WHAT FARMERS WANT TO KNOW.
' - Professor Massey in Progressive Farmer. : ;:';
Some farmers need to know that writing with a pale pen-:
cil on dark paper is hard on old eyes, and that it a reply is
wanted ;by mail, they should enclose a stamp. White paper
and pen and ink are all cheap enough, and if a reply is not.
worth a two-ent stamp n is ui xittxc .
Pea Weevil. The weevil that infests peas ana. Deans is a
little black beetle with white markings on msws w.
,1 not more than three-sixteenths of an inch long. He
has a snout which is inserted into the peas through te green
Pod and the female lays an egg there. This hatches to-a
worm-like form and feeds on the pea,, going into the pupa
state in the pea arid coming out a full grown beetle ready
for work at once. The full grownbeetles live oyer winter
and come out in the spring. The scientific name is Bmhus
v Tf thft seed are heated to a temperature of 145 de
grees for an hour they may be destroyed in thcr peas and
never get out After they are out the best thmg;is to
smother them with fumes of carbon bisulphide. A pint pt
this in a pan set on top of one hundred Dusneis oi peas aim
the bin-closed up will smother all the beetles, as the fumes
are heavier than. air. They are also explosive and fare must
bepIanot,tonseed Hulls.--Cottonseed hulls have a feed-
th same as wheat straw, but they are nara
Vlitrpct. than the straw. I would prefer corn shucks
vr m - - 1 .1 i.l, .
and corn stover, and fodder is iar away ueuer man un
seed hulls. . . .. , :Q
Spraying Tomatoes-Slake 8 pounds of lime and S
pounds of sulphur together in a barrel covered with a sack.
Then add water enough to make 50 gallons- Strain this
into a spraying macnine, and spray the plants as soon as
set out, and every ten days till the tomatoes are half grown.
This -will prevent rot and leaf blight, but will have no effect
on the Southern bacterial blight. Thevonly thing for that
is to avoid infested land.
Keeping Eggs Yes, you can keep eggs m water-glass,
-Silicate of soda,- for some length of time. But they can
not be sold for the price of fresh eggs, and I never want to
eat any eggs but the fresh laid ones. V
' Clover Backward. Give it a top-dressing of .300 pounds
of Thomas phosphate and 25 pounds of muriate of potash
.'well mixed- J think this will help it. .
Chloride or Sulphate of Potash. "I notice in a seeds
man's catalog that muriate of potash should never be used
n pohWe. Is this correct V I know of no reason' why
the muriate should not be as good' for cabbage as the sul
phate. The cabbage in a wild state is a native ot the sea
Rhnre. Wnd there eret nlenty of chlorine in the chlordie of
-zrr in rrt or salt and the muriate is the chloride of potash.
T have found that the sulphate is best for tobacco, and for
any plant in wnicn sugar is an liupuriauv mmg oa uu
" ons, tomatoes sweet potatoes, etc. "But if I were making i
get the potash from
a
the
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applying 30 pounds of 'plaster in every 100 pounds-. The
;mQnf Tnnttrs forneaxmts are phosphate acid and pot-
aci, fnt-lilre reas. thev can sret nitrogen from the air, thougn
a little nitrate of .soda at the start will, give them an early
" Male and Female Ears.-'-A neighbor qlaims that an ear
of corn that is hollow at the butt where broken off is a female
ear, and one that is smooth where broken off is a. male and
non-productive for seed. - How is this r" Xt is simply pure
t- ", ' in tviihoItt fnmoln ' 'fill
nonsense.' ivery ear on every piam, u r
it is fertilized by pollen from the tassels, the male-element.
The silks are the pistils of the female flowers, eacn terminat
ed at the lower end by an ovary, and -the cod is simpiy me
rcebtacle on which the pistillate or female flowers grow,
arid every grain is the truit ot an maiyiauai lemaie nuvycx.
the tassels rinen. the fine, dustrlike pollen.- . is blown : all
- m. - i , . ... . n st
arourid by; the wind and tails 6n the; outer part oi tne pi
til'a or silks.Thesd beins moist and naked, the pollen gram
cTTTna oTirJ' frTftwa rlnwnwnrrl till it reaches the. ovary, ana
there the ovule takes on a new growth and the fruit or seed
is formed. And there is never seed formed till .a pollen
crain errows down the silk and makes it. Then each truit
makes a seed, the result of the union of the male and fe
male elements, and there are no male or temale ears.
v V: INTENSIVE FARMING;:-.::
3
If M-1
fertilizer for cabbage. I would
muriate because it is cheaper.
Fertilizim? Watermelons. "Shall I use manure in the
hills or fertilizer, or both, for watermelons !" fWe have
long ago quit making " hills' ' for melons or cucumbers.
Melons, both watermelons and cantaloupes and cucumbers,
are very largely grown where I live. The growes run out
deep furrows in January and fill them half full of manure.
These furrows are six feet apart for cantaloupes and cu
cumbers and ten feet for watermelons. The manure is got
ten in early so as ,to rot to some extent by planting time.
Then at rilantiner 500 Dounds of high-grade 7 65 ferti-
x O JL ww -
lizer is applied on the manure and bedded. The beds are
rolled flat and the seed sown in a continuous row.. After a
good stand is assured the watermelons are thinned to six
feet, and as the vines start to run about an ounce of nitrate
of soda is scattered around each plant. It is found that
the best melons must have manure and fertilizer both-
Where to Use Floats. 1 1 have a car-load of Tennessee
phosphate rock. If I use this to same money value that I
would use acid phosphate on land that has abundance of
vegetable decay, can I get as good results as from acid
phosphate t" I think that on your swamp soil you will get
even better results .with the floats than with acid phosphate
' But besides phosphoric acid, your black soil especially needs
. potash more than any other class of soils. To get the best
results from the floats you should use. muriate of potash
liberally with the floats. ,
isone meal. '.what do you tninK oi Done meal d per
cent ammonia and 50 per cent some sort of acid orlime?"
l suppose mat tne article is represented as navmg 6 per
cent ammonia and 50 per cent bone phosphate of lime That
is 3 per cent ammonia and about 25 per cent of phosphate
acid, a large partof which is for the time being unavaila
ble. I think that it is a very costly way to get phosphoric
acid, and that the sariiple is riot high in ammonia, for a
good sample of raw bone meal should have 4 per cent of
nitrogen. You can get ..phosphoric acid : more . cheaply in
acid phosiVhate and ammonia more cheaply by growing
peas and clover. The phosphoric acid in bones is not a par-
- tide 'better -than phosphate acid in rock. Both are the
the same identical thing, and the phosphoric acid in the
dissolved rock is more readily available than in raw bone
meal, -which irust decay and the ammonia - become nitrified
before it comes into use. You can gvet the nitrogen cheap
er in nitrate of soda if you must buy it. V.
Peas vs. Soy Beans. A field from which soy beans and
cowpeas were cut was disked fine and sown to wheat last
.. fall. "The wheat, right to a line, is much finer where peas
were sown. Why is this.!" It is Tight in line with what I
have often observed in regard to these two crops. Soy
beans make a fine crop of excellent forage, but' where they
arid peas are' both, cut off the greater development of the
root system of the r.eas will leave more organic matter, and
hence more, organic nitrogen than the soy beans. If both
- were turned under entire, I, don't think that there would be"
much difference, for the top growth of the soy beans is very
. rich in nitrogen, but tne greater root development of the
peas will make a pea bubble worth more than that from
the beans. . ' ' - J ' . . 1 :..
Peanuts and Lime "Will prepared lime. injure a fertili
zer if mixed, with it?" How is the best way to use lime
' for peanuts ? " Lime, mixed in a complete fertilizer will
tend to revert the phosphate Nacid and make it more slowly
available and will carbonate and drive off ammonia from
organic matter like cottonseed meal. Lime is not a ferti
lizer, though the 'lime makers' often try to make farmers
" believe that it is. Its use on peanuts is to release any in
soluble potash that may be in the soil, for it is 'the deficien
cy of potash, the strach former, that causes pops. You can
appiy some nine oy usm me , nomas pnospnate that car
ries ; 40 "per. cent of lime. U The 'phosphoric acid in this is
rot ko
as m acid pnospnate. You can mix a little
Tifh it ts fti start er.- without dam'
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What Can Be Done on a Twenty-Ace Farm in the South:
The colonial idea in the South was that it required 1,000
acres to make : a good plantation, and 2,000 acres to make
a rich planter. These figures have dwindled down through
the decadal periods, until now it is not only ; possible to
grow rich in that region on a 100-acre farm, but on a one
-horse farm or a one-mule farm, thrifty farmers may easily
support a family and have something left at the end of the
yeari or a neat bank account. That is r not a , theoretical
idea but a fact demonstrated on just "such a. limited tract
in a number ..of instances along the Southern railway. For
the encouragement of small farmers who have heretofore
failed, and, probably still are failing to make both, ends
meet, because they are, unhappy located in the wrong place
for , small farmers, we give some instances which must be
convincing without further proof.
A Virginia farm of 34 acres yielded $1,067 in cash, net
profit in one year. It produced in that time 1,000 bu3hels
of potatoes, which brought $600; hay sold for $115; early
cabbage sold for $150 : milk and butter from four cows
bringing $310; other products seed, corn, asparagus, hon
ey, and stock sold, adding to the gross receipts in all $1,
387. For labor, fertilizers, feed for stock, and an allowance
for interest on the land investments taxes, repairs ; and waste
was deduced $320. In the meantime the owner had support
ed his family comfortably, and his land, by careful cultiva
tion, had advanced in value. . ' ; '
Further South," a farmer produced 28 bales of cotton on
19 acres. Including seed, the crop brought - him $3,300.
Deducting cost of labor, feed for one mule, fertilizer seed,
repairs, .interest ana incidentals, estimated at it$auu,nis net
profits for one, year' were $2,500-. ;
In this case the planter received an unusually high price
for his cotton seed $3 per bushel. v .
A Catawba, N. C. farmer, raising hogs on 25 acres, di
vided the land into four fields, rotating with cowpeas, sorg
hum cane, and eiover for forage, and corn for feed' from the
His stock were of good strain; his methods up-to-date,
ear.
and his land was subjected to intelligent and careful treat
ment, enhancing its value by making it twice as f ertille and
productive as when he began, only a few years ago, to raise
swine for profit. His clear profit for the year was $1,200.
Others; and they are not few, have purchased small tract
in the Southern Railway districts the southeast, and have
done about as those above cited, and now, with lands finely
cultivated and worth several times more than they cost.
they are independent and prosperous-
'Lands in hundreds of fine localities in the territory em-
I bracing the bouthern railway lines can be purchased at ex
ceedmgly low rates, and can be made as productive by a
few years proper tillage as lands in their vicinity under a
high state of cultivation now and valued at many times the
price of these adjacent and uncultivated tracts. There is
room for thousands of Northern farmers who would change
to better lacations, opportunities which they can nowhere
else find; and possibilities in the soil of these Southeastern
sections passirig all expectations ; -
The Land ; and Industrial Department of the Southern
Kailway will furnish lists of many places desirably situat
ect for sale in the Southeast, and will promptly answer in-
1111Min vnnn 4.1. O A 1 1711 1 '"t"
H"uco wuuciuuig iiieiu. ooumern x1 leid. . ' ..r
HOW TO CONTKOL LICE ON SETTING HENS.
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Cr-ra czD ,
Some Suggestions That Should Have Imkiate Attention'
"The losses by poultry raisers due to injury to the flock
y lice is enormous' ays Prof. J- G. Halpin, headfof-fKe
uv,ai tiuut vi mc vuiicge ui -ti.gricuiture qi tne
University of Wisconsin. "This is especially -true in 'the
case of the setting hen whose body fib-nishes an ideal place
for the growth of lice. An idea of the rapid reproduction
of these pests can be 'gained from a recent experiment
which shows that in an eight weeks ' period one louse pro-
uuceu 6t,uw nee. ; - ; . -v- -.a v
"The physical vigor of lice-infested hens is materially
impaireu ; me nens are uneasy and. restless and 2 neglect
their sitting. By far the greatest injury, wrought by. ihe
lice-infested" hens is their ready transmission of the3e psts
iu ine leuuer cmcKs wno are in a aeienseless, condition to
s;Pt the parasites.' '.; . . '. -.ri l--
" The season is almost ' here when the setting hen ;witf be
called into service, ' .', continued Prof essor Halpin; 'and :SHe
should be in the best physical condition for efficient re
sults. It is a good policy to dust the hen thoroughly with
some good insect; powder before she is c given any eggs.
Then repeat this during three to four, times during the in
cubation .period if any evidence of lice is noted. The last
dusting should occur about four days before the eggs are
hatched :::: 'yzzr
' : A. simple and , effective insect powder can be prepared
by .using 8 partsd gasoline, one part crude - mrhnlin ;
(strength 90 to, 95 per cent) and stirring in, sufficient plas
ter of ,Faris or othef fine powdery ingredient until a thick
Wist mixture is formed. Spread out this mass on a cloth
or paper in'a fairly warm room to allow the surplus gasoline"
to evaporate. At the end of 24 hours the powder is ready
for use. Another excellent dusting powder can be made
by runnmg refuse tobacco stems through the feed mill and
using the powder thus obtained for insect control "
. ;v';'.i :- ' " - ---.- - -.-. - . ... ' r...
.The best, crops are impossible without good seeds, no mat
ter how favorable other. conditions may be. ; I C
The Holsteiri-Friesian Association offer: W
th3 best breeder's yonn.hcrd both.'ths Tir-Mv-.
! ' "" ; 1 ' t -! 4' S ... 'it W -H , . .
EmbipiderL
rs HavA Jncf A.
Trimmins
A
com
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and
Dlete
boys
line of M
new spring
suits.
A
SPECIAL
JustArVived
Marquisettes' in delicate shades
Fancy Chiffons i-J
White lace brotades
w
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DEPARTMENT STD
fTl Tf T J TT C nrtll nor 1
mission to agents soliciting new subscribers for He,
leading ifeeklj. I
The
F:
renc
Broad
A campaign for 1000 new subscribers in Heni
i
Just begun The first two hundred new snbscribtj
handsome combination kitchen set, yalued at h
antee that the set is perfect in erery respect, for h
$1.85
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. ' lYrite for agents sample case an p Ba
want a person who is not arala.r4nsJlT,
eier cross road in Henderson and a"1
-P. O.' BOX 254
Don't Take any
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Invest your money in an estaD
myaym2 Hberial annual divide
panyjayxng
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Zrnuarters' at Vr t ;-;.f