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THE BEAUFORT NEWS. BEAUFORT, N. C. THURSDAY. OCTOBER 1, 1942 PAGE TWO WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS U. S. Bombers Blast Jap Battle Force; Approve Wage, Price Stabilization Bills; Rubber Czar Promises Speedy Action In Supplying Nation's Essential Needs (EDITOR'S NOTE: When opinion, are tiprmtl In these columns, they are those of Westrrn Newspaper I'nion'ft news analysts and not necessarily of this newspaper.) Released by Western aaiai i hi 1 SAMARIA 0 so loo Miies COftALSEA Map shows importance of Port Moresby, New Guinea, in the Japanese South Tacific strategy. Tort Moresby is only 3T5 miles from Cape York, nearest point on the Australian mainland. The Japs crossed the Owen Stanley mountain range, thus overcoming one of their major obstacles. Australians fighting the Japs in the jungles near Port Moresby were re ported to be using the enemy's own tactics of covert flanking movements and infiltration. RED FROM: In More Than Same The need for a second front in western Eurojie to relieve the pres sure on battered Pod armies was emphasized by Soviet military ex perts in London, who needed only to point to the batlie fronts for evi dence. Russian troops, obeying Stalin's order to die rather than retreat, made the Nazis pay with blood and lives for every foot of conquest at Stalingrad. The arrival of crack Si berian troops at Stalingrad slowed down Marshal Von Bock's German legions, but the picture, in general, remained as gloomy as before. Official communiques told of suc cessful Red defensive operations in the Mozdok area of the mid-Caucasus and southeast of Novorossisk. Marines were credited with the suc cess near the latter front where the Nazis were attempting to drive southward along the coast. Stiff fighting continued in the Vor onezh area of the upper Don river. The Reds reported more than 3,000 enemy troops killed in three days of fighting in this sector. It was here where the Red army tried to relieve pressure on Stalingrad by constant ly attacking the Nazi flank. Russian troops in the Volga city had been re-enforced by workers re cruited from factories. Most sav age fighting took place in the north west suburbs, where Russian and German troops fought from behind barricades and buildings separated only by a few yards. INFLATION: First Major Victory A preliminary victory in the fight against inflation resulted when the senate and house banking and cur rency committees approved legisla tion directing President Roosevelt to stabilize wages and prices and granting him power to carry out the orders. The senate bill authorizes and di rects the President to stabilize prices, salaries and wages on the basis of levels which existed on Sep tember 15, while the house bill in cludes the same provision except that August 15 would be the base date. Both bills provide that in general no ceilings may be set on wages or salaries below the highest levels that prevailed between January 1 and September 15. Both prohibit ceilings on farm prices less than 100 per cent of parity or in general below the highest price paid be tween January 1 and September 15. Both bills contain exceptions. The house measure adopted the "little steel" formula insofar as per mitting wage increases up to 15 per cent more than the January 1, 1941, level, but gets the President power to grant increases above that figure. The two measures placed a floor of 90 per cent of parity under basic commodities (wheat, corn, cotton, tobacco and rice) and under cer tain nonbasic commodities which the secretary of agriculture is at tempting to increase for war pur poses. Existing law requires 85 per cent of parity loans. HIGHLIGHTS CLIMATE: The wide differences In climate throughout the 30 central states and the East where fuel oil will be rationed will be considered In determining rations householders will receive, the OPA has an nounced. BAIT: A fisherman in Lancashire, England, was fined about $8 and ordered to pay $16 in costs for using breed for bait Newspaper Union.. PROMISE: Of Essential Rubber Sufficient rubber for military and essential civilian needs has been promised without reservation by William M. Jcflers. the nation's new rubber administrator. An ever-increasing amount of syn thetic rubber will be made accord ing to established processes, he said, and research will continue. Mr. Jeflers spoke bluntly in his first interview with the press. "What we need is action, and we need it quickly. We are going to get just that." It is his belief, JefTers said, that the people "are more confused about what to do than not willing to do what is right." "You can't take America off wheels," he said. "You can lose the war doing that, because of the dis ruption it would cause in our econ omy. You have to have civilian trucks running to move goods and farm products, for instance, and you have to have buses and a cer tain number of passenger cars to take people to and from work. But you can reduce the use of rubber to the irreducible minimum! MAN POW ER CONTROL: Advocated by Hill A bill granting President Roose velt broad authority to co-ordinate man power and industry during war time was drawn up by Senator Lis ter Hill of Alabama, the Democratic whip. The measure authorized the Presi dent to issue an executive order giving the government power to designate specific occupations for individuals not in the armed serv ices. Hill suggested that man power control be exercised through local draft boards which could then call in workers employed in nonessential industries and order them to take war plant jobs. The resolution would lay down a governmental policy "that there shall be universal service of all citi zens" and "total mobilization" of industry. JAP NAVAL THRUST: Routed in Solomons Even while land activity in the Sol omons slowed to minor skirmishes, army Flying Fortresses drove a Jap force of battleships and cruisers away from the American-held sec tion of the islands with a bombing attack which was reported to have damaged two of the battleships. The bombers discovered the Jap battle force northeast of Tulagi. The navy communique indicated the pos sibility that the fleet may be as sembling for a renewed effort to take the strategic Guadalcanal-Tu-lagi area from American forces. From General MacArthur's head quarters came word of continuing air attacks against the vital Japa nese base at Lae, on the northeast coast of Lae. A report said that Allied fighters and bombers blasted Japanese supply lines extending In land from Buna to Kokoda, on the route of the Jap drive toward Port Moresby. Buna is 175 miles south east of Lae, on the coast in the week's newt HARVEST: Because British ag riculture achieved its goal of 5 per cent greater crop yield from each cultivated acre, the nation saved one million tons of shipping space. BRAZIL: The chief of police of Rio de Janeiro ordered all Axis na tionals to register t the police alien bureau. Japanese were included in the order, .although Brazil is not at war with Japan., KAISER: Gets Contract Henry J. Kaiser, West coast ship builder who went to Washington with a dream of huge flying boats, will be given a chance to show the world that his dream can be trans lated into reality. Kaiser, together with Howard Hughes, noted plane designer, have been authorized to build three ex perimental supercargo planes for total of $18,000,000 by the War Pro duction board. The two men will make no profit from the initial order, but Kaiser was directed to draw plans for factory in which the planes could be manufactured in quantity should the army and navy find the trial or der successful. Though Kaiser was directed to complete the planes within 25 months the first in 15 months a representative predicted the job would be completed In 18 months. DRAFT CALLS: Explained by Hershey The draft status of several mil lion American men was clarified to a considerable extent when Maj. Gen. Lewis B. Hershey, national draft director, indicated that more than 10,000,000 men will be under arms by the end of 1943. In an interview to explain various orders and announcements issued in recent weeks, Hershey and his aids supplied the following guides: The supply of single men, includ ing those with dependents, will be exhausted this fall and calls for married men without children will begin in December or January. The supply of married men with out children will be exhausted about a year from now and, unless con gress authorizes the drafting of 18 and 19 year olds, the calling of men with children will begin around Octo ber 1, 1943. BRITISH SEA LOSSES: Replaced A. V. Alexander, first lord of the British admiralty, in a speech at Sheffield, has revealed that Britain had replaced all four battleships, four aircraft carriers and 22 cruisers lost in the last 27 months of war. London correspondents estimated that 200 destroyers, including the 50 overage United States vessels, had been added since the war began. With Alexander's speech as a basis, Britain is now estimated to have at least 15 battleships, five aircraft carriers and 78 cruisers. Many more are under construction. In the past 27 months, Britain has lost the battleships Barham, Prince of Wales, Repulse and Hood, and the carriers Glorious, Ark Royal, Hermes and Eagle. The battleship Royal Oak was sunk in October, 1939, and the Carrier Courageous was lost in September, 1939. U. S. PARACHUTISTS: Trainina in Britain Although American parachute troops have been in England for some time, their presence was kept secret until it was announced of ficially from the headquarters of Liaut. Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower, commander in chief of the AEF in the European theater. The troops bolster American strik ing power in Britain. The official announcement did not state whether the U. S. parachute units will be kept to form a spearhead for an eventual invasion of Europe or will be employed, as have British para chutists, on Commando raids. Officers in the parachute corps get a monthly bonus of $100. Enlisted men get $50 a month extra. Accord ing to a medical officer with the unit, there is less than 1 per cent of accidents on parachute jumps, in including simple sprains. BUNA S PLANT: The 17. S. Rubber company'! first synthetic rubber plant In New Eng land somewhere in Connecticut Is now In operation. This picture shows the butadiene storage tank completely enveloped In water spray. Cooling prevents undesired poly merization and protects against ex ternal fire. NATION WARNED: A warning that America's losses in the war . may run as high as three million men was voiced by Lieut. Gen. Ben Lear, commander of the Second army, who spoke be fore the 24th annual convention of the American Legion In Kansas City, General Lear's grim appraisal was blunt: "Can we, resolutely and without wavering, face a war in which our losses may be a million, or two million, or conceivably three million men? Can we take it without talk of a stalemate . , .?" Wheat Price Minor Factor In Present Cost of Bread Improved Merchandising, Manufacturing Methods Boost Baker's Bills; Raw Material Cost Relatively Slight. By BAUKHAGE A'fui Anahtt and Commentator. YVNU Service, 1313 II Street, N-W, Washington, I). C. The recent debate in congress over the stabilization of prices and wages goes as deep into the home and the farm and the factory as any national issue ever has. I received typical letter on the subject a query about the relative cost of wheat and bread, what the farmer gets and what the baker charges. In trying to answer it, I found a mountain of statistics and a wide variance of opinion; but it was a childhood memory which gave me the most convincing part of the answer. First, the letter from my listen er in Bismarck, N D.: ' Before you put too much blame on farm products for the rise in the cost of living, please explain soon in one of your radio talks, why during World War I, when wheat was sell ing for $2.25 to $2.50 per bushel, that bread was selling for ten cents a loaf while now, posted local prices at this point, are 92 cents tfor wheat) and bread retails at 13 to 15 cents a loaf . . ." Now the memory: It was a clear summer morning. School was just out and there was a treat in store for me. I got up long before the family was awake, slipped into the summer kitchen and poured myself a clays of milk and put a couple of cookies in my pocket. As I went quietly out the front door, I tiptoed across the stoop where the empty pan with a red milk-ticket lay beside it. I walked down Locust street to Arthur Barnes' house just in time to climb into the bread wagon beside him and his father. We crunched down the driveway and through the empty streets to the New York Cen tral station. Before we got into the freight yards the train from Buffalo was rolling in. By the time Mr. Barnes had backed the wagon up to the freight station platform the bread crates were waiting. Fast Delivery We stood beside the crate. Mr. Barnes was in the delivery wagon. I wasn't nearly as adept as Arthur, of course, for he had much more practice in extricating and tossing the loaves and he often had to wait a second or two, while he toyed with the unwrapped loaf before I had managed to toss mine to Mr. Barnes who deftly caught it and put it in place in the layers that rose from the wagon's floor. This lack of dex terity on my part made me a little nervous and one loaf went wild. Mr. Barnes reached out nobly but it hit the side of the wagon and caromed over into the cinders. Mr. Barnes was a man of deeds, not words. He leapt out of the wagon and recovered the treasure. I looked sheepishly at Art There was half my pay gone, surely. But no! Mr. Barnes was frowning, he looked around, whipped out his knife and with a few expert incisions re moved the cinders, gave the crust an affectionate stroke with his bare wrist and leapt back into the wagon with it. The loading continued in silence for a moment. Then Art leaned over and said in a reproving whisper, "Don't say nothin' about that." It was that concern over a pos sible aroused public opinion over a lapse in our sanitary discipline which foreshadowed one of the de velopments that has increased the cost of bread. The incident I have described took place about 1898 and it reveals some of the primitive methods of the bak ing Industry which sanitary laws, popular taste, cost of labor make impossible today. Take the most obvious: packag ing. Can you imagine bread being shipped in crates and massaged by human hands today? Yet even as late as the time of which my cor respondent writes, 1914 wrapping bread was unknown in many com munities. This one sanitary measure is only one of many which have made the cost of bread higher the conditions with the bakery have changed even more radically. Of course, labor is the most important factor. In 1914 men worked much longer hours for much less money. BRIEFS America's bombing planes are the lethal successors of the weaponless planes which were used exclusively for observation purposes in World War I, says the Aviation News committee. The Rockefeller foundation is pro viding yellow fever vaccine free to the government for the use-of the armed forces. Cost of Ingredients And when we come to the content of the bread, of which wheat, the commodity which most concerns my listener, is the most important, we find it almost negligible in figuring the cost of the finished product. Ex perts studying the question, state that there are few food commodities In which the chief raw material pro vides so small a fraction of the final cost as in bread. According to current statistics it would take an increase of 60 cents a bushel in wheat to cause an increase of one cent in a loaf of bread. Compare this with potatoes for instance. When a housewife buys potatoes, she pays only for the spuds themselves plus the cost of handling. Now all of these factors are men tioned merely to justify an increase in the price of bread since 1914. Officials concerned with food costs were careful to warn me that they do not all justify the amount of the increase. There is not complete agreement on that subject by any means. Some members in the de partment of agriculture say that bread could be sold much cheaper and still yield a profit to the baker. Probably one of the most impor tant factors in the price of bread is the fact that the public just prefers to pay more for it than to bake it themselves. As one official said to me: "In the last war when I lived on a Kansas farm the women in the small towns in the vicinity as well as the farm ers' wives baked their own bread. Today you'll see the bakery wagon making deliveries right out in the country. Perhaps if the women who still bake their own bread charged for their own time, they would find it cheaper to go to the bakery. Meanwhile, it is another case of charging what the traffic will bear and in this case most of the traffic is willing to bear it." There is one comforting thought for the farmer. When Price Admin, istrator Henderson puts into efTect the measures to stabilize all prices, he will still have to let wheat go up quite a ways before it hits its own ceiling parity. But bread, .for all its yeast, won't be allowed to rise much more. Aviation Accidents Show Marked Decrease The number of crashes of mili tary planes in this country reported recently in the newspapers has served to disturb some people. Of ficials in Washington have received many letters on the subject. One which I received recently from an obviously intelligent wom an, may be typical. In it, she meticulously listed the number of accidents, reports of which had been published, all of which involved fatalities to military personnel. There were 77 deaths within a com paratively short period. The writer was shocked and asked if the cause might not be an organized campaign of sabotage. Because I felt that there should be some official comment on the subject, I talked at length with an officer in the air force. The rate of accidents In flying in this country today, he told me, is 68 per cent lower than it was in 1930. I think the adjective "remark able" is justified when you think of the number of planes that are in the air now as compared with the num ber 12 years ago. We are not al lowed to reveal the number of planes now flying but General Marshall recently stated that the goal of the air force was two million men and one hundred eighty-five thousand planes by the end of this year. We know that weare well on our way toward that goal. With these facts in mind the number of accidents seems incredibly low. One reason for the reduction in the num ber of accidents is the Air Force Safety program. This program is in charge of a colonel who has the authority to give orders to a three star general if he violates any of the safety regulations. The air force goes on the principle that it is just as important to prevent the loss of planes and men from accidents as it is to prevent their loss at the hands of the enemy. by Baukliage A Berlin correspondent of a Swedish newspaper has stated that the total number of foreign workers In Germany is now 4,000,000 includ ing 1,500,000 prisoners of war. Economists estimate that we will have about 3 per cent more cows in the dairy herds of the country this year than we had last and about 3 per cent more cows next year. Released by Western Newspaper Union. Versailles of the Plains' THIS month marks the 75th anniversary of the "Ver sailles of the Plains" the fa mous Medicine Lodge peace council of 1867. Not only did It bring together galaxy of fron tier notables, both red man and white, but It was attended by a greater number of Journalists than had ever before assembled for such an event. Some were destined for future famt and among these were: JOHN D. HOYVLAN'D (From a photograph taken In 1867. Original in the collections of the State Historical Society of Colorado.) No newspaper camera men were present at the Medicine Lodge coun cil to snap pictures of the treaty makers. But John D. Howland, "artist-correspondent" for Harper's Weekly, was there and posterity is Indebted to his skilled pencil for its only pictorial record of that his toric event. Howland was a descendant of John Howland who came to America on the Mayflower. His grandparents, natives of New Bedford, Mass., emi grated to Ohio soon after the Revolu tion and helped found toe settlement of Zanesville where he was born May 7, 1843. One of his uncles, Len Owen, was a trapper in the West and a contemporary of Kit Carson and Jim Bridger. His tales of adven ture on the frontier so stirred the imagination of young Howland that at the age of 14 he ran away from home and entered the employ of the American Fur company. He accompanied a band of trap pers up the Missouri to Fort Pierre, then crossed the plains to old Fort Laramie on the North Platte. The next year he joined the rush of gold seekers to the new diggings in the Pikes Peak region of Colorado but, failing to make his fortune there, he returned to the fur company. Be cause young Howland was one of the few white traders who dealt fairly with the Indians, he became a great favorite of the Sioux. Under the tutelage of their warriors he be came a skilled hunter with the bow and arrow and the women kept him supplied with handsomely beaded and fur-trimmed buckskin clothing. At the outbreak of the Civil war, Howland enlisted in the First Regi ment of Colorado Volunteers. He had a part in the campaign in New Mexico whih saved the Southwest for the Union and he also served as a captain of scouts in the cam paign against the hostile Indians in 1864. Mustered out of the army that year, the youthful frontiersman decided to satisfy his longing to be come an artist. In 1865 he went to Paris where he studied under several of the French masters until 1867 when he was noti fied of his appointment as interpret er for the commission appointed to make a treaty with the Sioux. Dur ing his stay in France he had acted as "artist-correspondent" for Har per's Weekly, so when he returned to America, Harper's immediately commissioned him to cover the ne gotiations with the Sioux in August and with the Southern Plains tribes the following October. Thus it was that he went to the Medicine Lodge council and there drew the pictures, one of which, first published as a full-page illus tration in Harper's for November 16, 1867, has become the classic rep resentation of this high spot in the annals of the frontier and has often been reproduced in histories of the West t -ts f iV A I . . ' imtmm im l m.imMmimtetW3im, 'S3 Central portion of Howland's fa mous drawing of the Medicine Lodge peace council. CLASSIFIED DEPARTMENT RAZOR BLADES ILI1I DLKULil 'u'."""'"?u,Bt Blade Vale Business Opportunities Make money llvrrlnr mirrors. (2.00O. $10,000 yearly possible. Profitable bustness home spare time. Instructions 25c. P. m' FOSTER, n Mlltate At., Norfolk, Va.' OPPORTUNITY (Handicapped) one-leg men A went, pr. pare lor opportunities. Perhaps you know ! some on crippled. Kindly send Info. Para- ft fan Institute, S East St., Jersey City, N. J Dressed for Christening The bottles of chamnnimo that are used in christening American ships require more than two hours to be "dressed" for the occasion reports Collier's. They have to be fitted with a l-16th-inch flexible copper mesh jacket, to keep the glass from flying, and adorned with two tricolored ribbons, earh 62 feet lone. After launching, the bottle and ribbons are usually stored aboard the vessel to insure lasting good luck. AMERICA'S No.l QUIP MASTER is back on th air SUNDAY NIGHTS beginning OCTOBER 4 with Portland Hoffa Al Goodman's Orcfu and famous gutit stars W I WABC-WCAO-WCAU-WJSV 930P.M.E.W.T. and othtr C.B.J, stations rVafwfad by TtypfO Datrfrt Laugh Early We must laugh before we are happy for fear of dying without laughing at all. La Bruyere. MORE DATES ") for girls who hasten healing of externally caused pimple by relieving irritation with Ups and Downs Unbroken happiness is a bore: it should have ups and downs. J. B. Moliere. 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The Beaufort News (Beaufort, N.C.)
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Oct. 1, 1942, edition 1
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