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TO IMPROVE EXHAUSTED
'Y son.
Practice Suitable Rotation of Such
Crops as Corn and Peas, Pea
nuts, Soy Beans, Etc.
(By G. H. ALFORD, Farmers Co
operative Demonstration Work
TVcf -Tflflrson. Miss.)
J. W. H. Vaughan, N. C., asks
the following question: "What is
the best way to improve exhaust
ed land? Is it best to plant corn
and cotton on beds on well drain
ed upland?. What 'are the best
implements to use in cultivating
corn and cotton on upland.
xPlow ; the land deeper every
time it is broken and turn under
the corn and cotton stalks, oat,
pea, soy bean and other stub
ble, grass land trash. If the soil
needs drainage, drain it. Reduce
the . washing1 to the minimum by
thoroughly pulverizing the soil
and filling it full of vegetable
matter for about ten inches. Keep
something green growing on the
land in the spring, summer, fall
and winter, Practice a well bal
anced system of farming one
that will include more leguminous
crops to enrich instead of wear
out the land ; one that will include
more stock to consume the grass
and leguminous .crops that must
be grown to enrich the land and
to make manure to further enrich
the land. Practice a suitable ro
tation of crops such .as corn, and
peas, oats followed by peas, pea
nut, soy beans, or lespedeza, and
cotton. Under this system' of ro
tation with the legumes, your land
will need only ground phosphate
rock and possible potash.- By
practicing this rotation of crops
the Louisiana station at Calhoun
brought the cotton up to a bale
and more, the corn yield to 37
bushels, and; the oats in one case
to more than 60 bushels.
I think it advisable to plant the
cotton on slightly elevated beds.
Plant the corn on a level. Culti
vate the corn, on a level.
, Cultivators, heel sweeps and
harrows. A turning plow is out
w- rwv' u vsu-iv v aiu -11x4. aitci
the-land is broken unless the soil
is devoid of vegetable matter and
runs together after heavy rains or
..unless it rains for two or three
weeks and it becomes necessary to
bury grass. If the soil becomes
hard after heavy rains, it may be
advisable to use the turning plow
as a necessary evil. If it is ne
cessary to use the turning plow
"to stir the soil or to clean out the
grass, by all means use cultivators
or harrows a few days after us
ing the turning plow to thorough
ly pulvpre the soil and make a
dust mulch.
DEMAND FOR HORSES.
twenty. He purchased " a good
male and continued to improve
Number of Animals Used Some-(his, herd, until he has now some
thing Tremendous. Call for fine milkers that will give De
Those Keenly Felt Percheron' tween four and five gallons per
' Is Particularly Adapted to day. . . , . v
Texas. T . j . The writer paid a visit to mm
hspH in thft dhliverv vans of the irmirovement which he has made v, : , ' .
LIVE STOCK NOTES.
Sunshine is good for the pigs. ;
Keep them in it. ' :
The hogs should not be allow
ed to become lqusy. ;
It is perfectly teasible to use
one-
The number of horses that are in May and was astonished at tne Whev is worth about
rovement wmcn ne na hu mn.li as skimmilk for pie:
great dry goods houses of the in his land. We found him plant- ...
country alone is something tre- ing corn with a two-horse planter
mendous and shows at once what on land that he had. manureu xroiu
little difference the automobile his stable during the ' winter,
has made as far as this kind of spreading the manure broadcast
traction goes in the large cities as it was made. v. The land was
of the country, and this is still plowed last fall, so that no. loss
more marked whenwe'take into was sustained during the winter
consideration the great breweries; by washing, and .the manurt
the heavy hauling companies, and worked in when preparing for his
the vast unopened sections' of this corn ' this spring,
country and Canada which call ' He had about 10 acres of the
for the heaviest and most power-'prettiest wheat we ever saw, and
ful breed of draught horses. The twice that much in oats. The
automobile has not even touched wheat will make anywhere from
this latter heavy draught work, 20 to 40 bushels per acre, and the
nor will it for many years to come- oats well, it is difficult to say
It is very doubtful indeed, wheth- what they . will produce. Last
er motor traction will ever mat- year he threshed 300 bushels of
terially interfere with the purpos- fine Burt oats from seven acres,
es for which heavy draught horses and he showed lis the bin in his
are at present used, and it is ques- barn with over 200 bushels still
tionable, too, whether the motor unused. The oats were vigorous,
van or truck will do much more dark erreen in color, showing the
than it has done in regard to the " effect of manure on the land and it
services for which these two kind was remarkable that al) the gul
of draught 'horses are required. lies have disappeared-
The horse in the crowded and Another thing that was especi
busy commercial centers of great ally noticeable; while his land is
cities has proved up to date and quite rolling, we did not see a
in all t probability will prove in single terrace, and he has been
the long run, to be the power that able to keep his land from wash
is best adapted for traffic in the ing by deep plowing and by lay-
congested districts and thorough- ing off his rows as nearly as pos
fares, and when the horse and the sible on a level.' The fact also
automobile have competed for that he sows down a large part of
ultimate supremacy in these two his land in wheat and oats and
fields it will be found that it is follows this with cowpeas has
the mechanical and not the ani- helped greatly in building up his
mal power that will ".be found land and preventing erosion,
wanting. r jjr Kasmier sells his butter in
The lighter draught or van Atlanta at 35c per wholesale, and
horse is still in great demand and disposes of his buttermilk at 15c
will continue to be so, and breed- per gallon, which brings him in
ers who produce . a good active a steady income the year round,
stamp of horse of this description and really constitutes his princi
will continue to find a profitable pal money crop. His farm is a
market for him. , small one, worked principally by
Jn regard to the heavier breeds, himself and family, with a little
it is important to notice the in- hired help now and then; and he
creasing demand -from : the west :is gradually -getting ahead, until
and northwest, to say nothing of he has gotten him up a nice barn,
the boundless expanse of fertile a comfortable home and one of
territory being opened up in the ' the best arranged little diries we
Canadian northwest, where farm-' ever saw on a small farm. He
ing activities are developing to had the advantage of a nice spring
an enormous extent and which! near his house, so that he could
calls for large numbers of horses' run the cold spring water through
of the heavy breeds, and of which his dairy and keep his milk at an
the Clydesdale is the favorite in even temperature, and keep his
that country. butter cool and firm so that it
Domestic breeding does not . has not been necessary for him
Degm to meet the demands for to go to the expense oi miying ic:
ii .hi
The Ameateur Gardener.
Our,- secret as amateur garde
ners may be summed up in the
first sentence of Elizabeth and
Her German Garden "I love my
garden." Indeed love will work
wonders even . with cabbage and
carrots ! We adored every square
inch of dirt, every green . and ,as
piring sprig, and if the squash
we soliciously telephone the seed-'
store man to find out the kind of
insect powder to administer, and
whether with or without water.
Something interesting was al
ways happening! In our happi
ness we pited the idle rich with
their readvrmade gardens on the
boulevard, and thought the Eli
zabeth was wise. when she wrote,
"If Eve had had a spade iri it,
"we should not have had all that
sad business of. the apple."
Unwittingly we almost made
one fatal mistake ; we tried to eat
all the twenty-nine kinds .ov veg
etables -thatis, until there was
a protest from the department of
the interior. Then we were seiz
ed with a sudden desire to sell
the surplus to our1 friend,' the gro
ceryman, and for two davs we
toiled , doing up bunches of let
tuce tor the aggregate sum of
$1-10 when we went on a strike.
We tried giving the stuff away
to our triends and neighbors, the
. milkman and the iceman, and the
Home for the Aged, but still Tegi-
ments oi radishes and thinsrs con
tinued to sprout in that 2,000
square teet. We resrularlv. ex
pressed boxes to friends over the
eountrythere is a low rate on
; vegetables even as far as Phila
delphia- The remainder of win
ter vegetables we left, in the late
autumn, to a .poor familv in the
neighborhood, . basketfuls, , with
our blessing ! Harper's Bazar.
The main 'thing in feeding for
eggs when prices are high, is a
warm place tor the hens to roost.
these horses, and as the opening
up of this territory is only in its
infancy, the numbers that will
be required to do the heavy work
of this vast region can only be im
agined. The same argument holds
good in the undeveloped section5!
of the United Statees where, the
same conditions will prevail, and
where farmers and others using
these heavy draught animals will
calj for their favorite breeds ac
cording to the section of the
country in which they are best
liked. This means of course great
chances . fo the Shire. Clydes
dale, Percheron, Belgian and Suf
folk which, are the five greatest
breeds of heavy . draught horses
in existence.
The demand for heavy horse
power has never before been so
keenly felt, a fact which shows
very plainly how much they are
in demand. '
To such an extent have western
buyers been purchasing this
class of animal that they have
bought up every heavy draught
horse on whole ranges, which cer
tainly does not look as if . the
heavy draughters was a back
number- In Texas the Percheron
is in great demand; the climate
seems to suit him and the horse
appears to sr't the people, but
Texas is an enormous territory
and there is ample scope and
plenty of work to do for any class
f heavy draught horse in the
Lone Star state.' And it is the
same in every agricultural sec
tion of the country.
Effect of Cows on Land.
About seven years ago Mr. A.
Kasmier purchased one of the
poorest, most run-down farms in
Fulton county. It consisted prin
cipally of about 75 acres of red
gullied land, which would hardly
nroduce a third of a bale of cot
ton to the acre. There was also
about an equal amount of wood
land, which he f enced in for pasture-
He had little to go upon
but manacred to cet hold of a few
cows, and purchased more as oo
portunity offered, until he work
ed up a nice little herd of about
for this purpose. '
Mr.' Kasmier does not grow col
ton to any great extent, but last
year he did' make some cotton
over a bale to the acrfe n a few
acres which he planted. He is
rapidly bringing all his land into
... .. rm ... .. ' "I
a high state ot cultivation, ana u
is easily worth today over one
hundred dollars per acre. We
doubt very much if he would ac
cept that price for his farm.
In a small pasture near the
house we noticed a few South
down sheep, a new venture of Mr.
Kasmier's which he took hold of
last fall. The sheep are doing
nicely and . he believes will be a
profitable' investment. J
His farm is . a .marked contrast
to those adjoining where no. cows
are kept, plainly illustrating the
fact "that with even a small dairy
farming land can be brought m
to a high state of cultivation and
made worth many times what
similar land, without cows, would
make. This little farm stands a?
an object lesson to Southern far
mers, although it is in an out of
the way place where few have an
opportunity to see it. We wish
we could br the lesson home
to our read e- as we are 'sure it
would convir" them that the way
to build up the land an make a
farm profitable is to r.asie stock of
some kind or carry on a dairy.
While Mr. Kasmier has not been
able to show any very great pro
fit from his dairying operations,
at the same time it has given him
a good liveihood and. the princi
pal benefit has come through the
improvement Atlanta Journal.
Feeding1 Newly Hatched: Chicks
The poultry experts of the Kan
sas State , Agricultural ,Collepf
feed the - newly hatched chick
crumbly food for .the first three
weeks, , then nothing is .used but
dry feed; consisting, of the seed
"racked grain and "corn bread'
baked crisp and then crushed
fine. v .
A hen that lays 150 eggs a year
costs no more to feed than the
one that lays only 75 eggs.
feeding.
, The boar should be kept in a
nen'and vard some distance
from the sows. ' '
Pigs will begin to eat at four
weeks, and sooner if a sow
is a-poor sucker.' ' '.
: The shoats should not be kept
in the same enclosure with the
brood sows. -
; Get the young pigs out on . the
erround as soon .as the weather
O . ; ...
will - permit.
The swill or feed barrel should
be well cleaned and scalded every
week, at least.
- Hogs enjoy being scrubbed
with warm water and soap, and
it is good for them.
Keep the sleeping quarters and
feeding places clean and thoro
ughly disinfected
Nothing will retard the growth
or cripple a young pig so quickly
as to keep it on board floor.
Spray . with some . good disin
fectant, and grease all over and
don't neglect the inside of the
ears.
Good skimmilk is worth 25
cents per hundered for pig feed
ing, when corn sells for 50 cents
per. bushel.
Cowpeas and corn make ex
cellent silage, or tht fixture may
be used to furnish the best of
sheep and hog pasture-
Excepting oil meal a farmer
should grqw all the varieties of
feeds necessary to the most suc
cessful swine husbandry.
New Dipheria Treatment.
New York Globe-
A cohiple of Russian doctors
are working on a . new method
of immunization against diphte-
ria. it consists ot direct treat
ment with the diptheria- poi
son which is inserted into nos
trils on pledegts of cotton. Dser-
shovsky found that by means of
tms procedure (tne doses oi
toxin presumably being gradually
increased in strength) he could
in a few days produce a higher
and more lasting immunity u
diphtheria than by means of the
ordinary antitoxin.
The latter has some ' disadan
tages despite its great, value
and may be superseded in cer
tain cases by the newer prophy
latic if the claims of the Russian
doctors prove true. The ant:
toxin" is more rapid in its action
and hence should be preferred
for treatment in actual cases o'
diphtherial. Blunienau, . one of
the Russian experimenters, re
ports the use of the toxin o?
seventeen children, with the pro
duction in most of them of a higl
dhree of imraunitv.
In making the ordinary anti
toxin a horse is treated with in v
creasing dose of the diphteria po;
son until its blood becomes "rid
in a antidotal substance. . Tlr
horse is then bled and th'
fluid portion of its blood contair:
the antidote concitiutes the dip.lv
theria ' antitoxin of commerce
The Russian doctors scheme sire
ply amounts to cutting out th'
horse and letting each hum a
being manufacture his own. ant'
dote. Where there, is time ther-
is something to be said for thi
plan, if it issafe and effective.
Changing Variety of Seed Whea'
Many farmers make the mis
take' of sowing year nfter year ?
variety of wheat, which yields sev
eral bushels less per acre nndjr
their conditions than some other
variety would do under the sa:n
conditions, says the Maryland ex
periment station. Often the only
reason why a. particular variety
has become popular in certain lo
calities is because. when first "ni re
duced it gave an extra high yield
due more to exceptionally. g-Vod
treatment in a favorable s ascn
than high-yielding qualities of th
variety. When a new variety v
introduced in a community or oi
a farm it should always ba growr
in the same field and beside -. a
well-known or. standard variety
It. is difficult to determine the pos
sibility of any ariety when ,ora!
paring a field on one end of the
arm. with another on the other
end. or what is still worse, com
Daring one man's field with that
of. his neighbor, i. ; v;
.Take time to burn or bury deep
all fowls that die. .
SFMNG
oi
dery
Triinihings
Silk
Just Arrived
A
complete
line
of Mens
and
bys new spring
suits. v
v
A FEW SPECIALS
J ust Arrive d
Marquisettes' in deHcatef shades
. Fancy Chiffons. -r
White lace ( brocadesi - Tri
35 cts.
35 cts.
-65 cts.
m
DEPARTMENT STORE.
T he Feed Thai is AH Feed
For Hors es, Mules Cows,
H
and Poultry.
emember Si Times
CORNO is the largest selling brand of feed in the United St .tes.
CORNO is the original Alfalfa balanced grain ration. All others are m
' tations. ' ; ': :i -
CORNO is a better Feed for less money.
CORNO will measure 3 2-3 bushels to every 100 lb. bag.
CORNO is -GUARANTEED absolutely to do all that is claimed for it (?
reward if it fails after 30 days continued use, if used according to ins
ions'.) vO:;. :-'yr':
"CORNO will enable your stock to do more hard Wark they look better, h
:etter and work better..
Feed same measure as oats; l2 to more than shelled corn.
I
st on
COR
10-tlie ORIGINAL tlie
i
AC CEP T P O SUBSTITUTES.
Our famous brand of Flour
has-No;equalH::v ; y.i
JLDEAjj
W
etmur
Houston,
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. HAY . GRAIN AND FLOUR.
pZga..ir ,.. i ii... Hi,..!.., ...ii, iliiuiil.,-i- JU
0 Ul
nave Stonnprooi
, the bid&i'
V Roofs pot on over twenty year ago areas good
1 new Fnr fitrtk AlUA information apply
F0I2 SALE CY THE FAKIIEn3 SUPPLY C03IPAK1'