North Carolina Newspapers

- ; . ' - " Published by J. H& G. G. Myrover, Corner ndferson and Old Streets, FayettevilleN. C. , ; VOL 1 THURSDAY, 11,1873. NO 19 DECEMBER i - - v . - - -- J- . 40 r.o North Carolina Gazette. J.H. & G. G. MYROVER, TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION: One yi-ar (in advance) Six iiK Utlirt, TLrco " " .... S3 00 1 50 . 75 CLUB RATES: 10 copies (sent to one address) with an extra copy $ 25 00 SiO " " i " " " " 4r 00 75 00 and a Trominm of a fine chromo, value $25 100 00 100 copies (si-nt to one address) with an extra copy - and a premium of a line chromo, value 840 150 00 RATES OF ADVERTISING: One (Minare (9 lmea solid nonpareil) one insertion t 1 00 .. .. ... . .. two ' 1 50 " " one mouth 2 ,50 " " " " " three " 5 00 i. ... Bix 9 00 " " I " " " tnrolt-A " i. no Longer advertisements charged in proportion to the ahovn rates oin-iiii .uiu'in a3 itrr viii. iiitni iiiau er eent regular advertisements. Keadiug Notices 20 cents per line for each and? every insertion News Budget. SUMMARY OF NEWS For. the Week ending Dec. 9. ' FoREIGX. , Tlu? London-' Times publishes an official list of British subjects taken prisoners on the wte:unt'r Virginias' and executed. Commenting on tlie-matter the Times says the British Government, while demanding a surrender of the survivors, must eui cfidly avoid 'committing itself to the proposi tion that the seidire of the Yirinius was illegal. A Spanish special says the bombardment of Car tagena .was a failure and that a regular siege is now intended. Ln Cronista of Havana says the time has come for 'true Spaniards to prepare to fight; they will conquer or die; true Spaniards will refuse oWdience to the hoirie government for the i restoration of embargoed property to Americans, and advises readiness by land and sea !for a fight; all between 14 and 40 yeara of age must be enroll- i e l, and all traitors and I lUterantas- expelled; the article concludes with a challenge to the American people to tight. TheOssiK?e and monitor Mahopae liave arrived, 'eeveu days from Fortress Monroe, mid eiirhty-three more naval recruits arrived from New Orleans to-night. ' Domkstk;. i Con'C.uessioxal. "Washington, Dec. 3. Se:iate Ktliminds is speaking on his. bill for Hanking Houses. The ."West Virginia election contest occupied tvo hours; it was allowed for debate. House Sterus gave notice of a bill re pealing so uich of the postal act as possible, mak ing the passage of weekly papers free. Butler moved that;so much off the resolution seating the Louisiana members, as referred to Piiichback, be carruti. General Howard has1 resigWdjthe Pivsi dency of the Howard University; Professor Langs ton, colored, lias been tendered the plufce. House Smith, fcom Shrereport, wasi seated; a peculiar ity of the case is that he bears credentials- from (iv. Kvl'ogg, and the others bear Piuchback's. The cases of members from West Virginia, except Hereford, who was elected at both i elections, were referred to the Committee on Ulectijinis; there was 'a short Kxecutive session, but no1 confirmations. The President sent a large number of nominations to the Senate, made during the recess. Dispatches iild'n ate that BiHith will be elected Senator from California. American ships are to carry evidences. I i'c 4. Senate Boreinan, of West Virginia, indiixiineJ a bill to complete a water line from the Ohio to the Jaraes.river. Stevenson introduced a bill removing political disabilities. The Secre tary of War wait ordered to communicate the facts retarding the sale.of the Harper's Ferry property. Hou.-e Among the bills introduced was one re pealing the bankruptcy law, to repeal the iron-clad uath, to make payment of half the revenue tariffin legal 'tenders, for removal of all the 14th amend ment disabilities, for recognition in favor of Cuban . belligerency, and a vast number of- other bills. Merjriiuou, of N. C, is on the' PostoHice Committee. Dec. 5. Senate, no session. House A number of bills were introduced, among which may. be "mentioned one abolishing the tax on tobacco, snuff and cigars; providing letter carriers for cities of .10,000 inhabitants; to complete the, James Kiver and Kanawha canal. The bill which passed the Senate redeeming the loan of 1S5S, after quite a sharp discussion whether it should be paid in gold or leipil tenders, the Democrats arguing for legal tenders, was referred to the Ways and Means; it v. as put on its passage by Mr. Dawes, who argued they should le paid in the currency of the world, liaiuey, ot South Carolina (col.) offered a resolu tion abolishing the Committee on Freedmeu'e Af fairs: referred to Committee on Rules. The nom ination of Judge Williams as Chief Justice was referred to the Judiciary Committee; this is. "con trary to the Usual custom of the Senate with re gard to Senators and ex-Senators wliose nomina tions escape committees of investigation. The Senate elected Sunderland Chaplain. P.EVTEW OF THE MARKETS For the Week ending Dec. 9, 1873. Liverpool. Dec. 3. Cotton dull and easier Uplands 81d; Orleans 8Jd. Sales of 12.000 bales: for sjR-culation and export1 2,000. Uplands, not I,Jit ,r,uu firdin&rv. shinned December and Jan u- at v, 8d. The sales to-day include 6,200 bales of American. )ec. 4. Cotton pales Uplands, not below good oid'marv. shinned Ivoveniber O 7-lbd. Uplands, not below low middlings, shipped November and .December, d 5-lbd. Breadstutts quiet. Bacon 40s CmI. for new short rib. middliiiirs. Beef 89s. for new mess. , v- Dec. 5. Uplands, on a basis of good ordinary, delivered in February and March 8f d. Yarns and fabrics at Manchester dull but not lower.- Xf.w York, Dec. 3. Gold dull at 108fS'109. Government bonds stroii?, and very little doing, Cotton firmer at 151 1& cents some sales hiirher. Southern flour, less active and lower- common to fair extra S7Sf: eood to choice do St oO-ff'.ll. Wheat dull, heavy and 12 cent lower winter red western $1 SS'Sl 60. Corn heavv and 12 cents lower western mixed, in store, 704 '272 cents. Pork in moderate request and steailv new mess f 15. Spirits turpentine ......J i It . -n.: ..l-0lSi-)fc. r-ieauy ai CIS. lOSlu eieuuj ni v w. Dec4. Gold weak at 1088108f. Govern " inent bonds weak, and little doing. Cotton quiet ; at 16fI(4 cents. .Flour dull and lower common i to fair extra 90S7 85: erood to choice do. 7 90 3U. Wheat heavv and 12 cents lower winter red western SI 54 31 59. Corn 1 cent better . crime western Tni-red in etore. 701 '5 72 cfs. Pork opened lower, but closed firm new mess $14 75 la. Snirits turnentiiie firm at 41 cents. Rosin .''iuietat$$60a?8 65. Dec. 5. Gold flctive st lfm-SlOyi. Govern- toent bonds strong and higher. Cotton quiet at 16 S Kf cents. Flour dull and drooping common to fair extra 6 D(i7 75. Corn 12 cents better and m good demand, with moderate supply. Conee J cent higher and excited good and prime Rio lil.lll ' - 11 1 . aAE 34 a. cenis. irorK quiet and nrm spot, $. rsaval stores quiet. WH.MIXGTOX, Dec. 3. Spirits turpentine 374; cents; market nrm. Kosin at S2 25 for strainea No. 2 at $2 25, Low No. 1 at 2 35 and Pale at $4 25; market firm. Crude turpentine $2 90 for Yellow Dip and $2 for Hard; market steady. Tar $2 40 per bbl, an advance of 10 cents on last report market nrm. Cotton at 14j cents per 15. Dec. 4! Spirit turpentine 37$ cents; market nrm. Kositf at Jas Sz tor strained; market steady. Crude turpentine $2 90 for Yellow Dip and $2 for .. iiaru; market steady, lar if& 4U per bbl; market j teady. ; Cotton at 14 cent; market quiet. Home Circle. The Marauding Habit of Ants. Huber was walking in the environs of Gen eva, between four and five o'clock in the evening, when he saw a regiment of great red ants crossing the road. They marched in good order, with a front of three or four inches, and in a column eight or ten feet long. He followed them, crossed a hedge with them, and found himself in a meadow. The high grass plainly hindered the march of the army, yet it did not disband; it had its object, and reached it. This was the nest of another species of ants, blackish gray ones, whose hill rose in the grass, twenty steps from the hedge. A tew blackish-grav ones were scattered about the hill; as soon as these perceived the enemy they darted upon them, while others hurried into the galleries to give the alarm. The besieged ants came out in a bo.lv. The assailants dashed upon them, and, after a very short but very spirited struggle, drove the black-gray ones back. to the bottom of their holes. One army corps pressed after them into the galleries, "While other groups labored to make them selves an opening with their teeth into the ateral parts of the hill. 1 hey succeed, and the remainder of the troop inakes its way into the besieged city by the breach. Peter Huber had seen battles and exter minations of ants before this; and he sup posed they were slaughtering each other in the depths of the caverns. "What was us amazement, after three or tour minutes, when he saw the assailants issue hurriedly ortu each holding between its mambles a arva or m-mpha of the conquered tribe ! The aggressors took exactly the same road again, by which they had come, passed through the hedge, crossed the road at the same place, and made their way, still load ed with their prey, toward a field of ripe eva, respecting another's property, refrain ed, with regret, from following them. Tue Akena of ; America. Cast a mo mentary glance over the surface of this broad continent. 1 ou will see at once that it is the most magnificent theatre uuon which human power has ever had an op portunity to exert itself. Remember that upon 11 iony millions oi ueings are already daced, ami that the future will doubtless contribute its annual millions in an ever increasing ratio. You will also note that, flocking in from abroad, come the Celt, the Teuton, the African, the Aztec, and the native of far Cathay; all rushing in to form arts of one huge conglomerate mass or restless bnmaiiity, iijk)ii who-se fiat depends the realization of the highest hones ever yet formed of approaching the image of a Utopian commonwealth, burelv never in any preceding record of human history has there been a fairer onening for the full development of the noblest aspirations for iod, which the Divine lieing has been pleased to implant in the , bosoms of his creatures. Here .is ample space and verge enough for the most far-seeing statesman, the most persuasive orator, the most pro found philosopher, the most exalted phil anthropist. Here is a field the like of which Aristotle or Plato never tiod. Here are problems on which Cicero never could have speculated, or Bacon exercised his wonder- ful sagacity. Answer me, if you can, 1 pray 3'ou, shall it indeed be that this mar velous scene will be occupied by actors worthy of their place, who will strain their utmost powers to rise to every great emer gency, ana uo lor tueir iellow-iuen all mat mortKl power has Iteen able to eliect, siucc the forfeiture ot 1 aradise! An Arab-Tradition. This tradition "is many centuried old. It states that there was in Paradise a temple built up of pre cious stones. Man dare not utter its splen- lors. Deep in the midst of Eden it stood, anel-built a dazzling sanctuary. Our parents sang their vesper songs in the twi bo-ht shadows ot its courts; lor there were pillared halls and cloisters of emerald and pearl, where fountains sprang aloft in the silent moon; and long, luminous vistas where, hand in hand, these two lovers walk ri in sinioss oeauiv. xnc-u iucic nc . t i j. i -1 . 1 1 . .... -. ninnacles and domes of sapphire, blazing m the sunlight by day, and glittering in the starlio-ht bv night, r rom court and terrace waters weUed out, anil the lns-createa cas cades fell down to cool shady dells of as nhodel below, for the temple was placed far within the privacies of that valley of Eden whence the four rivers flowed east ward. However, sad to relate, upon the day that Adam fell this glorious temple was scattered into a million of fragments, and thrown broadcast over the earth. These fragments we now light upon, and gather up with cost and care, and call them rubies, emeralds, sapphires, and diamonds, but they are, after all, only the primeval palace. Tho sunset splendors and the diadems of princes, the milky way in the heavens, and the spray that sparkles in the entanglement ot a maidens s nair, are aiiKe, dui ine cosuy dust of that sanctury the sadremembran ces of a departed Eden." Mrs. Browning's Genius. A writer in Scribnerte says that the English "love to call Mrs. Browning bhakspeare's daugh ter, and, in truth, she bears to their great est poet the relation of Miranda and Pros pero. Her delicate genius was purely fem inine and subjective, attributes that are made to go together. Most introspective poetry, in spite of Sidney's injunction, wearies us, because it often is the petty or morbid sentiment of natures little superior to our own. Men have more conceit, with Ipss tact, than women.. As a rule, when male poets write objectively they are on the safer side. But when an impassioned woman, yearning to let the world share her poetic rapture or grief, reveals the se crets of her burning heart, generations ad ore her, literature is enriched, and grosser beings have glimpses oi a purity wiin which we invest our conceptions of disen thralled spirits in some ideal sphere. About Matrimony "Whom, do Great Men Marry.- Distinguished individuals show the diversity of tastes that is seen in the lower ranks, and on the whole make worse mistakes. They, however show the same in choos ing wives that they show m mangamg other people's affairs, whether they be good or bad. Roberts married a farm crirl with whom he fell in love while they worked together in the plough field. He was irregular in life, and committed the most mistakes in conducting his domestic affairs. Milton married the daughter of a country squire, :mt lived with her but a short time. He was an austere, exacting, literary recluse, while she was a rosy, romping, country lass, that would not bear the restraint imposod uponhcr, so they separated.' Subsequent- y, however, she returned, and they lived tolerably happy. Queen Victoria and Pnnce Albert were cousins, and about tho only example in the long line of English monarchs wherein the marital vows were sacredly observed, ard sincere affection existed. Shakspeare loved and wedded a farm er s ctaufftiter. fohe was faithlul to her vows, but could hardly sa- the same ' of the great bard himself. Like most of the great poets, he showed too little discrirai- nation in bestowing his i affection on the other sex. Byron married Miss Milbank to rrct to-1- money to pay his debts. It turned out bad shift. Benjamin Franklin married the girl who stood in her father's door, laughing at him as he wandered through the streets of Philadelphia, with rolls under his arms, and his pockets filled with dirty clothes. bhe had occasion to be happy when she found herself the wife of one who proved to be a great and rood man. "Washington married a widow with two children. It is enough to say she was Drthy of him, and lived as married folks should in perfect harmony. John Adams married the daughter of a Presbyterian clergyman. Her father object ed on account of John's being a lawyer ; he had a bad opinion of the morals of the pro fession. John Howard the great philanthropist, married his nurse. She was altogether be neath -him in social life and -intellectual capacity; and, besides this, she was fifty two years old, while he was but twenty five. He would not take Xo" for an' an swer, and they lived happily together un til her death, which occurred years after wards. - Peter the Great, of Russia, married a peasant girl. She made an excellent wife and a sagacious empress.' Humboldt married a girl because he loved her. And of course thev were happy. It is not generally known that Andrew- Jackson married a woman whose husband was still livinr. She was an uneducated but amiable, woman, and she was most devotedly attached to the old warrior and statesman. The March of Providence. If we turn our eyes to history, we shall find that all the great developments ot the human mind have turned to the advantage of so ciety all the great struggles of humanity to the good of mankind. It is not, indeed, immediately' that these effects take place; ages often elapse, a thousand obstacles In tervene, before they are fullv developed: but when we survejT a long course of ages we see that all has been accomplished. 1 he march of Providence is not suujcct to na row limits; it cares not to develop to-day the consequences oi a principle wnicu it na? established yesterday; it will bring them forth in ages, when the appointed hour has arrived; and it is not tho less sure that it l slow. The throne of tue Almighty rests on time it marches through its boundless expanse as the gods of Homer through space it makes a step and ages have pass ed away." How many centuries elapsed, Lovr many clianges ensued, before tL& re generation of Christianity exercised on the social state its great and salutary influence! .Nevertheless, it has at length succeeded No one can mistake its effects at this time. Guizot. Husband and wife. uid you ever hear the word husband explained! It means literally the head of the house, the support of it, the person who keeps it to gether, as a band keeps together the sheafs of corn, lhere are many married men who are not husbands; liecause they are not the band of the house. Truly, in ma ny cases the wife is the husband; for oft- en times it is she, who, by her prudence and thrift, and economy, keeps the house together. The married man,, who, by his dissolute habits, strips his house of all comforts, is not a husband; in legal sense he is, but in no other; for he is not a house- band; instead of keeping things together, he scatters them among the. pawn-brokers, And now let us see whether the word "wife" has not a lesson too. It literally means a "weaver." " The wife is the person who weaves. Before our great cotton and cloth factories arose, one of the principal employments in every house was the fab rication of clothing; every family made its own. The wool was spun into thread by the girls, who were, therefore, called spin sters; the thread was woven into cloth by their niothT .lsho accordingly was called the weaver tarife; and another remnant of thiaToid jtruth was discovered in the wordi flgloomjw applied to any old piece of furniture which has come down to ns from our ancestors and which, though it may be a chair or bed, shows that a loom wras once a most important article in every house.. Thutflfce word "wife means weav- er: and. as French well remarks. 'in the word itself is wrapped up a hint of earnest, in-door, 6tay-at-home occupations as being fitted for herwho bears this name," T H E M ES S A G E Jo- Recommendations to Congress by the National Executive. ' TIEE VHIGESIUS OUTRAGE. Restoration, Reparatica, Indemnity and the PTmishment of tfca 3tcners" Demandid. o ; A H INT ON SPANISH MMl The Navv to Restored While the Money Lasts. Review of the Financial, Commercial, Iffa- rine, Po3tal, Agricultural Judicial and Legislative Affairs of tho Nation. To tite Senate and House oe Rep resentatives : The vear that has passed since he sub mission of 1113-' last Message to .Congress has,r especially during the latter part f it, been an cventlul one to the couutrv. In the midst of great national prosperity a fi nancial crisis has occurred that has brought low fortunes ot gigantic proportions; poiit- j ical partizanship has almost ceased to exist, especially in1 "the agricultural regions, and finally the canture u:on the high seas of a vessel bearing our flag has for a time threatened the most serious cousequences and has agitated the public mind from one end 01 the conntrv to the other; but this, happily, now is in the, course of satisfactory adjustment, honorable to both nations con cerned. The relations of the United States, how- 1 . 1 1 ever, with most 01 the other powers, contin ues to be friendlv and cordial. "With France, G ennany, Russia, I taly and tlio minor European Powers, with Brazil and most of the South American republics, and with Japan, nothing , has occurred during the year to demand special, notice. The correspondence between the department of State and various diplomatic representa tives m or from those countries is-transmitted herewith. In executing the will of Congress as ex pressed in its joint resolution of the 14th of i ebruarv last, and in accordance with the. provisions of the resolution, a number of "practical artisans," of "scientific 'men," and of "Honorary Commissioners" wcre authorized to attend the Exposition at Vi enna as Commissioners on the part of the "United States. It id lelic-ved we have at tained the object which Congress had in view when it passed the joint resolution, in order to enable the people of the United States to participate in the advantages of the International Exhibition of the pro ducts of agriculture, manufactures and the fine arts to be "held at Vienna. I take pleasure in adding that the American ex hibitors have received a gratifying num ber af diplomas and medals. During the Exposition a conference was held at Vien na for the purpose of consultation oil the. systems prevailing in different -countries for the perfection of inventions. I author ized a representative from the Patent Of fice to.be present at Vienna at the time- when this conference was to take place, in order to aid, as far as he might, in securing anv possible additional protection to Am erican inventors in Europe. The report of this agent will be laid before Congress. CUR CniXESE RELATIONS. " It is my pleasant duty to announce to Congress that the Emperor of China,' on attaining his majority, received the" diplo matic representatives of the Western pow ers in person. An account of these cere monies and of the interesting discussions which preceded them will be found in the documents transmitted herewith. The ac companying papers show that some ad yance, although slight, has been made du ring the past year towards the suppression of the infamous Chinese coolie trade. I recommend Congress to inquire whether additional legislation be not needed on this subject. THE ALABAMA CLAIMS FUNDS. The raonev awarded the United States by the Tribunal of Arbitration at Geneva was paid by Her Majesty's government a- few days in advance of the time when it would have lecome pavable according to the terms of the treaty. In compliance with the pro visions of the act of March 3, 1S73, it was at once paid into the Treasury and used to redeem, so far as it might, the public debt of the United States, and the amount so re deemed was invested in a five per cent, re gistered bond of the united States for 15, 500,000, which is now held by the Secre tary of State, subject to the future disposi tion of Congress. I renew my recommenda tion made at the opening of the last session of Congress that a commission be created for the purpose of auditing and determining the amounts of the several direct losses growing out of the destruction of vessels and their cargoes bv the Alabama, the Florida or the Shenandoah, after leaving Mellourne, for which the sufferers have received no equivalent or compensation, and of ascertaining the names of the per sons entitled to receive compensation for the same, making the computations upon the basis indicated by the Tribunal of Ar bitration at Geneva, and the payment of such losses be authorized to an extent not tn the awards of the Tribunal at Geneva. .ANGLO-AMERICAN BOUNDARIES. By an act approved on the 14th day of February last, Uongress maae provision ior completing, joimiv wnu " mw:i m ssion to be named dv xier untannic aiaj esty, the determination of so much of the boundary line between the territory of . the United States and the possessions of Great Britian as -was left uncompleted by the Commissioners appointed under the act of Congress of August 11, 1856. Under the provisions of this act the northwest water boundary of the United States has been determined and marked in accordance with the award of the Emperor of Germany. A protocol and a copy of the map upon which tho line was thus marked are contained in the papers submitted herewith,.' j- I also transmit copy of the report of the commission for marking the northern bound ary between the United States and the Brit ish possessions west of the Lake of the Woods. Of the operations of the commis sion during tho past season, surveys have been made to" a point 497 miles west of the Lake of the Woods, leaving about 350 miles, to be surveyed, the field work of which can be completed during tho next session. THE BRITISH CLAIMS. j The Mixed commission, organized under the provisions of the Treaty of Washing ton for settling and determining the claims of citizens of either Power against the oth er, arising out of acts committed against their persons or property during j the-'period between April 13, 1SG1, and April 9, 1SG5, made its final award on the 25th day of September last. It was awarded that the government of the United States should pay to the government of Her BritannicMaj esty within 12 months from the date of the award the sum of $1,929,819 in jjold. The commission disallowed or dismissed all oth er claims of British subjects against the United States. The amount of the claims presented by the British government, but disallowed or dismissed, is understood to be about $93,000,000. It also disallowed all the claims of citizens of the united States against Great Britain which were referred to it. I recommend the early passage of an act appropriating the amount necessary to pay this award against the United States. I have caused to be communicated to the government of the King of Italy the thanks of this government for the eminent services rendered by Count Costi as the third "Com missioner on this commission. With dignity, learning and impartiality, he discharged duties requiring great labor and constant patience to the satisfaction, I believe, of both governments. MORE CLAIMS COMING. I recommend legislation to create a spe cial court, to consist of three judges, who shall be empowered to hear and 'determine all claims of aliens upon the United States arising from acts committed against! their persons or propertv during the insurrection. The recent reference under the treaty of Washington was confined to claims of British subjects arising during, the period named in tho treaty, but it is understood that there are other British claims; of a similar-nature arising after the 9th of April, 1SG5, and it is known that other claims of a like nature are advanced by citizens or subjects of other powers, j it is desirable to have these claims also exam ined and disposed of.' , j THE DUTCH WAR. Official information being received from the Patch government of a state of, war between the King of the Netherlands and the Sultan 'of Acheen, the officers of tLe United States who were near the seat of war wore instructed to observe an impar tial neutrality. It is believed that they havo done so. MEXICAN AFFAIRS. The Joint Commission under the con vention with Mexico of 18GS having again been legally prolonged, has resumed its business, which it is hoped may be brought to an earl v conclusion. 1 he distinguished representative of Her Britannic Majesty at Vi;shington has i kindly, consented, with the approval of his government, to assume the arduous and responsible duties of um pire in this commission, and to lend the weight of his character ami name to such decisions as may not receive the acquies cence of both the arbitrators appointed by the respective .governments. ' The Commissioners "appointed, pursuant to the authority of Congress,' to examine into the nature and extent of the fpravs by trespassers from that country upon the herds of Texas, have made a report w-hich will be submitted for your consideration VEXEZUELEAN AFFAIRS. j The Venezuelean government has been apprised of the sense of Congress in regard to the award of the Joint Commission, un der the Convention of the 25th April, 186G, as expressed in the act of the 2Gth of JTcb- rn.irv last. It is apprehended that ; that p-overnment does not realize the character of its obligations under that Convention As there is reason to believe, however, that its hesitancy in recognizing them springs, in part at least, from real difficulty -in discharging them in connection with its obligations to other governments, the ; ex pediency of further forbearance on our part is believed to be -worthy 01 your consiuera tion. j TURKISH AFFAIRS. , j The Ottoman orovernment and that of Egypt have latterlv shown a disposition to relieve loreign consuls 01 me juujcuh pow ers which heretofore they have exercised in the Turkish : dominions by organizing other tribunals. As Congress, however, has by law provided for tho discharge of judicial functions by consuls of the United States in that quarter, under the treaty of 1830, I have not felt at liberty formally to accept the proposed change without ; the assent of Congress, whose decision ', upon the snbject at as early a period as may be convenient is earnestly requested. j THE SPANTSH-AMERIC KS REPUBLICS. I transmit herewith for the considera tion and determination of Congress an ap plication of the Republic of St. Domingo to this government to exercise a protector ate over that republic . Since the adjourn ment of Congress the folio wing treaties with foreign powers have been proclaimed: A naturalization convention with Denmark; a convention with Mexico for renewing the Claims Commission; a convention of friend ; ; ; ship, commerce and extradition with the Orange Free State, and a naturalization convention with Ecuador. I renew a re commendation j made in my message of December 1870, that Congress authorize the Postmaster General to issue all com missions to.tfficials appointed through his departments - j ' EXPATRIATION AND CITIZENSHIP. I invite the earnest attention of Congress to the existing daws of the United States respecting expatriation and the election of nationality by I individuals. Many of tho citizens of the United States reside perman ently abroad with their families. Under the provisions of the act approved February 10, 1855, the children of such persons are to be deemed and taken to'be citizens of the United States, but the rights of citizen- hip are not to descend to' persons whose fathers never resided in the -United States. It thus happens that persons who have never resided within the united states have been enabled to put forward a preten sion to the protection 'of. the United States against tho claim of ijiiilitary service otthe government under whose protection they were born and have been reared. In some ses, even naturalized citizens of the United States have returned to the land of their birth with intent to remain there, and their children, tho issue of a marriage con tracted there after their return and who have never been in the United States, have laid claim to our protection when the lapse of many years has imposed upon them the duty of military service to the only govern ment which had ever known them personal ly. Until the year 186S it was left embar rassed by conflicting opinions of courts and of jurists to determine how far the doctrine of perpetual allegiance, derived from our former colonial relations' with Great Britain, was applicable to American citizens. Con gress then wisely swept these doubts away by enacting that any declaration, instruc tion, opinion, order or decision of any officer of this government which denies, restricts, impairs or questions the right of expatriation is inconsistent with the fun- damental principles of this government; but. A. Congress did not indicate in that statute, nor has it since done so, whatacts are "to be deemed to work expatriation.. For my own guidance, in determining such questions a have required, under the provisions of the constitution, the opinion 111 writing ot the principal officer, in each of the executive departments, upon certain questions rela ting to this subject. The result satisfies me that farther legislation hits become ne cessarv. I therefore recommend the. sub ject to the careful consideration of Congress, and I transmit herewith copies of the sever ral opinions of the principal officers oi the executive departments, together with other correspondence and prominent information on the same subject. The United States, which led tho way m the overthrow of the feudal doctrine of perpetual allegiance, are anion? the last to indicate mow their own citizens may elect another nationality The papers submitted herewith indicate what is necessary to place us on a par with other leadinrr nations in liberalitv of leg islation on this international question. We have already in our treatise assented to the principles which' would need to be. embod ied iii laws intended to accomplish such re sults. . v e havo agreed that citizens of the United States may ceaso to be citizens and may voluntarily render allegiance to other Powers. We have agreed in some instances upon the length of timo necessary. for such intent. 1 Invite Congress now to mark out and define when and how expa triation can be accomplished, to regulate by lav'.the condition of American women marrying foreigners, to fix tho status of child fen-bora in a foreign country Of Am erican parents residing nioro, or less perma nently abroad, and to mako rules, ior -de terminiiig such other kindred points as may seem best to Congress, c ' -r ' SPANISH AFFAIRS. In compliance with the request of Con gress I transmitted to the American Minis ter at Madrid,, with instructions to present it to the Spanish government, the joint re solutions approved on the 3d of March last, tendering to ther people of Spain, in' the name and on behalf of the American peo ple, the. congratulations of Congress upon the, efforts to consolidate in Spain tho pri n ci pies of universal liberty in a republican form of government. The existence of this new republic, was inaugurated by striking the fetters from the slaves in Torto IticO. This beneficent measure was followed bv the release of several thousand persons il legally held as slaves in Cuba. Next, the Captain General of that colony was depriv- ea ot the power 10 set asiue me outers o his superiors at Madrid which had pertain ed to the office since 1825. THE SEQUESTERED ESTATES of American citizens which had been the cause of long and frequent corresjwndence, were ordered to be restored to their owners All these liberal steps were taken in the face of violent opposition directed by the reactionary slaveholders of Havana, who are vainly striving to stay the march o ideas which has j terminated slavery in Christendom Cuba only excepted. Un happily, however,! this baneful - influence has thus far succeeded in defeating the ef forts of all liberal minded men in Spain to abolish slavery in Cuba and in preventing the promised reform in that island. - The struggle for political suprepiacy continues. The proslavery and aristocratic element in Cuba is gradually arraying itself in more andmore open hostility and defiance of the home government, while it still' maintains a political connection with the Republic in the Peninsula, and although usurping and defying the authority of tho home govern ment whenever such usurpation or defiance tends in tho direction of oppression or of the maintenance of abuses, it is still a pow er in Madrid and is recognized by the gov ernment. A - -. - , '"' A DANGEROUS ELEMENT. - Thus an element more dangerous to con tinued colonial relations between Cuba and Spain than that which inspired the insur rection at Yara an element opposed to granting any relief from misrule and abuse, with no aspirations after freedom, com manding no sympathies in generous breasts, . aiming to rivet still stronger the shackles of shivery and oppression has seized many of the emblems of pow.er in Cuba, and, under professions of loyalty to the mother country, is exhausting the resources of tho island, and is doing acts which are at va riance with those principles of justice, of ibertv, and 01 right which give nobility of character to a republic. In the interests of humanity, of civilization and of progress u is 10 ue nopeu inai xuis evil innuenco may ! be soon averted. 1 I THE VTRGINIUS OUTRAGE. The steamer Virgihius was, oil the SGtli dsy of September, 1S70, duly registered at tho port of New York as a part of tho commercial marine of tho United States. . On the-4th of October, 1870, having re-' ceived the certificate of her register in tho usual legal form, she sailed from the port of New York and has not since been within the territorial jurisdiction of tho United ' States. On the 31st of October last, while sailing under tho flag of tho United States on the high seas, she was forcibly seized by the Spanish gunboat Tornado and was carried into the port of Santiago de Cuba, where many of her passengers and" crew were .inhumanly, and, so far, at least, as relates to those who were citizens of tho United States, without due process of law, put to death. It is a well : established principle, asserted by the United States from tho beginning of their national inde pendence, recognized by Great Britain and other maritime powers, and stated by tho Senate in a resolution passed unanimously on tho 16th of June, 1858, that American VESSELS ON THE HIGH SEAS, in time of peace, bearing the American flag, remain under the jurisdiction of the country to which they belong, and therefore, any visitation, molestation or detention of such vessels by force, or by the exhibition of force, on the, part of the foreign Power 13 in derogation of the sovereignty of the . United States. In accordance with this principle the restoration of the Virginius and the surrender of tho survivors of her -passengers and crew, and a duo reparation to the flag and the punishment of tho authorities who had been guility of the illegal acts of violence were demanded. The Spanish goverment has recognized tho justice of the demand and-has arranged for the immediate delivery of the vessel and for the surrender of tho survivors of the passengers and crew, and for a salute to the flag, and for proceedings looking to tho punishment of those who may bo proved to have been guilty of illegal acts of violence towards citizens of the United States, and also towards indemnifying those- who may le shown to bo entitled to indemnity. A copy of a protocol of a conference between tho Secretary 01. State and the Spanish Minister, in which the terms of this arrange ment were agreed to, is transmitted here with. I The correspondence on this subject with the Legation of the United States is in cipher and by cable, and needs tho veri fication of the.aetuartext of the correspon deneeJ. It has seemed tome to be due to the importance of tho case not to submit this correspondence until the accurate text can bo received by mail. It is expected shortly, and will bo submitted when ro ceivedJ - " A HINT ON SPANISH SLAVERY. In taking leave of this subject for tho present; I wish to renew tho experience of my conviction that the existence 01 African slavery in Cuba is a principal cause of the lamentable condition of the island. I do not doubt -that' Congress sliares with ino the .hope that it will soon be made to dis appear, and that peace and prosperity may follow its abolition. The embargoing of American estates in Cuba, crucify to Am erican eitizens detected in no act of hostility . to the Spanish government, the murdering of , -prisoner's taken with arms in their hands, and finally the capture upon tho high seas of a .vessel sailing under the United States .flag and bearing a United States registry, has culminated in an outburst of indignation that has seemed for a timo to threaten war. Pending negotiat'ons between the United States and the government of Spain on tire subject of the capture, I have authorized the Secretary of the Navy to put our navy on war footing, to the extent, at least, of the entire annual appropriation for ? that branch of the service, trusting to Congress and the public opinion of tho American people to justify my action. THE ELECTION OF PRESIDENT -CONSTAT C TIONAL AMENDMENT. , Assuming from tho action of thelast Congress in appointing a Committee on Privileges and Elections to prepare a re port to this Congress a' constitutional a mendment to provide; a better method of electing the President and Vice President of the United Statesj and also from the necessity of such an Amendment that there will be submitted to the State Legisktures for ratification such' an improvement in our constitution, I suggest two others for your consideration: v First To authorize the Execntive to ap prove of so. much of any measure passing the two houses of Congress Is "his judg ment may dictate without approving ; the whole; Jtlie disapproved portionior portions to be subjected to the same rule as now to wit, to be referred back td the House in which the measure originated, and, if pas sed by a two-thirds vote of the two Houses, then to become a law without the approv al of tho President. I would add to this a provision that there should be no legisla tion by 'Congress -during' the last 24 hours of its sitting except upon vetoe in order to give the Executive an ' opportunity to examine and approve or -disapprove bills understanding!-. (Continued on' 2nd..liagc.) -