5.
VOL. XXV.
RALEIGH, NOFTH CAROLINA, THURSDAY. DECEMBER a. l01
NO. 48.
i n
mm t
Leading Problems Confronting Our Government
Ably Discussed By the Executive
CURRENCY REFORM PLAN
The Regulation of Public Service
Corporations is Necessary, But
They Must Have Fair Treatment
Integrity of Administration of
Public Affairs a Dut7 That Ap
plies to AIL
To the Senate and House of Repre
sentatives: No nation has greater resources
than our.?, and I think it can be
truthfully said that the citizens of no
nation possess greater energy and in
dustrial ability. In no nation are
i In fundamental business condi
tions sounder than in ours at this
vi-ry moment; and it is foolish, when
uch is the case, for people to board
money instead of keeping it in sound
hanks; for it is such hoarding thai
U the immediate occasion of money
stringency. Moreover, as a rule, the
business of our people is conducted
with honesty and probity,' and this
applies alike to farms and factories,
lo railroads and banks, to all our leg
itimate commercial enterprises.
In any large body of men, how
ever, there are certain to be some
yho are dishonest, and if the condi
tions are such that these men pros
per or commit their misdeeds with
impunity, their example is a very evil
thing for the community. Where
these men are business men of great
:-asracity and of temperament both
im.scrupulous and reckless, and where
sle f-oinHtions are such that they act.
v. 'tliMMt supervision or control ami at
;ir-l without effective check from
; il!ic opinion, they delude many in
i -x-eiit people into making .- invest
ments or embarking in kinds of bus
iness that are really unsound. When
ih' misdeeds of these successfully
dishonest men are discovered, suffer
ing comes not only upon them, but
upon the innocent men whom they
haye misled. It is a painful' awak
ening, whenever it occurs; and, nat
urally, when it does occur. those who
.-uffer are apt to forget that the lon
ger it was deferred the more painful
it would be. In the effort to punish
the guilty it is both wise and proper
4 .v 1 O ' 1
iu niui'.nor so lar as possime to min
imize the distress of those who-have
been misled by the guilty. Yet it is
not possible to refrain because of,
such distress from striving to put an ;
end to the misdeeds that are the Ulti
mate causes of the suffering, and, as
a means to this end, where possible
to punish those responsible for them.
Our steady aim should be by legis
lation, cautiously and carefully un
dertaken, i)it resolutely- persevered
in, to nsest the sovereignty of the
National Government by affirmative
action.
Interstate Commerce.
No small part of the trouble that
we have comes from carrying to an
extreme the national virtue of self
reliauee, of independence in initiative
and action. It is wise to conserve
this virtue and to provide for its
fullest exercise, compatible with see
ing that liberty does not become a
liberty to wrong others. Unfortu
nately, this is the kind of liberty that
the lack of all effective regulation
inevitably breeds. The founders of
the Constitution provided that the.
National Government should have
complete and sole control of inter
state commerce. There was then
practically no interstate business
save such as was conducted by water,
and this the National Government
at once proceeded to regulate in
thoroughgoing and effective fashion.
Conditions . have now so wholly
changed that the interstate commerce
by water is insignificant compared
with amount that goes by land, and
almost all big business concerns are
now engaged in interstate commerce.
As a result, it can be" partially and
imperfectly controlled or regulated
by the action of any one of the sev
eral States; such action inevitably
tending fo be either too drastic, or
else too lax, and in either cdse inef
fective for purposes of justice. Only
the National Government can in
thoroughgoing fashion exercise the
needed control. This does not mean
that there should be any extension of
Federal authority, for sueh authority
already exists under the" Constitution
in amplest and most far-reaching
form; but it does mean that there
should, be an extension of Federal
activity. This is not advocating cen-i
trahzation. It is merely looking facts
in the face, and realizing that cen
tralization in business has already
come and cannot be avoided or un
done, and that the public at large
can only protect itself i from-certain
evil effects of this .business centrali
zation -by providing better , methods
for the exercise of control through
tie arii&o'jaf y already centralized in
Uys IXiiicsal Government by the Con
stitutiou itself.' There must be no
halt .in- the healthy constructive
course of action which this Nation
has elected to pursue, and has stead
ily Dursued, during the last six years, ,
ram
fit
as shown both in the legislation of
the Congress and the administration
of the law by the Department of
Justice. The most vital need is in
connection with the railroads. As to
these, in my judgment there should
now be either a national incorpora
tion act or a law liceuing railway
companies to engage in interstate
commerce ujm certain conditions.
The law should be so framed as to
give to the Interstate Commerce
Commission power to pass upon the
future issue of securities, while am
ple means should be provided to en
able the Commission, whenever in
its judgment it is necessary, to make
a physical validation of any railroad.
As 1 stated in my Message to the
Congress a year ago, railroads should
be given power to enter into agree
ments, subject to these agreements
bei ug made public in minute detail
and to the consent of the Interstate
Commerce Commission being first
obtained. Until the National Gov
ernment assumes proper control of
interstate commerce, in the exercise
of the authority it already possesses,
it Avill be impossible either to give
to or( to ?et from the railroads fuli
justice. The railroads and all other
great corporations wiil do well to
recognize that this control must come
the only question is as to what gov
ernmental body can most wisely ex
ercise it. The courts wiil, determine
the limits within which the Federal
authority can exercise it. and there
will stiil remain ample f ork within
each State for the railway commis
sion of that State; ami the National
Interstate Commerce Commission will
work in harmony with the several
State commissions, each within its
own province, fo achieve the desired
end.
Income Tax.
Reference is here made to the diffi
culty of framing a law that will with
stand the test of the courts. "The
argument is made lry the President
that such a tax is not a tax on thrift
or industry. The Gentian law is giv
en as an interesting example.
Sherman Antitrust Lar.
Moreover, in my judgment there
should be additional legislation look
ing to the proper control of the great
business concerns engaged in inter
state business, this control to be ex
ercised for their own benefit and
prosperity no less than for the pro
tection of investors and of the gen
eral public: As I have repeatedly
said in Messages to the Congress and
elsewhere, experience has definitely
shown not merely the unwisdom but
the futility of endeavoring to put a
stop lo all business combinations.
Modern industrial conditions arc
such that combination is not only
necessary but inevitable. It is so in
the world of business just as it is so
in the world of labor, and it is as
idle to desire to put an end to all
corporations to all big combinations
of capital, as to desire to put an end
to combination of labor. Corporation
and labor union alike have come to
stay. Each if properly managed is
a source of good and not vil. When
ever in either there is evil, it should
be promptly held to account; but it
should receive hearty encouragement
so long as it is properly managed. It
is profoundly immoral to put or keep
on the statute books a law, nominally
in the interest of public morality,
that really puts a premium upon
public immorality, by undertaking tp.
forbid honest men from doing what
must be done under modern business
conditions, so that the law itself pro
vides that its own . infraction must
be the condition precedent upon busi
ness success. To aim at the accom
plishment of too much usually means
the accomplishment of too little, and
often the doing of positive damage.
The antitrust law should not be re
pealed; but it should be made both
more efficient and more in harmony
with actual conditions. It should be
so amended as to - forbid only the
kind of combination which does harm
to the general public, such amend
ment to be accompanied by, or to be
an incident of, a grant of supervi
sory power to the Government over
these big concerns engaged in inter
state business. This should be ac
companied by provision for the com
pulsory publication of accounts . and
the subjection of books and papers
to the inspection of the Government
officials. A beginning has already
been made for such supervision by
the establishment of the Bureau of
Corporations.
The antitrust law should not pro
hibit combinations that do no injus
tice to the public, still less those the
existence of which is on the whole
of benefit to the public But even if
this feature of the law were abolish
ed, there would remain as an equally
objectionable feature the difficulty
and delay now incident to its; en
forcement. The Government must
now submit to irksome and repeated
delay before obtaining a final decis
ion of the courts upon proceedings
instituted, and even a favorable; de
cree may mean an empty victory.
Moreover, to attempt to control these
corporation by lawsuit mean to im
post noon both the nnartmit of
Justice and the court an impossibly
uurdCL; it i not feasible to carry on
core i ban a limited number of w-h
uits. Such a law to be really ef
fective must of course be administer
ed by an executive body, and nut
merely by means of lawsuit. The
desiu should be to prevent the
abuse incident to the creation ot un
heal t by and improper cxjiuoinatioiu,
instead of waiting until they arc in
existence and then attempting to de
stroy ibm by civil or eriwiual pro
ceeding?. Pure-Food Law.
Incidentally, in the passage of the
pure-food law the action of the var
ious State food and dairy commis
sioners showed in striking fashion
how much good for the whole peo
ple resulU from the. "hearty: coopera
tion of the federal and Stata offi
cials in securing a given reform. It
is primarily to the action of these
Stele commissioners that we owe the
enactment of this law; for they
aroused the people, first to demanJ
the enactment and enforcement of
State laws on the subject, and then
the enactment of the Federal law,
without which the State laws were
largely ineffective. There must be
the closest cooperation between the
National and State governments in
administering these laws.
Currency.
In my message to Congress a vcar
ago I spoke as follows of the cur
rency :
"I especially call your attention to
the condition of our currency laws.
The national-bank act has ably serv
ed a great purpose in aiding the
enormous business development of
the country, and within ten years
there has been an increase in circu
lation per capita from $21.41 to
K-'j.OS. For several years evidence
has been accumulating that addition
j al legislation is needed. The reeur
j rence of each crop season emphasizes
the detects of the present laws. There
must soon be a revision of them, be
! cauc to leave them as they are means
'"t. incur liability of business disaster.
Sii.cc your body adjourned there lias
been a fluctuation in the interest on
call money from 2 per cent to 30
per cent, and the Auction was even
greater during the preceding six
months. The Secretary of the Treas
ury had to step in and by wise action
put a stop to the most violent period
of oscillation. ' Even worse than such
fluctuation is the advance in commer
cial rates and the uncertainty felt in
the sufficiency of credit even at high
rates. All commercial interests suf
fer during -each crop period. Exces
sive rates for call money in New
York attract money from the interior
banks into the speculative field. This
depletes the fund that would other
wise be available for commercial uses
and commercial borrowers -.i
to pay abnormal rates, so that each
fall a tax, in tne snape of iiicre.-eu
interest charges, is placed on the
whole commerce of the country.
"The mere statement of these facts
show that our present system is ser
iously defective. There is need of
a change. Unfortunately, however,
many of the proposed changes must
be ruled from consideration because
they are complicated, are not easy of
comprehension, and tend to disturb
existing rights and interests. We
must also rule out any plan which
would materially impair the value of
the United States 2 per cent bonds
now pledged to secure circulation,
the issue of which was made under
conditions peculairly creditable to the
Treasury. I do not press any espec
ial plan. Various plans have recent
ly been proposed by expert committees
of bankers. Among the plans which
are possibly feasible and which cer
tainly should receive your considera
tion is that repeatedly brought to
your attendtion by the present Secre
tary of the Treasury, the essential
features of which have been appro
ved by many prominent bankers and
business men. According to this plan
national banks should be permitted
to issue a specified proportion of
their capital in notes of a given kind,
the issue to be taxed at so high a
rate as to drive the notes back when
not wanted in legitimate trade. This
plan would not permit the issue of
currency to give banks additional
profits, but to meet the emergency
presented by times of stringency.
-"I do not say that this is the right
system. I only advance it to empha
size my belief that there is need for
the adoption of some system which
shall be automatic and open to all
sound banks, so as to avoid all pos
sibility of discrimination and favor
itism. Such a plan would tend to
prevent the spasms of high money
and speculation which now obtain in
New York market ; for at present
there is too much currency at cer
tain seasons of the year, and its ac
cumulation at New York tempts
bankers. to lend it at; low rates for
speculative purposes ; whereas . at
other times when the crops are being
moved there is urgent need "for a
large but temporary increase in the
currency supply. It must never be
forgotten that this question concerns
business men generally quite as much
as bankers ; especially is this true of
stockmen, faxmersf an4 'business mgn
in the West; , for at present at cer
tain seasons of the year the differ
ence in interest rates between ; the
East and West is from 6 to" 10 per
cent; whereas in Canada! the corres
ponding difference is but 2 per cent.
Any plan tamU of coarse, gaard the
nteret. id western atw! jsouthera
Hanker carefully a it guard the
u.lemt of New York or Chicago
Hankers, and most be drawn oni the
taudotnU of the farmer xf the
nerchant o lea than from th
tandoinU of the city banker and
(he country banker."
; ,1 again urge on the Congrc th
need of immediate attention to thi
Milter. We need a greater elaetie
ity in our currency; provided, of
erniree, that we recognize the even
greater need of a safe and secure
currency. There mutt aiwaya be tie
most rigid examination by the Nat
ional authorities. Provision should
!h made for an emergency currency.
The emergency issue should, of course
be made with an effective guaranty,
and tipon conditions carefully pre
scribed by - the Government.- Sueh
emergency issue must be based ou
adequate securities approved by the
Government, and must be issued un
der a heavy tax. This would permit
currency being issued when the de
mand for it was urgent, while secur
ing its retirement as the demand fell
off. It is worth investigating to de
termine whether officers and direc
tors of national banks should ever
be allowed to loan to themselves
Trust companies should be subject to
thesame supervision as banks; legi
lation to this effect should be enacted
for the District of Columbia and the
! Territories.
Enforcement of the Law.
A -few years ago there was loud
complaint that'the law could not be
invoked against wealthy offenders.
There is no such complaint now. The
course of the Department of Justice
during the last few years has been
such as to make it evident that no
man stands above the Taw, that no
corporation is so wealthy that tit can
not be held to( account. The De
' part men t of Justice has been as
prompt to proceed against the
wealthiest malefactor, whose crime
J was one of greed and cunning as to
j pro.i eed pgainst the agitator who in
j cites to brutal violence. Everything
that .'an be done under the existing
law, and with the existing state of
public opinion, which so profoundly
influences both the courts and juries,
has been done. But the laws them
selves need strcngtbeneing in more
than one important point; -they
should be made more definite, so that
n honest man can be led unwittingly
to. hiefiX. them, and. so that the real
-nongdocr can be readily punished.
Injunctions.
Instances of abuse in the granting
of injunctions in labor disputes con
tinue to occur and the resentment in
the minds of those who feel that
their lights are being invaded ami
their liberty of action and of speech
unwarrantably restrained continues
likewise to grow. Much of the at
tack on the use of the process of in
junction is wholly without warrant;
but. I am constrained to express the
belief that for some of it there is
warrant. This question is becoming
more s.nd more one of prime import
ance, and unless the courts will them-.-oives
deal with it in effective man
ner, it is certain ultimately to de
mand some form- of legislative ac
tion. It would be most unfortunate
for our social welfare if we should
permit many honest and lawabiding
citizens to feel that they had just
cause for regarding our courts with
hostility. I earnestly commend to
tije attention of the Congress this
matter, so that some way may be de
vised which will limit the abuse of
injunctions and protect those rights
which from time to time it unwar
rantably invades. Moreover, discon
tent is often expressed with the use
of the process of injunction, by the
eourts, not only in labor disputes, but
where State laws are concerned. I
refrain from discussion of this ques
tion as I am informed that it will
soon receive the consideration of the
Supreme Court.
Accidents.
The loss of life and limb from rail
road accidents in this country has
become appalling. It is a subject
of which the National Government
should take supervision. It might be
well to begin by providing for a Fed
eral inspection of interstate railroads
somewhat along the lines of Federal
inspection of steamboats, although
not going so-far.
The National Government should
be a model employer. It should de
mand the highest quality, of service
-from each of its. employees and it
should care for all of them properly
in return. Congress should adopt
legislation providing limited but defi
nite compensation for accidents to
all workmen within the scope of the
Federal power, including employees
of the navy yards and arsenals.
Eight-Hour Law.
The Congress should consider the
extension vof the eight-hour law. The
Constitutionality of the present law
has recently been called into question
and the Supreme Court has decided
that the existing legislation is un
questionably within the powers of
Congress. The principle of the eight
hour day should as rapidly and as
far as practicable be extended to the
entire work carried on by the Gov
ernment; and the' present law should
"be amended to embrace contracts on
those public works which the prese'n:
wording of the act has been con
strued to exclude.- The general intro
duction of the eight-hour day sho
be the goal towaid which we should
steadily tend, and . the Government
hooM et the etampU in thi r
pt. Ccrapulacry Infestiition cf Xzdar
trial DUpatea.
Strike and Wkout. with their t
tendant k and fufiVrirg. eositmu
to inerea". For lh five ear end
ing December 31, ViX the ntrrnW f
trikm va greater than X h ?e in auj
prcvioa ten vear and was double
tie numU-r iu the ureetxlicsr five
years. Thce flrure indicate the in
creasing need of providing some ma
chinery to deal with thi ela of dis
turbances in the intert alike ot tie
employer, the employee, and the gen
eral public.
The need for toce provision for
.uch investigation was forcibly il
lustrated in the recciit MriM
of telegraph operators which eriou-
ly interfered with telegraphic com
munication, eau&ing great dajaagJU
business interests and serious incon
venience to the general public.
Inland Waterways.
The conservation of our natural re
sources and I heir proper use consti
tute the fundamental problem which
! underlies almost every other problem
of our National life. We must main
tain for our civilization the odequat
material basis without which that
civilization can not exist. We must
show foresight, we must look ahead.
As a nation we not only enjoy a wou-
; derful measure. of present prosperity
but if this prosperity is used aright
it is an earnest of future success
such as no other nation will have.
The reward of foresight for this" Na-
i tion is great and easily foretold. Hut
I there must h" the look ahead, there
must be a realization of the fnot ihz
to waste, to detrov. our natural re
sources, to skin and exhaust the land
instead of using it so as to increase
its usefulness, wiil result in under
mining in the days of our children
tlfe very prosperity which we ought
by right to hand down to them am
plified and developed.
Tariff , on Wcod Pulp.
i There should be no tariff on any
forest product grown in this coun
try; and, in especial, there should
be no tariff on wood pulp; due no
tice of the change being rf course
g'ven to those engaged in the busi
ness so as to enable them to adju.-t
themselves to the new conditions.
The repeal of the duty on wood pulp
should if possible be accompanied
by an agreement with Canada that
there hall be no export duty on Ca
nadian pulp wood.
J The Panama Canal.
i Work in now progressing at a
satisfactory rate. The private bids
for the construction of the canal
were all unsatisfactory, and in con
sequence were all rejected."
Postal Affairs.
I commend to the favorable con
sideration of the Congress a postal
savings bank system, as recommend
ed ly the Postmaster General. The
primary object is to encourage among
our people economy and thrift and
by the use of postal savings banks to
give them an opportunity to husband
their resouces, particularly those who
have not the facilities at hand for
depositing their money in savings
banks. Viewed, however, from the
experience of the past few weeks, it
is evident that the advantages of
such an institution are still more far
resching. Timid depositors have
withdrawn their savings for the time
being from national banks, trust
companies, and savings banks; indi
viduals have hoarded their cash and
the workingmen their earnings; all of
which money has been withdrawn
and kept in hiding or in the safe de
posit box to the detriment of pros
perity. Through the agency of the
postal savings banks such money
would be restored to the channels of
trade, to the mutual benefit of capi
tal and labor.
I further commend to the Congress
the consideration of the parcel post,
especially on the rural routes. There
j are now 38,215 rural routes, serving
I nearly 15,000,000 people who do not
have the advantages of the inhabi
tants of cities in obtaining their sup
plies. These recommendations have
been drawn up to benefit the farmer
and the country storekeeper; other
wise, I should not favor them, for I
believe that it is good policy for our
Government to do everything possi-
ble to aid the small town and the
country districts. It is desirable thai
the country merchant should not be
crushed out.
. Reports show that during the ia.st
year we mr.de a clear profit on oar
foreign postal business of more than
three and a half million' dollars. The
President recommends that profit be!
expended in improving the service".
Oklahoma.
Oklahoma has become a - State,
standing on a full equality with her increase in the activity and usefui
I elder sisters, and her future is assur- ness of the International Bureau of
ed by her great natural resources. ' American Republics. That institu
The duty of the National Govern- tion, which includes all the American
ment to guard the personal and Republics in it membership and
property rights of the Indians with- brings all their representatives to
rn her borders remains of course un- gether, is doing a really valuable
changed. . - j work in infonning the people jof the
. German Tariff Agreement. United States about the other repub
A re-adjustment of the German lies and in making the United States
tariffs made it necessary to appoint known to them. Its actum is now
a comission composed of experts to limited by appropriations determined
investigate conditions and secure the when it was doing a work on a much
fullest measure of rights to .shippers,,
both expdrteVs and importers.
Porto Kico.
I agfcia recoatniend that the rights to tho expenses of the bureau be
of citizenship be conferred upon the made commensurate with its inereas
people f Porto Rico. A bureau of ed work. .
mines should be created ' under the
control and direction of " the Secre-
tary of the Xa tenor; th bairaa t
ha power to ewllret frttitta at!
tuak tnretiattuo in R taAitrr
prnaisins to miiuns aad ptiwuiMt
k t!s aceideat aul daisgn of tte
Viewers Natfcatl Fsrk.
I t'urtl er reeissc4 tfcal a uaiai
miietaicnt b -!ab;iLcd ia tUe
Vfrdubursr Natlvasl Vitk, Te
ii! perk jr.1 ucjni? pvrtun-
ity f.r rmmcsarstittj: ttv Jt4 of f
ihce inUl&Rt ujen who fvuLt a
water, no lra tfcan of iWr v. bo
futight on land, in the ft cat eivil ar.
Tit Thirteenth Cesraa.
Legislation should b enacted at
the prewmi riou of the Conjres
for the Thirteenth Census. The es
tablishment of the permanent Ceni
Bureau afford the opportunity for
a better cvsmi than r-e bav ever
LadL but in rrdcr to realise the full
advantage f the permanent oipanix
ation, ample time mut 1 ghen for
preparation.
Presidential Campaign Expenses.
Under our form of pivrmmcnt vot
ing i not mer-ly a right but a duty,
and, moreover, a fundamental cud
necessary duty if a man is to be a
good citizen. It i well to provide
that cororations hall not contrib
ute to Presidential or Natimtsl cam
paign?, and furthermore to provide
for the publication of both contri
butions and expenditures.
The need of collecting I a go cam
paign funds by the parties would
vanish if Congniss should provide
an appropriation ample enough to
meet the ligitimate cxteusett of each
of the great parties. Then the Mipu
lation should 1m made that no party
receiving- campaign funds from lis
Government should accept nunc than
a fixed sum from any individual,
subcriber or donor, and the neces
fary publicity for receipt and div
bmsements co.ild easily be provided.
The Array.
Never in our entire history. has the
nation suffered iu the least particu
lar because too much care has been
siven to the Army, t. much prom
inence been give it, loo much money
spent upon it, or because it has be:i
too huge. As a nr. tion we bae al
ways been hhortsightcd in pi(idin
for the efficiency of the army in
time of peace. I think it is onlv
lack of foresight that troubles uw;
not any hostility to the Army.
In the matter of cflicienci "it M
urged that officers and enlisted m-;n
should be paid sufficient compensa
tion to warrant then in making the
army a Jifs "occupation. Among offi
cers there should be examinations
rigid enough to weed out the ineffi
cient. The practice inarches and field
maneuvers of the past two or three
year have been valuable, and these
should be continued perhaps the most
important legislation needed for the
benefit of the army is a law to equa
lize and increase the pay of officer
and enlisted men in the army, navy,
marine corps and reveuue-cutler ser
vice. Ths Public Health.
There is a constantly growing in
terest in t'ii:i country in the question
of the public health. At last thi
public mind is awake to the fact that
many dieases, notably tuberculosis,
are National scourges. The work of
the State and city boards of health
should be supplemented by a con
stantly increasing intcreet on the
part of the National Government.
The Navy.
It is recommended that this year
provision be made for four new bat
tleships, and that docks, coaling sta
tions, colliers and supply ships be
provided to meet the needs thus crea
ted. Our eoast line is on the Pacific
as well as the Atlantic and occas
ionally the fleet should be di.-patehed
to the waters of the Pacific. Our
duty to California, Washington and
Oregon is the same as to Maine, New
York, Lousiana and Texas. I sin
cerely hope that the fleet wjll be
shifted from the Atlantic to the Pa
cific every year or two until our
navy is of sufficient strength to ad
mit of division.
Poreign Affairs.
In dealing with other nations it
should be our policy to be neighbor
ly and do all we can to help otbem
without meddling; and at the samo
time to give them to understand in a
! proper way that we do not mean 10
; be imposed upon,
1 The Philippines,
The Secretary of War has gone to
the PLilippines. On bis return I
shall submit to yoo bis report on the
iirnt.-.
.International Bureau of Americaa
Republics.
One of the results of the Pan-Am
erican Conference at ltio Janeiro in
the summer of 190G has been a great
smaller scale and rendering much less
valuable service. I recoramend that
the cojribatxon of this government
THEODORE ROOSEVELT,
The 7hite House. Dec. 3, 1907
OPOilfiG OfCONGR&S
Srinu&t Sets Cimttriit &
rerxal CfzlTt f &xtMk
Sttca-JM9 Ci&aoa Si!vtd
at 8?&ktr &s4 Sixr?
lUsa is Ilksrity XaxIcx.
YahirjtttB, Secul A bnlHaat
rtt.irm I !', tttcrtas? f
th ittisi i'..;:itt Monday. I a
Senate at! Uvmnr of Krp?f-ritatW
ttere wrr ttotaWe gatiertfiir of the
o.Hrul tiety cf tt rx)Ul. 7h
cosiirr; together for iht urt time cf
tie men ho have Wi eWted W
It Senate af.d Ite Ha?e, bat tr.
buaired f !;: Le nut bc?nj
ferried in iVvre, ude tb t
rasn one cf artitilar latere!.
The kinking wene c f tee day
wrre in Ire Hoj of Kpteetil atit,
hcn lhs f'TTral M'tcrtmn tt
J'ph Cunt.tHi ! a3!in I csfcrr
of thnt b.iy atid t!. dtirrsthn Ui
the Ik-mortal f Mr. J.isa laip
William a their leader, acre twe.
ii'tH fur ovation (or tb jrenlJcTPr.
The e I all of the Home .f
U-'piccntativn tans with cheer f
licpuMiean and Jlc;norratj for thesr
irsdtr. r-nd th Speaker m-cird a
uatTii a tcvfprio-i from n ttnVr
tl e iniiiviily a be did fro.n hi owu
prity..
In tii'ct pling the Kjv akt thip Mr.
Cannrtu mid in pait;
"Wo are td.iy oiyamwng tU
Sixtieth Congrci making Dm' r
hundred and eihtet-nlh caleton
u.to tin- I i:Ury ut piwriimetsl by
tie pioplf- Uhd-r the coUh'.itutio:.
Our picdee.Mr v, the vcar thei
are pa-cd hav left to u an rxar;te
of wisdom, n;'d tali' ii z:u ronrngfl
that 2 .'s never faibd to y .-ert the
ideals and th intern;'. of lifp'.bli
ran government n many ni,
whether of pea- or war, nderity or
prosperity. '
"Thin Iu'U"o i the o!v ii)titutim
J mirier :- t -onMjtuti"!! where the wH
of th j'opc may be osprred with
a fainics armroxtmating eciiitilUt
i 'tnaty. OtUer d-paitment of tlet
. g vcn:mjt lave lolly ami mjr-
taut function, but to thi IIo-.im?
alone bel'ng the peenliar, the deli
cate and the all-urpaKing function
of interpreting and puttii.g in dcT
i?:'e form (he will of the people. Thi
duty we mu-t erfonn outrselven. The
principles of the pai help u to the
extent of showing u the jkjiiiU of
tie compnis; bat beyond that we
n. i?t depend ou our own whdom, our
j own constancy, our own industry
and our own fidenlity to duty." ;
The appenrnnee of William J.
liryan on the floor of the Hpusc ab
was the occasion for enthusiastic
cheering by the Democrat.
Ssaate Convenes.
The Senate concned promptly at
12 noon. After Vice Preiddent Fair-
, bmk xounnea the gavel proceedings
j were opened with prayer by the Hev,
i Edward Kveret Hale, chaplain of thj
I Senate.
' Senator La Follette wat the first
. Senator to be recognized and present-
Stephenson, of Wisconsin.
The Vice President ordered thai
the roll of Senatora-clcct be called
alphabetically and they were wom
in by fours, being escorted to the
desk by their colleague.
All the Senatora-elect were pres
ent in (he chamber except Senator
Dankbead of Alabama, who i de
tained at home by illncfas.
Under the form observed by tho
Senate neither Senator Bankhead
nor Senator Johnson can be wor;i
iu until the death of Senator Morgan
and I'ettus have been announced and
as the Senate wiJl adjourn in their
honor neither of their successor will
be admitted until Wednesday.
Hisht EMcr;? cn Trial
Nashville, Tcnn.f Special. Jan
Gross, Dr. S. C. H&skias end Gcorgsi
Sanders, alleged night ridess, aro it
trial at Clarbfrill?. Teca., ekargn!
with destroying tobacco plant bed.
The jury in the case baa been com
pleted. Owing to the prominence of
the defendants, the trial is attraction
much attention.
Green, and Crjzer Appc&! ta UalteJ
Etitts Sa?r:o Ccsrt.
Washington, Special Ewijamia 1.
Greene and John F. Gsynor, rrho trt -bezzled
nearly tZMfi'M of United'
Stale funds at Savanuah, Gj ha
petitioned the Supreme Court for a
writ of certiorari in their case, raid
ing, some international questions a
ta which they hope to be release J
from, prison. Tbey are now and it
i sentence of four years iosprisonmetil
j and a fine of $575,000 each, and this
appeal' to the United States Sapremt
Court is the last straw of hope thai
regains to thetcu
I
: Illinois Congressman Dead.'
Murpbyiboro, Ilk, Special -Co
gressman" George W. Smith, cf tl
25th Illinois district, xiied at his hara
here of" typhoid fever. "He' had oeen
tick two we els but hi condition wai
not considered critical until Frida
night, when he became sudden ij
worse. He was a Republican az
was serving his twentieth year ix
Oongress. -