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PAGE TWO THE BEAUFORT NEWS, PEAUFORT, X. C. THURSDAY, AUGUST 20 io,fl WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS Allies Take Offensive in Pacific Area With Naval Attack on Solomon Islands; British Thwart Sabotage Plan in India; Nazis Reap Profits From Russian Drive (EDITOR'S NOTE : When opinion! are aipressed In these columns, they are those of W etttem Newspaper I nion's news analysts and not necessarily of this newspaper.) Released by Western Newspaper Union. OFFENSIVE: In Southwest Pacific Exactly eight months after the bombing of Pearl Harbor eight months of gloom-laden defensive warfare Allied air, sea and land forces carried the battle to the en emy in the Southwest Pacific thea ter of war. In a fierce battle for the Solomon Islands, the United States fleet and warships of the Pacific flotilla struck heavy, continuing blows at Japa nese bases in America's first great offensive of the war. Adm. Chester W. Nimitz, U. S. naval commander in the Pacific, stressed the force of enemy resist ance. The fight was at the northern boundary of the Coral sea, where a U. S. task force in May inflicted the first great naval defeat in history upon Japan. Although not discussed in official communiques, navy spokesmen made it clear that the assault on the Solomons was the first major attempt to regain Japanese-seized territory. Equally clear was the fact that all possible fire power was being brought to bear upon the en emy. This would include army and navy bombing planes, shelling from big guns of naval surface ships and possibly strong land action. Some thousands of miles north a Pacific fleet task force had bom barded Jap ships and installations at Kiska, one of three Aleutian is lands upon which an estimated 10,000 Japanese have entrenched themselves. LABOR: Another Crossroads As "peace" committees of both AFL and CIO begin preparations for their meeting to bring about labor peace both Philip Murray, CIO pres ident, and William Green, head of AFL, issued public statements indi cating that they favored the objec tive. There were definite signs, howev er, that the method of reaching the objective might encounter some di'; ficulty along the wa 5T ' of nis ' for in one statements on the subject President Green urged that CIO: "come back to the AFL, the House of Labor." Later in a speech to the impor tant CIO United Automobile, Air craft and Agricultural Implement Workers of America, meeting in their convention in Chicago, Philip Murray avoided all reference to this statement But he did say: "... I hope, I pray, that their (the AFL's) attitude will have changed, that ex perience has taughi the need for giv ing recognition to the aspirations and objectives of those organizations PHILIP MURRAY ". . . hoped and prayed." which make up the Congress of In dustrial Organizations." Biggest stumbling blocks In labor peace talks for the seven years that the two groups had gone their own way had been personalities and the refusal or inability of AFL to recog nize CIO's organization of unions by grouping all workers in an industry Into one union. As far as personalities were con cerned, Philip Murray had by passed John L. Lewis by appointing to the CIO peace committee mem bers not necessarily committed to the head of potent United Mine .Workers. Lewis and Green had con stantly differed on peace terms in the past and with the former out of the front trenches (but still very much in the fight) some observers were forecasting an outside chance for a united labor front united for U. S. victory. HIGHLIGHTS GENEVA: Guglielmo Ferrero, noted Italian historian and foe of the Fascists, died here at the age of 71. Seven years ago his books were seized by the Mussolini govern ment and he was forced to flee Italy. He had taught history at the Uni versity of Geneva ever since. Among his most noted books was "The Grandeur and Decadence of Rome." T I INDIA : Action As the crisis in the latest drive for India's independence ap proached, Britain acted with speed and surprise. By official decree, Mohandas K. Gandhi and almost 200 other All-India Congress party lead' ers were arrested as they prepared to launch their nation-wide non violent civil disobedience movement as a protest against Britain's re fusal to grant India immediate free dom. Some sources reported that the British acted because it was learned that an extensive sabotage cam yaigu against me war enort was about to get under way. Rank and file of Gandhi's party did not take their rebuke quietly. Dispatches from New Delhi report ed rioting in Bombay and Ahmeda bad. In addition government grain stores were looted in protest against the British action. It was the sixth time that Gandhi had handed himself over to govern ment officials in his life-long fight for Indian independence. As he gave himself up he called upon his fol lowers to remember the slogan: "Either we get freedom or die." Technically Gandhi was not being imprisoned but he was to be kept under "strict surveillance." Britain's attitude seemed to be summed up in the thought that while India's independence was important, the most vital problem of the United Nations at present was the winning of a war. GRAIN AM) OIL: To the Nazis Though the cost in men and ma chines has been terrific, the Nazis are already reaping the benefits of their 1942 drive for the oil and grain riches of the Caucasus. This was evidenced by an admis sion on the part of Red Star, offi cial Russian army newspaper, that already the Germans were nfci--'- har .. . tLv- area, iuuan is one of Russia' finest farm sectors but now has been practically cut off from Soviet con trol. However, the Nazis were not har vesting all the grain nor pumping all the oil that the Russians were forced to abandon. For as they re treated, the Cossack defenders were employing the "scorched earth policy to the best of their ability, Grain fields and granaries crammed with wheat were blazing as the Ger mans advanced to them. Oil wells in the Maikop field were blown up by Soviet troops. Yet experts were forced to admit that the Nazi prize that remained was worth the battle losses. For these are the things Germany needs to continue fighting oil and grain. GRIM ENDING: F or Saboteurs The greatest execution in the his tory of the nation's capital took place when six of eight Nazi sabO' teurs who came to this country by submarine to cripple the war effort were electrocuted in the District of Columbia jail's electric chair. It was an hour and a half after the first of the plotters was pro nounced dead that the White House made its official announcement. The six were Herbert Hans Haupt, Hein- ncn Harm Heinck, Edward John Kerling, Hermann Otto Neubauer, Richard Quirin and Werner Thiel. Two other saboteurs escaped death by aiding the prosecution. One of them, Ernest Peter Burger, was sen tenced to life in prison at hard la bor. The other, George John Dasch. was sentenced to 30 years at hard labor. Meanwhile, the nation's first im portant sedition trial since the out break of the war came to a close when a federal court jury in Indian apolis found William Dudley Pellev. founder of the Fascist Silver Shirts, gumy or criminal sedition. eueys co - defendants, Agnes Marion Henderson, his secretary, ana Lawrence Brown, were found guilty only of conspiracy. Pelley was found guilty on all 11 counts in the indictment. Even as the erstwhile dictator of the Silver Shirts braced himself for the penalties ahead, the American public demonstrated again its stern temper when Federal Judge Arthur J. Tuttle pronounced a death sen tence for treason upon Max Stephan, Detroit restaurant owner, for be traying his adopted country by be friending an escaped Nazi prisoner. in the week's news WASHINGTON: Manufacture of typewriters, except for a small quantity to be produced for the gov ernment by one factory, will end October 31, it was announced by the War Production board in an order released here. The order likewise limited the production of most type writer companies between July 1 and October 1 to 12'i per cent of the machines sold by them last year. STEEL: Probe 'Black Market' In answer to charges that a "black market" in steel existed, where "immediate delivery was made from bulging warehouses scat tered over the nation," two govern ment investigations were immedi ately begun. First probe was undertaken by Price Administrator Leon Henderson after charges made by Frank Hig gins, associated with his father in a New Orleans shipbuilding yard, that SENATOR HARRY S. TRUMAN . negligence or willful misconduct." his company had bought steel from such markets at higher premiums. ihe second investigation was un dertaken by Congressman Carl Pe terson, chairman of the house sub committee Investigating the mari time commission's cancellation last month of the Higgins' company's contract to build 200 liberty ships because of an alleged steel shortage. Meanwhile, Chairman Harry S. Truman of the senate committee in vestigating national defense charged the navy department's bureau of ships with "negligence or willful misconduct" in connection with the construction of tank-landing boats. Senator Truman's charges contained in a letter to Navy Secretary Frank Knox referred to the navy's insist ence on substituting its own models of tank-landing boats for ships of proved value built for this purpose by the Higgins company in NewQr leans. -4"" " HOUSEWIVES: Face Job 'Draft' Spokesmen for the manpower commission intimated that one out of every four American housewives between the ages of 18 and 44 may be needed in munitions jobs for this country to attain full war produc tion. It was indicated that a nationwide occupational registration of women might be undertaken as a means of cataloguing the country's total fem inine adult resources. Paul V. McNutt, manpower chief, has estimated that about 5,000,000 more women must be placed in war jobs by the end of 1943. CARGO PLANES: Get Green Light A "go-ahead green light" for the construction of vast cargo planes in months to come was given by both the army and navy. Speaking for the army, Lieut. Gen. Henry H. Arnold, commander of the army air forces, told a senate military affairs committee that 21 per cent of all multiple-engine bomber planes to be produced for the remainder of 1942 will be cargo or transport carriers. Including all planes of comparable flying range, he added, 30 per cent of the total output will be essentially for cargo purposes. General Arnold revealed that car go and transport carriers now being proaucea are used to move para troops and airborne infantry, to tow gliders and to carry supplies to com bat zones. Planes are moving about 2,500,000 tons of material a week, be said. Speaking for the navy, Rear Ad miral John H. Towers, chief of the Bureau of Aeronautics, di that the navy is speeding a huge pro gram for building cargo planes. SUBMARINES: Lull Near U. S. That American coastal waters are no longer a soft spot for German submarines was the view exoressed by British officials in a communi que from London. Consequently it was believed that Axis U-boats had been forced to seek other waters in which to prey on United Nations' commerce. Adoption of the convoy system In the Panama and Caribbean areas plus increased air defenses were cit ed as coinciding with a decreased scale of submarine attacks. American military authorities commenting on the recent drop in submarine sinkings, warned, how- ever, that the Nazis might now be preparing to bring the full brunt of their underseas attack against the heavily convoyed supply lines across the North Atlantic. Increasing Allied effectiveness against submarines was said to be due to the fact that the "bottleneck regarding engines for submarine chasers, defensive craft and dirigi bles has been broken and defensive craft are coming forward in greater numbers." I 1 " ' V" i ' rrt-i fji i rVin ifi i mm t i i in Washington, D. C. WOODEN SAILING SHIPS When Undersecretary of Com merce Wayne C. Taylor was flying to Rio for the Inter-America con ference, he remarked: "Our toughest problem is shipping. We have to find something that will give us the most cargo space, using the least critical material. That's the formula." Then he looked out of the plane window and saw a tiny sailing vessel below. "You may laugh," he said, "but we may even come to that." That was last January. What Tay lor had said on an impulse stuck in his mind. At Rio he talked it over with Brazilians who were worried about moving their coffee crop. He was sure he had the answer to the submarine campaign ships requir ing no critical materials, ships that would coast along in shallow waters and keep alive the trade among the Americas. But he struck a snag in Washing ton. The Maritime commission was not interested. Skeptics said it was a reversion to the "horse-and-bueey days" of the sea. Three times Tay lor worked up his project in revised forms, but each time it failed to click. Then he tried another tack. He published an account of the project in a trade weekly of the department of commerce. Immediately it struck fire. Boat builders all over the coun try wanted to take part in the enter prise. Official interest was kindled. Result was that RFC allocated $10,000,000, with which the Rocke feller Office is setting up a corpora tion to build and acquire wooden sailing vessels for inter-American trade. Two designs have been completed, one for a shallow draft vessel and one for a heavy sea vessel. Yards have been selected in Latin Amer ica, and contracts are being let. There will be an endless belt of 300-ton sailing ships, making long and short voyages, using auxiliary engines when necessary, but saving fuel by using, most of the time, the trade winds that made the C?r'l uein famous in the days of Clipper 'hips. VICE PRESIDENT'S RECREATION On a hot August morning, when esidents of the Wardman Park hotel had fans turned on full blast, they looked with surprise to see four figures come out on the tennis court. They looked a second time. It was the vice president and a party of friends out for a set of doubles. Henry Wallace took off a pair of slacks, threw them into a corner, and trotted out onto the court in white shorts and a white sports shirt. It was eight o'clock as the game began. Wearing no hat or eyeshade, and wielding the racket in his left hand, Wallace entered into the game with the gusto of a high school boy. It was not tennis of professional qual ity, but it was high class amateur play. Frequently the ball was re turned eight or ten times in a single exchange. Once when Wallace was at the net, he made five returns in succession, finally won the point At 9:05 the set ended. Wallace retreated to the corner of the court, pulled on his slacks, headed back to his apartment for a shower. Other apartment dwellers, still sit ting in front of the fans, sighed and shook their heads in wonderment MERRY-GO-ROUND C Red Cross Boss Norman Davis remarked on the "excellent service" when he lunched at the local Red Cross canteen for service men the other day. But he didn't know that his waitress was Mrs. Jed Johnson, wife of the congressman from Okla homa. ft Popular, white-thatched Repre sentative Joseph J. ("Judge") Mansfield of Texas, who gets around in a wheel chair faster than most people walk, was telling colleagues about a political opponent in his dis trict "who's always trying to make people believe I am 89." Remarked GOP Representative Charles A. Eaton of New Jersey: "Shucks, Judge, you'd just be getting started at 89." ft Greatest pals of Rumania's exiled King Carol and the titian-haired Madame Lupescu in Mexico City are U. S. Ambassador George Mes sersmith and wife. The Messer- smiths got to know the couple when they came to Cuba while Messer smith was ambassador there. In Mexico City they played bridge to gether frequently. ft Ex-Ambassador Josephus Dan iels, now editor of the Raleigh News and Observer, is writing more pun gent editorials at 80 than most edl' tors at 40. NO BOASTER The 43rd division's signal com pany from Rhode Island has a young buck private who has a great future before him of some kind. The other morning, while on K.P. duty, he offered to bet the mess ser geant $5 that he could eat two good sized watermelons in ten minutes flat. The sergeant was suspicious. "What makes you think you can?" he parried. "Because," was the reply, "I just polished off two when you weren't looking." i Released by Western Newspaper Union. White House Wedding IT THEN Harry Hopkins, adviser ' to President Roosevelt and Mrs. Louise Macy, New York fash ion writer, were married in the White House recently, it marked the 15th timd that the halls of the Ex ecutive Mansion had resounded to the strains of the wedding march. The first was back in 1811 during President Madison's administration and the last was 103 years later while Woodrow Wilson was Presi dent. Here is the chronological rec ord: 1811 Thomas Todd, associate jus tice of the Supreme court, and Lucy Payne Washington, the widow of George Washington's nephew and the sister of Dolly Madison, the President's wife. 1812 Congressman John J. Jack son, a greatuncle of Gen. T. J. ("Stonewall") Jackson, and Anna Todd, a cousin of Dolly Madison. 1820 Samuel L. Gouverneur and Marie Hester Monroe, daughter of President James Monroe. 1828 John Adams, son of Presi dent John Quincy Adams, and Marie Helen Jackson, niece of Mrs. John Quincy Adams. 1829 Alphonse Joseph Pageot, a member of the French legation, and Miss Delia Lewis, daughter of a member of President Jackson's "kitchen cabinet." 1831 Lewis Donaldson, grandson of Thomas Jefferson, and Emily Martin, niece of President Andrew Jackson. 1835 Lucien B. Polk, related to James K. Polk, and Mary Easton, niece of President Andrew Jackson. 1842 William Waller and Eliza beth Tyler, daughter of President John Tyler. 1874 Algernon C. F. Sartoris, an officer of the British legation, and Nellie Grant, daughter of President U. S. Grant. 1878 Russell Hastings, United States army officer, and Emily Piatt, niece of President Ruther ford B. Hayes. 1886 President Grover Cleveland and Miss Frances Folsom. 1906 Congressman Nicholas Long worth and Alice Roosevelt, daughter of President Theodore Roosevelt. 1913 Francis B. Sayre and Jessie Woodrow Wilson, daughter of Presi dent Woodrow Wilson. 1914 William Gibbs McAdoo, sec retary of the treasury, and Eleanor Wilson, daughter of President Wil son. Of all the weddings that have taken place in the White House, the ceremony on June 2, 1886, was out standing. For on that date Grover Cleveland, one of our two Presi dents who en tered the White House as a bach elor but the only Chief Executive to be married there, was wed ded to Frances Grover Cleveland Fol!om' 1 h e daughter of his former law partner. The beauty of the bride and the advance newspa per accounts of the President's wed ding gift to her (it was a superb uiuuiuiiu UCLA- lace) and of the lavish display of flowers which were to decorate the Blue Room, where the cer- emony was to be held all com bined to create great public in- terest in the event , According to a FrancM Folsom contempora ry newspaper description, "the fire places were filled with red begonias to represent burning fires, with cen taureas scattered at their base to imitate ashes, while blossoms were laid below in the form of tiles. One mantelpiece was banked with dark pansies, bearing the date in light pansies; the other with red roses." Although only a few relatives of the bride and high public officials were invited to the ceremony, a vast crowd gathered around the door of the White House to hear the music of the United States marine band when the ceremony began. It was still there when the newlyweds tried to slip out the back door of the White House and it showered them with rice and old slippers. Grover Cleveland may have been President of the United States but on that day he was a bridegroom and Amer lean democracy insisted upon exer cising its traditional right of treat ing him as one! mm Ml Pi President Cleveland's Wedding. 'XL i i4 . I mm B 3 ' fe' V 1 I AAF Learns Art of Camouflage AT FORT BELVOIR, VA., where the engineer boird training officers from art of making things Irrmu'Inrl rro ic rrammprl intn Three busloads of officers, ranging from second lieuten ants to lieutenant colonels under the direction of two fi lieutenants, set out each morning to a special sector thr miles from the post. In a field of about five acres are Curt; 6 P-40 pursuits staked down amid a group of pines. No plane, one concludes, could land in such rough terrain Ho ever, these planes are carefully constructed dummies' mad' of plywood. ' e These "mock-ups" serve to misdirect the enemy whii the real planes, hidden a short distance away, are camou6 flaged and safe. One of the lieutenants says: "Captain Blank will take ten m.n strong shoulders, pick a likely spot and get going. You'll find am t lUDDlieS Over there tools, hrushhnnk ninlrnvo. TJ.,11 . r - . jruur plane tn your spot, find drapes, and try to conceal it." w Officers, lieutenants and lieutenant colonels alike grab the 300-bou dlimmv nlano anA Haul it in k. j I........,, -. t.ui.j uaut stumns nrp rnjprt nnrt thn crrnnnd 1- D. . - i - t i mi . epace is iieareu. ine plane is puiiea into position, and the iwarm over the ship like the Lilliputians over Gulliver. When the job is done the students return to their instructor to report He criticizes the job from every angle. They do the job over and over again until it is done right. The following series of pictures show you the camoufleurs at work. tV TOT0RY, Miltrmm-'sQ .ms Kit Student officers from all parts of the country plot positions for camouflage and emergency fields on a relief map. Studying turtles, one of nature's :mm,i Mil tf4teaaLiafatl!; Officers cover the plane with trees smui.,. ji in L iiii.m ,u,u wUM.Mpsjan. gtf mn.y j.iiihi.i lump jy iiiiui mini iiiii 1 1' - ' " ! ' " .... ; 11 pmt JiWiML- n A green netting is placed over the plane. These dummy planes look like the all over the country in th ,J1,IS look like what they ain't a tunn'orLr , k KKI UlC apjJUUUCU SpOl. Chips flv smnnfhArl ,,f T i . nu wine at all ,, . , ... " the officers best examples of camouflage. after hauling it to a wooded area. real thing from ground or air.
The Beaufort News (Beaufort, N.C.)
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Aug. 20, 1942, edition 1
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