Newspapers / Hornets’ Nest and True … / Jan. 5, 1850, edition 1 / Page 1
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iiiL:..?'-- ;7;;i!77:v!77 ! ;4 1 l - .- " - --I'---;-"-' :rfV'.P:;-:,V - -W-4v V,' ( r A Y. ,V If L K IN AIVA(rK. :' ; :. y 1 I : 1 ' , .. : . : - - T! tr T : : : ; -. . . . ; .. ' -. - ' ; r - ! ; ' r . . .' t.. : j r it - on I J T1CI fen -it; naintai a oir cnensnca relations ol amitv 01 r cherisiicd ."V'lt. 1hem. Jurincr the nast vear. hvo have .Jurini; utn Llcssed, yy a; kind Providence, with an . , itundance of tl 3 fruits of the earth ; and, although , .ae oestroying c Jgel, far a time,, visited extensive ' j potions of 6ur ' territory with ilw i ravages o f a .. dreadful pestilen yest, the Almighty has at length j deigned lt6 stay1 lis hand, and to restore Uie ines- purso with fo re nation i, we liave not been in f(i)silIo to the extractions and warswhicli have prevailed- iit oth r gurtcrs of the world. it is a proper theme of hanksivins to Ilim who rules I) c ov shok s of f aliens, that we Iiave been ible tq. liaiutr.hi, atnids' fiU these contests, an indepetid-P nt and in'.-utral rxjsiucci towards beUiscxcntT iKrwers. r . 4 Our relations vitli Great Britain arc of the most rr-uJIy chnrkct-r. I In consequence of the recent ItcraMcm of the! British inavigation acts, British fessejs, from BrLisi and other foreign poj-ts, will, guilder our existi tg faws,) after the first - day - of January next, lx admitted to entry in our ports wi;h cargoes of he'growth, manufacture, or pro ,' -duct ion of any pirt of thj world, on tlie same terms, is: to duties, lmtaste- and cliarccs, as vessels of the Tnited States with their cargoes ; and our ves - wiuic aamuea to tne same advantafres in Tiritish ports, cat ring therein on (he same terms is Jriti!iii vesseK fshosld no order in council liidurb this Icgis ifive jaaraiigement, the late act of the British Tar laaeirt, $y iuch'Great Britain is brought within fhp terms proposed by tSie act of Conrfs orile.lit pf ilardi, 1817,-..it.is Iwpod w ill be prodpetiv of benefit to boh countries. .1 Alight intprriptjoa'of'diplomaSc interpoarse, . vliieh oiurred etveen this Government and 'Frnnco, I am bar V.to sav. has been terminated. k imauio Lkjssuig 6 geoeral licaHh to a people wiio Jiayc acknpwlo ged iiis power; deprecated his jwratli, :nd impl retl:his merciful protection; k Willi; f njovii Z flic; benefits of xmiicaLle inter- n tid tir .Minister liere has been received. . It is ; i tlicrelore junnece? -an jo refer, now, to the circum , . -stances wliich led to that interruption. I need not i 't -express to. you th saicere satisla'ction with which - Uve iail welcome arrivaTof anetker Knvoy Ex 'i " : traordinary and fiqistcr lleiirpotcntiary from a . " , sister republic, to which we have sokxig been, .and . y.jstill reniatu, "bbiu:! by tlib stroogest ties -of arewty. ; .. Shortly after I -entered poa tlie -discharge ' - of the ivxecntivc a&s t was .apprized t3tt a vac t " . . steamer, lielorrgin r t6 the German Empire, licmg fittejl out in .ho harbor of New Fork with ' the;aid -fsome o our naval ynkjers cetiderod tsa " 4 derthepcjrmissiof of the late Secretary of the Na- vy. Thi.4 pcrmis ioa was graatod. during a ar yv mist toe, Ixitwecn tiat crapire aod the Kitigdom of Denmark, w hich . ad been engaged in tlie Schles " . wig-llolsteia ar. ; Apprehensive that this act of : intervention, on o -rpasl, raght be viewed as a yi olation of ouctieu raj, obligation?, incurroi by the v; treaty with Denrn: rTc, ahd of tlie provisions of the " y ' act w; Congress of !hd 20thxf April, 1818 I direct- od that no fartJicr iid should .bo rendcrod by any : agent or officer of tlie Navy; and I instructed the 'Secretary of State upprlzA 'tfte 'Minister, of the -; German I!inpire ccrodited-to this,. Government, y of my. dcterminati a 3 execute" the law bf the Uni ted Stqtcvand to i lauitdin the faith of treaties, with " ? ' all nations, i The correspondence, which ensued 1 ' Ietwecn tl4 Depai mtnt: of Slate and. the Minister yy of the German En; ripe, is herewith laid before yOu' ; r The execution el t iel law and the observance of , , the treaty w ere dct ned by mc to be due to the hen . v ' ' or of the country, ivcll as to the sacred oblia- ' , -! tions of the ConstilitK-nJ I shall not fall to pur ' sue we sauc courc i, fiiouid a similar -case, arise , . "rSvirh any other nat xi 3lavig avowed the opin k . tion, on taking the ath of office, that, in disputes ? -; lctwtCii cotillictiirg focein governments, it is' our " t . interest, hot less tl uxj our duty,-to remain strictly . neutral, I shall not abandon itl You will perocive, from the correspon feace! submitted -to you, in con- ncxion w ith thi su ject,; that the course adopted i '- in Uu's case has bee properly regarded by the bel . ligcrcnt p9wers tat rested in tlie matter. ; , AUhpiHfh a;Mini4te0f the United States to the . ' y Germain Empire -w. $ appointed by my predeces sor in August, 184 t iud has, for a long time, v . been in attendanci , at Frankfort-on-the-Maine ; 'y'j7 and although a iMhisteri appointed to represent ( - I that I'lppii "as Tixxved and accredited here, yet . , .no "siren Gove rnmer.taW that of Uic German Em ' t pire has been defjni 2lj constituted. ' Mr. Doncl " r son, our rcpivsentat veat FrafnkVort; remained there " several mouths, in he qxpectation that a union of "7 tlie (Jernian States nder oi e constitution or form 14 of Government, rni'ht; at length, be organized. ""If i -believetl, by th 90 well acquainted with the existing relations bewcn Prussia and the States 1 - rnUNhcd withe er co-operation. In the I I fill 1 i . 1 1 i v 1 i u-w jfttc m a iiiiuii.il b '-.ecnt-4t the formati n of; such a' union, and the V ol niiization "ofa cAitfal' power in Germany, of ; w hich she should tci a part, it would become nocrssctry to withdr w our, Minister, at Berlin ; but AvMiileJ'nusaia P-ts 13 ah independent kingdom, iahd diplomatic NIaJp-W are maintained with her, there can be no hecfsiiy, ijor the, continuance,, of fv jh' inission to' Fra n k lor t. , 1 1 Jii i c, t iv. i iotx'i u . ciHed .Mr.l Uonelson, and directed the archircs o "Vi.o le'ratlon. at Frank fo rS to be transerred to the , : A"cjc3n:Icgatfon at beriin. y . - Ilavin' been apprized that a considerabfe num Is r ofad venturers were cntn?gc(l in fitting out a m;iiiirvr expedition, within tha i United States, "..rralnst a foreign -cbuntrv ; and believing, from thc'bck information that; I coald obtain, that it was (JoBtined to invade the island of Cuba, 1 aeem- od at due io the friendly relations existing between the United States ami Spain i. to the treaty between the two nations ; to the laws of the United States; and, above all, to the American honor, to exert tfie lawful authority of this Government in suppress ing the expedition and preventing the invasion. To this end i I ucd a proclamation, enjoining it upon the officers of the United States, civil and military, to use all lawful means within their dow cr. A copy of tliat proclamation is herewith sub- long as the act of Congress, of the 20th .of April, 1818, M-hich Oyes its existence to the Jaw of na tions and to , policy of. Vashington . himself, shaJi remain ourruttfa book.- I Jvuld it to -Ik: i uiouuiyi kQCJuxocuuvciaiuiiuiiy 10 ooey lis. in While this-expedition was in progress! I was in lorinco max a iorcigner, wno ciaimea our prqiec tion, had been clandestinely, and, as was supposed, r 1 . f r ; t 1 - ' forcibly, carried off in a vessel from New. Orleans to the island ot Cuba. - I immediately caused such steps to be taken as I thought necessary, in case the information 1 jhad received should! prove cor rcct, to ; vindicate the honor af the country, and the right of every person seeking an asylum, on our soil to the protection of our laws. The person alleged tf- have been abducted was nrnmntlv1 iv o 1 r j. torcd, and the circumstances of the case are now about to undergo investigation before a judicial tri- bun a I. 1 would respectfully suinrest. that althouffh tlie crime charged to haveTcen committed in this V" ,01 case is neia oaious as ocing in connict witn our opinions on the subject of national sovereignty and personal freedom, there is no prohibition of it, or punishment for it, provided in any act of Congress. 1 ne cxpeaiency 01 suppiinfj tnis ueiect in our criminal code is consideration. tlicrefore recommended, to your.! I have scrupulously avoided -any interference in the wars and contentions which have recently distracted liurope. During -the- late conflict between Austria and Hungary, there seemed to be a prospect that the latter might become ah independent nation. How ever faint that prospect at the time appeared, I taougm it ay duty, in accordance with the gen eral sentiment of the American people, who deep ly sympathized with the Maffvar'palriots. to stand preparod,r,H5oathe contingency of the establish ment by Tier of a permanent government, to be the firs,t to welcome independent -Huggary into t?ie famify of tia tions. For tliis purpose, I 'inves ted an agent, (h&n in Europe, with power to de clare our willingccss promptly to3cognise her in dependence in theKryent of her ability to sustain it. - The powerful intervention of Russia, in the contest, extinguished the hopes of the straggling Magyars.? -lisc:. uaited. tae P1 at any time, interfere in the contest; brut the feelings of the nation strongly eaksted in tite; cause, "and by the siiflerings of -a brave people, wtuv- had made a gallant tnougu uascccsstui cnort to dc tree. Gur claims upon Portugal iiave been, during tfie past 3 car, nrosecated with renewed vigor, and it has been mv object to employ every effort of honorable diplomacy to procure.J'heir adjustment Our late Charge d'Affaires at Lisbon, tlie Hon. George W. Hqpkiiisi tnaae able aod energetic; but unsucceessful elwrts to settle these pieasant mat fers of cotttroTcrsy, and to obtain indemaiity Jfor tlie v.Toacgs wKcSi were tlie subject jfoGmplaint. Oar swesesat Charge d' Affaires at &at eart will, ilv 5rr 1o 'ike nrosesutioa f these claims ability ?md aeat. Tfce revolutionary and disturb od co3itio -of Poctwga!, in past tames, fcas been represented as one of the leading causes of the Tlelayin MxZeannifving oursufieriogcitixceos. But I must now say, it i is matter of proload regret mat tnese -damns ttave ot vet ween seraea, , ine omission of Portugal ta do justice to the American claimants lias sow -assumed a character so grave and serious, that I shall saortly make it the sub ject of a special message to Congress, with a view to such ultimate ction as its wisdoia and patriot ism may suggast. ,y I I With Russia. Austria, Prussia, Sweden, Den mark, Belinum, the Netherlands, and the Italian States, wq still maintain our accustmed amicable relations During the recent revolutions in the Papal States,: our Charge d Afraircs at Kome has been unable to present his letter of credence, which, indeed, he was directed by my predecessor to withhold until he should receive further orders. - Such .was the un settled condition of things in those States, that it was not deemed expedient to give him any instruc tions on the subject of presenting his credential let ter'difiercnt from thole with which he had been furnished by, the late administraiion," until the 25th bf June last; when", in consequence of the want of accurate informational the exact state or things, at that distance from us, he was instructed to exer cise his own discretion in presenting himself to the tfcen existing goverment, if, in his judgement, suf ficiently stable; or if not, to await further events. Since that period, Rome has undergone another revolution, and he abides the establishment of a government sufficiently permanent to justify him in opening diplomatic intercourse with it. With the Republic of Mexico, it is our true poli cy tojculttvate the most friendly relations. Since the ratification of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, nothing has occurred of a serious character to disturb them. A faithful observance of the treaty, and a sincere respect for her rights, cannot fail to secure the 4 lasting confidence and friendship of that republic. The message of my predecessor to the House of Representatives, of the 8th of Februa ry last, communicating, in compliance with a reso lution of that foOdy, a copy of a paper called r.rmv or a n-inrr frtpy a protocol signed at Queretaro on tlw 30th of Mayj l - ' W f J . v " i't wn. l,849,tby the commissioners of the United States and the minister ot foreign affairs of the Mexican government, having been a subject of correspond ence between tlie Department o State and the Envoy Extraordinary and, Minister Plenipotentia ry of that republic accredited to this government, a transcript of that correspondence is herewith submitted. :-. . ' j r" '' r :'- y dinner nn tW mi States: lor marking the boundary between the two republics, though delayed in reaching San Diego by unlforeseenobstacles, arrived at that place with-. in a short period aJter the time required by jhe treatjj; and was there joined by the Commission er on 4io, part of Mexico. ' . Tey entered upon their duties; and, at the dato of the. latest intelli gence from that quarter, some progress had ' been made m the surey. - me expenses iiroident to the organization of tho commissicw, and to its oon- veyancq to the point where its ppsrauons were to 1 begin, Iiave so much reduced thn flinH . nnnro ! ted by Congress, that a further som. to covrfr charges urtjich raust be incurred define the sent fiscal year, wjll, bq necessary, f length of frontier ...along ivhieh; fieboun4an tends, thq taature oh ih piTXitoiy the difficulty; of -obtaining' suppUes. near the ext rentes ot the line, render ' i a!s I dispcnsible that liberal provision shoiilJ.be i o meet theynecessary, charges during the rear ending' p.n the 30th of JTune" 1851 1 1 ' Ivdin gi j ccoimaeiiu inis suL-jcci-iQi .vpn.r;aiir 3t adiustmenViih,claim4,: . .. cxuzcr mAlcSco"proTidjd for by tiIatetrti- ijt uic cinpioymeni oi counsel, on we part oi ine - i lL'- ' - 1 pose of assisting the commissioners in protecting vjvvcijujroui,iuay oecome loipoirani lor iue pur . r i . " l ' : I L 1 1 . 1 . 1 rr ' 1 n. . '! 1 me miercsis oi,ine unuea orates. recommena this subject to the early and faypraUeF consideral J tion of Gongress.y r ' ; ' - :f ",'4 y f-''.-' y Complaints have been made in regard . to' th4 efficiency of tlie means provided by the. govern mcnt of Ie w Greneda for transporting the United .States mail across the Isthmns of Panama, pursu4 ant to our vostal convention with that republic, of the 6th of March 1844.y Our Chared d,Afraires,! I at BoflfOta 1ms tmpn Hlree.terl frtl mnlrft siif-.ti'Tfrtrp.l . 1 o . .r- r " 1 sentations to the government of New Greneda' as, will, it is hoped lead to a prompt removal ol this cause of comnkunt. 1 Hie sanguinary civil war - with wlii'ch the lie public of Venezuela has for some time past-' been! ravaged, has been brought to a close, i In it's pro gress, the nghts ol some oi our citizens resident of. trading there have been violated. The rcsto- ra.ion of order wtll.afibrd the Venezuelan govern- ment an opporturiity to examine and redress these grievances and others of longer standinff, which our j representatives ofCaraccas have, hitherto, in efiectualjy urged upon tlie --attention of thaVgoV crnment. The extension of tlie coast of the United Slates on the Pacific, and the unexamplce rapidity with wuicn uie innaDitants 01 vauiorma, especially, aro increasing in numoers, have imparted new consequence to our relations with the other coun tries whose territories border upon that ocean. It is probable' that the intercourse between those countries and our possessions in that quarter, par ticularly with the Republic of Chili, will extensive and mutually advantageous in proportion as Cal ifornia and Oregon shall 'increase in t population and wealth. It is desirable, therefore, (that this Government should do every thmg -in its power to foster and strengthen its relations with Ih6se States, and that the spirit of amity between us should be mutual and cordial. - ; I I imrHieoneelVaRCti Ol tll&'samercrnrisir h. towards" nit Oitier. Anierican States. Tlie United States stand as the great A merican' power to which, as their natural ally and friend, they wll always be disnoscd. first, to look for mediation and as sistance, in the event :ol-anys collision between them and anv EuroDean nation. As i sucn, we mav! often kindly mediate in their behalf, without entanr?linr ourselves in foreirrn wars of u mneces sary controversies. Whenever the faith of bur treaties, with any; them 'shall require our liaterfer once, we must necessarily, interpose. A convention has been negotiated wit' Brazil providing for the satisfaction of American claims on that ffovernment. and it will be submitted to the Senate. Since, the last session of ; Congress, we have received an Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary from that empire, and our relations with it are founded upon the most amtcaUc understanding. j Your attention is earnestly Invited to an ment of cur existing laws relating to the; amend- African slave trade, -with a view to the effectual sup pres sion of that barbrous trafic. It is not to be de nied, that this trade is still, in part, carried on by means of vessels built in the the United States, and tinned or navigated bv some of our citizens. The correspondence between the Department of State and the Minister and Consul of the United States at Rio de Janeiro, which has from time to time been laid before Congress, represents that it is a customary device to evade the penalties of our laws by means of sea-letters. Vessels sold in Bra zil, when provided with such papers by tlie ConsuJ, instead of returning-td the United btates lor a new register, proceed, at once, to the coast of Africa, for the purpose of obtaining cargoes of j staves. Much additional information, of the same charac ter, has recently been transmitted to the Depart ment of State. It has not been considered the policy of our laws to subject, an American citizen, who, in a foreign country, purchases a vessel built in the United States: to the inconvenience o.f send ing her home for a new register, before perrrtittidgl ner to proceed on a voyage. Any'aiteraiion oi the laws, which might have a tendency to impede the free transfer of property in vessels 'between our citizens, of the free navigation of those ves sels between different parts of the world,, when employed in lawful commerce,' should be well and cautiously considered ;. but, I trust that your wis dom will devise a method by which our general olicyj in this 'respect, may be preserved, and at the same time the abuse ol our .nag, by means ot sea-letters, in the manner indicated,, may be pre vented. ' ' ' ': . "';' ' - Having ascertained thatthere is .no prospect of the reunion of the five States of Central America, which formerly corappsedjthc republic of that name, we have separately negotiated with some of them treaties of amity ; and commerce, wliich will be laid before the Senate. v i . i - A contract having been concluded with the State of Nicaragua,. by a company composed of American citizens, for the purpose of constructing a ship canal,. through the territory of . that tate, to connect the Atlantic rnd Pacific oceans, I have directed the negotiation of a treaty , with Nicara gua, pledging both governments to protect, ihose: who shall engage in and perfect the work. All other nations are invited by the State of Nicaragua to enter intothe snmn trenfyjstipnlatioa.wi; 1 - v. ilt VAV- A ft V-VA U J WV Mm V m.mm TTyucicii lroui i sucn an arrangement, will be thel protection of. this great inter-oceamc communication against any power; which might seek to obstruct it, or to mon opolize its advantages. All States,, cqterin into such a I treaty,' will, enjoy the right of passage through the canal on payment oOhe same tolls. The work, if constructed under these guaran tees, will become a bond of peace instead of a sub ject of Contentions and strife, between the nations of the earth. Should the great maritine States of Europe fcoascnt- to this arrangement," (and we ave no reason to suppose t that nroDosition so fair; and honorablef will .be;6pposedt by any,) tfie energies oi.uieir peopie ana ours win co-opera le i a : promoting - the. success of the! enterprise. I do hot.recommehd any appropriation from the Na Uonarfreasury for this purpose, nor do I belipvo, that such an .appropriation is necessary. Private enterprise if properly protected; will complete the '.vtark; should, jtf prove to bej feasible. , The parties who tiaVe procured the charter from Nicaragua, 'iijts '..construction;' desirc'no assistance from this ovferri ment beyond its protection t' and- they prd- . i having ojMitie tLa jMeonQS&L.JiDPt inf ihe undertaking whenever that protection shall be extended to them. - -ohoula there appear to be rea spn,' on examining the whole evidence to entertain a serioiUsdbubTbf the practicability of constructing such a canal, that doubt could o speedily solved bp an actual exploration of the route. ;Sl)Ould such a work.be constructed, under the fits-to all, it vbuld be .-' neither just nor expedient that any great maritime State should command the communication. . Tlie territory: through which the canakmay be bpenend; ought td tie freed from the claims pt any lorcign power. lio such pow er should occupy a position that would enable it hereafter to exercise so : controlling iin influence over the commerce of the world j or to obstr uct a high-way which ought to be dedicalted to the com-,, men uses of mankind. ! j i ! T ' The routes across tlie Isthmus, at Tehuantcpcc and Panama, are also worthy of our serious con sideration They did not fail to engage the atten tion of my predecessor. The ' negpgtiator bf the treaty 'of Guadalupe Hidalgo wad instructed, to ofler a very large sum of money for the right of transit across the Isthmus of Tehuantcpcc. - The ! Mexican government did not-acccdelto the propo sition for the purchase ot the 'right of way, proba bly because it had already contractejd with private individcals for tlie construction of a passage from tlie Guaisacuaico river to Tehuantepec: I shall not renew any proposition to purchase,- for money, a right which ought to be equally secured to all na tions, on payment of a reasonable toll to the own ers of tie improvement; who w ould doubtless, be wpl! contented with that compensation 7 and the ,a vw-r. w . v.-y separate-treaties negotiated w.fh Mexico, binding her and them to protect those Avhq should con struct the work. Such .guarrari tees, would t do ; more to secure the completionof thel cdmmunica ! tion 'through the territoryLof, Mexico, than, any ouier reasonable oonsiaemtion mat couia pe oner- etfrtfS-T--i J n 1 ..I rM,i, t Ui, fttaiher. by the opening of thi! ebmmonication be 1?.- i y ir: i D.L::: - .L rir-i i that she would not hesitate t yield her aid, in the manner proposed, to accomplish an . lniprovctncnt so tmportajpt to her own best, interests. We have" reason to hope that the proposed rail road across the Isthmus at Panama will be success fully constructed, under the protection pf the1 late treaty with: New Grenada, ratified and exchanged by my predecessor on the'lOth day of June, 1848, iwhtcii guaranties the perfect neutrality of uie Isth ;mus, and the rights bf soyereagnty and -property pf xsew orenada over ,tat territory witn a view that the free transit from ocean to ocean may not be interrupted or embarrassed ' diiripg the exis tence of the treaty. 1 It is bur policy jo eoeoiurige every practicauie route across tne istnmus, wincn bcamocts North and Sou tSi America, oither by rail road Or -carial, which the energy and enterprise pf Pur citizens' ma.inducd them to complete ; and I consider it obligatory upon me to adopt that pol icy, especially in consequence of the absolute ne pessity of facilitating intercourse with! our posses sions on me l acinc v-. j i " -. j :,''-. The position of the 'Sandwich isiaiifs, witli ref erence to the territory of.the Unitd tates on the Pacific; the success or our peraevepng and be nevolent citizens yylio have' repaired that1 remote quarter in christianizing the natives 4d inducing them to adopt a system of Igovennnent and laws suited to their capacity and wants : and the use rnada by car 'numerous whale-ships pf the, harbors Jt thP islands; as places oi, resort Jorj obtaining re freshments and repairs all combine to render their destiny peculiarly interesting i to us. It is 6ut duty to encourage the authorities! of those is lands' irt their ofForts' to improve' and f elevate tlie moral and : political condition of the Inhabitants ; and we should 'make reasonable a Iowances for the difficulties inseparable from this task. We desire tliat the islands may; maintain their inde pendence, and that other; nations .should concur fith us to that senthnetit. We could jn no event be, Indifferent to their passing under tlie dominion of any other power. The principal commercial States have in this a common interetarrd it, is to be hoped that no one of them will attempt to in terpose obstacles to the entcre independence of the islands. The receipis , into tlie treasury for tlc fiscal year, ending on tlie thirtieth of June jlast were, in cash",-' forty-eight millions eight hundred and thirty thousand ninety-seven dollars and fifty cents, and in Treasury, notes . funded, ten millions; eight hun dred and thirty-three thousand doliar1 making an aggregate of fifty-nine millions six hundred and sis,ty-thre3 thousand ninety-seven dollars afd fifty cimts, and the expenditures for thsanie time were, in cash; forty-six millions seybn huudred and nmety-cight thousand six and sixtjyi-seven dol lars and eighty-two cents, and in Treasury notes funded, ten ; millions Aiight hundred and thirty- three thousand dollars, making an aggregate 'of jfifftj'-seven millions six hundred and thirty-one thousand six hundred ; and stxty-severi dollars and eighty-two cents, j j y The accounts and estimates which will be sub- mitted to Congress in the report of the Secretary ofj the Treasury, show that, there will probably be a deficit, occasioned by the expenses of the live millions eight hundred and twenty ieightthou- one nundrea and. -iweniy-one ! ppi:ars ana . - 1 , ' 1! "1 I fl sixty -six , cents, -and on the" first day of Tuly,'l 851 , ofj ten millions, five hundred and forty-seven thousand and ninety-two1 dollars an(3 seventy three cents, making in the .whole a probable defi: cic, to be provided for, of sixteen millions three hundred and seventy-five thousand tvvo hundred arid fourteen dollars and thirty-nine cents." The extraordinary expenses bf the . war with Mexico, and the purchase of California and New Mexico, exireed in amount this deficit, togetheir with the rt4v,;w ' '. v.; ' - .. ' i . - heretofore mado for tliose obr tiL' I there lore recommend that authority be to borrow whatever sum may be necessary .! cover thai deficit. I recommend the observa c:t of stric economy in the appropriation and e fmditure oif public money.; '-.:,':.-'"-:;:. i - : !, i I ; recommend a revision of the and its adjustment on a basis w hich the revenue. I do not doubt the ri ly augmenl Congress to encourage domestic indc iy, which i: the great source of national as wellA wealth and ' prosperity. 'I look to thW individual isdom and ,patrjoJism.m4iigrcs.s, for the tiifi ;of sys tern which" may place hom lArWTar-on"i sure and permanent footing, and, by nie encour agement of manufactures, give a neMnd incrca sed stimulus to agriculture, and prtra fc the de velopment of our vast resources and t extension of our commerce. Believing that 4 he attain ment of these nds fas well as the ntdaisarv u mentation of the revenue and theek'ention ot frauds) a'system of specific duties is bet adapted,! I strongly recommend to Congress, t3f Adoption, oil (hat system, fixing the duties at rates qirh enough: to afford substantial and sufficient enc6 iragement to our own industry, and at the, sanie t me so-ad justed as to insure stability, f jy j ; y I he Question of the continuance at. tlie Sub- treasury system is respectfully submitted, to the wisdom of. Congress. If continued, important modifications of' it appear to be indispei sable. For e .t. - - j -i 1 -M l .uLL " . ', i other matters ' l JuX 1ULLU1S I.UlllirLUjll lyUlIllllUiljUfl L11C j r-ir-L- .1 " yI.;i..i ec.- ces, and revenue, i reier to tnc report o tne oee retary of the Treasury. j; y H.-1 -V -"''' . No direct aid has been; given byitni General (Government to ' the imnrovement oU aVriculturc.; exrent bv? the. exndriditurc ol small sum? for the collection apd publication of agricultural statist'icsr and for some chemical analysi, which luve been, thus far. naid for out of the natcnt fuiid. . This aid is, in my opinion, wholly inadequate. o give to this leadinir branch of American indasfiv the en couragemcnt which it merits, I respertful y recom mend the establishment of an Agriculture! Bureau f to be connected witn ue ieparuneni pi Jine tnie. rior. To elevate the social condition pi the gri culturist, to increase, hb! prosperity aid extend his means ot useiumess to ms fcouniryi jy multi plying his sources of inlbrmatioh, slibeU be the study, of every statesmaa, aod a prinluy 'object . with every legislator.' '.'.... ' H ' ' I r: 'm ! '.- ' No civil "government having jboeo ftfCf tded by Congress for' California, the people offtHt Terri tory, impelled by the necessities bf thtei political condition, recently met in conypndon,ip;tiie pur, pose off forming a constitution VadjSyii goyern- suppose, lias been accomplished ; ard fp; believed they, wiirshortly apply for Uie rnpswi of Cali fornia into the Union, as a soyereiOT 3tate. Should such be the case, aiid sliouldllf consti tution be conformable to the requisitjdi.i of the Constitution of the United Stages, I e-mmend their , application- to the favorable conf atiori of Congress.;:. . f: V 1 ( ' l ' ' 4 i, ;. The peopJe. of New Mexico will a?sot is 'belie ved, ar no very distant period, present tm mselves for admission into the Union. Preparatdiy to the admission of California and New Mexic j hi peo ple of each will have instituted for them elves a rciub!ican form of government, laying ts foun dations, in such principles, "and organising its powers in such form, as to them shall letn most likely to effect, their safety and hapnceis i By awaiting their action, all causes ohuoeasi ncss may be avoided, aod confidence di kind' feeling be preserved. Uith a view of ntai tatouig the harmony and - tranquility so &nx iU, we should abstain from the introduction of ll.e ex citing topics of a sectional character wliich have hitherto produced pain fol appreliensloni m the public mind ; and I repeat tlie solemn' aping of the .first and most illustrious of 'my predp lessors against furnishing any ground for charactJrizin-g parties by geographical discrimiiiahsJ :, t A collector has been appointed at San Ijicisco under the act of Congress c'xtending tliej3vnte laws 6yer California ; and measures lien been taken to organize the custom-hotis.es af f at and the other ports mentioned in that act, at 1$e ' artiest period practicable. ; The collector procecue over land, and advices have pot yet been received of his arrival it San Franciscou Meanwlil, it is understoo'd tliat the customs have continUOkl to be collected thcro by officers acting under jthe .ilitary authority, as tlievovere. duriog the admiirration of my predecessor It wl, 1 thijik, be expedient to conhrm tne efOUections inns maae, nnavuiruci the avails rafter such alfowanccs hs Congrcij may think fit to authorize) io be expended witll a Ihc Territory, or to be paid into the rbasurlDr the purpose of meeting appropriations for the m(tJove-i ment oi its rivers ana naroors. u , a A party, engaged in the coast survey, wis ae, spalisned to Oregon in January last. Acrrding to the last advices, thev had ! pot lk;ft Calif 'mia ; and directions have been given Ito ll?m, a i-on as they shall, have fixed on the sites jot the tfrf , ngnt houses and the bUoj s authorized to be consl ucted. and placed ; in Oregon; to Tproceed; Yithdttt.clay. to maice reconnoissances oi tne mosi irci'1,rtus points .on the coast of California, and cn'iany In rV-mmr nnt ptrminf nn i sites for llfrlitd OUSCS f fn tViat onaii it fBrweiv rPtinn of whifill 8 Ur genuyueinanueuiuy.r merer; 4 .-;, ; I '. : ; f I Ihiva transferred the Tndlan Affencicsl rom Upper Missouri and Council fBluflf to Sant" Fe; and Salt Lake ; and have 'j.caiisedj to be appiinted sub-agents in the valleys of the. Gfla. the f? mento,and San Joaquin rivers. Stitl furtnejpgal provisions will be necessary for, the effecit a"d successful extension of our system! oT Indian i nter course over tlie new Territories, j f jyv 1 recommend the establishment of a braBcp'nt inf California! as it will, in my opinion, afTof! n rportant fociliUQjOiose ngagejjri as the mineral lands. I also recommend that commissions be organ-. ized by Congress, to examine and decide" upon the validity of the present subsisting land titles m ! California and 1 New Mexico ; . and that provision be made; for the establishment of offices of Sur veyor( General in New Mexico, California tdnd Oregon, and j for the surveyirig and bringing into market the land in those Territories . Those lands, remote in position and difficult of access, ought to be disposed of on terrn.s liberal to all, but especial ly favorable to thd early emigrants. '! 1 . . f rr- Buuauon anu pimrarttr oi uny pniicipil mineral deposites inl California mnv h ascertained,' I recommend tliat a 'gcolojriWnl '.im I nunerahygical oApIonition Ik connoted with ih,t Imcar surveys, and that the minend lands be di- yided iito'tinaII lots1 suitable for mining, nnd )& dispasedj ofby'snle or lease, o"a to give; our citi zens an .'opportunity of procuring a rTiiiJiii nt right, of property in" the soil, llii woukl sr m to be as important tuj the success oif nuning a.i of agriculuira.l-pursuits.;; . -.:' , .j . ; '. 1 1: ' : ' j The griat mincraf wealth ofCCirnia,' and ifvanTags fnhich its KrW nulai 4ir, aod ll pi y rcgoii allord to commorceially islands of tlie Pacific and Indian oceans. w'hU th.r and thrt poiiulous regions of Eastern Asia, make it certain that tJiere will arise in a few years, large niul -rs-perous communities (bu our western coast. , It, therefore -'becomes important that a line jo f com munication, the best and most expeditious whieh Ijjthe nature of the country will admit, fehbuldl-; gpviKXj, wuiim uie territory ol the United States, from tlie Navigable waters of thcAtlatitic or tn Gulf of Mexico to tftc Pacific. Opuion; as cliei tcd and cjxpressed by two large aikl resfccta!Js conventions,' iatelv assembled at, St. LotiU no.f Memphis points to n, railroad as ithat uhi'ch," if practjeabe, will bes meet the wishes mid wruiu of the co mtryl Bilt while this, if in 5uccr-sft l operation would lx; a work of great natioiinl portahce, and h a. viiluc'to the coitntrv ! jvhiclwt iiii- poriancc, aim 01 a V & u ituia .. wsjtiimclilt to estimate, it ought aU to 1 U ' 1111' 1 . . I ; rpgaracu.as-anuudetfak Wlr ni t'iivl n rmllMlt ni:.l expense, and otic which inust, if i be, 1ji(lett1, practicable, cixiouiitdr mat v liflictdie in its c(u- ' struction and use. j Tht rr-foix', to (avoid j Hiilurvs ' and disappointment;' to enable Congress ti judr)f whether, in the' condctioci of the country throng whicliitmust pass, the work be foafihle, aiid if its be found so, wlicthcr'f sltould J unilertakn i. x.';. national improvement or left to! um3 jvidnal niter- prise, and in the latter alternatit c, w li.Staid, ought to be extended to it bv the 2worm if any. omBiout. I :! rdcotnmcbd as a inreliniiBiirv f nrwi.u.m n-.n rr-f, t reconnoisance of tlie seveal iroposed iwaic 'by a scieniuic Corps,!and ja tcii an to tllie iracfir.n1irf:-; uy oi making suctt aifoad, wii)i an ostiiualdof ... cost o its coastructfioo; and sunrKjrt' l iV V i rorlurtlicr views pti these and ot'Ier thatlcr , lr connected with the duties of tke" IIoTne'lleaj (mr'ti: . I refer you to the, report of the Kecrctwy If, xh Ti ; -l; !,'; ; ,. . .. :;-; ' ;I .recommend eariy awpTonriatirmsfor contioain':' . ' the Iriver and harbor iirmrovemcnts which ha v - r1 yceh olreidy- Ijgunj and also for the conMruriiTi -affthose fxrr -wjdeh stimatps j hav bre-njinyilivai.'. pt.il ww-frrt; TxwKmtiioris anffeslBraaics prep;ir;it(K- to thecomnienrementof finch "oi1- ilm' u .r, jbf the country, and pen ally- ic ad van population over inew !idistrict,adad thc; "e? ncc 'Of our extcufmi oi rf rnr rift r -, m J . j! r ' ' ', - t rruv,l-')r a-nucr uwsssary. An tnri:rfft AC ? imimt 1, L1, t. - - 1 , . . !!' ..-.j.w.u, we. auvaniageoufivf xnriir ded witliut the oxf fiscttl fe:Jureaofpograpiiical KiigwaerR,: panics me reports teSerrcLnry tf VTjct, to y-Ul,iM. . I respectfully invite the attention Vviigrt Tle cessttoaa ,sf territory "mS5e W-'tiielafe tre.-.f fith Mexico has greatly cxtaodod our ex posed frr'-' tier and rcfidercd itsdcfeiioe'iorc difliciiJt. ' "J'hac ; treaty &asi also brought vs ytdet 44ttgntTii8 ' -t Mexic tocomply with jwSwcIi a wilary firre reouisiie. : Du t . our SStarv 1 -cstalAitimciil tin tt .inateriallyfchangod as to hs iRdcmcy,. froin -Or condition, in who8i itiRtood before tic corrriK-rKr- i ment bf thc3kiiacaia war. xmcndilifmn to t. Wf 1 1 Iiejrefore be ecessar aaid I rocmmoiito the a- v 't orable sition of Conrss ' wcrea.se Jrjf tTv ' several -corps of tTie.a-rmy at 'mir -flistant wcKttsr'n,' posts as proposed in tlie OMupoJiyiiig jori'f thej Secretary yf War. I ' ::- y ' ; ' "I ' - Cirt'cmbarrassm'cn-tftSnAtedtrorii e.fTr? j upon r.tnk in -the array lieretofore gircn to lrwt I andstafr-wmniiSSKWS.i.ITlie views of tkcScerfcinrr or ar, on ims subject, are dcented itnportjK and it carried, jmto e;ctwill, itw J.iit d, of!e tJie liarwo'ry 'of j the service; ' -Thc'lan posed "Air retiring disabled olfictrs, ad rov pr )hr'Z an asylum for such of tlie rank and file as jfrvn ageJ.wWids, a)id other infirmities Viccasijncd hir ' service lave become unfa to perform theif reKpccti n dtdiisSjis recommended as amcans ofincrcasiug tli cliiciencyfot the .army, aud as aa rcto'jusUce du-5 liom a gratelnl srWdicr. ; ,i A The accompan viug rettort of the Secretary of' the 'Nary presents a foil and shtisfitctory account oftlie condition ruid operations ol the nival so r- vice, duricjr ile past year. Our citizens ciiga d j in tie legitimate pursuits of commerce liavrn- jojjed its' tWireftts. ; VVfierewr our national vc lx. ; hav n-one tlteJ Ilvo liei-n . reerive! ivllli rrester- Jvjr ipfllccrs jhavc iKn treated with kirKlncf?.a'nd . cfkirtesy, and they- have, ori all occauons 'iurpid a'poursc of strict ncutnlit', in aooordanco with tine policy of otif , Clo'vcrtimeut. iTiho'-iiaval force at present in commission is -ns 'large. as tsnoinissner Wi"i me, nunmrr oi tticii au- thOrpifil hy Congix-ss to bo employed. ' . , 1 1 invite Vour atft ntioti 0 the recommendatU; nVif tlie Secret nrv if ;ln: Xuvy on Iie..suljt ofatfxir. tins Xarv, iii it varioiKrad(;? ofptli- 1 f j .. ." - .i : vs. i . i gditiizafijin f errs; ifd th' ralili ?nmg o a retirfcl li.V for i uch ofit!ii oflice.rii,- U.s int" .'dte-rrualified for act ie' and , effective sc'n-i:f. SJii ajild (ngjss adopt mv. ' ! measure as isiryruimriHteil, it will greatly! incr sm ii , jtlik efTicie'iic . of the Xuvv ahdVeduc itscpe ' tu,x yi'l , .:,'-'.' y . .j - H L ". JM' f-; ! ' V' V ,y l udi- J 4feo atsti'.Wrt.iV nlU'titioft to tlie views cvprqtsed. bl him in rcf;reieft '-toilK' evriploVmout of war slca- mrs,!aiidregnrd to the eontra't,s for the transpor-. 'tatu.on.of tlie llnited States mait imI A he op7atiuu of the systbjn uph tlie prosperity of the Navy, By an act of Congress pans'd Aiigu lih, HiB, provision was mad? for extending prist-fTicc' Iniuf 1 m.i il accommodation to California yuid Orcgfii. Insertions have been made tof-xecute that law; but the limited provision of the act, " the inadequacy of :hc mcans to authorize, the ill-adapfition ofotir r popt-bfiicc laws to the situation of that country niid ! . the measure of ce-ninf'nsation'. -for services' allowed by! thoso laWs couipa red wit h prices of lalrr and rViits in cafi ornia, render those eicertions. in n ti it degree.; innlifctu.il. iJMore pnrhewlar and efhei-n provision bv law required on this subieht. ' t V Uli ''A., -V: . U .: ' 7. i -! i ncr oni i.). "eiiueing nosinge. lias now. dy its :oper)on during four vears,prdd.ucpd rt-sult-i fully sliowing that the. income from suchVed.ucrd the wh61o,; expon postage is sufficient to sustain oil tne service ol the lJost Uthcei Uenrtmiit, itipltiing the; cost of trnnsportkiion hi mail ww.n i fr. V .1 '-tr :l y.t i! i ."I
Hornets’ Nest and True Southron. (Charlotte, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Jan. 5, 1850, edition 1
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