are strong and well. Sedberry's Pharmacy sells Ml-o-na under an absolute guarantee to refund the money anless it cures. - Here Is Relief for Women. If you hare pain in the back, Uri nary, Bladder or Kidney trouble, and want a certain, pleasant herb cure for woman's ills, try Mother Gray Australian-Leaf.. It is a sate and never-falling regulator. At druggists or by mall 60 et. Sample package FREE. Ad dress, Tha MJther Gray Co., LeRoy, N. Y. --' . - . . ; ' LIABILITIES. Capital ,t j ; 100,000,00 Siirplotand Profit ,...., 60,001.77 Circulation 100,000.00 Rediscount .. 33,825.89 Deposit . . ; 635,600.84 Bond Account 76,000.00 Total $1,003,928.50 steady growth wd 'iollcit yourbusi BOOKS !
Fayetteville Observer [Weekly, 1880-1919] (Fayetteville, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
May 28, 1908, edition 1
2
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