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V ; XXVI, NO il
Govermental Investigation of
Drainage Prospect in This Territory
Geographical Location, Natural Surface Conditions,
Rainfall and Its Effect Character of the Streams
and Chief Factors Rate of Run-Off Treated in
Scientific Manner The Official Report.
Vnited States Department of Agricul
tare Bureau of Public Jioatls.
F. St. J. Wilson, Acting Director.
111 cooperation with North Carolina
Department of Agriculture.
mtu'1 Uii " ' "J
tion of Mud Creek Tributaries, Hen -
dprson Coimtv. N. C, by I I. M. I.yiKle
Senior Drainage Engineer,
t
Prepared Under the direction of
S.
H. McCrory. Chief of Drainage In-
7; Vestigations, March
Introduction
In response to a request from Jir.
J.,M. Gray, District Farm Demonstra-
V tion Agent, Asheville, X. C, a pre-
ylminary examination was made or
...cVIud Creek and its tributaries, Hen
derson County, N. Gi, on January 10 j
and 11, 191$. Frank Flemming, Coun
ty Agent of Henderson County, ana
Messrs E. W. Ewbanks and S. Y.
Tryson accompanied the engineer and
j ave considerable information con
cerning conditions in the district. The
examination was made partly by au
tomobile and partly on foot. The
French Bread River was traversed on
foot for a distance of 4 1-2 miles be
tween the head of Long Shoals ana
the head of 'Buck Shoals, as well as
- portions of Mud Creek and its tribu
taries. The engineer is indebted to
Mr. G. W. Justice, Civil Engineer of
T r 3 , .,.mll "NT frr o mark rf 1
the o5stiict made in 1916, and also to
tre Clerk of the Court for access to
records.
Geographical Location
Henderson County, N. C, lies in,sides and comprise some of the rich-
the southwestern part of the State,
and is a typical mountain county, con
sisting of mountain ranges, isolated
peaks, a rolling plateau, and level
areas of valley land. One of the most
noticeable features of the topography
is a Iro.id, rolling intermountain
plateau, covering about 60 to 75
sqare niiles. in the vicinity o f Hen
dersonville, Flat Rock, and Northeast
to Fruitlar.d. Thisplateau has an
elevation of from 2100 to 2300 feet
and resombles in many respects the
.VJedmont section of the State. It is
t;is eciion which is drained by Mud
Creek and its tributaries, with a
watershed area of 112 square miles,
emptying into the French Broad river
in the Northwest central part of the
county.
The proposed district approximat
ely determined, comprises the bottom
land along Mud Creek from the
Flat Rock road to the French Bd. river
a distance of 8 and 3-4 miles; Bat
Fork Creek trcm the Upward road to
it3 junction with . Mud Creek at the
Edneyville road, a distance of ; . 3 .1-2
miles; King Creek for 3-4 mile above
ita junction with Bat Fork; Devils
Fork Creek for two miles above the
ErtvieyviUe i"id, where it joins vMud
Creek; and 1-2 and 1-4 miles respec
tively at the lower ends of Clear and
Brittan's Creeks; comprising a total
length of aproximately 15 3-4 miles. (
The corporate limits of Henderson
" vllle the county seat, population
4000 rpqch out to "the east and take in
abqrjj - -T -ot the Mud Creek
bofe-.-.- 4Je upper end of the
strict. The Asheville and Spartan
' bUrg branch of the Southern Rail
'yi warparar'l. Mud Creek for several
f .r Hen'dersonville. crosslnsr
r-.- jnuw i"- ,"
it About two miles above the mver.
Natural Surface Conditions
The land in the proposed district
has an elevation of around 2100 feet
above sea level. The water-sheds of
r . natr on ri tributaries are in
MUQ wn. "
r general of a gently rolling nature,
f with bead waters terminating in the
5 mountains. The boundaries of the
lufttom lands are weu aennea u, an
abrupt rise to the upland.
Arcordlng to a survey mad in 1818
' j-f Mr- O- w- Jtttic, Civil engineer,
'rr- : . . rsvfnt ftWtei tare
miles above the French Broad River-,
together with the above mentioned
tributaries in the district, a total
i length of about 12 1-2 miles, has 1302
acres of bottom land. They thus ave
rage about 120 acres to the mile, with
a width of about 1000 feet. The boi-
i Louis aiong tne lower end of Mud
jCreek . probabIy average as wide or
...
i
jwmer lna:i above, and
000 acres io
a conservative estimate of ihe toiai
are:: of the district to the Kiver.
About one half the land in the dls-
t:ict W2S at one time under partial
ci'tivation but it has been abanda
'i to a large exten in recent years,
: -! is now used either for pasture o:
Inv crops. Every rain oi rensequsnco
cases the creeks to overflow, damag
ing the land and crops not only by an
excess of water, but also in many
places, by depositing sand.
The soils of the bottom lands arc
of two kinds according to the soil
survey of this area, namely Toxaway
line sandy loam and Meadow. . The
Toxavay fine sandy loam is a brown,
line sandy loam to a depth of 8 to 12
inches with a subsoil of yellowish
brown fine sandy loam or fine mica
ceous sand.
The raeaaow is a brown to dark
browit f.fie sandy loam with consider
able quantities of micaceous material
with a sr.hsoil varying from a sand
or fine sr.nd to a heavy sticky loam,
usually dark brown in color. The
greater part of the meadow is in a
seiri-swampy condition, and is still
covered largely with the natural veg-
V. J V VVillO till O v 1 11 fe V4- 11 Vl W 1 111
and water loving bushes and grasses.
It is located above and below the
Edueyvillo road. Both soils are of
material brought down from the hill
'est land in the county.
The soil of the uplands is classed as
Porter's sandy loam, which is a yei-lowish-gray,
medium to coarse sandy
loam, varying in depth from six to
l!llt'(.'U lilCIlCS UilUCl liliu uauanj ujr a
reddish or yellowish brown, heavy,
sticky sandy loam grading into a red
or jtllow clay loam or clay.
Natural Drainage
The total drainage area of Mud
Creek and its tributaries, as determin
ed from the Soil Survey map of Hen
derson County, is approximately 112
square miles or 71,680 acres, all con
tained within the county-and compris
ing nearly one-third of its area. Its
greatest length (to be more correct,
width) in a Northeast and Southwest
direction is 20 miles, and its greatest
width is about 10 1-2 miles, with an
average of about six miles. Clear
Creek, the largest and next to the
lowermost tributary of Mud Creek,
drains about 42 square miles, and
Mud .Creek above the junction of Clear
Creek has a . watershed of about 54
square miles or 34,560 acres.
At the Edneyville road, on the out
skiits of the town of Hendersonville,
Mud Creek is joined by Devils Fork
and Bat Fork Creeks, with watersheds
of nine and fourteen square miles, re
spectively. Above the Edneyville
road Mud Creek has a water-shed of
25 square miles. Originally Devils
Fork joined Bat Fork above the Ed-i
neyville road, and Bat Fork parallel
ed Mud Creek for some distance en
tering it about 3-4 mile below the
road. In 1916 a dredge owned by the
county stationed in Mud Creek above
the Edneyville road, for the purpose
of obtaining sand for building , pur
poses," excavated a channel along the
upper side of the road connecting up
these three creeks.
Drainage conditions all along the
district are practically the same. For
some distance above and below the
Edneyville road, the bottom lands
along Mud and Bat Fork Creeks are
In a semi-swampy condition and have
never been under cultivation, and
much of the original growth consist
ing of Maple, Elm and other tree's Is
still standing. The remainder of the
I, " ii' -
(Coatlamod oa Pao 'SU)
HENDERSON VILLE, N. C.
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GRADED SCHOOL REPORT
- AXD HONOR ROLL
Another month of time wasted or of
time well spent has passed into his-J
tory so far as the pupils and work of
the city schools are concerned, for
last Friday brought the end of the
school month.
The attendance and work has at
last, after so many months of inter
ruptions, returned to normal and
every thing is running very smoothly
at present, and some excellent ist.Us
are being obtained. The attendance
for the past month has been almost
xactly what it was for the correspond
ing month last year. During Mar.h,
there were 455 pupils on tne roll,
which number made an average daily
attendance of 415. Tha roll a; pres
ent has 445 on it.
According to our promise of last
month, the Honor Roll Is api ring
again after an absence of four months.
It is as follows:
First B Grade: Elmer Gill, George
Spann, John Bowen, Lilliau iJrovtn,
IKathryn Byers, Lucile Flynn, Maira-
ret Belk, Dorothy Long, Sarah SMidi
fer, Margaret Valley, Mildred Wil
liams, Will Cagle.
First A.. Grade: Margaret Ashe-i
more,: Edna." Drake, Annie Carson,
Elizabeth Fowler, Charles Embler,
Raymond Freeman, Donald Guice,
James Holtzclaw, Leon . Jackson,
Jonathan Jackson, Carll .Morris.
Second Grade: Bola Justice, Ilas
seltine Lane, Tommie Shepnerd, Irene
Edwards, Barnes Bland, -Uo-iaton
Case, Claude Grant, John Grant, Hen
ry King, John Wilkins, J. B. Blyihe,
Gordon Long.
Third B Grade :Marion Morris,
Josephine Brooks, Jonnie May Stan
ley, Louise Smith, Isabelle Richard,
Mildred Moores, Malul Blythe, Kath
ryn Reese, Vernon McMurray, William
Bacon.
Third A Grade: Margie Davis, Ja-
nette Justice, Vera Orr, Ruth Rozzelie,
Jane Truex, Reginal Hill, Jack Shep-
herd, Hamilton Stepp, Stephen Stepp,
Willie Sherman, Feltz Hill.
Fourth B. Grade: Saint Claire
Guice, Clark Blackburn, Philip Clev
enger, Frank Israel, Earl Stanley,
Emmett Stepp, Elmer Stepp.
Fourth A Grade: Joe Byers, John
Brown, Hampton Johnson, Edward
Lamthter, William Brown, Rea Brooks
Miami Sm Flynn, Gsrnett Hoggset,
t$tat Johnson, Grama KUpa trick.
THURSDAY. APRIL 17,
Flora Reid, Clara Reid, Martha Bur-
&ess, Carter Freezs, -Margaret Hall-
man, Annie Williams. William Freeze.
Fifth Grade: Lallen Cumming, Eckles Grant' the latter Presenting, on eneral secretary of North Carolina
Mattie Richard, Cecil Shepherd, Ruth behalf of the Circle' a handsome bou Baracas and Philatheas, - has re4uesi
mitlock. uet of flowers t0 the high official wnoCea Miss Gertrude Shinman. wh tb.
c,. r, , T ,
Sixth Grade: Wadsworth Farnum,
James Grey.
, Seventh A Grade:-Edna Byers,
Helen Drafts Nell Morris Winnie'
Helen uratts, xseii Morris, Winnie
Hoggset, Mary Middleton, Dora Sosa-
oman Katherine Valentine Sarah
oman, ivatnenne vaienune, oaran
Valentine, Boyce Whitmire, Glenn
PattPron ' ,
i T& nr , w, ni '
Eight B Grade :-Wylma Clevenger,
Hazel Grant, Grace McCall.
Eighth A Grade: My rtice Brooks,
Eula Anderson.
Sinth Grade: Mary Orr, Ben Brown
Edward Patterson. v -
Tenth Grade .--Roberta Brooks, Des-
sie Dixon, Mary Elizabeth Walker.
Eleventh Grade:-Mary Brown, Hel-
Brooks Elizabeth Elsom e-tha
Broods, LiizaDeth jisom, . e.tna
cn
Jamison, Aiieua iianK, Jiiieanor i iaiiiv
chprTMnT1
.All . . T VI 1 TT-1 1 . TV1 1
vili
The very observant person wj
probably notice that there are one
hundred, twenty-seven names appear-
in nn thP. above Honor Roll There
Swere one hundred, fifty on the Honor
Roll for the corresponding month.
Bast year. '
upon us piuum " April iz, for 'the benefit of the two.
. - Methodists Gire "Sox SociaL" J State Convention. . The Sanreme French .orphans that the association
Chaplain reviewed the activities of tbe and the 8chool chlldren are' support-
The Wesley Class of the Methodist Modern Woodmen, the Woodir.cn of jng There was an interesting pro
Sunday School gave a "Sox Social" at the World and the Woomen Circle gram giyen hy the children pro.
the residence of Mr. and Mrs. C. F. ,throughout the country and paid amounted to 27.50.
t: , a;i 11 Viowinfir tribute to the fine service
Rlanri on Fridav Pvenltie. Auril H.'glowing tribute
from 8 to 10:30 o'clock. 125 invita-
tions were issued and 100 were ac-
cepted The "Sox" contained $19.00
which "was used for a payment on the
Sunday School piano.
' The evening's program consited oZ
music, readings and games. The
class numbers 30 and with their
teacher, Mrs. Bland, fruit punch andted.
niHP in thP form or "aox" were On Saturday, a trip to Uhiomey
00rTOri Mr nH Mr, Rianrl were as-!
sisted in chaperoning by Rev. and' and it is no exaggeration -to surest
. iiL.i Mftincr wqq psmprlailv enloy-
Mrs. M. F. Moores, Mr. and Mrs.
E DurJee and Migg w'ynne.'ed by the Circle's honored guest. The,day evening April 9, in the First Bap-
iThe rooms were beautifully decorated
in hemlock and cut flowers.
Friday, April 18, the Ladies Aid So-
ciety of the Methodist Church ' will
Ye on sale In the Morey building,
dressed chickens, home made bread,
cakes, doughnuts, candy, etc., also
children's dresses, plain- and fancy
.r. oJni. nillow cases, dres-
ser covers, etfc Watch the wiado w Woodmen Circle of the State. Mr, JEibllcal Recorder and recorded t tie
on Thmrsday. ereniaff. ' Andrews kas sexyed th SUte Circle ates. 4
!9I9
Sipreme Chaplain Woodmens Circle Here
Mrs. Annie H. Walts Visits Hendersoaville
Distingukhed Southern V
A mc varove ana is rionored m Kitting SyIe
Reception at Woodmen Hall and Enjoys Outing
to Chimney Rock-Report of ' Delem
nvention.
Pino Grove Xo. St
o, .Vooclmen Circle
and the city itself, were honored with
the presence of Mrs. Annie H. Watts,
Supreme Chaplain of the United Stat rriec"etl at tns Goldsboro meeting. Mrs.
Friday ovc-nig of tost ,-co:, M3 TT Crore No"
,.. b0 at tje State convention which ron-
V8ttS Wa rStUra;"s fram lh Stored he, wh me posmoa ot JLZe
convention of the Woodmen Circle of the Supreme convention.
North Carolina, recently held at Golds-! Mrs- Justus was authorized to in-
uppi, end yielded to the par;
of Mrs. A. F. Justus and Mrs. R. r.
;AnurewE, ho represented the local
Circle at the State meeting, to favor
Fme Grove with a bnef visit.
I Aiaes Justus and Andrews ar -
rived with their distinguished guest
, on Friday afternoon. They were met
at the station by a special committee
who escorted Mrs. Watts to the Ken-
iucky Home where reservations had
been provided. In the evening Airs.
Watts responded to the call of the
comnuaee ana appeared at the hzll o2 the Home, the management and the
the Circle where a pleasant surprise bright little children who are being
awaited her. On a few hours notice a fed, clothed and educated by the Odd
delightful reception had been arrant Fellows of North Carolina, and de
ed and a genuine Hendersonville wel- ciare the institution is a distinct cred
come was given in a manner most it . to that ' great fraternity and the
pleasing. The Hall had been tas:e- state.
fully decorated with the choicest se-. Mrs. Justus and Mrs Andrews
elections from the floral gardens of Mr. visited friends and relatives in RaI.
,G. T. Myers to whom a hearty vote eigh and Asheville on their return
of thanks was given by unanimous and on tne whole report ft delightuI
consent of those present. Mrs. Lav- trip.
rence Pace, Guardian of Pine Grove
No- 66 presided. Brief addresses of
Welcome were delivered by Messrs M.
L- Shipman, John T. Wilkins and
had honored them with her charming
. , ,
presence. Mrs. Andrews spoke m-
terestingly of the work of the Stale
nvpntf" ,nfnrmP(1 thp mPmhpr
informed the member-
hi th M Justus would report
the proceedings in detail at the nexi
Proceedmgs m detail at the nex.
regular meeting. Concluding her m-
terestinK address Mrs Andrews pre-
teresting address Mrs. Andrews p.e
sented the Supreme Chaplain ana
congratulated the audience on bein
favored with the presence of one who
was devoting her life to the cause of
Woodcraft.
Mrs. Watts spoke feelingly of the
fine spirit which had actuated the
Hendersonville Sovereigns and then-
friends in arranSic-r the Pleasansur-
Zl" T'Z
P dyyiw,w,Wl1, " 7 " -
fcack tQ ner ho,r0 oity ony lne mcst
. f thp nrpftiesti
pleasing impressions of the prettiest,
town, inhabited by the finest folks, it
Kaan Viot- TlnBiir tn hehold in'.n
uau ui. iii. i'"-
North Carolina. She had long
nlina. She had long desir-
ed to visit this section of the "Old I
North' State' 'and seized upo-i the first
-
V.k' Otna' 'onf - P01701 n;-.".l T n R 111 SL 1
i J cntiatv fl-l-l" .ononis. I
upp
Sne as Pleased to find .1;V ClC
lntPrt Pine fjove
uclc a v,0
each branch of the order is rendering
to humanity. Her address V,va r.n
inspiration to all present and she was
.the recipient of many expressions oi
appreciation. At the conclusion of the
hastily arranged program an Informal
reception was hold in the hall, dur -
,lng wnicn craui
Rock was arranged for Mrs. Watts y
mat uiia - -
party consisted of Mr. ana mrs.
Eckles Grant, Mrs. a. . jusxu-.
! Lawrence Pace, Mrs. t. f. xah-
drews and Mrs. Watts. The Supreme
Chaplain left on Sunday for her homo.
Tlie State Convention
Mrs. A. F. Justus and Mrs. R. P.
1 xn-iJaw frn
Andrews returnea uu
Goldsboro where thsy attended tne
fourth bi-ennial convention of. the
PRICE FIVE CENTS
oman Accepts Hospitality
y.s Grand Clerk for the nast twnnM
' nd so well have her duties been per-
?ormed that .she was unanimously re.
i..vue tIie, Stat0 convention of the
Woodmen Circle to hold its next meet
- iiiig in Henderson vi'iio V.M ft,-. .,iv
):0dy accepted an tavltatton o ZZ
jith the State council W. O. W at
, Wilson, ,and Hendersonville mus.
ai, The invitation was not pressed.
! The Hendersonville delegates speak
in the highest terms of the courtesies
extnded to them by the people of
Goldsboro. Following the festivities
at the conclusion of the meeting a
visit was made to the Odd Fellows
Home and other points of interest
They were especially impressed with
Easter Offering For Sick So.Idiexs
Mrs. N. Buckner of Asheville the
nnnv ...i..,, , t- .. ,
founty secretary, to solicit donations
u m.ov fl,, ,. . ,
Pr money, flowers and candies to be
oi,wo j . , ...
showered uPn the sick soldiers and
sick nurseg at Kenllworth and Azy,
hncnifals AT.n., 91 rp, . . ,
h0Spitals' Apnl 21- Thls
open tQ any organization or indivi(U.al
h wolll(1 ia tn pnnt ... ..
? 1f ! t0 contnbute'
whQ giye win haye the priyilege and
leasure of distributing the
etc in tne different wards at tbe nos.
pitals
Carg are yery much needed tQ CO;1
vey tne committees and the con'-ihu-
tkms tQ th& hospitals phone
Migg Gertrude Shipman that your Car
fa at her service or Sunday af?ern.oon
prfl 21 ftt twQ o,clQck The
from the Baptist
Church at the hour specified.
Mipg Elizabeth Walkei.f of New York
ig visjting her gister' MnJ G w
tirOfiKS
Box Snpper
. . . .
me parent-Teachers' Association at
Flat Rock gave a box supper at the
. ,
acnooi uuiiaing on oaiuraay evening,
Mrs. J. D. Witschln
Mrs . J . D . Witschln died March
19 of pneumonia, at her home in
Jacksonville, Fla. Surviving her are
four daUghters and one son who live
in the city. Mrs. Witschin and fam-
V7 nave Deen coming nere ior years
and have a wide circle of friends.
Tribute to Mr. S J. Justice
At the prayer service on Wednes
tist Church, resolutions were present
ed byyJrdge O. V. F. Blythe, chair
man of the committee, reciting the ex
cited charao.ter of the late S J. ius
tice and the high esteem in which he
was held. The speeches wide by Dr.
E- E. Bomar, Rev. A. I. Jus'ics and
,W. F. Penny were strctog and loudr.
The resolutions were adopted and ar-
dered printed in the local papers.